A two-phase liquid cooling system, a control method thereof and an electronic device

Abstract

The application discloses a two-phase liquid cooling system and a control method thereof and electronic equipment, and is applied to the technical field of liquid cooling, wherein the two-phase liquid cooling system comprises a circulating pipeline, a distribution header, a cold quantity distribution unit, a temperature adjusting component, a condenser and a circulating driving component, the temperature adjusting component is used for adjusting the liquid cooling medium to a target temperature, the target temperature is less than the saturation temperature of the liquid cooling medium, and the difference between the two is a first threshold value, a controller is used for controlling the circulating driving component to act, and is also used for controlling the temperature adjusting component to heat or cool the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate according to the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate. The two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the application can effectively improve the heat exchange efficiency of two-phase circulation cooling, meet the heat dissipation demand of high-power components to be cooled, significantly reduce the cooling energy consumption, and effectively prolong the service life of the electronic equipment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of liquid cooling, in particular to a two-phase liquid cooling system, a control method thereof and an electronic device. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid increase in the power of artificial intelligence and high-performance computing electrical components, the thermal design power of new-generation GPU electrical components has exceeded the kilowatt level, and traditional air cooling and traditional liquid cooling heat dissipation technologies have been difficult to meet the demand. The cooling system of a data center usually accounts for about 50% of the overall energy consumption, so improving the cooling efficiency and energy saving of the data center has become a key issue.

[0003] In the related art, a two-phase circulating liquid cooling technology is generally used to cool the data center. This technology uses the phase change principle that the refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates in the cold plate and condenses in the condenser to exchange heat, can support a heat flux density of up to hundreds of watts per square centimeter, and the refrigerant used has the characteristics of non-flammability, low toxicity and low global warming potential, which is suitable for data center applications. However, the two-phase liquid cooling system in the related art often lacks overall optimization for ultra-high heat flux and cabinet-level cooling, resulting in the inability to meet the cooling needs of existing data centers.

[0004] Therefore, how to effectively improve the cooling efficiency of the electronic device is a technical problem that those skilled in the art need to solve at present. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a two-phase liquid cooling system, a control method thereof and an electronic device, which can improve the heat dissipation efficiency and meet the requirements of cabinet deployment for high heat flux density.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions.

[0007] A two-phase liquid cooling system, characterized in that: a circulation pipeline for flowing a liquid cooling medium, the liquid cooling medium being a two-phase liquid cooling medium; a distribution header for delivering the liquid cooling medium to a cold plate, the distribution header being connected to the circulation pipeline; a cold quantity distribution unit located on the circulation pipeline, comprising a temperature adjusting component, a condenser and a circulation driving component, the temperature adjusting component being used to adjust the liquid cooling medium to a target temperature, the target temperature being less than the saturation temperature of the liquid cooling medium, and the difference between them being a first threshold value; the temperature adjusting component is connected with the inlet of the distribution header; the condenser is used for condensing treatment of the liquid cooling medium, the inlet of the condenser being used for connecting with the outlet of the cold plate; the circulation driving component is used for adjusting the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium in the circulation pipeline; a controller is used to obtain the liquid cooling medium temperature of the outlet and the liquid cooling medium temperature of the inlet of the cold plate, and control the circulation driving component to act according to the difference between the liquid cooling medium temperature of the inlet and the liquid cooling medium temperature of the outlet; and is also used to control the temperature adjusting component to heat or cool the liquid cooling medium of the inlet of the cold plate according to the liquid cooling medium temperature of the inlet of the cold plate.

[0008] An electronic device comprising the two-phase liquid cooling system described above.

[0009] A two-phase liquid cooling system control method, comprising the following steps: obtaining the liquid cooling medium temperature of the outlet and the liquid cooling medium temperature of the inlet of the cold plate; when the difference between the liquid cooling medium temperature of the outlet and the liquid cooling medium temperature of the inlet is greater than a first target value, then controlling the circulation driving component to act to increase the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium in the circulation pipeline; when the liquid cooling medium temperature of the inlet of the cold plate is greater than the target temperature, then controlling the temperature adjusting component to enter a cooling mode to cool the liquid cooling medium of the inlet of the cold plate; when the liquid cooling medium temperature of the inlet of the cold plate is less than the target temperature, then controlling the temperature adjusting component to enter a heating mode to heat the liquid cooling medium of the inlet of the cold plate.

[0010] The two-phase liquid cooling system has the beneficial effects that: through the arrangement of the temperature adjusting component and the condenser in the cold quantity distribution unit, when the liquid cooling medium flows into the cold plate from the cold quantity distribution unit, the heat of the to-be-cooled component is transferred to the liquid cooling medium through the cold plate due to the heat exchange between the cold plate and the to-be-cooled component, the phase change of the liquid cooling medium occurs due to the heat absorption of the liquid cooling medium, thereby the heat is taken away, the phase changed liquid cooling medium changes into a gas-liquid mixed state, flows out of the cold plate, enters the condenser, and the condenser liquefies the gas to make the gaseous liquid cooling medium change back into a liquid state and reflow into the cold plate, thereby realizing the circulating cooling process; however, for the to-be-cooled component with large heat generation, in order to improve the cooling efficiency of the liquid cooling medium, the temperature of the liquid cooling medium entering the cold plate, i.e., the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate, needs to be controlled to be slightly lower than the saturation temperature of the liquid cooling medium, and the heat of the to-be-cooled component changes with different working states, which causes the temperature of the liquid cooling medium flowing back to the inlet of the cold plate to be possibly higher than the target temperature or lower than the target temperature, and the application adjusts the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate through the temperature adjusting component, i.e., the temperature adjusting component is used to adjust the liquid cooling medium to the target temperature, the target temperature is less than the saturation temperature of the liquid cooling medium, and the difference between the two is a first threshold, so that the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate cannot be too high, if the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate is too high, the phase change of the liquid cooling medium in the cold plate will be too violent, thereby causing the flow in the circulating pipeline to be too large and unable to normally operate, and if the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate is too low, the liquid cooling medium in the cold plate cannot change phase, thereby affecting the heat dissipation efficiency; further, the temperature adjusting component is connected with the front end of the distribution header as the main connecting structure of the cold plate, i.e., the temperature adjusting component adjusts the temperature of the liquid cooling medium entering the distribution header, thereby realizing the temperature adjustment of the liquid cooling medium entering the cold plate.

[0011] The two-phase liquid cooling system can effectively improve the heat exchange efficiency of the two-phase circulation cooling, meet the heat dissipation demand of the high-power to-be-cooled component, significantly reduce the cooling energy consumption, and effectively prolong the service life of the electronic equipment.

[0012] In an embodiment, the temperature adjusting component comprises a cooling module, the cooling module comprises a cooling branch, a branch heat exchanger and a branch liquid storage component, the branch heat exchanger is located on the cooling branch, an inlet of the cooling branch is communicated with an outlet of the branch liquid storage component, an outlet of the cooling branch is communicated with an inlet of the distribution header, and the cooling branch is used to guide the liquid cooling medium in the branch liquid storage component into the branch heat exchanger when the temperature adjusting component enters the cooling mode; the branch heat exchanger is provided with a first cavity and a second cavity, the first cavity and the second cavity are arranged adjacent to each other and are isolated from each other, the first cavity is communicated with the circulation pipeline, and the second cavity is communicated with the cooling branch. When the temperature adjusting component enters the cooling mode, in order to realize the cooling function of the temperature adjusting component, the liquid cooling medium in the branch liquid storage component is guided into the branch heat exchanger, and because the first cavity is communicated with the circulation pipeline and the second cavity is communicated with the cooling branch, the liquid cooling medium with a temperature greater than the target temperature in the circulation pipeline will enter the first cavity, and the liquid cooling medium in the branch liquid storage component will enter the second cavity. The liquid cooling medium in the branch liquid storage component can be single-phase liquid cooling medium. The liquid cooling medium in the branch liquid storage component is used to cool the liquid cooling medium in the circulation pipeline, which is convenient for operation and ensures the reliability of the cooling function of the cooling module. The liquid cooling medium in the branch liquid storage component can be cooled by other ways, such as air cooling, fin heat dissipation or adding an additional heat exchanger.

[0013] In an embodiment, a bypass circulation system is further included, the bypass circulation system is used to be connected with the cold plate to form a bypass circulation loop, the bypass circulation system comprises a bypass circulation branch, a bypass circulation pump and a bypass liquid storage component, the bypass circulation pump and the bypass liquid storage component are both connected to the bypass circulation branch, and the bypass liquid storage component stores the liquid cooling medium; the bypass circulation pump is connected with the controller, and the controller is further used to control the circulation driving component to stop running and control the bypass circulation pump to start when the circulation pipeline appears abnormal. Through the bypass circulation system, the bypass circulation branch and the cold plate form the bypass circulation loop. Specifically, the cold plate is provided with two groups of inlets and two groups of outlets, the bypass circulation branch and the circulation pipeline are connected to different inlets and outlets of the cold plate, respectively. Such a setting is to ensure the normal operation of the cold plate when the circulation pipeline appears abnormal or the cold plate appears blocked, by cutting off the circulation pipeline to supply the liquid cooling medium to the cold plate and instead supplying the liquid cooling medium to the cold plate through the bypass circulation branch.

[0014] The electronic device provided in the present application is provided with the two-phase liquid cooling system described above. Since the two-phase liquid cooling system has the technical effects described above, the electronic device provided with the two-phase liquid cooling system should also have corresponding technical effects.

[0015] The two-phase liquid cooling system control method has the beneficial effects that the heat generation of the component to be cooled is accurately determined by obtaining the liquid cooling medium temperature at the outlet of the cold plate and the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet, when the difference between the liquid cooling medium temperature at the outlet and the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet is greater than a first target value, it indicates that the heat generation of the component to be cooled is large, and the current liquid cooling medium flow cannot meet the heat dissipation requirement of the component to be cooled, so the circulation driving component is controlled to operate to increase the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium in the circulation pipeline; since the heat generation of the component to be cooled changes and the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium in the circulation pipeline also changes, the temperature of the liquid cooling medium after circulation through the condenser changes greatly before flowing back to the cold plate, and the temperature of the liquid cooling medium entering the cold plate directly affects the phase change effect and thus affects the heat dissipation efficiency, therefore, when the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate is greater than a target temperature, the temperature adjusting component is controlled to enter a cooling mode to cool the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate, and when the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate is less than the target temperature, the temperature adjusting component is controlled to enter a heating mode to heat the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate, so as to accurately control the liquid cooling medium entering the cold plate, ensure that the liquid cooling medium enters the cold plate at a constant temperature, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation stability, and fully utilizing the heat dissipation capacity of the liquid cooling medium to save cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the related art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the related art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only show some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor based on these drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 The structure schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the present application.

[0018] Figure 2 The connection structure schematic diagram of the two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the present application.

[0019] Figure 3 The local structure schematic diagram of the two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the present application.

[0020] Figure 4 The structure schematic diagram of the cold plate in the two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the present application.

[0021] Figure 5 The structure schematic diagram of the distribution water collector in the two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the present application.

[0022] Figure 6A cooling module structure diagram of a temperature adjustment component in the two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the present application.

[0023] Figure 7 A structure diagram of another specific embodiment of the two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the present application.

[0024] Figure 8 A connection relationship diagram of a controller in the two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the present application.

[0025] Figure 9 A flow chart of a specific embodiment of the two-phase liquid cooling system control method provided by the present application.

[0026] Figure 10 A flow chart of another specific embodiment of the two-phase liquid cooling system control method provided by the present application.

[0027] The figure mark: 100-wait cooling component; 1-circulation pipeline; 2-diversion collector; 21-diversion collector shell; 22-liquid phase distribution pipeline; 23-gas phase convergence pipeline; 24-into backwater port; 3-cold quantity distribution unit; 31-temperature adjustment component; 311-heating module; 312-cooling module; 3121-cooling branch pipe; 3122-branch pipe heat exchanger; 3122-1-first cavity; 3122-2-second cavity; 3123-branch pipe liquid storage component; 3124-branch pipe valve; 32-condenser; 33-circulation driving component; 34-circulation liquid storage component; 35-charging valve; 36-liquid level sensor; 37-pressure regulating valve; 38-pressure sensor; 39-temperature sensor; 310-heat regenerator; 3-11-flow meter; 3-12-back-up valve; 4-controller; 41-power supply; 5-cold plate; 51-liquid inlet; 52-liquid outlet; 6-bypass circulation system; 61-bypass circulation branch; 62-bypass circulation pump; 63-bypass liquid storage component; 64-bypass connecting pipeline; 65-bypass liquid supplement pump. EMBODIMENT

[0028] The core of the present application is to provide a two-phase liquid cooling system and a control method thereof and an electronic device, which can fully utilize the heat dissipation efficiency of the two-phase liquid cooling medium and meet the heat dissipation requirements of the electronic device.

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0030] It should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only used for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. The terms "mount", "connect", "connect" should be broadly understood, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intermediate medium, or the communication between two elements. The terms "parallel", "perpendicular", "equal" include the described case and the approximate case of the described case, and the approximate case is within the acceptable deviation range, wherein the acceptable deviation range is determined by the person skilled in the art considering the measurement being discussed and the error related to the measurement of the specific quantity, i.e. the limitation of the measurement system. For example, "parallel" includes absolute parallel and approximate parallel, wherein the acceptable deviation range of approximate parallel can be, for example, within 5°; "perpendicular" includes absolute perpendicular and approximate perpendicular, wherein the acceptable deviation range of approximate perpendicular can also be, for example, within 5°. "Equal" includes absolute equality and approximate equality, wherein the acceptable deviation range of approximate equality can be, for example, that the difference between the two equalities is less than or equal to 5% of either. For the person skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in specific cases.

[0031] In order for those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 3The two-phase liquid cooling system comprises: a circulating pipeline 1 for flowing a liquid cooling medium, the liquid cooling medium being a two-phase liquid cooling medium; a distribution header 2 for delivering the liquid cooling medium to a cold plate 5, the distribution header 2 being connected to the circulating pipeline 1; a cold quantity distribution unit 3 located on the circulating pipeline 1 and comprising a temperature adjusting component 31, a condenser 32 and a circulating driving component 33, the temperature adjusting component 31 being used for adjusting the liquid cooling medium to a target temperature, the target temperature being less than a saturation temperature of the liquid cooling medium, and a difference between the target temperature and the saturation temperature being a first threshold value; the temperature adjusting component 31 being connected to an inlet of the distribution header 2; the condenser 32 being used for condensing the liquid cooling medium, an inlet of the condenser 32 being used for being connected to an outlet of the cold plate 5; the circulating driving component 33 being used for adjusting a flow rate of the liquid cooling medium in the circulating pipeline 1; a controller 4 being used for acquiring a liquid cooling medium temperature at the outlet of the cold plate 5 and a liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate 5, and controlling the circulating driving component 33 to act according to a difference between the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet and the liquid cooling medium temperature at the outlet; and being further used for controlling the temperature adjusting component 31 to heat or cool the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5 according to the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate 5.

[0033] Specifically, the circulating driving component 33 can be a driving pump, for example, a gear pump, the two-phase liquid cooling system is a pump-driven two-phase closed-loop whole-cabinet liquid cooling system scheme, mainly designed for AI (Artificial Intelligence) server and GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) node high heat density scenes; the liquid cooling medium is a low-boiling environmentally friendly refrigerant, for example, R-1233zd or 3M Novec series, and a temperature adjusting component 31 is introduced in the structure to achieve efficient and reliable heat dissipation effect. Further, the saturation temperature of the liquid cooling medium refers to the temperature at which the liquid cooling medium begins to boil and vaporize, when the temperature of the liquid cooling medium is at the saturation temperature, the latent heat of phase change is maximum; the target temperature should be lower than the saturation temperature, and it is best to set the target temperature to be 4-6℃ below the saturation temperature, that is, the first threshold value is 4-6℃, in order to ensure the temperature control accuracy, the first threshold value can be set to 4.8-5.2℃; the gas and liquid ratio in the cold plate 5 can be controlled to about 10%.

[0034] The two-phase liquid cooling system, through the setting of the temperature adjusting component 31 and the condenser 32 in the cold quantity distribution unit 3, when the liquid cooling medium flows into the cold plate 5 from the cold quantity distribution unit 3, due to the heat exchange between the cold plate 5 and the to-be-cooled component 100, the to-be-cooled component 100 can be an electrical element, and thus the heat of the to-be-cooled component 100 is transmitted to the liquid cooling medium through the cold plate 5, and the heat absorption of the liquid cooling medium causes a phase change, thereby taking away the heat, and the phase-changed liquid cooling medium changes into a gas-liquid mixed state and flows out of the cold plate 5, enters the condenser 32, and the condenser 32 liquefies the gas to make the gaseous liquid cooling medium change back into a liquid state and reflow into the cold plate 5, thereby realizing a circulating cooling process; however, for the to-be-cooled component 100 with a large amount of heat, in order to improve the cooling efficiency of the liquid cooling medium, the temperature of the liquid cooling medium entering the cold plate 5, that is, the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5, needs to be controlled to be slightly lower than the saturation temperature of the liquid cooling medium, and the heat of the to-be-cooled component 100 changes with different working states, which may cause the temperature of the liquid cooling medium flowing back to the inlet of the cold plate 5 to be higher than the target temperature or lower than the target temperature, and the application adjusts the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5 through the setting of the temperature adjusting component 31, that is, the temperature adjusting component 31 is used to adjust the liquid cooling medium to the target temperature, the target temperature is less than the saturation temperature of the liquid cooling medium, and the difference between the two is a first threshold, in this way, the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5 can be ensured to be not too high, if the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5 is too high, the phase change of the liquid cooling medium in the cold plate 5 will be too violent, thereby causing the flow in the circulating pipeline 1 to be too large and unable to normally operate, and if the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5 is too low, the liquid cooling medium in the cold plate 5 cannot change phase, thereby affecting the heat dissipation efficiency; further, the temperature adjusting component 31 is connected with the front end of the distribution header 2, that is, the temperature adjusting component 31 adjusts the temperature of the liquid cooling medium entering the distribution header 2, thereby realizing the temperature adjustment of the liquid cooling medium entering the cold plate 5.

[0035] The two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the application can meet the heat load requirement of 200kW level single cabinet, is suitable for high heat flux density cabinet deployment scene, can effectively improve the heat exchange efficiency of two-phase circulation cooling, meets the heat dissipation requirement of high-power to-be-cooled component 100, significantly reduces the cooling energy consumption, and effectively prolongs the service life of electronic equipment.

[0036] In some embodiments, the cold quantity distribution unit 3 further comprises a circulating liquid storage component 34, the circulating liquid storage component 34 is used for storing liquid cooling medium, the circulating liquid storage component 34 is connected with the condenser 32, and the height of the circulating liquid storage component 34 is lower than the height of the condenser 32, thereby facilitating the liquid cooling medium to flow into the circulating liquid storage component 34 under the action of gravity.

[0037] In some embodiments, a standby pipeline and a standby valve 3-12 are arranged between the circulating liquid storage component 34 and the circulating driving component 33, the standby valve 3-12 can be a standby solenoid valve, the standby valve 3-12 is connected with the controller 4, and the controller 4 is configured to control the standby valve 3-12 to open to allow the liquid cooling medium to enter the circulating driving component 33 through the standby pipeline. By arranging the standby pipeline and the standby valve 3-12, the standby purpose can be achieved when the outlet of the circulating liquid storage component 34 is blocked, and the lack of liquid cooling medium in the cold plate 5 is avoided to affect heat dissipation.

[0038] In some embodiments, the cold energy distribution unit 3 further comprises a charging valve 35 arranged between the circulating liquid storage component 34 and the condenser 32, the charging valve 35 can separate the condenser 32 and the circulating liquid storage component 34, and only when the liquid cooling medium in the circulating liquid storage component 34 is insufficient, the charging valve 35 needs to be opened and closed or adjusted to avoid the liquid level of the circulating liquid storage component 34 being too high; the charging valve 35 is connected with the controller 4, and the controller 4 is further configured to control the charging valve 35 to open to allow the liquid cooling medium in the condenser 32 to flow into the circulating liquid storage component 34, which is convenient for operation.

[0039] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 8 , further comprising a liquid level sensor 36 arranged in the condenser 32 and configured to obtain the liquid level height in the condenser 32, the liquid level sensor 36 is connected with the controller 4, and the controller 4 is further configured to control the circulating driving component 33 to act according to the liquid level height in the condenser 32; specifically, when the liquid level height in the condenser 32 is too high, the power of the circulating driving component 33 can be increased to increase the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium, thereby reducing the liquid level height in the condenser 32 and ensuring the normal operation of the condenser 32.

[0040] In some embodiments, the cold energy distribution unit 3 further comprises a regenerator 310, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 7 , the regenerator 310 is connected between the temperature adjusting component 31 and the circulating liquid storage component 34 and located before the condenser 32, and the regenerator 310 functions to cool the high-pressure liquid cooling medium and reduce the generation of flash gas in the throttling process to ensure stable operation of the system.

[0041] In some embodiments, the driving pump circulates the low-temperature refrigerant to the cold plate 5 to evaporate and absorb heat, and the evaporated gas-liquid mixture flows back to the condenser 32 of the cold distribution unit 3 to release heat and condense into liquid; the gas-liquid separator is used to separate and recover the excess gas from the condensed backflow liquid to maintain system stability; the temperature regulating component 31 and the pressure regulating valve 37 are used to adjust the outlet temperature and pressure of the circulation loop, so that the liquid cooling medium entering each cold plate 5 is kept close to the saturated state, thereby avoiding excessive supercooling or dryout. The system uses intelligent control logic to monitor the loop state through temperature sensor 39 and pressure sensor 38, automatically adjusts the flow rate of the driving pump and the opening of the pressure regulating valve 37, and responds in real time when the heat load fluctuates; if an abnormal temperature or pressure is detected, an alarm is triggered and safety interlocking is started, such as cutting off the power supply of the pump or starting the bypass circulation system, to ensure safe operation. The design of the cold distribution unit 3 significantly reduces the energy consumption of the system and improves stability.

[0042] In some embodiments, the temperature regulating component 31 includes a heating module 311 for heating the liquid cooling medium, which can be a heater such as a resistance wire; when the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet is less than the target temperature, the controller 4 controls the heating module 311 to start heating.

[0043] In some embodiments, a power supply 41 is further included for powering the controller 4, and the controller 4 can be connected to a human-computer interaction module for convenient input of information and timely acquisition of system operating conditions.

[0044] In some embodiments, the temperature adjustment component 31 comprises a cooling module 312, the cooling module 312 comprises a cooling branch pipe 3121, a branch pipe heat exchanger 3122 and a branch pipe liquid storage component 3123, the branch pipe heat exchanger 3122 is located on the cooling branch pipe 3121, an inlet of the cooling branch pipe 3121 is communicated with an outlet of the branch pipe liquid storage component 3123, an outlet of the cooling branch pipe 3121 is communicated with an inlet of the distribution header 2, and the cooling branch pipe 3121 is used to guide the liquid cooling medium in the branch pipe liquid storage component 3123 into the branch pipe heat exchanger 3122 when the temperature adjustment component 31 enters the cooling mode; the branch pipe heat exchanger 3122 is provided with a first cavity 3122-1 and a second cavity 3122-2, the first cavity 3122-1 and the second cavity 3122-2 are arranged adjacent to each other and are isolated from each other, the first cavity 3122-1 is communicated with the circulation pipeline 1, and the second cavity 3122-2 is communicated with the cooling branch pipe 3121. Specifically, when the temperature adjustment component 31 enters the cooling mode, in order to realize the cooling function of the temperature adjustment component 31, the liquid cooling medium in the branch pipe liquid storage component 3123 is guided into the branch pipe heat exchanger 3122, because the first cavity 3122-1 is communicated with the circulation pipeline 1 and the second cavity 3122-2 is communicated with the cooling branch pipe 3121, the liquid cooling medium with a temperature greater than the target temperature in the circulation pipeline 1 will enter the first cavity 3122-1, and the liquid cooling medium in the branch pipe liquid storage component 3123 will enter the second cavity 3122-2. The liquid cooling medium in the branch pipe liquid storage component 3123 can be a single-phase liquid cooling medium, the liquid cooling medium in the circulation pipeline 1 is cooled by the liquid cooling medium in the branch pipe liquid storage component 3123, which is convenient for operation and ensures the reliability of the cooling function of the cooling module 312. The liquid cooling medium in the branch pipe liquid storage component 3123 can be cooled by other ways, such as air cooling, fin heat dissipation or adding an additional heat exchanger. Of course, the cooling module 312 of the temperature adjustment component 31 can also be directly cooled by air cooling or other ways, and any way that can realize the cooling of the liquid cooling medium in the circulation pipeline 1 is available.

[0045] In some embodiments, the temperature adjustment component 31 further comprises a branch pipe valve 3124, the branch pipe valve 3124 is located on the cooling branch pipe 3121, the branch pipe valve 3124 is connected with the controller 4, and the controller 4 is further used to control the branch pipe valve 3124 to be opened when the temperature adjustment component 31 enters the cooling mode. The arrangement of the branch pipe valve 3124 can facilitate the control of the liquid cooling medium entering the cooling branch pipe 3121.

[0046] In some embodiments, the cold distribution unit 3 further comprises a pressure regulating valve 37 and a pressure sensor 38, both of which are arranged on the circulation pipeline 1, the pressure sensor 38 is used to obtain the liquid cooling medium pressure at the outlet of the cold plate 5, and the pressure regulating valve 37 and the pressure sensor 38 are connected with the controller 4, and the controller 4 is further used to control the pressure regulating valve 37 to act according to the liquid cooling medium pressure at the outlet of the cold plate 5; of course, the pressure sensor 38 can be arranged on the circulation pipeline 1 and other positions to ensure the stable operation of each component.

[0047] Specifically, the cold distribution unit 3 pumps the low-temperature liquid cooling medium to the front end of the system, and then divides it into each cold plate 5 after heating or cooling it to slightly below the saturation temperature by the temperature adjusting component 31; the vapor-liquid mixed liquid cooling medium at the outlet of the cold plate 5 flows back to the gas-liquid separation tank, i.e., the condenser 32, and is condensed into a liquid by the condenser 32, and the inlet pressure of the driven pump is controlled by the pressure regulating valve 37 below the saturation to realize the closed-loop stable circulation. The gas-liquid separation tank is internally provided with a liquid level sensor, which can monitor the condensate amount in real time, and the liquid level is kept constant by controlling the liquid inlet flow of the pump.

[0048] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 5 , the distribution header 2 comprises a distribution header shell 21, which is provided with a liquid phase distribution pipeline 22, a gas phase convergence pipeline 23, and a plurality of water inlet and outlet ports 24, the water inlet and outlet ports 24 include water inlets and water outlets, the cold plate 5 is connected between the water inlets and the water outlets, the water inlet and outlet ports 24 are used for the liquid cooling medium to flow into or out of the cold plate 5, the liquid phase distribution pipeline 22 is used for the liquid cooling medium to flow into the distribution header 2 from the temperature adjusting component 31, and the gas phase convergence pipeline 23 is used for the liquid cooling medium to flow into the condenser 32 from the distribution header 2; and the diameter of the gas phase convergence pipeline 23 is greater than the diameter of the liquid phase distribution pipeline 22, so as to meet the gas-liquid ratio requirement.

[0049] In some embodiments, a plurality of regulating valves are further arranged in the distribution header 2, the regulating valves are used to adjust the flow size of the water inlet and outlet ports 24, the regulating valves correspond to the water inlet and outlet ports 24 one by one, and the regulating valves are connected with the controller 4, and the controller 4 is further used to control the opening degree of the regulating valves according to the flow of the liquid cooling medium in the cold plate 5. Specifically, a flowmeter 3-11 can be arranged in the cold plate 5, which is used to detect the flow of the liquid cooling medium in the cold plate 5; of course, a flowmeter 3-11 can also be arranged on the circulation pipeline 1 to feed back the liquid cooling medium flow in the circulation pipeline 1 to the controller 4, so as to improve the control precision of the liquid cooling medium flow.

[0050] Specifically, the distribution header 2 is a header body with uniform pressure boundary, and a porous throttle or an adjustable valve can be arranged inside the distribution header 2 or at each outlet to realize fine adjustment of the flow of each branch. In order to compensate for the deviation caused by gravity and uneven flow, the liquid distribution pipeline 22 and the gas collection pipeline 23 are respectively pipelines with different diameters; a flow proportional distributor, such as a structure with adjustable aperture, or a one-way electromagnetic regulating valve is arranged at the most remote branch to balance the low flow of the last few branches, so as to ensure that the vapor quality at the final outlet of each cold plate 5 is uniform and close to the design value.

[0051] In some embodiments, in order to ensure the consistency of the evaporation efficiency of each cold plate 5, the system is provided with a distribution header 2 at the outlet of the driving pump, which uniformly distributes the circulating liquid cooling medium into each cold plate 5, and the gas-liquid mixture of each cold plate 5 is collected and sent back to the condenser 32. The upstream liquid distribution and downstream gas collection architecture adopted by the present application can uniformly distribute the refrigerant flow, and the system is designed to introduce a flow limiting device or a regulating valve, such as a micro-pore, a throttle hole or an adjustable valve, before and after each cold plate 5, to further suppress flow imbalance and ensure that the evaporation pressure gradient between individual cold plates 5 is the same, thereby realizing equivalent heat load and temperature uniformity when multiple cold plates 5 are connected in parallel.

[0052] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 4 The cold plate 5 is further provided with a liquid inlet 51 and a liquid outlet 52, and the liquid inlet 51 and the liquid outlet 52 are both provided with quick connectors, which facilitates disassembly and assembly and improves maintenance efficiency. Specifically, the quick connector refers to a connector that can quickly connect and cut off the pipeline after separation, and conduct the pipeline after connection, for example, a blind plug quick connector, which is generally made of stainless steel and has a drip-free sealing structure with bidirectional stop design, to ensure zero leakage during plugging and unplugging, and can adapt to the high-density cooling demand of the data center.

[0053] In some embodiments, the quick connector is a gas-liquid dual-valve connector, and the quick connector is further provided with a pressure relief hole for releasing the pressure in the quick connector when the cold plate 5 is separated from the distribution header 2. Specifically, a two-phase quick connector with an automatic shut-off valve is used at the connection between the cold plate 5 and the cold distribution unit 3, which automatically cuts off the flow of liquid cooling medium during plugging and unplugging, and has the function of moderate pressure relief; when the electronic equipment needs to be replaced or maintained, the quick connector is disconnected, and the cold plate 5 unit can be safely removed without emptying the system; when connected, the quick connector is automatically opened to restore circulation. This design improves the maintenance convenience and reduces downtime, and avoids the risk of leakage.

[0054] Specifically, the cold plate 5 and the pipeline of the water distributor 2 use an automatic closing quick connector, which has a double valve design integrated inside: when disconnected, the liquid phase and gas phase pipeline valves are automatically closed, and at the moment of disconnection, the excess pressure in the pipeline is quickly released through a small pressure relief hole; when connected, the valves are automatically opened, restoring circulation. When in use, the cold plate 5 module can be inserted and removed simply by plugging and unplugging, without the need to empty the system. According to statistics, the use of such a quick connector can complete the replacement of a single plate without disturbing the operation of other cold plates 5. This structure greatly improves the convenience of maintenance and avoids the risk of catastrophic leakage that may occur when using traditional cooling systems with fluids.

[0055] In some embodiments, the cold plate 5 is a copper-plated cold plate, an aluminum product cold plate, or a high-molecular composite cold plate, and other cold plates with good heat conduction can also be selected; the cold plate 5 is internally provided with a plurality of microchannels for the flow of liquid cooling medium, and the surface of the microchannels is provided with a capillary porous structure, which is a copper powder sintering structure or a porous plating layer structure. Specifically, for high heat flux electrical components such as GPUs, the cold plate 5 uses high-efficiency microchannels and capillary porous structures to enhance boiling, which are copper powder sintering structures or porous plating layer structures. Specifically, for high design such as GPUs, the cold plate 5 is internally provided with fine gap microchannels, and is equipped with a microstructure capillary layer or a reinforced fin to enhance liquid distribution and bubble generation. This design can form a controlled dot matrix vapor nucleus on the surface of the cold plate 5, eliminate hot spots, and achieve uniform heat exchange. Tests have shown that the microchannel / capillary cold plate can handle heat fluxes of up to hundreds or even thousands of watts per square centimeter, significantly higher than the capacity of traditional water-cooled cold plates.

[0056] Specifically, the cold plate 5 is internally provided with dense microchannels, each microchannel has a width of less than 0.2 mm, and the gap between the contact surface of the cold plate 5 and the component to be cooled 100 is also less than 0.2 mm. A layer of capillary porous structure is covered on the surface of the microchannels, which can be set by electrodepositing or electroplating to enhance liquid film backflow and bubble generation. When the cold plate 5 is installed, its back surface is tightly attached to the electrical component such as a GPU through a heat-conducting medium, facilitating heat conduction. Experiments have shown that the cold plate 5 forms a stable array of fine bubbles during heat absorption, eliminating local hot spots of the electrical component, and the thermal resistance is much lower than that of ordinary flat plate structures; under the same power, the cold plate 5 with microchannel + capillary enhancement design can carry a larger heat flux and maintain temperature uniformity. In addition, the cold plate 5 is provided with a temperature sensor 39 interface on the side, which can directly detect the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet or outlet of the cold plate 5, and feedback to the controller 4, facilitating control of other components.

[0057] In some embodiments, the cold plate 5 can be designed into a segmented multi-inlet structure, and a back pressure throttle hole can be integrated at each inlet to further balance the local flow. The back pressure throttle hole is a key component for adjusting the pressure of the back pressure cavity through a micro-channel structure. Further, the cold plate 5 can also be provided with a layered structure. Specifically, the cold plate 5 includes an upper layer space and a lower layer space. The lower layer space is close to the component to be cooled 100, and the upper layer space is separated from the lower layer space and is arranged adjacent to the lower layer space. Both the upper layer space and the lower layer space are provided with an inlet and an outlet. The inlet and the outlet of the circulation pipeline 1 are each provided with two, which are respectively connected with the upper layer space and the lower layer space. During normal operation, the liquid cooling medium flows into the lower layer space through the circulation pipeline 1, and the component to be cooled 100 is cooled by the phase change of the liquid cooling medium in the lower layer space. When the upper layer space cannot operate normally, for example, when a blockage occurs, the circulation pipeline 1 corresponding to the lower layer space can be closed, and the circulation pipeline 1 corresponding to the upper layer space can be opened, so that the liquid cooling medium is introduced into the upper layer space. This can ensure that the component to be cooled 100 continues to be cooled. When the lower layer space cannot continue to operate, the upper layer space is preferentially opened. When the upper layer space still cannot operate, the bypass circulation system 6 can be used for protection, so as to further improve the reliable operation of the cold plate 5.

[0058] In some embodiments, a thermally conductive medium is filled between the cold plate 5 and the component to be cooled 100. The gap between the cold plate 5 and the component to be cooled 100 is ≤0.2mm, which improves the heat conduction efficiency.

[0059] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 7 The bypass circulation system 6 is used to connect with the cold plate 5 to form a bypass circulation loop. The bypass circulation system 6 is connected with the controller 4. The controller 4 is also used to control the circulation driving component 33 to stop operating when the circulation pipeline 1 abnormally, and control the bypass circulation system 6 to start. Through the setting of the bypass circulation system 6, the liquid cooling medium can be supplemented to the cold plate 5 in time when the circulation pipeline 1 abnormally, so as to meet the heat dissipation demand. The abnormality of the circulation pipeline 1 refers to the abnormality of the circulation pipeline 1 itself or each component connected on the circulation pipeline 1, which causes the circulation pipeline 1 to be unable to normally provide the liquid cooling medium for the cold plate 5.

[0060] In some embodiments, the bypass circulation system 6 comprises a bypass circulation branch 61, a bypass circulation pump 62 and a bypass storage component 63, the bypass circulation pump 62 and the bypass storage component 63 are connected to the bypass circulation branch 61, and the bypass storage component 63 stores the liquid cooling medium; the bypass circulation pump 62 is connected to the controller 4, and the controller 4 is further configured to control the circulation driving component 33 to stop running and control the bypass circulation pump 62 to start when the circulation pipeline 1 is abnormal; the bypass circulation system 6 can be liquid cooling circulation, that is, the liquid cooling medium can be introduced, of course, the bypass circulation system 6 can also use air cooling to dissipate heat, which can meet the demand. Through the bypass circulation system 6, the bypass circulation branch 61 and the cold plate 5 form a bypass circulation loop, specifically, the cold plate 5 is provided with two groups of inlets and two groups of outlets, the bypass circulation branch 61 and the circulation pipeline 1 are connected to different inlets and outlets of the cold plate 5, and the bypass circulation branch 61 is connected to the different inlets and outlets of the cold plate 5. The circulation pipeline 1 is provided, so that when the circulation pipeline 1 is abnormal or the cold plate 5 is blocked, the liquid cooling medium can be supplied to the cold plate 5 through the bypass circulation branch 61 instead of the circulation pipeline 1, so as to ensure the normal operation of the cold plate 5. Further, in order to save cost, the bypass storage component 63 and the branch storage component 3123 can be the same storage component, which stores single-phase liquid cooling medium such as water, which is cooled by heat exchange and dissipated by air cooling or fins, which is convenient to control.

[0061] In some embodiments, the bypass connection pipeline 64 and the bypass driving pump are further provided, the bypass driving pump is located on the bypass connection pipeline 64, and the bypass connection pipeline 64 is connected between the bypass storage component 63 and the circulation storage component 34, and is used for supplying the liquid cooling medium in the circulation storage component 34 into the bypass storage component 63. Specifically, by connecting the bypass connection pipeline 64 between the bypass storage component 63 and the circulation storage component 34, the liquid cooling medium in the circulation storage component 34 can be added into the bypass storage component 63 through different pipelines, that is, the bypass connection pipeline 64, when the circulation pipeline 1 is abnormal, and the liquid cooling medium in the circulation storage component 34 is used twice, and the condenser 32 can also be provided on the bypass circulation branch 61 to realize the circulation of the liquid cooling medium.

[0062] In some embodiments, the system is equipped with a PLC or embedded control unit, connecting the pump drive cooling capacity distribution unit 3, the distribution header 2, and the cold plate 5 and other components into a complete control loop. The pressure sensor 38 and temperature sensor 39 are installed inside the cooling capacity distribution unit 3 to monitor the loop state, and the flow sensor or temperature difference sensor is installed at the distribution header 2 to evaluate the working condition of each branch. The controller 4 uses PID or fuzzy algorithm to adjust the flow rate of the drive pump and the valve opening of the pressure regulating valve 37 in real time according to the sensor feedback, to realize closed-loop control of the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate 5 or the liquid cooling medium pressure at the outlet. For example, when the load rises and the outlet temperature rises, the flow rate of the drive pump is automatically increased or more shunt channels are opened; when low liquid level or insufficient flow is detected, an alarm is sent and the bypass circulation system 6 is started; the system also integrates multi-stage safety interlocking, including high temperature alarm and interruption of power supply to the drive pump, to ensure stable operation of the data center in extreme working conditions.

[0063] In addition to the two-phase liquid cooling system described above, please refer to Figure 9 and Figure 10 The application also provides a two-phase liquid cooling system control method. The two-phase liquid cooling system control method comprises the following steps.

[0064] Step S1: Obtain the liquid cooling medium temperature at the outlet of the cold plate 5 and the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet.

[0065] Step S2: When the difference between the liquid cooling medium temperature at the outlet and the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet is greater than a first target value, control the circulating drive component 33 to act to increase the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium in the circulating pipeline 1.

[0066] Step S3: When the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate 5 is greater than a target temperature, control the temperature regulating component 31 to enter a cooling mode to cool the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5.

[0067] Step S4: When the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate 5 is less than a target temperature, control the temperature regulating component 31 to enter a heating mode to heat the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5.

[0068] The two-phase liquid cooling system control method, by obtaining the liquid cooling medium temperature of the outlet of the cold plate 5 and the liquid cooling medium temperature of the inlet, can accurately determine the heat generation of the to-be-cooled component 100. When the difference between the liquid cooling medium temperature of the outlet and the liquid cooling medium temperature of the inlet is greater than a first target value, it indicates that the heat generation of the to-be-cooled component 100 is large, and the current liquid cooling medium flow cannot meet the heat dissipation demand of the to-be-cooled component 100, so the circulating driving component 33 is controlled to act to increase the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium in the circulating pipeline 1. Since the heat generation of the to-be-cooled component 100 changes and the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium in the circulating pipeline 1 also changes, the temperature of the liquid cooling medium circulating through the condenser 32 changes greatly before flowing back to the cold plate 5, and the temperature of the liquid cooling medium entering the cold plate 5 directly affects the phase change effect and thus the heat dissipation efficiency. Therefore, when the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate 5 is greater than a target temperature, the temperature adjusting component 31 is controlled to enter a cooling mode to cool the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5, and when the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate 5 is less than the target temperature, the temperature adjusting component 31 is controlled to enter a heating mode to heat the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5, so as to accurately control the liquid cooling medium entering the cold plate 5, ensure that the liquid cooling medium enters the cold plate 5 at a constant temperature, and thus ensure the heat dissipation stability, while fully utilizing the heat dissipation capacity of the liquid cooling medium and saving costs.

[0069] In some embodiments, the two-phase liquid cooling system further comprises a bypass circulation system 6, the bypass circulation system 6 comprising a bypass circulation branch 61, a bypass circulation pump 62 and a bypass liquid storage component 63, the bypass circulation pump 62 and the bypass liquid storage component 63 being connected to the bypass circulation branch 61; and the following steps are further included.

[0070] Step S5: When the difference between the liquid cooling medium temperature of the outlet and the liquid cooling medium temperature of the inlet is greater than a second target value, the second target value being greater than the first target value, the circulating driving component 33 is controlled to stop acting, and an alarm signal is sent, indicating that the heat generation of the to-be-cooled component 100 is too large or the circulating pipeline 1 is abnormal, so that the system cannot meet the heat dissipation demand.

[0071] Step S6: The bypass circulation pump 62 is controlled to start to make the liquid cooling medium in the bypass liquid storage component 63 flow through the cold plate 5 and then return to the bypass liquid storage component 63, so as to avoid dry burning of the cold plate 5 and ensure normal heat dissipation demand.

[0072] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 6The temperature adjusting component 31 comprises a cooling module 312, the cooling module 312 comprises a cooling branch pipe 3121, a branch pipe heat exchanger 3122 and a branch pipe liquid storage component 3123, the branch pipe heat exchanger 3122 is located on the cooling branch pipe 3121, the inlet of the cooling branch pipe 3121 is communicated with the outlet of the branch pipe liquid storage component 3123, the temperature adjusting component 31 further comprises a branch pipe valve 3124; further comprising the following steps.

[0073] Step S7: when the temperature adjusting component 31 enters the cooling mode, control the branch pipe valve 3124 to open, at this time, in order to ensure that the temperature adjusting component 31 can cool the liquid cooling medium, thereby opening the branch pipe valve 3124.

[0074] Step S8: according to the difference between the liquid cooling medium temperature of the inlet of the cold plate 5 and the target temperature, control the opening degree of the branch pipe valve 3124, when the difference between the liquid cooling medium temperature of the inlet of the cold plate 5 and the target temperature is large, it indicates that the liquid cooling medium temperature of the inlet of the cold plate 5 is too high, control the opening degree of the branch pipe valve 3124 to increase.

[0075] The liquid cooling medium temperature of the inlet of the above-mentioned cold plate 5 refers to the temperature of the liquid cooling medium about to enter the cold plate 5, not the temperature of the liquid cooling medium that has entered the cold plate 5, the temperature adjustment of the liquid cooling medium of the inlet of the cold plate 5 is carried out before the distribution water collector 2, that is, the temperature of the liquid cooling medium entering the distribution water collector 2 is the same as the liquid cooling medium temperature of the inlet of the cold plate 5.

[0076] Specifically, the two-phase liquid cooling system and its control method are generally a closed-loop circuit. The drive pump in the cooling capacity distribution unit 3 pushes the low-temperature liquid cooling medium into the manifold 2 through the liquid phase distribution pipe 22, and then into each cold plate 5 via pipes and quick-release connectors. Each cold plate 5 undergoes flow boiling during heat absorption, transferring heat to the phase change of the liquid cooling medium. The evaporated gas-liquid mixture flows back to the condenser 32 of the cooling capacity distribution unit 3 through the gas phase manifold, which can be an air condenser 32 or a water-cooled condenser 32, releasing heat to the external liquid cooling medium, such as cooling water or air, and condensing into liquid. The condensed liquid is collected in the gas-liquid separator, flows back to the circulating liquid storage component 34, and then returns to the inlet of the drive pump, completing the cycle. The circulation system is equipped with multiple temperature sensors 39 and pressure sensors 38 to detect the temperature and pressure at different points, such as the inlet temperature of the cold plate 5, the outlet temperature of the drive pump, and the outlet pressure of the cold plate 5. The system uses a PLC or dedicated controller 4 to perform closed-loop regulation of the drive pump speed and the regulating valves in the manifold 2. For example, when the heat load increases, the system automatically increases the drive pump speed or opens more diversion valves to provide a larger flow rate of liquid cooling medium, and ensures safe saturation operation through loop pressure regulation. If the inlet temperature of the cold plate 5 is too high, the outlet pressure is too low, or an over-temperature signal is detected, an alarm can be triggered immediately, and a shutdown or bypass operation can be performed. The system can also adjust the flow distribution of each path at the manifold 2 through controllable throttling according to the actual load, thereby further optimizing the temperature uniformity and response speed under steady-state conditions.

[0077] This two-phase liquid cooling system and its control method are highly energy-efficient and optimize PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness), significantly reducing cooling energy consumption. Compared to the traditional air-cooled PUE of 1.3~1.5, this system can reduce PUE to 1.05~1.2, achieving an annual energy saving rate of 30%~50%. Heat dissipation performance and equipment stability are significantly improved; the liquid's thermal conductivity is 25 times that of air, enabling rapid stabilization of electrical component temperatures, preventing overheating and frequency throttling, and extending equipment lifespan by over 50%. It supports single-rack power density increases to over 200kW, meeting the high-density computing power requirements of AI / supercomputing, etc. It offers good economic benefits and long-term returns; the cooling cost per kilowatt is lower for the 200kW rack cold plate solution, and waste heat recovery can be used for building heating, creating additional revenue. It achieves a balance between energy saving, high density, reliability, and cost reduction, representing a key path for the development of green data centers.

[0078] In addition to the two-phase liquid cooling system described above, this invention also provides an electronic device. For the structure of other parts of this electronic device, please refer to the relevant technology, which will not be repeated here.

[0079] The two-phase liquid cooling system, the control method thereof and the electronic device are described in detail above. The principles and implementation manners of the present application are described by using specific examples in this paper, and the above description of the examples is only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea. It should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, the present application can be improved and modified in several ways, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A two-phase liquid cooling system, characterized in that, include: The circulation pipeline (1) is used to supply the flow of liquid cooling medium, wherein the liquid cooling medium is a two-phase liquid cooling medium; The manifold (2) is used to supply the liquid cooling medium to the cold plate (5), and the manifold (2) is connected to the circulation pipeline (1); The cooling capacity distribution unit (3), located on the circulation pipeline (1), includes a temperature regulating component (31), a condenser (32), and a circulation drive component (33). The temperature regulating component (31) is used to regulate the liquid cooling medium to a target temperature, which is less than the saturation temperature of the liquid cooling medium, and the difference between the two is a first threshold. The temperature regulating component (31) is connected to the inlet of the manifold (2). The condenser (32) is used to condense the liquid cooling medium, and the inlet of the condenser (32) is connected to the outlet of the cold plate (5). The circulation drive component (33) is used to regulate the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium in the circulation pipeline (1). The controller (4) is used to obtain the liquid cooling medium temperature at the outlet and the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate (5), and to control the operation of the circulation drive component (33) according to the difference between the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet and the liquid cooling medium temperature at the outlet; it is also used to control the temperature regulating component (31) to heat or cool the liquid cooling medium according to the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate (5). The temperature regulating component (31) includes a cooling module (312), which includes a cooling branch pipe (3121), a branch pipe heat exchanger (3122), and a branch pipe liquid storage component (3123). The branch pipe heat exchanger (3122) is located on the cooling branch pipe (3121). The inlet of the cooling branch pipe (3121) is connected to the outlet of the branch pipe liquid storage component (3123), and the outlet of the cooling branch pipe (3121) is connected to the inlet of the water distribution manifold (2). The cooling branch pipe (3121) is used to introduce the liquid cooling medium in the branch pipe liquid storage component (3123) into the branch pipe heat exchanger (3122) when the temperature regulating component (31) enters the cooling mode.

2. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling capacity distribution unit (3) further includes a circulating liquid storage component (34), which is used to store the liquid cooling medium. The circulating liquid storage component (34) is connected to the condenser (32), and the height of the circulating liquid storage component (34) is lower than the height of the condenser (32). And / or, a backup pipeline and a backup valve (3-12) are provided between the circulating liquid storage component (34) and the circulating drive component (33). The backup valve (3-12) is connected to the controller (4), and the controller (4) is used to control the backup valve (3-12) to open so that the liquid cooling medium can enter the circulating drive component (33) through the backup pipeline.

3. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cooling capacity distribution unit (3) further includes a charging valve (35), which is located between the circulating liquid storage component (34) and the condenser (32). The charging valve (35) is connected to the controller (4), which is also used to control the opening of the charging valve (35) so that the liquid cooling medium in the condenser (32) flows into the circulating liquid storage component (34).

4. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The temperature regulating component (31) includes a heating module (311), which is used to heat the liquid cooling medium; when the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet is less than the target temperature, the controller (4) controls the heating module (311) to start.

5. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The branch heat exchanger (3122) is provided with a first chamber (3122-1) and a second chamber (3122-2). The first chamber (3122-1) and the second chamber (3122-2) are arranged adjacent to each other and isolated from each other. The first chamber (3122-1) is connected to the circulation pipeline (1), and the second chamber (3122-2) is connected to the cooling branch pipe (3121).

6. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The temperature regulating component (31) also includes a branch valve (3124), which is located on the cooling branch pipe (3121). The branch valve (3124) is connected to the controller (4), and the controller (4) is also used to control the branch valve (3124) to open when the temperature regulating component (31) enters the cooling mode.

7. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling capacity distribution unit (3) further includes a pressure regulating valve (37) and a pressure sensor (38). The pressure regulating valve (37) and the pressure sensor (38) are both installed on the circulation pipeline (1). The pressure sensor (38) is used to obtain the liquid cooling medium pressure at the outlet of the cold plate (5). The pressure regulating valve (37) and the pressure sensor (38) are both connected to the controller (4). The controller (4) is also used to control the operation of the pressure regulating valve (37) according to the liquid cooling medium pressure at the outlet of the cold plate (5).

8. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The manifold (2) includes a manifold housing (21), on which a liquid phase distribution pipe (22), a gas phase manifold (23), and several inlet and outlet ports (24) are provided. The inlet and outlet ports (24) are used for the liquid cooling medium to flow into or out of the cold plate (5). The liquid phase distribution pipe (22) is used for the liquid cooling medium to flow into the manifold (2) from the temperature regulating component (31). The gas phase manifold (23) is used for the liquid cooling medium to flow into the condenser (32) from the manifold (2). The diameter of the gas phase manifold (23) is larger than the diameter of the liquid phase distribution pipe (22).

9. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The water distribution manifold (2) is also equipped with several regulating valves. The regulating valves are used to adjust the flow rate of the inlet and outlet water ports (24). The regulating valves correspond one-to-one with the inlet and outlet water ports (24), and the regulating valves are connected to the controller (4). The controller (4) is also used to control the opening degree of the regulating valves according to the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium in the cold plate (5).

10. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a cold plate (5), which is provided with an inlet (51) and an outlet (52), and both the inlet (51) and the outlet (52) are provided with quick-connect fittings.

11. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The quick-connector is a gas-liquid dual-valve connector. The quick-connector is also provided with a pressure relief hole. The pressure relief hole is used to release the pressure inside the quick-connector when the cold plate (5) is separated from the water distributor (2).

12. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The cold plate (5) has several microchannels inside for the flow of the liquid cooling medium, and the surface of the microchannels has a capillary porous structure.

13. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A heat-conducting medium is filled between the cold plate (5) and the component to be cooled (100), and the gap between the cold plate (5) and the component to be cooled (100) is ≤0.2mm; and / or, the first threshold is 4-6℃.

14. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, It also includes a bypass circulation system (6), which is used to connect with the cold plate (5) to form a bypass circulation loop. The bypass circulation system (6) is connected to the controller (4), which is also used to control the circulation drive component (33) to stop running and control the bypass circulation system (6) to start when the circulation pipeline (1) is abnormal.

15. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 14, characterized in that, The bypass circulation system (6) includes a bypass circulation branch (61), a bypass circulation pump (62), and a bypass liquid storage component (63). The bypass circulation pump (62) and the bypass liquid storage component (63) are both connected to the bypass circulation branch (61). The bypass liquid storage component (63) stores liquid cooling medium. The bypass circulation pump (62) is connected to the controller (4). The controller (4) is also used to control the circulation drive component (33) to stop running and control the bypass circulation pump (62) to start when the circulation pipeline (1) is abnormal.

16. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 15, characterized in that, It also includes a bypass connection pipe (64) and a bypass replenishment pump (65), the bypass replenishment pump (65) being located on the bypass connection pipe (64), the bypass connection pipe (64) being connected between the bypass liquid storage component (63) and the circulating liquid storage component (34), for supplying the liquid cooling medium in the circulating liquid storage component (34) into the bypass liquid storage component (63).

17. An electronic device comprising a two-phase liquid cooling system, characterized in that, The two-phase liquid cooling system is the two-phase liquid cooling system according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

18. A control method for a two-phase liquid cooling system, characterized in that, The two-phase liquid cooling system as described in any one of claims 1 to 16 includes the following steps: Obtain the liquid cooling medium temperature at the outlet and the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate (5); When the difference between the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the outlet and the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet is greater than the first target value, the circulation drive component (33) is controlled to operate to increase the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium in the circulation pipeline (1). When the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate (5) is greater than the target temperature, the temperature regulating component (31) is controlled to enter the cooling mode to cool the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate (5). When the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate (5) is lower than the target temperature, the temperature regulating component (31) is controlled to enter the heating mode to heat the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate (5).

19. The control method for a two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 18, characterized in that, The two-phase liquid cooling system further includes a bypass circulation system (6), which includes a bypass circulation branch (61), a bypass circulation pump (62), and a bypass liquid storage component (63). The bypass circulation pump (62) and the bypass liquid storage component (63) are both connected to the bypass circulation branch (61). The system also includes the following steps: When the difference between the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the outlet and the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet is greater than the second target value, the circulation drive component (33) is controlled to stop operating and an alarm signal is issued. The bypass circulation pump (62) is started so that the liquid cooling medium in the bypass liquid storage component (63) flows through the cold plate (5) and returns to the bypass liquid storage component (63).

20. The control method for a two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that, The cooling capacity distribution unit (3) further includes a circulating liquid storage component (34) and a circulating drive component (33); the temperature regulating component (31) includes a cooling module (312), the cooling module (312) includes a cooling branch pipe (3121) and a branch pipe heat exchanger (3122), the branch pipe heat exchanger (3122) is located on the cooling branch pipe (3121), the inlet of the cooling branch pipe (3121) is connected to the outlet of the circulating liquid storage component (34), the outlet of the cooling branch pipe (3121) is connected to the inlet of the condenser (32), the temperature regulating component (31) further includes a branch pipe valve (3124), the branch pipe valve (3124) is located on the cooling branch pipe (3121); and further includes the following steps: When the temperature regulating component (31) enters the cooling mode, it controls the branch valve (3124) to open; The opening degree of the branch valve (3124) is controlled according to the difference between the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate (5) and the target temperature.

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