Thermal runaway gas treatment device, method and system for ship power battery

Abstract

The invention provides a thermal runaway gas treatment device, method and system for a ship power battery. The device comprises a first-stage negative pressure generation module, a second-stage gas-solid separation module and a third-stage seawater reaction module, a compressed air supply device in the first-stage negative pressure generation module is used for generating and guiding compressed air to pass through a Venturi tube array, and the Venturi tube array is used for extracting thermal runaway gas in a battery cabin by taking the compressed air as a driving source; a cyclone separator in the second-stage gas-solid separation module is used for separating a gas-phase component and a solid-phase component in the thermal runaway gas; gas-liquid mixing equipment in the third-stage seawater reaction module is used for mixing separated gas-phase components with seawater to form gas-liquid mixed fluid; and the filtering equipment is used for discharging the gas-liquid mixed fluid into seawater after performing multi-layer filtering on the gas-liquid mixed fluid. According to the ship power battery thermal runaway scene, rapid guiding and discharging and harmless treatment of combustible gas are achieved, and the beneficial effects of being rapid in response, environmentally friendly, high in environmental adaptability and the like are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of marine safety technology and relates to a device, method and system for handling thermal runaway gas in marine power batteries. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy-powered ships, lithium-ion batteries have become the core power source for ship propulsion systems due to their high energy density and excellent energy efficiency. However, with the large-scale application of lithium-ion batteries, the risk of thermal runaway has also increased significantly. The ship operating environment is complex and variable. Once thermal runaway occurs, it can not only cause fires or explosions, but also release large amounts of toxic and harmful gases, seriously threatening the safety of crew members and the marine ecological environment.

[0003] In existing technologies, the thermal runaway problem of marine power batteries is typically addressed using a top-mounted one-way pressure relief structure. However, this approach has several drawbacks. First, the negative pressure build-up is slow, making it difficult to guide and expel gases in time before an explosion occurs, thus failing to effectively reduce the internal pressure of the battery and increasing the risk of explosion. Second, this structure lacks an exhaust gas purification process, and the gases emitted during pressure relief may contain harmful substances, failing to meet stringent environmental protection requirements and potentially polluting the marine and atmospheric environments. Furthermore, during complex operating conditions such as severe rolling, there is a risk of seawater backflow, which not only affects the normal operation of the battery but may also further exacerbate its damage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a device, method and system for handling thermal runaway gas in marine power batteries, which solves the technical problem that the prior art cannot handle the generated combustible gas in a timely and effective manner when thermal runaway occurs.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a thermal runaway gas handling device for marine power batteries, comprising:

[0006] A primary negative pressure generation module includes a compressed air supply device and a venturi array; the compressed air supply device is connected to the throat inlet of the venturi array and is used to generate and guide compressed air through the venturi array; the main air supply pipe of the venturi array is connected to the battery compartment, and the venturi array is used to extract thermal runaway gas in the battery compartment using compressed air as a driving source.

[0007] The secondary gas-solid separation module includes a cyclone separator; the inlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the main output pipe of the venturi array, and is used to separate the gas phase component and solid phase component in the thermal runaway gas; the top of the cyclone separator is provided with a gas phase outlet and the bottom is provided with a solid phase outlet;

[0008] The three-stage seawater reaction module includes a gas-liquid mixing device and a filtration device; the gas-liquid mixing device is connected to the gas phase outlet and is used to mix the separated gas phase components with seawater to form a gas-liquid mixed fluid; the filtration device is located downstream of the gas-liquid mixing device and is used to filter the gas-liquid mixed fluid through multiple layers before discharging it into the seawater.

[0009] In one implementation of the first aspect, the primary negative pressure generating module further includes a first exhaust pipe and a rupture membrane; the inlet end of the first exhaust pipe is connected to the battery compartment, and the outlet end is connected to the inlet end of the Venturi tube array, for conveying thermal runaway gas in the battery compartment to the Venturi tube array; the rupture membrane is a composite membrane made of polyethylene terephthalate, disposed at the connection between the first exhaust pipe and the battery compartment, for rupturing and releasing pressure when thermal runaway occurs in the battery compartment.

[0010] In one implementation of the first aspect, the secondary gas-solid separation module further includes a second exhaust pipe, a high-voltage electrostatic plate, and a solid particle collection box; the inlet end of the second exhaust pipe is connected to the gas phase outlet, and the outlet end is connected to the high-voltage electrostatic plate, for conveying the gas phase components separated by the cyclone separator to the high-voltage electrostatic plate; the high-voltage electrostatic plate is used to filter out aerosol particles in the gas phase components through electrostatic adsorption effect; the solid particle collection box is located at the bottom of the cyclone separator and communicates with the solid phase outlet, for collecting the separated solid phase components.

[0011] In one implementation of the first aspect, the gas-liquid mixing device includes a vortex diversion chamber, a guide anti-corner chamber, and a seawater diversion pipe;

[0012] The vortex flow divider is equipped with a swirl vane; the swirl vane is used to generate a vortex that fully mixes the gas phase components in the gas-liquid mixture with seawater.

[0013] The guide anti-corner cavity is connected to the vortex diversion cavity and is equipped with a guide component inside; the guide component is used to change the flow direction of the gas-liquid mixture and form multiple flow paths to prolong the gas-liquid contact time.

[0014] The inlet end of the seawater diversion pipe is connected to an external seawater source, and the outlet end is connected to the vortex diversion cavity, which is used to introduce seawater mixed with the gas phase components into the vortex diversion cavity.

[0015] In one implementation of the first aspect, the three-stage seawater reaction module further includes a porous nozzle, a first check valve, and a second check valve; the input end of the porous nozzle is connected to the high-voltage electrostatic plate, and the output end is connected to the gas-liquid mixing device, for spraying the gas phase components adsorbed by the high-voltage electrostatic plate into the gas-liquid mixing device; the first check valve is fixedly installed between the porous nozzle and the gas-liquid mixing device; the second check valve is fixedly installed at the bottom of the filtration device.

[0016] In one implementation of the first aspect, sensors and a control module are also included;

[0017] The sensor is located inside the battery compartment and is used to monitor the thermal runaway characteristic parameters of the battery compartment in real time. The thermal runaway characteristic parameters include the temperature inside the battery compartment, the concentration of combustible gas, and the voltage drop of the individual battery cells.

[0018] The control module is electrically connected to the sensor and is used to determine whether the temperature and the concentration of combustible gas in the battery compartment are both lower than preset values; if so, the basic ventilation mode is activated; otherwise, the enhanced ventilation mode is activated; the negative pressure value corresponding to the basic ventilation mode is lower than that of the enhanced ventilation mode.

[0019] In one implementation of the first aspect, the control module is electrically connected to the compressed air supply device and is used to adaptively adjust the driving air pressure generated by the compressed air supply device using a fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm so that the throat of the venturi array reaches a preset negative pressure level.

[0020] Secondly, this application provides a method for handling thermal runaway gases in marine power batteries, comprising:

[0021] Cause the thermal runaway gas handling device for marine power batteries described in any of the above-mentioned items to enter the thermal runaway alarm state;

[0022] In the state of thermal runaway alarm, the primary negative pressure generation module, the secondary gas-solid separation module, and the tertiary seawater reaction module in the device are simultaneously activated; wherein:

[0023] The primary negative pressure generation module generates and guides compressed air through the venturi tube array via the compressed air supply equipment; the venturi tube array uses compressed air as a driving source to extract thermal runaway gas from the battery compartment.

[0024] The secondary gas-solid separation module separates the gas phase and solid phase components in the thermal runaway gas using a cyclone separator.

[0025] The three-stage seawater reaction module mixes the separated gaseous components with seawater through a gas-liquid mixing device to form a gas-liquid mixed fluid, and then discharges the gas-liquid mixed fluid into the seawater after multi-layer filtration through a filtration device.

[0026] In one implementation of the second aspect, before the device enters the thermal runaway alarm state, it further includes:

[0027] The device is brought into an initial standby state;

[0028] In the initial standby state, the thermal runaway characteristic parameters of the battery compartment are monitored in real time using sensors in the device; the thermal runaway characteristic parameters include the temperature inside the battery compartment, the concentration of combustible gas, and the voltage drop of individual battery cells;

[0029] Determine whether any of the thermal runaway characteristic parameters is greater than a preset value;

[0030] If so, the device is switched to the thermal runaway alarm state; otherwise, the device is reset to the initial standby state.

[0031] Thirdly, this application provides a thermal runaway gas handling system for marine power batteries, comprising:

[0032] The hull, wherein the ship's side bottom is provided with a seawater reaction channel;

[0033] The battery compartment is located inside the hull, and multiple battery cells are arranged inside the battery compartment. Airflow channels are provided on the side walls.

[0034] The thermal runaway gas treatment device for a ship's power battery according to any of the above is located inside the hull, connected to the battery compartment via the airflow channel, and connected to seawater outside the compartment via the seawater reaction channel.

[0035] As described above, the thermal runaway gas handling device, method, and system for marine power batteries described in this application have the following beneficial effects:

[0036] (1) When thermal runaway occurs, it can be quickly started and efficiently treated to effectively contain the spread of risk;

[0037] (2) Through multi-stage purification technologies such as cyclone separation, static electrode plate adsorption, gas-liquid mixing reaction and biological filter layer filtration, the exhaust gas is ensured to meet environmental protection standards and avoids secondary pollution to the external environment.

[0038] (3) It can adapt to complex operating conditions such as ship rolling and turbulence, provide all-weather safety protection for power batteries, and meet the safety protection requirements under extreme working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of one embodiment of the thermal runaway gas handling device for marine power batteries described in this application.

[0040] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of another embodiment of the thermal runaway gas handling device for marine power batteries described in this application.

[0041] Figure 3a The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the Venturi array described in this application in one embodiment.

[0042] Figure 3b The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the Venturi array described in this application in another embodiment.

[0043] Figure 4 The flowchart shown is an embodiment of the thermal runaway gas treatment method for marine power batteries described in this application.

[0044] Figure 5 The flowchart shown is a flowchart of another embodiment of the thermal runaway gas treatment method for marine power batteries described in this application.

[0045] Figure 6 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of one embodiment of the thermal runaway gas handling system for marine power batteries described in this application.

[0046] Component designation explanation

[0047] 10. Level 1 Negative Pressure Generation Module

[0048] 11 Venturi array

[0049] 111 Venturi array main gas supply pipe

[0050] 112 Venturi tube array main output channel

[0051] 12 First exhaust pipe

[0052] 13 Explosive membrane

[0053] 20 Secondary gas-solid separation module

[0054] 21 Cyclone Separator

[0055] 22 Second exhaust pipe

[0056] 23 High-voltage electrostatic plate

[0057] 24 Solid Particle Collection Box

[0058] 30 Three-stage seawater reaction module

[0059] 31 Gas-liquid mixing equipment

[0060] 311 Vortex splitter cavity

[0061] 312 Guided Reverse Corner Cavity

[0062] 313 Seawater Drainage Pipe

[0063] 32 Filtration Equipment

[0064] 33 Multi-hole nozzle

[0065] 34 First check valve

[0066] 35 Second check valve

[0067] 100 hull

[0068] 200 Battery Compartments

[0069] 300 Thermal runaway gas handling device for marine power batteries Detailed Implementation

[0070] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. This application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this application. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0071] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of this application. Therefore, the drawings only show the components related to this application and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0072] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this application is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only on the basis of being achievable by those skilled in the art. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0073] The following embodiments of this application provide a device, method and system for handling thermal runaway gas in marine power batteries. For the thermal runaway scenario of marine power batteries, it realizes the rapid discharge and harmless treatment of combustible gases, and has the advantages of rapid response, environmental purification and strong environmental adaptability.

[0074] Thermal runaway refers to the phenomenon in which a lithium-ion battery, under abnormal conditions such as overheating, overcharging, or mechanical damage, undergoes a chain reaction of exothermic reactions, leading to a rapid rise in temperature and the release of large amounts of flammable and toxic gases (such as CO, HF, and CH4). If not controlled in time, thermal runaway can cause explosions or fires, especially in the confined spaces of ships, where the consequences are even more severe.

[0075] In the event of thermal runaway, this application can rapidly activate and efficiently handle the generated thermal runaway gases, effectively curbing the spread of risk. Furthermore, this application employs multi-stage purification technologies, including cyclone separation, static electrode plate adsorption, gas-liquid mixing reaction, and biological filter layer filtration, to ensure that the discharged gases meet environmental standards and prevent secondary pollution to the external environment. Simultaneously, this application can adapt to complex operating conditions such as rolling and pitching of ships, providing all-weather safety assurance for the power battery and meeting safety protection requirements under extreme operating conditions.

[0076] This application is applicable to all types of electric vessels. Taking polar research vessels as an example, the environmental parameters of the battery compartment of a polar research vessel are as follows:

[0077] (1) Cabin dimensions: 8m long × 6m wide × 3m high, forming a regular three-dimensional space, providing a basic framework for the arrangement of battery modules;

[0078] (2) Battery module: It is equipped with a total of 72 lithium iron phosphate square single cell battery modules, which are suitable for the harsh environment of polar research vessels;

[0079] (3) Energy storage: The maximum energy storage capacity is 2.88MWh, which can provide strong power support for ships and meet the energy needs of long-term scientific research missions;

[0080] (4) Cabin material: The design combines an aluminum alloy frame with a fireproof composite material cabin wall, which ensures both the lightweight and structural strength of the cabin and excellent fire resistance, effectively improving the safety of the battery compartment.

[0081] (5) Ventilation: Equipped with 4 sets of powerful exhaust fans, each with a rated air volume of 6000 m³ / h. 3 / h, to ensure smooth airflow within the battery compartment.

[0082] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0083] Please see Figure 1The image shown is a schematic diagram of the thermal runaway gas handling device for marine power batteries described in this application, as illustrated in one embodiment. Figure 1 As shown in the illustration, this application provides a thermal runaway gas treatment device for marine power batteries, comprising a primary negative pressure generation module 10, a secondary gas-solid separation module 20, and a tertiary seawater reaction module 30. The primary negative pressure generation module 10 is connected to the secondary gas-solid separation module 20, and the secondary gas-solid separation module 20 is connected to the tertiary seawater reaction module 30. These three modules cooperate and work together to form a complete and efficient thermal runaway gas treatment process. Specifically, the primary negative pressure generation module 10 rapidly generates a negative pressure environment when the marine power battery experiences thermal runaway; the secondary gas-solid separation module 20 performs gas-solid separation treatment on the thermal runaway gas extracted from the primary negative pressure generation module 10; and the tertiary seawater reaction module 30 performs deep purification treatment on the separated gas phase.

[0084] These three modules together form a composite structure capable of handling various types and degrees of battery thermal runaway. Whether it's a slow generation of small amounts of gas or a severe situation involving a rapid release of large amounts of gas, the generated gas can be properly handled, demonstrating strong adaptability and flexibility.

[0085] Please see Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of another embodiment of the thermal runaway gas treatment device for marine power batteries described in this application.

[0086] In one embodiment of this application, the primary negative pressure generation module 10 includes a compressed air supply device (not shown in the figure) and a venturi array 11; the compressed air supply device is connected to the throat air inlet of the venturi array 11 and is used to generate and guide compressed air through the venturi array 11; the main air supply pipe of the venturi array 11 is connected to the battery compartment, and the venturi array 11 is used to extract thermal runaway gas in the battery compartment using compressed air as a driving source.

[0087] In this embodiment, the compressed air supply device can be either a regular compressor or an air tank. This application does not specifically limit the type of compressed air supply device.

[0088] For example, air can be compressed using a compressor to a pressure of 0.8 MPa, thus generating a high-speed jet with a Mach number of 1.2. Driven by the powerful high-speed jet, the Venturi array 11 can quickly and efficiently extract thermal runaway gases from the battery compartment and reduce the compartment pressure to -450 Pa within just 10 seconds. Alternatively, air can be pre-compressed and stored inside a tank with a pressure range set between 0.6 and 1.0 MPa, releasing compressed air to the Venturi tubes when needed.

[0089] Please see Figure 3a The image shows a schematic diagram of the venturi array described in this application in one embodiment. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 3b The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the venturi array described in this application in another embodiment.

[0090] In one embodiment of this application, the Venturi array 11 is specifically composed of eight sets of stainless steel Venturi tubes, meaning that the eight sets of Venturi tubes share a main gas supply pipe 111 and a main output pipe 112. These eight sets of Venturi tubes are evenly distributed in a circular array. This circular layout allows for a more uniform distribution of flow velocity and pressure when thermal runaway gas is extracted from the battery compartment, effectively avoiding localized pressure concentration or airflow turbulence, thereby greatly improving the overall extraction efficiency.

[0091] In this implementation, the rapid pumping function of the Venturi array 11 effectively suppresses the accumulation of flammable gas in the battery compartment after battery thermal runaway, significantly reducing the risk of explosion.

[0092] In one embodiment of this application, the primary negative pressure generating module 10 further includes a first exhaust pipe 12 and a rupture membrane 13; the inlet end of the first exhaust pipe 12 is connected to the battery compartment, and the outlet end is connected to the main gas supply pipe of the Venturi array 11, for transporting thermal runaway gas in the battery compartment to the Venturi array 11; the rupture membrane 13 is a composite membrane made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), disposed at the connection between the first exhaust pipe 12 and the battery compartment, for rupturing and releasing pressure when thermal runaway occurs in the battery compartment.

[0093] Under normal battery compartment conditions, the rupture membrane 13 remains intact, sealing the airflow channels on the side walls of the battery compartment to ensure its airtightness and maintain a stable environment. When thermal runaway causes a pressure increase within the battery compartment, triggering a thermal runaway alarm, the rupture membrane 13 ruptures promptly after reaching a set rupture pressure (e.g., 3.5 kPa). The rupture of the rupture membrane 13 provides a rapid pressure relief channel for the thermal runaway gas, preventing the risk of explosion due to a continuous increase in pressure within the compartment. After the rupture membrane 13 ruptures, the first exhaust pipe 12 serves as a gas discharge channel, rapidly expelling the thermal runaway gas from the compartment and directly into the Venturi array 11.

[0094] The rupture membrane 13 in this embodiment is designed to be recoverable, meaning that it can be resealed after rupture by replacement or a self-healing mechanism. This design improves the reusability and economy of the system, making it particularly suitable for marine environments requiring long-term operation.

[0095] In one embodiment of this application, the secondary gas-solid separation module 20 includes a cyclone separator 21; the inlet of the cyclone separator 21 is connected to the main output pipe of the venturi array 11, and is used to separate the gas phase component and solid phase component in the thermal runaway gas; the top of the cyclone separator 21 is provided with a gas phase outlet and the bottom is provided with a solid phase outlet.

[0096] Specifically, the diameter of the cyclone separator 21 can be set to 300 mm, the height to 600 mm, and the cone angle controlled within the range of 15°±1°. To enhance the wear resistance of the inner wall, a 200 μm thick Al2O3 ceramic wear-resistant layer is sprayed onto the inner wall. Simultaneously, the inlet design gas velocity is set to 18 m / s. With these parameter configurations, more than 92% of particles larger than 5 μm in diameter can be captured.

[0097] In practical applications, a dual-cone cyclone separator 21 can be used. In this dual-cone structure, the upper cone can perform preliminary separation of large particles, thereby effectively reducing the load on the lower cone; while the lower cone performs secondary separation for fine particles. With the help of the special structure of the upper and lower cones, the airflow distribution can be further optimized, and the particle separation effect can be improved.

[0098] Cyclone separator 21 utilizes the principle of centrifugal force to effectively separate gaseous components from solid components. The separated gaseous components include hydrogen, oxygen, solidified hydrogen, and small amounts of hydrocarbons, while the solid components include carbonaceous particles, copper-nickel dust, lithium oxides, and fluorides.

[0099] In one embodiment of this application, the secondary gas-solid separation module 20 further includes a second exhaust pipe 22, a high-voltage electrostatic plate 23, and a solid particle collection box 24; the inlet end of the second exhaust pipe 22 is connected to the gas phase outlet, and the outlet end is connected to the high-voltage electrostatic plate 23, for conveying the gas phase components separated by the cyclone separator 21 to the high-voltage electrostatic plate 23; the high-voltage electrostatic plate 23 is used to filter out aerosol particles in the gas phase components through electrostatic adsorption effect; the solid particle collection box 24 is located at the bottom of the cyclone separator 21 and communicates with the solid phase outlet, for collecting the separated solid phase components.

[0100] In this embodiment, the second exhaust pipe 22 is designed to be detachable, which facilitates quick disassembly and cleaning after the operation is completed.

[0101] The core parameters of the high-voltage static electrode plate 23 include: (1) size 250mm×600mm×2mm, the large size design can increase the electric field area and improve the particle capture efficiency; (2) voltage ±15kV, the high-voltage electric field can effectively ionize fine particles in the gas, such as carbon particles, copper-nickel dust and conductive gel aerosol, so that they are adsorbed after being charged; (3) plate spacing 20mm, the reasonable plate spacing can balance the electric field strength and particle capture efficiency, while avoiding the risk of short circuit.

[0102] The solid particle collection box 24 can prevent secondary pollution caused by particle dispersion by storing particles captured from the cyclone separator 21.

[0103] In one embodiment of this application, the three-stage seawater reaction module 30 includes a gas-liquid mixing device 31 and a filtration device 32; the gas-liquid mixing device 31 is connected to the gas phase outlet and is used to mix the separated gas phase components with seawater to form a gas-liquid mixed fluid; the filtration device 32 is located downstream of the gas-liquid mixing device 31 and is used to discharge the gas-liquid mixed fluid into the seawater after multi-layer filtration.

[0104] In one embodiment of this application, the gas-liquid mixing device 31 includes a vortex diversion chamber 311, a guide anti-corner chamber 312, and a seawater diversion pipe 313.

[0105] The vortex flow divider 311 is equipped with a vortex vane; the vortex vane is used to generate a vortex that fully mixes the gas phase components in the gas-liquid mixture with seawater.

[0106] The guide anti-corner cavity 312 is connected to the vortex diversion cavity 311 and is equipped with a guide component inside; the guide component is used to change the flow direction of the gas-liquid mixture and form multiple flow paths to prolong the gas-liquid contact time.

[0107] The inlet end of the seawater diversion pipe 313 is connected to an external seawater source, and the outlet end is connected to the vortex diversion cavity 311, which is used to introduce seawater mixed with the gas phase components into the vortex diversion cavity 311.

[0108] In one embodiment of this application, the filtration device 32 adopts a layered design, with an upper layer consisting of oyster and algae biofilm and a lower layer consisting of a three-stage biological filter layer. The upper layer utilizes biofilm adsorption technology, taking advantage of the active surfaces of the oyster and algae biofilms to effectively adsorb metal ions, such as Ni. 2 + and Co 3+ The upper layer consists of three layers of filter media with different pore sizes and filling materials, which progressively adsorb and separate particulate matter, algae, and metal ions.

[0109] Specifically, in the three-stage biological filter layer, the first layer has a pore size of 50 mm and is filled with oyster shell fragments, mainly used to adsorb algae; the second layer has a pore size of 10 mm and is filled with dried seaweed, used to adsorb medium-sized metal ions; the third layer has a pore size of 2 mm and is filled with activated carbon, used to adsorb small metal ions.

[0110] In one embodiment of this application, a cathodic protection device may be arranged within a three-stage biofilter layer.

[0111] Specifically, the cathodic protection device can be a sacrificial anode array made of Al-Zn-In-Mg alloy. This sacrificial anode array can be arranged in a grid or row-and-column pattern with a spacing of 500 mm to ensure uniform electric field distribution and avoid localized corrosion. Simultaneously, a protective current density of not less than 10 mA / m is set. 2 This meets the requirements of cathodic protection and effectively delays the corrosion of metal structures.

[0112] In one embodiment of this application, the three-stage seawater reaction module 30 further includes a porous nozzle 33, a first check valve 34, and a second check valve 35; the input end of the porous nozzle 33 is connected to the high-voltage electrostatic plate 23, and the output end is connected to the gas-liquid mixing device 31, for spraying the gas phase components adsorbed by the high-voltage electrostatic plate 23 into the gas-liquid mixing device 31; the first check valve 34 is fixedly installed between the porous nozzle 33 and the gas-liquid mixing device 31; the second check valve 35 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the filtration device 32.

[0113] In this embodiment, the porous nozzle 33 is made of sintered bronze, which combines high strength and corrosion resistance; its porosity is 40%, and the orifice design is a two-stage structure: a primary orifice diameter of Φ2mm and a secondary orifice diameter of Φ0.5mm. In practical applications, the porous nozzle 33 utilizes its porous structure to form dense spray points, significantly improving mixing efficiency.

[0114] The first check valve 34 and the second check valve 35 effectively prevent backflow of the medium. Specifically, the first check valve 34 includes a valve body, two internal valve plates, and components connecting the valve plates to the valve body. During venting, the gas pushes the valve plates open; after venting, the valve plates automatically reset and seal the valve body, preventing the gas-liquid mixture from flowing back into the high-voltage electrostatic plate 23. The second check valve 35 has the same structure and operating principle as the first check valve 34. The second check valve 35 adopts a submersible design, with the flow direction from the filtration equipment 32 to the seawater outside the tank, making it suitable for long-term submersion environments.

[0115] In one embodiment of this application, the thermal runaway gas handling device for marine power batteries described in this application embodiment further includes sensors and a control module.

[0116] The sensor is located inside the battery compartment and is used to monitor the thermal runaway characteristic parameters of the battery compartment in real time.

[0117] Specifically, the thermal runaway characteristic parameters include the temperature inside the battery compartment, the concentration of combustible gas, and the voltage drop of individual battery cells.

[0118] The control module is electrically connected to the sensor and is used to determine whether the temperature and the concentration of combustible gas in the battery compartment are both lower than preset values; if so, the basic ventilation mode is activated; otherwise, the enhanced ventilation mode is activated; the negative pressure value corresponding to the basic ventilation mode is lower than that of the enhanced ventilation mode.

[0119] In this embodiment, the basic ventilation mode is suitable for situations where the environment inside the battery compartment is relatively stable and thermal runaway characteristic parameters (such as temperature and flammable gas concentration) are within or near the normal range. The enhanced ventilation mode, however, is activated in emergency situations where the temperature inside the battery compartment rises sharply, the flammable gas concentration increases rapidly, and the risk of thermal runaway is high.

[0120] In this implementation, by employing two different ventilation modes, it is possible to effectively address the different stages of battery thermal runaway, from slow development to rapid change, as well as the transition from normal to abnormal state.

[0121] In one embodiment of this application, the control module is electrically connected to the compressed air supply device and is used to adaptively adjust the driving air pressure generated by the compressed air supply device using a fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (fuzzy PID) control algorithm so that the throat of the venturi array 11 reaches a preset negative pressure level.

[0122] Specifically, the principle of the fuzzy PID control algorithm includes: first, calculating the error between the current chamber pressure and the preset negative pressure level, the rate of change of the error over time, and monitoring the change in combustible gas concentration, using these as input variables; then, based on the fuzzy values ​​of the input variables, activating the corresponding rules through the fuzzy inference engine, and calculating the fuzzy adjustment amount of the PID parameters; next, dynamically adjusting the PID parameters using the fuzzy rule base; and finally, optimizing the PID controller parameters in real time based on the inference results to achieve intelligent control of the compressed air supply equipment.

[0123] Through simulated experiments demonstrating battery thermal runaway conditions, the thermal runaway gas handling device for marine power batteries provided in this application exhibited excellent emergency response capabilities. It successfully established an effective negative pressure environment within just 8.2 seconds and reduced the hydrogen concentration in the cabin from 4% to 0.5% within 15 seconds. Even under dynamic ship conditions with a roll angle of up to 25°, it completely suppressed seawater backflow, ensuring the safety and stability of the vessel. Furthermore, after passing through a two-stage gas-solid separation module and a three-stage seawater reaction module, the combustible gas discharged into the seawater mainly consists of hydrogen and oxygen, and in low concentrations, posing no environmental damage. These performance indicators all meet the emission standards of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the navigation requirements under extreme climatic conditions, demonstrating its feasibility and reliability in practical applications.

[0124] Please see Figure 4 The diagram shows a flowchart of one embodiment of the thermal runaway gas handling method for marine power batteries described in this application. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, this application provides a method for handling thermal runaway gas in a ship's power battery, including the following steps S100 and S200.

[0125] In step S100, the thermal runaway gas handling device for marine power batteries described above is put into thermal runaway alarm state.

[0126] In step S200, under the thermal runaway alarm state, the primary negative pressure generation module, the secondary gas-solid separation module, and the tertiary seawater reaction module in the device are simultaneously activated.

[0127] The first-stage negative pressure generation module generates and guides compressed air through a venturi array via a compressed air supply device; the venturi array uses compressed air as a driving source to extract thermal runaway gas from the battery compartment; the second-stage gas-solid separation module separates the gaseous and solid components in the thermal runaway gas using a cyclone separator; the third-stage seawater reaction module mixes the separated gaseous components with seawater using a gas-liquid mixing device to form a gas-liquid mixture, and then discharges the gas-liquid mixture into the seawater after multi-layer filtration by a filtration device.

[0128] It should be noted that the specific structure and working principle of the primary negative pressure generation module, the secondary gas-solid separation module and the tertiary seawater reaction module mentioned in this embodiment have been described in detail in the aforementioned embodiment of the thermal runaway gas treatment device for ship power batteries, and will not be repeated here.

[0129] Please see Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating another embodiment of the thermal runaway gas handling method for marine power batteries described in this application. Figure 5 As shown, the thermal runaway gas handling method for marine power batteries provided in this application embodiment further includes the following steps S300 and S500 before the device enters the thermal runaway alarm state.

[0130] In step S300, the device is put into an initial standby state.

[0131] In step S400, in the initial standby state, the thermal runaway characteristic parameters of the battery compartment are monitored in real time using the sensors in the device; the thermal runaway characteristic parameters include the temperature inside the battery compartment, the concentration of combustible gas, and the voltage drop of the individual battery cells.

[0132] Specifically, when the device enters the initial standby state, its internal primary negative pressure generation module, secondary gas-solid separation module, and tertiary seawater reaction module are all shut down, with only the sensors continuously running to monitor the thermal runaway characteristic parameters of the battery compartment in real time.

[0133] In step S500, it is determined whether any of the thermal runaway characteristic parameters is greater than a preset value; if so, the device is switched to the thermal runaway alarm state; otherwise, the device is reset to the initial standby state.

[0134] In one embodiment of this application, if the temperature inside the battery compartment is detected to be higher than 80°C, or the hydrogen concentration exceeds 1%, or the voltage drop of a single battery cell is greater than 300mV, the device immediately switches to the thermal runaway alarm state; otherwise, it returns to the initial standby state and maintains the basic monitoring function.

[0135] In one embodiment of this application, the method for handling thermal runaway gas in a ship power battery provided in this application further includes steps S600 and S700.

[0136] In step S600, the control module of the device uses a fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm to adaptively adjust the driving air pressure generated by the compressed air supply device so that the throat of the venturi array reaches a preset negative pressure level.

[0137] Specifically, the principle of the fuzzy PID control algorithm includes: first, calculating the error between the current chamber pressure and the preset negative pressure level, the rate of change of the error over time, and monitoring the change in combustible gas concentration, using these as input variables; then, based on the fuzzy values ​​of the input variables, activating the corresponding rules through the fuzzy inference engine, and calculating the fuzzy adjustment amount of the PID parameters; next, dynamically adjusting the PID parameters using the fuzzy rule base; and finally, optimizing the PID controller parameters in real time based on the inference results to achieve intelligent control of the compressed air supply equipment.

[0138] In step S700, the control module of the device determines whether the temperature inside the battery compartment and the concentration of the combustible gas are both lower than preset values; if so, the basic ventilation mode is activated; otherwise, the enhanced ventilation mode is activated; the negative pressure value corresponding to the basic ventilation mode is lower than that of the enhanced ventilation mode.

[0139] In this embodiment, the basic ventilation mode is suitable for situations where the environment inside the battery compartment is relatively stable, and thermal runaway characteristic parameters (such as temperature and flammable gas concentration) are within or near the normal range. The enhanced ventilation mode, however, corresponds to a higher negative pressure value. It is activated in emergency situations where the temperature inside the battery compartment rises sharply, the flammable gas concentration increases rapidly, and the risk of thermal runaway is high.

[0140] In this implementation, by employing two different ventilation modes, it is possible to effectively address the different stages of battery thermal runaway, from slow development to rapid change, as well as the transition from normal to abnormal state.

[0141] In one embodiment of this application, the method for handling thermal runaway gas in marine power batteries provided in this application further includes maintenance and operation protection measures for the thermal runaway gas handling device for marine power batteries, as follows:

[0142] (1) After each use, rinse the exhaust pipe with clean water to remove residual gas and impurities and ensure that the pipe is unobstructed;

[0143] (2) The cathodic protection equipment needs to work continuously for 48 hours to prevent equipment corrosion, and then automatically shut down to save energy;

[0144] (3) After all processing steps are completed, an operation report is automatically generated, recording key parameters and equipment status;

[0145] (4) Regularly inspect the integrity of the rupture membrane, regularly clean the surface of the high voltage electrostatic plate, regularly clean the solid particle collection box, and regularly replace the three-stage biological filter layer.

[0146] It should be noted that the protection scope of the thermal runaway gas treatment method for marine power batteries described in this application embodiment is not limited to the execution order of the steps listed in this embodiment. Any solution implemented by adding, subtracting, or replacing steps in the prior art based on the principles of this application is included within the protection scope of this application.

[0147] Please see Figure 6 The image shown is a schematic diagram of the thermal runaway gas handling system for marine power batteries described in this application in one embodiment.

[0148] like Figure 6 As shown, this application provides a thermal runaway gas handling system for a ship's power battery, including a hull 100, a battery compartment 200, and a thermal runaway gas handling device 300 for a ship's power battery according to any one of the above claims.

[0149] The hull 100 has a seawater reaction channel on its side hull bottom.

[0150] The battery compartment 200 is located inside the hull 100, and multiple battery cells are arranged inside the battery compartment 200. The side wall is provided with airflow channels.

[0151] The thermal runaway gas treatment device 300 for the ship's power battery is located inside the hull 100, communicates with the battery compartment through the airflow channel, and communicates with the seawater outside the compartment through the seawater reaction channel.

[0152] In one embodiment of this application, the thermal runaway gas treatment system for marine power batteries provided in this application embodiment further includes a main control device. The main control device is electrically connected to the thermal runaway gas treatment device for marine power batteries and is used to receive data uploaded by the device and to centrally monitor and optimize the data.

[0153] Specifically, the main control equipment can be a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. The SCADA system collects thermal runaway characteristic parameters within the battery compartment in real time and displays the real-time data in the form of charts, trend curves, etc., through a human-machine interface (HMI), supporting historical data query and analysis. Crew members can view the battery compartment status in real time through the SCADA terminal in the bridge and manually intervene in equipment operation.

[0154] It should be noted that the thermal runaway gas treatment system for marine power batteries provided in this application includes, but is not limited to, the component structures listed in this embodiment. Any structural modifications and substitutions of the prior art made based on the principles of this application are included within the protection scope of this application.

[0155] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, or methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules / units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules or units may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection of apparatuses or modules or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0156] The modules / units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as modules / units may or may not be physical modules; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules / units can be selected to achieve the objectives of the embodiments of this application, depending on actual needs. For example, the functional modules / units in the various embodiments of this application may be integrated into one processing module, or each module / unit may exist physically separately, or two or more modules / units may be integrated into one module / unit.

[0157] Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0158] The descriptions of the processes or structures corresponding to the above figures each have their own emphasis. For parts of a process or structure that are not described in detail, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other processes or structures.

[0159] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in this application should still be covered by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A device for handling thermal runaway gas in marine power batteries, characterized in that, include: A primary negative pressure generation module includes a compressed air supply device and a venturi array; the compressed air supply device is connected to the throat inlet of the venturi array and is used to generate and guide compressed air through the venturi array; the main air supply pipe of the venturi array is connected to the battery compartment, and the venturi array is used to extract thermal runaway gas in the battery compartment using compressed air as a driving source. The secondary gas-solid separation module includes a cyclone separator; the inlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the main output pipe of the venturi array, and is used to separate the gas phase component and solid phase component in the thermal runaway gas; the top of the cyclone separator is provided with a gas phase outlet and the bottom is provided with a solid phase outlet; The three-stage seawater reaction module includes a gas-liquid mixing device and a filtration device; the gas-liquid mixing device is connected to the gas phase outlet and is used to mix the separated gas phase components with seawater to form a gas-liquid mixed fluid; the filtration device is located downstream of the gas-liquid mixing device and is used to filter the gas-liquid mixed fluid through multiple layers before discharging it into the seawater.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The primary negative pressure generation module further includes a first exhaust pipe and a rupture membrane; the inlet end of the first exhaust pipe is connected to the battery compartment, and the outlet end is connected to the main gas supply pipe of the Venturi array, for transporting thermal runaway gas in the battery compartment to the Venturi array; the rupture membrane is a composite membrane made of polyethylene terephthalate, located at the connection between the first exhaust pipe and the battery compartment, for rupturing and releasing pressure when thermal runaway occurs in the battery compartment.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary gas-solid separation module further includes a second exhaust pipe, a high-voltage electrostatic plate, and a solid particle collection box; the inlet end of the second exhaust pipe is connected to the gas phase outlet, and the outlet end is connected to the high-voltage electrostatic plate, for conveying the gas phase components separated by the cyclone separator to the high-voltage electrostatic plate; the high-voltage electrostatic plate is used to filter out aerosol particles in the gas phase components through electrostatic adsorption effect; the solid particle collection box is located at the bottom of the cyclone separator and is connected to the solid phase outlet, for collecting the separated solid phase components.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas-liquid mixing device includes a vortex flow divider, a guide anti-corner chamber, and a seawater diversion pipe; The vortex flow divider is equipped with a swirl vane; the swirl vane is used to generate a vortex that fully mixes the gas phase components in the gas-liquid mixture with seawater. The guide anti-corner cavity is connected to the vortex diversion cavity and is equipped with a guide component inside; the guide component is used to change the flow direction of the gas-liquid mixture and form multiple flow paths to prolong the gas-liquid contact time. The inlet end of the seawater diversion pipe is connected to an external seawater source, and the outlet end is connected to the vortex diversion cavity, which is used to introduce seawater mixed with the gas phase components into the vortex diversion cavity.

5. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The three-stage seawater reaction module also includes a porous nozzle, a first check valve, and a second check valve. The input end of the porous nozzle is connected to the high-voltage electrostatic plate, and the output end is connected to the gas-liquid mixing device, for spraying the gas phase components adsorbed by the high-voltage electrostatic plate into the gas-liquid mixing device. The first check valve is fixedly installed between the porous nozzle and the gas-liquid mixing device. The second check valve is fixedly installed at the bottom of the filtration device.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes sensors and control modules; The sensor is located inside the battery compartment and is used to monitor the thermal runaway characteristic parameters of the battery compartment in real time. The thermal runaway characteristic parameters include the temperature inside the battery compartment, the concentration of combustible gas, and the voltage drop of the individual battery cells. The control module is electrically connected to the sensor and is used to determine whether the temperature and the concentration of combustible gas in the battery compartment are both lower than preset values; if so, the basic ventilation mode is activated; otherwise, the enhanced ventilation mode is activated; the negative pressure value corresponding to the basic ventilation mode is lower than that of the enhanced ventilation mode.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control module is electrically connected to the compressed air supply equipment and is used to adaptively adjust the driving air pressure generated by the compressed air supply equipment using a fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm so that the throat of the venturi array reaches a preset negative pressure level.

8. A method for handling thermal runaway gases in marine power batteries, characterized in that, include: The thermal runaway gas handling device for marine power batteries as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 shall enter the thermal runaway alarm state. In the state of thermal runaway alarm, the primary negative pressure generation module, the secondary gas-solid separation module, and the tertiary seawater reaction module in the device are simultaneously activated; wherein: The primary negative pressure generation module generates and guides compressed air through the venturi tube array via the compressed air supply equipment; the venturi tube array uses compressed air as a driving source to extract thermal runaway gas from the battery compartment. The secondary gas-solid separation module separates the gas phase and solid phase components in the thermal runaway gas using a cyclone separator. The three-stage seawater reaction module mixes the separated gaseous components with seawater through a gas-liquid mixing device to form a gas-liquid mixed fluid, and then discharges the gas-liquid mixed fluid into the seawater after multi-layer filtration through a filtration device.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Before inducing the thermal runaway alarm state, the following steps are also included: The device is brought into an initial standby state; In the initial standby state, the thermal runaway characteristic parameters of the battery compartment are monitored in real time using sensors in the device; the thermal runaway characteristic parameters include the temperature inside the battery compartment, the concentration of combustible gas, and the voltage drop of individual battery cells; Determine whether any of the thermal runaway characteristic parameters is greater than a preset value; If so, the device is switched to the thermal runaway alarm state; otherwise, the device is reset to the initial standby state.

10. A thermal runaway gas handling system for marine power batteries, characterized in that, include: The hull, wherein the ship's side bottom is provided with a seawater reaction channel; The battery compartment is located inside the hull, and multiple battery cells are arranged inside the battery compartment. Airflow channels are provided on the side walls. The thermal runaway gas treatment device for a ship's power battery according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is located inside the hull, communicates with the battery compartment through the airflow channel, and communicates with seawater outside the compartment through the seawater reaction channel.

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