Perlite functional material and preparation method thereof
By increasing the perlite content and combining it with organic and inorganic binders, high-porosity perlite functional materials are prepared, which solves the problem of insufficient performance of existing perlite materials and achieves efficient fireproofing, heat preservation and compressive resistance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510999201.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-24
AI Technical Summary
The low perlite content in existing perlite materials leads to poor product performance, especially low porosity, poor fire resistance, heat insulation and sound insulation, and adsorption. Increasing the perlite content will reduce the compressive strength.
Perlite is used as a matrix, combined with organic and inorganic binders, and the perlite functional material is prepared through mixing, molding, drying, calcining and shaping processes. The perlite content is 60-80%, and the porosity and compressive strength are optimized by adjusting the particle size and component ratio.
The prepared perlite functional material has high porosity, good fireproofing and heat preservation performance, compressive strength and sound absorption and sound insulation effect, is suitable for construction and decoration materials, and the preparation process is simple.
Smart Images
Figure BDA0005508263120000071
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of materials, and particularly relates to a perlite functional material and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND
[0002] The existing perlite material generally uses perlite powder as a thermal insulation material or an additive material, and a specific preparation method is as follows: perlite powder with a small content (less than 50%) and a binder (such as cement, water-based glue, clay, etc.) are stirred to form a coating or are pressed to form a product. Due to the low content of perlite, the porosity of the product is low, generally not more than 20%; meanwhile, the product has poor fireproof, thermal insulation, sound insulation, adsorption, and humidity regulation efficiency, and it is more difficult to achieve the natural, environmentally friendly, green, and safe standard. If only the addition amount of perlite is increased, the compressive strength of the product will be reduced, which is not conducive to the improvement of the performance of the product. SUMMARY
[0003] In order to solve the problem of poor product performance caused by the low content (less than 50%) of perlite in the existing perlite material, the present application provides a perlite functional material and a preparation method thereof.
[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present application to solve the technical problem is as follows:
[0005] The present application provides a perlite functional material, which comprises the following components in terms of weight fraction:
[0006] 70-100 parts of perlite;
[0007] 0-30 parts of inorganic porous material;
[0008] 0-30 parts of organic binder;
[0009] 5-30 parts of inorganic binder;
[0010] 100 parts of water.
[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the perlite is a perlite powder after calcination, expansion, and crushing, and the particle size is 1-200 microns.
[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the inorganic porous material is diatomite or carbon powder.
[0013] As a more preferred embodiment, the diatomite is selected from one or two of diatomite raw soil, calcined diatomite, and fluxed calcined diatomite; the SiO2 content of the diatomite is ≥60%; and the particle size of the diatomite is 1-100 microns.
[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the organic binder is polyethylene, a resin, or a protein solution.
[0015] As a more preferred embodiment, the resin is an epoxy resin or a phenolic resin.
[0016] As a more preferred embodiment, the protein liquid is egg white.
[0017] As a preferred embodiment, the inorganic binder is selected from one or two of kaolin, bentonite, wollastonite, glass powder, and quartz powder.
[0018] As a preferred embodiment, the inorganic binder has a size of 200-300 mesh.
[0019] The present application provides a method for preparing a perlite functional material, comprising the following steps:
[0020] (1) uniformly mixing the raw materials according to weight parts, and placing them in a mold to be pressed into a shaped body;
[0021] (2) drying the shaped body at a drying temperature of 20-200℃ for 1.5-60h;
[0022] (3) calcining the dried shaped body at a calcining temperature of 700-1250℃ for 30-60min;
[0023] (4) shaping, carving, or printing the calcined shaped body to obtain the perlite functional material.
[0024] As a preferred embodiment, in step (2), the drying temperature is 90-150℃.
[0025] As a preferred embodiment, in step (3), the calcining temperature is 950-1200℃.
[0026] The present application has the following advantages:
[0027] The higher the content of perlite, the lighter the product, and the better the filtering, heat-insulating, and fireproof properties. However, the content of perlite in the existing perlite material is generally less than 50%. The present application provides a perlite functional material, which is prepared by mixing, shaping, calcining, shaping, carving, or printing, etc. using perlite as the matrix and organic and inorganic binders. The functional material produced by the present application has a high content of perlite (60-80%), high compressive strength, light weight, fireproof, heat-insulating, natural, environmentally friendly, and safe advantages, and has the functions of sound insulation, sound absorption, filtration, and air humidity adjustment, etc. It can be used as a building material and a decorative material with the functions of light weight, heat-insulating, fireproof, and humidity adjustment, etc., and can be customized with personalized patterns according to user requirements.
[0028] The application provides a preparation method of perlite functional material, and has the advantages of simple preparation process, convenient use, SiO2 content of more than 60% in the prepared perlite functional material, porosity of more than 70%, compressive strength of 2-15 MPa, wide application range, large filtration flow, high precision, good effect, stable chemical property, high compression and corrosion resistance, and long service life. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] The application provides a perlite functional material, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
[0030] perlite 70-100 parts;
[0031] inorganic porous material 0-30 parts;
[0032] organic binder 0-30 parts;
[0033] inorganic binder 5-30 parts;
[0034] water 100 parts.
[0035] According to the application, the selection and proportioning of the perlite can be selected according to the permeability and particle size distribution of the final perlite functional material. For example, when the perlite with a particle size of 1-50 microns is used, the obtained functional material has the smallest permeability and the finest particle size distribution, and is suitable for small micropore filtration or a small thermal conductivity coefficient scene; when the perlite with a particle size of 50-150 microns is used, the obtained functional material has the largest permeability, the coarsest particle size distribution and a large thermal conductivity coefficient, and is suitable for large-pore products; when the perlite and the inorganic porous material are used in proportion, the obtained functional material has high porosity, a permeability of more than 60%, fast permeation and uniform particle size distribution, and is suitable for medium-pore products.
[0036] Preferably, the perlite is a calcined, expanded and crushed perlite powder, which is a commercially available product.
[0037] Preferably, the particle size of the perlite is 1-100 microns.
[0038] Preferably, the particle size of the perlite is 1-200 microns.
[0039] Preferably, the inorganic porous material is diatomite or carbon powder.
[0040] More preferably, the diatomite can be selected from one or two of diatomite raw soil, calcined diatomite and fluxed calcined diatomite. For example, the diatomite can be selected from diatomite raw soil, calcined diatomite or fluxed calcined diatomite, or a mixture of diatomite raw soil and calcined diatomite. When two kinds are selected, their proportioning is not limited.
[0041] The diatomite raw soil needs to be dried and air selected before use.
[0042] More preferably, the content of SiO2 in the diatomite is greater than or equal to 60%.
[0043] More preferably, the particle size of the diatomite is 1-100 microns.
[0044] Preferably, the organic binder is polyethylene, a resin or a protein solution.
[0045] More preferably, the polyethylene is a high-molecular-weight powder polyethylene.
[0046] More preferably, the resin is an epoxy resin or a phenolic resin.
[0047] More preferably, the protein solution is egg white.
[0048] Preferably, the inorganic binder is selected from one or two of kaolin, bentonite, wollastonite, glass powder and quartz powder.
[0049] Preferably, the size of the inorganic binder is 200-300 mesh.
[0050] The function of the perlite is to help the particles form pores and keep warm.
[0051] The function of the inorganic porous material is to help increase the porosity.
[0052] The function of the organic binder is to help the molding.
[0053] The function of the inorganic binder is to help the molding.
[0054] The function of the water is to help the molding and heat melting.
[0055] The present application provides a preparation method of a perlite functional material, which specifically comprises the following steps:
[0056] (1) The raw materials (perlite, inorganic porous material, organic binder, inorganic binder and water) are mixed uniformly according to the weight parts, and then put into a mold for compression molding to obtain a molded body. During the compression molding process, the mixed material can be put into the mold of an extrusion device or a pressure device for compression process, and finally a plate-shaped, disc-shaped or columnar molded body is obtained.
[0057] (2) The shaped body is placed into a drying chamber or drying kiln for drying treatment, the drying temperature is 20-200°C (preferably 90-150°C), and the drying time is 1.5-60h. The drying time can be set according to the volume of the shaped body, for example, when the shaped body is small (for example, 80-200mm in diameter or 80x80mm-200x200mm in lengthxwidth), the drying time is preferably 1.5-4h, more preferably 1.5-2.5h; and when the shaped body is large (for example, 240-500mm in diameter or 240x240mm-1000x1000mm in lengthxwidth), the drying time is preferably 30-60h, more preferably 25-50h.
[0058] (3) The dried shaped body is shaped and then placed into a calcining device for calcining, the calcining device is preferably a shuttle kiln or roller kiln, the calcining temperature is 700-1250°C (preferably 950-1200°C), and the calcining time is 30-60min. The calcining time can be set according to the volume of the shaped body, for example, when the shaped body is small (for example, 80-200mm in diameter or 80x80mm-200x200mm in lengthxwidth), the calcining time is preferably 30-40min; and when the shaped body is large (for example, 240-500mm in diameter or 240x240mm-1000x1000mm in lengthxwidth), the calcining time is preferably 60min.
[0059] (4) The calcined shaped body is shaped, engraved or printed to obtain the perlite functional material.
[0060] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.
[0061] Preparation of a perlite functional material
[0062] The raw materials (perlite 100 parts (particle size 1-50 microns), kaolin 10 parts (200 mesh) and water 100 parts) are mixed according to weight parts, and then placed into a mold of an extrusion device for pressing into a shaped body. The shaped body is placed into a drying chamber for drying treatment, the drying temperature is 20°C, and the drying time is 1.5h. The dried shaped body is shaped and then placed into a shuttle kiln for calcining, the calcining temperature is 700°C, and the calcining time is 30min. The calcined shaped body is shaped to obtain the perlite functional material.
[0063] Preparation of a perlite functional material
[0064] The raw materials (80 parts perlite (particle size 50-100 microns), 20 parts calcined diatomaceous earth (particle size 1-30 microns, SiO2 content 60%), 10 parts kaolin (200 mesh), 15 parts bentonite (200 mesh), and 100 parts water) were mixed uniformly by weight and pressed into a mold in an extruder to produce a disc-shaped molded body. The molded body was then placed in a drying chamber for drying at 90°C for 2.5 hours. The dried molded body was then shaped and calcined in a shuttle kiln at 950°C for 40 minutes. The calcined molded body was then carved to produce the perlite functional material.
[0065] Example 3 Preparation of a Perlite Functional Material
[0066] The raw materials (70 parts perlite (particle size 100-150 microns), 30 parts flux-calcined diatomaceous earth (particle size 30-50 microns, SiO2 content 70%), 10 parts polyethylene, 20 parts bentonite (300 mesh), and 100 parts water) were mixed uniformly by weight and pressed into a mold in an extruder to produce a columnar mold. The molded body was placed in a drying chamber for drying at 150°C for 25 hours. After drying, the molded body was shaped and calcined in a shuttle kiln at 1200°C for 60 minutes. The calcined molded body was then printed to produce the perlite functional material.
[0067] Example 4 Preparation of a Perlite Functional Material
[0068] The raw materials (70 parts perlite (particle size 150-200 microns), 30 parts flux-calcined diatomaceous earth (particle size 50-100 microns, SiO2 content 80%), 10 parts egg white, 15 parts glass powder (300 mesh), and 100 parts water) were mixed uniformly by weight and pressed into a mold in an extruder to produce a disc-shaped body. The body was then dried in a drying chamber at 200°C for 50 hours. After drying, the body was shaped and calcined in a shuttle kiln at 1250°C for 60 minutes. The calcined body was then carved to produce the perlite functional material.
[0069] Test example
[0070] The perlite functional materials obtained in Examples 1-4 were subjected to performance testing, including pore size (micrometers), porosity (%), and compressive strength (MPa). The performance testing methods were all based on existing techniques. The test results are shown in Table 1.
[0071] Table 1 Raw material composition of perlite functional material
[0072]
[0073] As shown in Table 1, in Example 1, 10 parts of kaolin and 100 parts of water are added to 100 parts of perlite without adding inorganic porous materials and organic binders, and thus the prepared perlite functional material has a material pore size of less than 0.1 micron, a porosity of 40%, the smallest permeability, and the finest particle size distribution, and is suitable for small micropore filtration or a small thermal conductivity coefficient.
[0074] In Example 2, 20 parts of calcined diatomite, 10 parts of kaolin, 15 parts of bentonite, and 100 parts of water are added to 80 parts of perlite without adding organic binders, and thus the prepared perlite functional material has a material pore size of 0.3-0.5 micron, a porosity of 50%, a large permeability, and a uniform particle size distribution, and is suitable for a medium porosity product.
[0075] In Example 3, 30 parts of flux calcined diatomite, 10 parts of polyethylene, 20 parts of bentonite, and 100 parts of water are added to 70 parts of perlite, and thus the prepared perlite functional material has a material pore size of 0.5-0.7 micron, a porosity of 60%, a large permeability, and a uniform particle size distribution, and is suitable for a medium porosity product.
[0076] In Example 4, 30 parts of flux calcined diatomite, 10 parts of egg white, 15 parts of glass powder, and 100 parts of water are added to 70 parts of perlite, and thus the prepared perlite functional material has a material pore size of 0.7-1 micron, a porosity of 70%, the largest permeability, and the coarsest particle size distribution, and is suitable for a large porosity product.
[0077] In addition, in terms of compressive strength, the compressive strength of the perlite functional material prepared in Example 1 is 2-5 MPa, the compressive strength of the perlite functional material prepared in Example 2 is 5-8 MPa, the compressive strength of the perlite functional material prepared in Example 3 is 8-10 MPa, and the compressive strength of the perlite functional material prepared in Example 4 is 10-15 MPa. Among them, the compressive strength of the perlite functional material prepared in Example 4 is the highest, and the compressive strength of the perlite functional material prepared in Example 1 is the lowest.
[0078] The invention discloses a perlite functional material and a preparation method thereof. Those skilled in the art can refer to the content of the present invention and appropriately improve the process parameters. It should be particularly pointed out that all similar substitutions and changes are obvious to those skilled in the art, and they are considered to be included in the invention. The product of the invention has been described by the preferred embodiment, and the relevant personnel can obviously change or appropriately change and combine the product described herein without departing from the content, spirit and scope of the invention, to realize and apply the technical invention.
Claims
1. A perlite functional material, characterized by, The following components are included according to weight parts: pearlite 70-100 parts; inorganic porous material 0-30 parts; organic binder 0-30 parts; inorganic binder 5-30 parts; water 100 parts.
2. A perlite functional material according to claim 1, characterized by The pearlite is a pearlite powder after calcination, expansion and crushing, and the particle size is 1-200 microns.
3. The perlite functional material of claim 1, wherein The inorganic porous material is diatomite or carbon powder; the diatomite is selected from one or two of diatomite raw soil, calcined diatomite and flux calcined diatomite; the SiO2 content of the diatomite is ≥60%; and the particle size of the diatomite is 1-100 microns.
4. The perlite functional material of claim 1, wherein The organic binder is polyethylene, resin or protein liquid.
5. A perlite functional material according to claim 4, characterized by The resin is epoxy resin or phenolic resin; and the protein liquid is egg white.
6. The perlite functional material of claim 1, wherein The inorganic binder is selected from one or two of kaolin, bentonite, wollastonite, glass powder and quartz powder.
7. The perlite functional material of claim 1, wherein The size of the inorganic binder is 200-300 mesh.
8. A method of producing a perlite functional material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The following steps are included: (1) uniformly mixing the raw materials according to weight parts, and putting into a mold for compression molding to obtain a molded body; (2) drying the molded body, the drying temperature is 20-200℃, and the drying time is 1.5-60h; (3) calcining the dried molded body, the calcining temperature is 700-1250℃, and the calcining time is 30-60min; (4) shaping, carving or printing the calcined molded body to obtain a pearlite functional material.
9. The method for preparing a pearlite functional material according to claim 8, wherein: In step (2), the drying temperature is 90-150℃.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the perlite functional material is prepared by the steps of: In step (3), the calcining temperature is 950-1200℃.