Intelligent leakage monitoring and safety pressure relief system for artificial lining chamber underground gas storage

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of renewable energy underground energy storage, and is used for realizing safe storage of gas storage, hydrogen storage, carbon dioxide storage and natural gas storage, and realizing fault alarm and risk removal. The present application is an artificial lining chamber underground gas storage intelligent leakage monitoring and safe pressure relief system, which comprises a pipe network module, a drainage / gas pipe network of the pipe network module, the drainage / gas pipe network being installed on a surrounding rock excavation surface and embedded in an initial support concrete layer, used for measuring water pressure and gas pressure in the pipe in real time and monitoring fluid pressure change, a confluence module, a pressure relief and discharge module used for conveying seepage water to the ground, and a smart monitoring module providing remote data access and management. The present application is mainly applied to design and manufacture of gas storage sites.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underground energy storage technology for renewable energy, and particularly relates to an intelligent leak monitoring and safety pressure relief system for an artificially lined underground gas storage facility with a horizontal tunnel structure. Specifically, it relates to an intelligent leak monitoring and safety pressure relief system for an artificially lined underground gas storage facility. Background Technology

[0002] With the global push for renewable energy and a low-carbon economy, energy storage technologies, especially compressed air storage, hydrogen storage, and carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS), have rapidly developed and become an important part of the energy industry. However, gas storage facilities, hydrogen storage facilities, and natural gas storage systems often face gas leakage problems during construction and operation. This not only reduces storage efficiency but may also cause significant harm to the environment and surrounding people. Therefore, developing a system capable of timely detecting and discharging leaked gases is essential to ensure the operational safety and environmental safety of energy storage facilities.

[0003] However, underground, fully artificially lined chamber gas storage facilities face the risk of gas leakage during construction and operation. During construction, the surrounding rock mass contains numerous fissures and pores, easily leading to water accumulation, increasing water pressure on the lining, and seeping in during concrete pouring. If not drained promptly, this can affect construction quality and progress. During operation, the integrity of the sealing layer can be affected by various factors, such as deformation of the surrounding rock and cracking of the lining, allowing gas to leak from the gaps between the sealing layer and the surrounding rock. Gas leakage not only reduces the storage efficiency of the gas storage facility but can also cause safety accidents, posing hazards to the surrounding environment and personnel.

[0004] In related research, the "blind drain method" is widely used in current engineering to address the problems of water seepage and gas leakage in underground fully artificial lined gas storage chambers. This involves setting up gravel-filled trenches between the lining and the surrounding rock to divert seepage. While this method can alleviate local water pressure, it has significant drawbacks: blind drains rely on gravity for natural drainage and cannot dynamically adjust to changes in water pressure, leading to cyclical high pressure on the lining and accelerating concrete fatigue cracking; blind drains are easily clogged by rock debris, requiring partial demolition of the lining for unclogging, resulting in high maintenance costs and reduced drainage efficiency after repair; furthermore, it is not very effective in quickly locating and handling gas leaks. These problems indicate that existing technologies are insufficient to meet the urgent needs of underground gas storage chambers for intelligent monitoring, rapid depressurization, and modular operation. An integrated system is urgently needed that can: sense water pressure and leaking gas in real time, accurately locate risk points, achieve automatic depressurization, use a distributed drainage / gas pipeline network, and ensure that failure of a local grid unit does not affect the overall system operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention aims to propose an intelligent leak monitoring and safety pressure relief system for horizontal tunnel-type artificially lined underground gas storage facilities, particularly suitable for gas storage, hydrogen storage, carbon dioxide storage, and natural gas storage. This system not only effectively removes excess seepage water and reduces surrounding rock pressure, but also rapidly guides leaked gas to the surface for discharge when gas leaks occur in the gas storage facility or other energy storage facilities, accurately locating the leak source and recording the leakage amount, thereby ensuring environmental safety and promoting the safe operation of new energy sources. Therefore, the technical solution adopted by this invention is an intelligent leak monitoring and safety pressure relief system for artificially lined underground gas storage facilities, comprising:

[0006] The pipeline module includes a drainage / gas pipeline network, which is installed on the excavated surface of the surrounding rock and embedded in the initial support concrete layer. It is used to collect and transport seepage water and leaked gas. The drainage / gas pipeline network is composed of pipes with screen holes forming a diamond-shaped mesh structure, which are connected by four-way fittings at the intersection nodes. Each intersection node is equipped with a pressure sensor to measure the water pressure and gas pressure in the pipeline in real time and monitor the changes in fluid pressure.

[0007] The manifold module includes a gas collecting pipe, a water collecting pipe, and a manifold: the gas collecting pipe is installed at the top of the longitudinal horizontal tunnel, with a diameter larger than the diameter of the drainage / gas pipeline network, and is connected to the drainage / gas pipeline network through the manifold to collect leaked gas; the water collecting pipe is installed at the bottom of the longitudinal horizontal tunnel, with a diameter also larger than the diameter of the drainage / gas pipeline network, and is used to collect seepage water; the manifold is installed along the cross-sectional wall of the tunnel and is connected to the drainage / gas pipeline network at predetermined intervals. Structurally, the manifold is located between the drainage / gas pipeline network and the water collecting pipe and gas collecting pipe, with a small hole inserted into the gas collecting pipe at the top and a small hole inserted into the water collecting pipe at the bottom, ensuring that leaked gas and seepage water can be introduced into the gas collecting pipe and the water collecting pipe respectively through the manifold;

[0008] The pressure relief and discharge module includes a gas guide pipe, a water guide pipe, an exhaust valve, a drain valve, a gas flow meter, and an early warning device. The gas guide pipe is connected to the gas collection pipe and is used to transport leaked gas to the ground. The exhaust valve automatically opens when the leaked gas pressure reaches a set threshold. The gas flow meter records the amount of leaked gas discharged and communicates with the monitoring system. The early warning device is linked to the exhaust valve, triggering a leak warning signal when the exhaust valve opens and sending alarm information to a remote monitoring terminal. The water guide pipe is connected to the water collection pipe and is used to transport seepage water to the ground. The drain valve opens during construction or maintenance periods to assist a water pump in draining seepage water.

[0009] The intelligent monitoring module includes pressure sensors, a data processing and control unit, a data storage and communication unit, and an early warning device. The drainage / gas pipeline network is divided into modular structures. Pressure sensors at each intersection of the drainage / gas pipeline network between two manifolds constitute independent monitoring modules, collecting real-time fluid and gas pressure data within the pipelines. The data processing and control unit, based on a modular analysis method, performs linked analysis of pressure time-series data to determine abnormal pressure changes, identify leak areas, and control the opening of the exhaust valves for pressure relief. The data storage and communication unit records historical leak monitoring data and connects to a cloud database to achieve long-term trend analysis and risk warning, while also providing remote data access and management. The early warning device receives leak alarm information from the data processing and control unit, triggers audible and visual alarm signals, and pushes alarm information to a remote monitoring terminal.

[0010] The pipeline module is also equipped with a time-domain reflectometer (TDR), data cable, and data acquisition device. In the horizontal cylindrical chamber structure, pressure sensors are evenly distributed circumferentially at preset angles, and a monitoring section is set in the axial direction at preset distances to form a three-dimensional monitoring network with equal spacing. The TDR is placed outside the manifold, close to the pressure sensor position. The TDR is used in conjunction with the drainage / gas pipeline and the manifold to assist in judging leakage or structural abnormalities: the TDR emits pulse electrical signals to the monitoring cable connected to it, which propagate along the line. When the pipeline, manifold, or data cable is damaged, deformed, or leaks, a reflected signal will be generated at the abnormal point. The TDR detects the reflected wave and analyzes the waveform and delay time to estimate the distance of the abnormal location.

[0011] The data cable guides the data cables of the TDR and pressure sensor of multiple monitoring nodes to the data acquisition device at the top of the tunnel, and then transmits the data to the data processing and control unit.

[0012] In the data processing and control unit, the cross-correlation algorithm is used to locate the leak point.

[0013] The localization process implemented by the Cross-Correlation algorithm is as follows:

[0014] The time delay τ between the injection pressure x(t) and the pressure sensor signal y(t) is determined by the cross-correlation function: Rxy(τ)=∫x(t)y(t+τ)dt;

[0015] Four pressure sensors with the shortest delay time were selected, and a local sensor grid was constructed in a three-dimensional coordinate system based on their spatial distribution.

[0016] The features and beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0017] This invention provides an intelligent leak monitoring and safety pressure relief system for horizontal tunnel-type artificially lined underground gas storage facilities, particularly suitable for gas storage, hydrogen storage, carbon dioxide storage, and natural gas storage. This system not only effectively removes excess seepage water and reduces surrounding rock pressure, but also rapidly guides leaked gas to the surface for discharge when gas leaks occur in gas storage facilities and other energy storage facilities. It accurately locates the leak source and records the leakage amount, thereby ensuring environmental safety and promoting the safe operation of new energy sources.

[0018] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes an intelligent leak monitoring and safety depressurization system for a horizontal tunnel-type artificially lined underground gas storage facility, comprising:

[0019] The pipeline module includes a drainage / gas pipeline network, which is installed on the excavated surface of the surrounding rock and embedded in the initial support concrete layer. It is used to collect and transport seepage water and leaked gas. The drainage / gas pipeline network is composed of pipes with screen holes forming a diamond-shaped mesh structure, which are connected by four-way fittings at the intersection nodes. Each intersection node is equipped with a pressure sensor to measure the water pressure and gas pressure in the pipeline in real time and monitor the changes in fluid pressure.

[0020] The manifold module includes a gas collecting pipe, a water collecting pipe, and a manifold: the gas collecting pipe is installed at the top of the longitudinal horizontal tunnel, with a diameter larger than the diameter of the drainage / gas pipeline network, and is connected to the drainage / gas pipeline network through the manifold to collect leaked gas; the water collecting pipe is installed at the bottom of the longitudinal horizontal tunnel, with a diameter also larger than the diameter of the drainage / gas pipeline network, and is used to collect seepage water; the manifold is installed along the cross-sectional wall of the tunnel and is connected to the drainage / gas pipeline network at predetermined intervals. The upper part of the manifold is connected to the gas collecting pipe, and the lower part is connected to the water collecting pipe, for collecting leaked gas and seepage water in the drainage / gas pipeline network and transporting them to the gas collecting pipe and the water collecting pipe;

[0021] The pressure relief and discharge module includes a gas guide pipe, a water guide pipe, an exhaust valve, a drain valve, a gas flow meter, and an early warning device. The gas guide pipe is connected to the gas collection pipe and is used to transport leaked gas to the ground. The exhaust valve automatically opens when the leaked gas pressure reaches a set threshold. The gas flow meter records the amount of leaked gas discharged and communicates with the monitoring system. The early warning device is linked to the exhaust valve, triggering a leak warning signal when the exhaust valve opens and sending alarm information to a remote monitoring terminal. The water guide pipe is connected to the water collection pipe and is used to transport seepage water to the ground. The drain valve opens during construction or maintenance periods to assist a water pump in draining seepage water.

[0022] The intelligent monitoring module includes pressure sensors, a data processing and control unit, a data storage and communication unit, and an early warning device. The drainage / gas pipeline network is divided into modular sections. Pressure sensors at each intersection of the drainage / gas pipeline network between two manifolds constitute independent monitoring modules, collecting real-time fluid pressure data within the pipeline. The data processing and control unit, based on a modular analysis method, performs linked analysis of pressure time-series data to determine abnormal pressure changes, identify leak areas, and control the opening of the exhaust valves for pressure relief. The data storage and communication unit records historical leak monitoring data and connects to a cloud database to achieve long-term trend analysis and risk warning, while also providing remote data access and management. The early warning device receives leak alarm information from the data processing and control unit, triggers audible and visual alarm signals, and pushes alarm information to a remote monitoring terminal. Attached image description:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of an intelligent leak monitoring and safety pressure relief system for a horizontal tunnel-type artificially lined underground gas storage facility.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of the intelligent leak monitoring and safety pressure relief system for a horizontal tunnel-type artificially lined underground gas storage facility.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of an intelligent leak monitoring and safety pressure relief system for a horizontal tunnel-type artificially lined underground gas storage facility.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the drainage / gas pipeline network.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Surrounding rock; 2-1. Drainage / gas pipeline network; 2-2. Manifold; 2-3. Gas collection pipe; 2-4. Gas guide pipe; 2-5. Exhaust valve; 2-6. Flow meter; 2-7. Water collection pipe; 2-8. Water guide pipe; 2-9. Drainage valve; 2-10. Water pump; 2-11. Four-way valve; 2-12. Pressure sensor; 2-13. TDR; 2-14. Data cable conduit; 3. Initial support; 4. Secondary lining (reinforced concrete); 5. Sealing layer; 6. Tunnels. Detailed Implementation

[0028] This invention provides an intelligent leak monitoring and safety pressure relief system for horizontal tunnel-type artificially lined underground gas storage facilities, particularly suitable for gas storage, hydrogen storage, carbon dioxide storage, and natural gas storage. This system not only effectively removes excess seepage water and reduces surrounding rock pressure, but also rapidly guides leaked gas to the surface for discharge when gas leaks occur in gas storage facilities and other energy storage facilities. It accurately locates the leak source and records the leakage amount, thereby ensuring environmental safety and promoting the safe operation of new energy sources.

[0029] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes an intelligent leak monitoring and safety depressurization system for a horizontal tunnel-type artificially lined underground gas storage facility, comprising:

[0030] The pipeline module includes a drainage / gas pipeline network, which is installed on the excavated surface of the surrounding rock and embedded in the initial support concrete layer. It is used to collect and transport seepage water and leaked gas. The drainage / gas pipeline network is composed of pipes with screen holes forming a diamond-shaped mesh structure, which are connected by four-way fittings at the intersection nodes. Each intersection node is equipped with a pressure sensor to measure the water pressure and gas pressure in the pipeline in real time and monitor the changes in fluid pressure.

[0031] The manifold module includes a gas collecting pipe, a water collecting pipe, and a manifold: the gas collecting pipe is installed at the top of the longitudinal horizontal tunnel, with a diameter larger than the diameter of the drainage / gas pipeline network, and is connected to the drainage / gas pipeline network through the manifold to collect leaked gas; the water collecting pipe is installed at the bottom of the longitudinal horizontal tunnel, with a diameter also larger than the diameter of the drainage / gas pipeline network, and is used to collect seepage water; the manifold is installed along the cross-sectional wall of the tunnel and is connected to the drainage / gas pipeline network at predetermined intervals. Structurally, the manifold is located between the drainage / gas pipeline network and the water collecting pipe and gas collecting pipe, with a small hole inserted into the gas collecting pipe at the top and a small hole inserted into the water collecting pipe at the bottom, ensuring that leaked gas and seepage water can be introduced into the gas collecting pipe and the water collecting pipe respectively through the manifold;

[0032] The pressure relief and discharge module includes a gas guide pipe, a water guide pipe, an exhaust valve, a drain valve, a gas flow meter, and an early warning device. The gas guide pipe is connected to the gas collection pipe and is used to transport leaked gas to the ground. The exhaust valve automatically opens when the leaked gas pressure reaches a set threshold. The gas flow meter records the amount of leaked gas discharged and communicates with the monitoring system. The early warning device is linked to the exhaust valve, triggering a leak warning signal when the exhaust valve opens and sending alarm information to a remote monitoring terminal. The water guide pipe is connected to the water collection pipe and is used to transport seepage water to the ground. The drain valve opens during construction or maintenance periods to assist a water pump in draining seepage water.

[0033] The intelligent monitoring module includes pressure sensors, a data processing and control unit, a data storage and communication unit, and an early warning device. The drainage / gas pipeline network is divided into modular structures. Pressure sensors at each intersection of the drainage / gas pipeline network between two manifolds constitute independent monitoring modules, collecting real-time fluid and gas pressure data within the pipelines. The data processing and control unit, based on a modular analysis method, performs linked analysis of pressure time-series data to determine abnormal pressure changes, identify leak areas, and control the opening of the exhaust valves for pressure relief. The data storage and communication unit records historical leak monitoring data and connects to a cloud database to achieve long-term trend analysis and risk warning, while also providing remote data access and management. The early warning device receives leak alarm information from the data processing and control unit, triggers audible and visual alarm signals, and pushes alarm information to a remote monitoring terminal.

[0034] The pipeline module is also equipped with a time-domain reflectometer (TDR), data cable, and data acquisition device. In the horizontal cylindrical chamber structure, pressure sensors are evenly distributed circumferentially at preset angles, and a monitoring section is set in the axial direction at preset distances to form a three-dimensional monitoring network with equal spacing. The TDR is placed outside the manifold, close to the pressure sensor position. The TDR is used in conjunction with the drainage / gas pipeline and the manifold to assist in judging leakage or structural abnormalities: the TDR emits pulse electrical signals to the monitoring cable connected to it, which propagate along the line. When the pipeline, manifold, or data cable is damaged, deformed, or leaks, a reflected signal will be generated at the abnormal point. The TDR detects the reflected wave and analyzes the waveform and delay time to estimate the distance of the abnormal location.

[0035] The data cable guides the data cables of the TDR and pressure sensor of multiple monitoring nodes to the data acquisition device at the top of the tunnel, and then transmits the data to the data processing and control unit.

[0036] In the data processing and control unit, the cross-correlation algorithm is used to locate the leak point.

[0037] The localization process implemented by the Cross-Correlation algorithm is as follows:

[0038] The time delay τ between the injection pressure x(t) and the pressure sensor signal y(t) is determined by the cross-correlation function: Rxy(τ)=∫x(t)y(t+τ)dt;

[0039] Four pressure sensors with the shortest delay time were selected, and a local sensor grid was constructed in a three-dimensional coordinate system based on their spatial distribution.

[0040] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] It should be particularly noted that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings only show the parts related to the present invention.

[0042] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the present invention discloses an intelligent leakage monitoring and safety pressure relief system for an underground gas storage facility in a horizontal tunnel-type artificially lined chamber. The system includes a drainage / gas pipeline network 2-1 fitted inside the surrounding rock 1. An initial support 3 is provided inside the drainage / gas pipeline network 2-1. A secondary lining (reinforced concrete) 4 is provided inside the initial support 3. A sealing layer 5 is provided inside the secondary lining (reinforced concrete) 4. The sealing layer 5 encloses the chamber 6.

[0043] Specifically, the drainage / gas pipeline network 2-1 is arranged along the surrounding rock 1 in a diamond-shaped network, with each diamond having an included angle of 60° and two adjacent sides of each diamond being 4m apart, covering the initial support 3.

[0044] Specifically, the intersections of the drainage / gas pipeline network 2-1 are connected by four-way connectors 2-11. Pressure sensors 2-12 are arranged at intersections (four-way connectors 2-11) every 1 / 8 of a circumference (i.e., every 45°) in the manifold 2-2 to construct a monitoring network with fixed spatial resolution. The TDR 2-13 is arranged outside the manifold 2-2, immediately adjacent to the pressure sensor 2-12. The drainage / gas pipeline network 2-1 is distributed and evenly arranged inside the surrounding rock 1. Figures 1-4 The diagram shows two drainage / gas pipe networks. Each network has drainage / gas pipes on both sides connected to manifold 2-2. The upper end of each manifold 2-2 is inserted into a small hole on the gas collecting pipe 2-3, and the lower end is inserted into a small hole on the water collecting pipe 2-7. The outlet of the gas collecting pipe 2-3 is connected to the gas guide pipe 2-4, and the outlet of the gas guide pipe 2-4 is connected to an exhaust valve 2-5 and a flow meter 2-6. The flow meter 2-6 is positioned above the exhaust valve 2-5, and its outlet extends to the ground. The outlet of the water collecting pipe 2-7 is connected to a water guide pipe 2-8, and the outlet of the water guide pipe 2-8 is equipped with a drainage valve 2-9. The outlet of the drainage valve 2-9 is connected to a water pump 2-10, and its outlet extends to the ground.

[0045] Compared with traditional drainage systems, this invention uses a diamond-shaped drainage / gas pipe network, which not only saves on additional rock excavation and support but also improves economic efficiency. Pressure sensors 2-12 are installed at intersections (four-way 2-11 positions) every 1 / 8 of a circumference (i.e., every 45°) in the manifold 2-2 to construct a monitoring network with fixed spatial resolution. The TDR 2-13 is installed outside the manifold 2-2, immediately adjacent to the pressure sensors 2-12. Both simultaneously monitor the data inside the drainage / gas pipe network 2-1 in real time, quickly identify leaks and locate the leak source, and transmit the data to the computer via data cable 2-14.

[0046] The data conduit 2-14 is a perforated tube structure installed inside the surrounding rock 1, laid out along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and connected to each monitoring device. It is used to accommodate and protect the communication cables and data lines of the TDR (Time Domain Reflectometer) 2-13 and the pressure sensor 2-12.

[0047] The data cable 2-14 guides the data cables of multiple monitoring nodes (including TDR, pressure sensors, etc.) to the data acquisition device at the top of the tunnel, realizing centralized data acquisition and transmission. The data is then converted into digital signals and transmitted to a host computer or remote control terminal (such as a computer) for data storage, analysis and remote early warning.

[0048] In this invention, the TDR (Time Domain Reflectometer) 2-13 is used in conjunction with drainage / gas pipe networks and manifolds to assist in the judgment of leaks or structural anomalies. The TDR transmits pulse electrical signals to the monitoring cables it is connected to, which propagate along the line. When the pipe network, manifold, or data line is damaged, deformed, or leaks, a reflected signal will be generated at the abnormal point. The TDR detects the reflected wave and analyzes the waveform and delay time, thereby estimating the distance to the abnormal location.

[0049] By installing independent data cable conduits 2-14 embedded in the surrounding rock, construction interference and physical damage caused by exposed data cables can be effectively avoided, improving system stability and layout standardization, and facilitating modular expansion and maintenance. This also enhances intelligent monitoring capabilities. Furthermore, the drainage / gas pipeline network 2-1 is distributed, so a failure in one area will not affect other areas, improving maintenance efficiency and convenience.

[0050] During the construction or maintenance phase of the underground gas storage facility, the gas pressure inside the chamber is close to the local standard atmospheric pressure, but much lower than the groundwater pressure. At this time, the secondary lining (reinforced concrete) 4 and the sealing layer 5 will be subjected to significant water pressure. To mitigate the impact of water pressure on the initial support 3 and prevent deformation and damage, the system will close the exhaust valve 2-5, open the drainage valve 2-9, and start the water pump 2-10 to pump out seepage water from the drainage / gas pipeline network 2-1, thereby reducing the impact of water flow on the initial support 3.

[0051] When the underground gas storage facility enters operation, the gas pressure inside the chamber will increase. In the event of a gas leak, the leaked gas will diffuse through the drainage / gas pipeline network 2-1 to the manifold 2-2. The manifold 2-2 collects the leaked gas from various areas and transports it to the gas guide pipe 2-4 via the gas collection pipe 2-3. The gas guide pipe 2-4 then discharges the gas to the surface through the exhaust valve 2-5, reducing the risk. The total amount of leaked gas is recorded by the flow meter 2-6, and the pressure sensor 2-12 provides real-time leak location information, ensuring timely remedial action.

[0052] This invention relates to an intelligent leak detection and safety pressure relief system for underground fully artificial lined gas storage chambers. This system integrates intelligent monitoring, automatic pressure relief, and distributed maintenance, possessing dual functions: Firstly, it manages groundwater flow through perforated pipes during construction, inspection, maintenance, or downtime, thereby reducing the hydrostatic pressure on the lining and preventing water seepage during concrete pouring. Secondly, when a gas leak occurs, pressure sensors deployed on the drainage / gas pipeline network, as part of the safety monitoring system, can quickly detect and locate the leak, and the gas duct promptly discharges the collected high-pressure gas, ensuring the safety of the chamber.

[0053] The above embodiments are only one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. For the technical solutions of the present invention, any reasonable changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations or simplifications made to the specific embodiments without departing from the core ideas and basic principles of the present invention should be regarded as equivalent embodiments and included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0054] It should be noted that, although in the specific embodiment, pressure sensors are deployed at intersections (four-way positions) every 1 / 8 of a circumference (i.e., every 45°) in the manifold to construct a monitoring network with fixed spatial resolution, the scope of protection of this invention is not limited to the specific deployment method described above. The sensor deployment can be flexibly adjusted according to actual engineering needs. For example, sensors can be deployed at some intersections, or the sensor deployment density can be appropriately increased in key areas to achieve the optimal balance between performance and cost.

[0055] The core technology of this invention lies in: relying on the spatial structure formed by drainage / gas pipelines, using their intersections as the basis for sensor installation, forming a spatial monitoring network with controllable resolution, and combining it with time-series delay analysis methods to achieve leak location. Regardless of the specific deployment method of the sensors in the pipeline network, any monitoring system built based on this "drainage / gas pipeline network + node deployment + pressure delay analysis" technical concept falls within the protection scope of this invention.

[0056] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent leak monitoring and safety depressurization system for an artificially lined underground gas storage chamber, characterized in that, include: The pipeline module includes a drainage / gas pipeline network, which is installed on the excavated surface of the surrounding rock and embedded in the initial support concrete layer. It is used to collect and transport seepage water and leaked gas. The drainage / gas pipeline network is composed of pipes with screen holes forming a diamond-shaped mesh structure, which are connected by four-way fittings at the intersection nodes. Each intersection node is equipped with a pressure sensor to measure the water pressure and gas pressure in the pipeline in real time and monitor the changes in fluid pressure. The pipeline module is also equipped with a time-domain reflectometer (TDR), data cable, and data acquisition device. In the horizontal cylindrical chamber structure, pressure sensors are evenly distributed circumferentially at preset angles, and a monitoring section is set in the axial direction at preset distances to form a three-dimensional monitoring network with equal spacing. The TDR is placed outside the manifold, close to the pressure sensor position. The TDR is used in conjunction with the drainage / gas pipeline and the manifold to assist in judging leakage or structural abnormalities: The TDR emits pulse electrical signals to the monitoring cable connected to it, which propagate along the line. When the pipeline, manifold, or data cable is damaged, deformed, or leaks, a reflected signal will be generated at the abnormal point. The TDR detects the reflected wave and analyzes the waveform and delay time to estimate the distance of the abnormal location. The manifold module includes a gas collecting pipe, a water collecting pipe, and a manifold: the gas collecting pipe is installed at the top of the longitudinal horizontal tunnel, with a diameter larger than the diameter of the drainage / gas pipeline network, and is connected to the drainage / gas pipeline network through the manifold to collect leaked gas; the water collecting pipe is installed at the bottom of the longitudinal horizontal tunnel, with a diameter also larger than the diameter of the drainage / gas pipeline network, and is used to collect seepage water; the manifold is installed along the cross-sectional wall of the tunnel and is connected to the drainage / gas pipeline network at predetermined intervals. Structurally, the manifold is located between the drainage / gas pipeline network and the water collecting pipe and gas collecting pipe, with a small hole inserted into the gas collecting pipe at the top and a small hole inserted into the water collecting pipe at the bottom, ensuring that leaked gas and seepage water can be introduced into the gas collecting pipe and the water collecting pipe respectively through the manifold; The pressure relief and discharge module includes a gas guide pipe, a water guide pipe, an exhaust valve, a drain valve, a gas flow meter, and an early warning device. The gas guide pipe is connected to the gas collection pipe and is used to transport leaked gas to the ground. The exhaust valve automatically opens when the leaked gas pressure reaches a set threshold. The gas flow meter records the amount of leaked gas discharged and communicates with the monitoring system. The early warning device of the pressure relief and discharge module is linked to the exhaust valve, triggering a leak warning signal when the exhaust valve opens and sending the alarm information to a remote monitoring terminal. The water guide pipe is connected to the water collection pipe and is used to transport seepage water to the ground. The drain valve opens during construction or maintenance periods to assist a water pump in draining seepage water. The intelligent monitoring module includes pressure sensors, a data processing and control unit, a data storage and communication unit, and an early warning device. The drainage / gas pipeline network is divided into modular structures. Pressure sensors at each intersection of the drainage / gas pipeline network between two manifolds constitute independent monitoring modules, collecting real-time fluid and gas pressure data within the pipelines. The data processing and control unit, based on a modular analysis method, performs linked analysis of pressure time-series data to determine abnormal pressure changes, identify leak areas, and control the opening of the exhaust valves for pressure relief. The data storage and communication unit records historical leak monitoring data and connects to a cloud database to achieve long-term trend analysis and risk warning, while also providing remote data access and management. The intelligent monitoring module's early warning device receives leak alarm information from the data processing and control unit, triggers audible and visual alarm signals, and pushes the alarm information to a remote monitoring terminal.

2. The intelligent leak monitoring and safety depressurization system for artificially lined underground gas storage chambers as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The data cable guides the data cables of the TDR and pressure sensor of multiple monitoring nodes to the data acquisition device at the top of the tunnel, and then transmits the data to the data processing and control unit. In the data processing and control unit, the cross-correlation algorithm is used to locate the leak point.

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