Preparation device and process for anti-reflection film on surface of photovoltaic glass

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation device and process for an anti-reflection film on the surface of photovoltaic glass, the preparation device comprises a feeding section, a liquid coating section, a preliminary drying section, a laser curing section and a discharging section which are connected in sequence, all the sections are rigidly connected through a base and a frame, and the feeding section comprises a configuration restoration assembly; the restoration assembly is composed of a restoration wheel, a guide device, a push rod, a swing rod, a second air cylinder, a guide rod, a linear module, a drag chain, a sensor, a linear module flange, an air cylinder of the linear module, a spring assembly, a limiting block of a homing wheel, a homing wheel of the spring assembly, a first linear module, a first drag chain, a first sensor and a first homing wheel. The liquid coating glass is scanned through CO2 laser, coating organic matter is decomposed into a silicon dioxide film, an integrated assembly line cooperates with feeding restoration, liquid coating, drying, curing and discharging, the cost and energy consumption are reduced, the efficiency and the film layer quality are improved, and various production requirements are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic glass deep processing technology, specifically to an apparatus and process for preparing an antireflective coating on the surface of photovoltaic glass. Background Technology

[0002] In photovoltaic glass production, antireflective coatings are one of the core structures for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules. Traditional manufacturing processes rely on high-temperature tempering furnaces to cure the film, which presents the following prominent problems: High equipment cost: The investment in a single tempering furnace can reach several million yuan, and multiple furnaces need to be connected in parallel on the production line, resulting in huge initial construction costs; Extremely high energy consumption: The tempering furnace needs to maintain a high temperature of 700°C continuously, resulting in high power consumption per unit time and driving up production costs; Poor production line flexibility: The tempering furnace is a fixed high-temperature device with poor adaptability to glass size and production capacity, making it difficult to quickly respond to product iteration and small-batch customization needs; Film quality risk: High-temperature tempering can easily cause thermal deformation of the glass, affecting the uniformity of the film and indirectly reducing the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules; Complex process coordination: It requires connecting multiple stages such as coating, tempering, and cooling, resulting in a long production line layout, difficulty in equipment linkage control, and many points of failure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an apparatus and process for preparing antireflective coatings on the surface of photovoltaic glass, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, such as large equipment investment, high energy consumption, insufficient production line flexibility, difficulty in controlling film quality, and complex process coordination.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a device for preparing an anti-reflective coating on the surface of photovoltaic glass, comprising a feeding section, a coating section, a preliminary drying section, a laser curing section, and a discharging section connected in sequence, each section being rigidly connected by a base and a frame. The feeding section includes a centering assembly, which consists of a centering wheel, a guide device, a push rod, a swing rod, a second cylinder, a guide rod, a linear module, a cable chain, a sensor, a flange of the linear module, a cylinder of the linear module, a spring assembly, a limit block of the centering wheel, a centering wheel of the spring assembly, a first linear module, a first cable chain, a first sensor, and a first centering wheel. The swing arm is mounted on the end of the swing arm via a rotating shaft. The swing arm is hinged to the guide rod of cylinder two. The guide device and push rod are arranged parallel to the guide rail of the linear module. The drag chain moves synchronously with the linear module. The sensor is fixed at the end of the feeding section to detect the position of the photovoltaic glass. The flange of the linear module is used to connect and reinforce the linear module with the base. The cylinder of the linear module assists the linear module drive, and the spring assembly, the limit block of the return wheel, and the return wheel of the spring assembly constitute the elastic return structure of the return wheel. The linear module one, drag chain one, sensor one, and return wheel one are auxiliary return and conveying positioning components of the feeding section, and they move symmetrically or in coordination with the return components. The coating section includes a coating component, which is slidably connected to the X-axis track of the frame. The top of the frame is fixed with an X-axis mover, a large motor, a small motor, a Y-axis, a Y-axis stator, a mover base, a second motor, a third motor, a mover, a slider under the mover, a rack under the mover, a rack under the Y-axis stator, a track, a limit block, and a sensing plate. The output shaft of the large motor meshes with the lower rack at the bottom of the frame through gears and a side rack, and drives the X-axis mover to move along the X-axis. The small motor is connected to the execution end of the coating component through a transmission mechanism. The Y-axis is arranged perpendicular to the X-axis. The Y-axis stator is fixed to the frame. The mover base is connected to the X-axis mover. The second and third motors drive the mover to move along the Y-axis. The slider under the mover, the rack under the mover, the rack under the Y-axis stator, the track, the limit block, and the sensing plate constitute a movement guide and positioning structure in the Y-axis direction. The laser curing section includes a laser, a galvanometer, an optical path protective cover, a linear platform, lower support A, lower support B, and a lower support device. The laser is fixed to the top of the frame by a bracket. The galvanometer is installed directly below the laser's light output path by an adjustment seat. The optical path protective cover is a closed metal cover. The linear platform is slidably connected to the base by a guide rail. The lower support A, lower support B, and lower support device are symmetrically distributed at the bottom of the linear platform and provide rigid support for the platform and glass. The lower support device is an auxiliary support and positioning component of the laser curing section. The discharge section includes a receiving hopper, a pressing platform, and a laser drill. The receiving hopper is fixed to the discharge end of the linear platform by bolts. The pressing platform is connected to the frame by a hydraulic rod. The laser drill is installed above the discharge section by a cantilever beam and performs coordinated actions to discharge, drill, and return finished glass.

[0005] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coating component of the coating section specifically comprises: an actuating end of the coating component consisting of a sponge, a pressure plate, a cylinder, and a linear bearing; the sponge is fixed to the bottom of the pressure plate by a snap fastener; the pressure plate is slidably connected to the lifting guide rail of the coating component via the linear bearing; the cylinder body is fixed to the horizontal support of the coating component; the piston rod is rigidly connected to the pressure plate; the large motor drives the X-axis mover to move along the X-axis; the meshing clearance between the gear and the lower rack is ≤0.05mm, and the moving speed is... The range is 5-20mm / s. The action accuracy of the small motor driving the coating actuator is ≤0.1mm. The lifting stroke of the cylinder is 10-30mm. The coaxiality error of the linear bearing is ≤0.02mm. In the Y-axis direction, the mover is driven by motor two and motor three to move along the Y-axis stator. The slider under the mover, the rack under the mover, and the rack under the Y-axis stator ensure the smoothness and accuracy of the Y-axis movement. The X-axis mover, the track set on the X-axis, the limit block, and the sensing plate limit the position of the coating component.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the laser is vertically fixed to the center of the top of the frame by a bracket, and the galvanometer is horizontally installed on the light output path directly below the laser by an adjusting seat, with a coaxiality deviation of ≤0.1mm. The optical path protective cover is a closed metal cover that completely encloses the laser transmission space from the laser output end to the linear platform. The optical path protective cover contains a protected laser beam. The linear platform is horizontally slidably connected to the base by a guide rail, and the overlap between the upper surface of the linear platform and the vertical projection area of ​​the galvanometer is ≥95%. The lower support A, lower support B, and lower support device are symmetrically distributed at the four corners and sides of the bottom of the linear platform. The lower support A and lower support B are rigid support columns, and the lower support device is an adjustable support component. The lower support A, lower support B, and lower support device together provide rigid support for the linear platform and the glass, and the fit between the support surface of the lower support A, lower support B, and lower support device and the lower surface of the linear platform is ≥98%.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the linear module of the straightening component is horizontally mounted on the guide rail of the feeding section base. The length direction of the linear module is consistent with the photovoltaic glass conveying direction. The guiding device and push rod are arranged parallel to the guide rail of the linear module, and the distance deviation between the two and the guide rail of the linear module is ≤0.5mm. The second cylinder is vertically fixed on the base on one side of the linear module. The guide rod of the second cylinder extends horizontally and is hinged to one end of the swing rod. The other end of the swing rod is vertically connected to the wheel axle of the straightening wheel through a rotating shaft. The angle between the sensor and the photovoltaic glass conveying plane is 15°-30°. The sensor is vertically fixed below the frame at the end of the feeding section. The parallelism deviation between the sensor's detection surface and the upper surface of the linear platform is ≤0.2mm. The linear module one and the return wheel one are symmetrically arranged on the other side of the linear module and form a symmetrical return structure with the return wheel and the linear module. The drag chain one and the drag chain move synchronously with the linear module and the linear module one, respectively. The spring assembly, the limit block of the return wheel, and the return wheel of the spring assembly are installed at the rotating shaft of the return wheel and the return wheel one.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the receiving hopper is fixed to the bottom of the discharge end of the linear platform by bolts. The upper opening size of the receiving hopper is larger than the glass conveying size of the discharge end of the linear platform. The depth direction of the receiving hopper is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the linear platform. The pressing platform is vertically installed on the frame by hydraulic rods. The vertical projection area of ​​the pressing platform overlaps with the upper opening area of ​​the receiving hopper by ≥90%. The laser drill is horizontally installed above the discharge section by a cantilever beam. The laser head of the laser drill points vertically downward. Its vertical projection area overlaps with the glass conveying area of ​​the discharge end of the linear platform by ≥95%. The receiving hopper's support plate has a lifting structure. The height difference between the upper surface of the support plate and the upper surface of the linear platform can be adjusted within the range of 0-50mm. The extension stroke of the hydraulic rod of the pressing platform is adapted to the lifting stroke of the receiving hopper support plate, ensuring that the glass is pushed off the linear platform and accurately falls into the receiving hopper.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Z-axis structure specifically comprises: a Z-axis mounting base fixed to a vertical guide rail of a frame or base by bolts; a motor and a reducer fixed to the top of the Z-axis mounting base by a bracket; the output shaft of the motor being reduced in speed by the reducer and driving the synchronous pulley to rotate; one end of the synchronous belt being connected to the slider under the Z-axis mounting base and the other end being fixed to the base; the cylinder body of the cylinder being fixed to the Z-axis mounting base; and the piston rod being rigidly connected to the slider under the Z-axis mounting base. Through the synergistic effect of the synchronous belt and the cylinder, precise lifting and lowering in the Z-axis direction is achieved, with a lifting stroke of 100-500mm, a lifting speed of 10-50mm / s, and a positional accuracy of ≤±0.05mm.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the R-axis structure specifically comprises a 360° rotation function achieved by a rotary support. The inner ring of the rotary support is fixed to the base by bolts, and the outer ring is connected to the drive mechanism by a transition mounting plate. The drive motor and reducer are mounted on the base by a fixed seat. The output shaft of the drive motor is reduced in speed by the reducer and drives the pinion to rotate. The pinion meshes with the outer ring gear of the rotary support. The suction cup is fixed to the end of the transition mounting plate by bolts and rotates synchronously with the R-axis. The rotation accuracy is ≤±0.5°, the rotation speed is 5-30° / s, and the suction force of the suction cup is 50-500N.

[0011] This invention discloses a process for preparing an antireflective coating on the surface of photovoltaic glass, comprising the following steps: Material feeding and alignment: The photovoltaic glass is fed to the feeding section by the conveying mechanism. The linear module drives the guide device and push rod to move along the X-axis, pushing the glass to the alignment area. The guide rod of cylinder two extends, driving the swing arm to swing. The alignment wheel contacts the side of the glass and applies a thrust of 10-50N to correct the angular deviation of the glass to ≤±0.5° and the positional deviation to ≤±1mm. After the sensor detects that the glass is aligned, it sends a signal, and the glass enters the coating section through the conveying mechanism. The whole process takes 5-20 seconds.

[0012] Coating process: The large motor in the coating section starts, driving the X-axis mover to move along the X-axis at a speed of 10-50 mm / s through the meshing of gears and a lower rack; the small motor starts, driving the actuator of the coating component to move through the transmission mechanism: the cylinder extends, the pressure plate drives the sponge to press down, so that the sponge contacts the glass surface, with a contact pressure of 5-20 N; the coating component moves along the Y-axis at a speed of 5-30 mm / s, simultaneously squeezing the film liquid container, so that the antireflective and anti-reflective film liquid is evenly coated on the glass surface through the sponge, with a coating thickness of 0.1-1 μm, and the coating width matches the width of the glass. The entire coating process takes 10-60 seconds.

[0013] Preliminary drying: The coated glass is conveyed to the preliminary drying section by the conveying mechanism. The drying section is equipped with a hot air circulation system with a hot air temperature of 40-80℃ and a wind speed of 1-5m / s. The hot air is used to blow and dry the coating liquid, removing 50%-80% of the solvent. The drying time is 10-30 seconds, and the surface temperature of the glass after drying is ≤30℃.

[0014] Laser curing: The dried glass is conveyed to the laser curing section by the conveying mechanism, and the linear platform drives the glass to move at a speed of 5-30mm / s; The laser is activated, emitting a laser with a wavelength of 1064nm. The laser beam is scanned by a galvanometer at a speed of 100-500mm / s. After being protected by an optical path shield, the laser beam is vertically projected onto the surface of the liquid membrane. By adjusting the power and scanning speed of the laser, the liquid membrane absorbs the laser energy and solidifies. The solidification depth is 0.1-1μm, and the entire solidification process takes 10-60 seconds.

[0015] Material discharge: The cured glass is conveyed to the discharge section by a linear platform, and the tray of the receiving hopper is raised to receive the glass; If drilling is required, the laser drill is activated and moves along the glass surface according to the preset program to complete the drilling. The drilling diameter is 0.1-1mm. After drilling is completed, the hydraulic rod of the pressing platform extends and pushes the glass to the return mechanism, which then transports it to the finished product line. The entire process takes 5-30 seconds.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the optimized control of the laser curing and feeding alignment steps is as follows: Laser curing optimization: The infrared spectrum data of the film liquid and the thickness data of the glass are collected in real time through the online monitoring system. According to the composition of the film liquid and the thickness of the glass, the power of the laser, the scanning speed of the galvanometer and the moving speed of the linear platform are dynamically adjusted to ensure the curing uniformity of the film liquid and the refractive index deviation of the cured film layer is ≤ ±0.01. Material feeding and alignment optimization: Real-time acquisition of glass size data and position deviation through vision sensors, and adjustment of the swing angle of the alignment wheel, the pushing force of the guide device and the push rod according to the glass size, to ensure that the position deviation of the glass after alignment is ≤±0.5mm and the angle deviation is ≤±0.5°, providing a basic guarantee for the consistency of subsequent coating and curing.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: By inventing a method that replaces the traditional high-temperature tempering furnace with a 10.6μm wavelength CO2 laser and galvanometer, the laser beam is used to directionally scan the surface of the photovoltaic glass coated with a film solution. Utilizing the high absorption rate of this wavelength laser by the film material, the organic matter in the organic-inorganic hybrid nano-coating is decomposed into a porous silica coating in a short time. The entire device is integrated into a modular production line via a base and frame, eliminating the complex furnace structure and continuous high-temperature maintenance system of the tempering furnace. This solves the problems of "complex tempering furnace equipment, high investment, and huge energy consumption" in traditional processes. The initial investment of the laser device is only 50% of that of a tempering furnace, and the operating energy consumption is reduced by more than 60%, significantly reducing the production cost of photovoltaic glass deep processing. This invention addresses the industry pain point that after 3-5 years of use, the antireflective coating on the surface of solar cell modules is prone to aging and peeling off due to ultraviolet radiation and wind and sand abrasion, especially since the photovoltaic glass has already undergone tempering. Through laser curing, the coating can be directly recoated and cured on recycled or disassembled tempered photovoltaic glass, restoring the coating function without the need for re-tempering. The repair cost is only 30% of that of replacing new glass, while also reducing the generation of photovoltaic glass waste, which aligns with the concept of green production.

[0018] By using the alignment wheel and push rod of the alignment component in the feeding section, along with sensors, the glass positioning deviation is controlled within ±1mm. In the coating section, the X-axis mover and Y-axis motor-driven actuators achieve uniform coating of the film liquid. In the laser curing section, the galvanometer scans at a speed of 100-500mm / s, combined with the linear platform moving at 5-30mm / s, to achieve rapid curing of the film layer. Some structures of the lower support A ensure the stability of the glass. This shortens the overall process time compared to traditional processes. Moreover, the film layer avoids glass thermal deformation due to localized laser heating, significantly improving uniformity, refractive index deviation ≤±0.01, and light transmittance increased by 2%-3%, directly ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0019] The Z-axis achieves 100-500mm lifting via motor and synchronous belt, adapting to glass of different thicknesses. The R-axis achieves 360° rotation via rotary support and suction cup, meeting multi-directional transport needs. Laser curing parameters can be dynamically adjusted according to the composition of the film liquid and the glass size. The angle and thrust of the feeding section's centering wheel can adapt to glass lengths of 1000-2000mm, solving the problem of traditional tempering furnaces having "poor adaptability to glass size and difficulty in responding to small-batch customization". Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a front-view stereoscopic display diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the corrective component, galvanometer, laser, optical path protective cover, laser beam, glass, and lower support A of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the main structure of the punching device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the laser drilling principle of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the main structure of the Y-direction normalized edge of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the main structure of the turntable of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the main structure of the R-axis of the turntable of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the main structure of the turntable along the X and Y axes of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the main structure of the Z-axis of the turntable of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the main structure of the X-direction corrected reference edge of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the main structure of the X-direction normalized edge of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the main structure of the coating device of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. X-axis mover; 3. Large motor; 4. Small motor; 5. Lower rack; 6. Cylinder; 7. Linear bearing; 8. Pressure plate; 9. Sponge; 10. Side rack; 11. Gear; 12. X-axis; 13. Y-axis; 14. Z-axis; 15. Base; 16. R-axis; 17. Suction cup; 18. Rotary bearing; 19. Drive motor; 20. Reducer; 21. Fixed seat; 22. Pinion; 23. Transition mounting plate; 24. Z-axis fixed seat; 25. Motor 1; 26. Reducer 1; 27. Synchronous pulley; 28. Slider under the Z-axis fixed seat; 29. ​​Cylinder 1; 30. Guide rail; 31. Synchronous belt; 32. Y-axis stator; 33. Mover base; 34. Motor 2; 35. Motor 3; 36. Mover; 37. Slider under the mover; 38. Rack under the mover; 39. 40. Rack under Y-axis stator; 41. Track; 42. Limiting block; 43. Sensor plate; 44. Cylinder II; 45. Guide rod; 46. Swing rod; 47. Alignment wheel; 48. Linear module; 49. Linear module flange; 50. Linear module cylinder; 51. Cable chain; 52. Spring assembly; 53. Limiting block of the alignment wheel; 54. Alignment wheel of the spring assembly; 55. Sensor; 56. Guide device; 57. Push rod; 58. Linear module I; 59. Cable chain I; 60. Sensor I; 61. Alignment assembly; 62. Lower support device; 63. Galvanometer; 64. Laser; 65. Optical path protective cover; 66. Laser beam; 67. Glass; 68. Lower support A; 69. Linear platform; 70. Lower support B; 71. Lower pressing platform; 72. Receiving hopper; 73. Laser drill. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Please see Figure 1-12This invention provides an apparatus for preparing an anti-reflective coating on the surface of photovoltaic glass, comprising a feeding section, a coating section, a preliminary drying section, a laser curing section, and a discharging section connected in sequence. Each section is rigidly connected by a base 15 and a frame 1. The feeding section includes a centering assembly 61, which consists of a centering wheel 46, a guide device 55, a push rod 56, a swing rod 45, a second cylinder 43, a guide rod 44, a linear module 47, a cable chain 50, a sensor 54, a linear module flange 48, a linear module cylinder 49, a spring assembly 51, a limiting block 52 for the centering wheel, a centering wheel 53 for the spring assembly, and a first linear module 57. The linear module 47 consists of a cable chain 58, a sensor 59, and a return wheel 46. The return wheel 46 is mounted on the end of a swing arm 45 via a rotating shaft. The swing arm 45 is hinged to the guide rod 44 of the cylinder 43. The guide device 55 and the push rod 56 are arranged parallel to the guide rail of the linear module 47. The cable chain 50 moves synchronously with the linear module 47. The sensor 54 is fixed at the end of the feeding section to detect the position of the photovoltaic glass 67. The linear module flange 48 is used to connect and reinforce the linear module 47 with the base 15. The cylinder 49 of the linear module assists in driving the linear module 47. The return wheel 57 is composed of a spring assembly 51, a limit block 52 for the return wheel, and a return wheel 53 for the spring assembly. The elastic return structure of the positive wheel 46, the linear module 57, the drag chain 58, the sensor 59, and the return wheel 60 are auxiliary return and conveying positioning components of the feeding section, and they move symmetrically or in coordination with the return component 61; the coating section includes a coating component, which is slidably connected to the X-axis track of the frame 1. The top of the frame 1 is fixed with the X-axis mover 2, the large motor 3, the small motor 4, the Y-axis 13, the Y-axis stator 32, the mover base 33, the second motor 34, the third motor 35, the mover 36, the slider under the mover 37, the rack under the mover 38, the rack under the Y-axis stator 39, the track 40, the limit block 41, and the sensing plate 42. The output shaft of the large motor 3 meshes with the lower rack 5 at the bottom of the frame 1 through the gear 11 and the side rack 10, and drives the X-axis mover 2 to move along the X-axis 12. The small motor 4 is connected to the execution end of the coating component through the transmission mechanism. The Y-axis 13 is arranged perpendicular to the X-axis 12. The Y-axis stator 32 is fixed to the frame 1. The mover base 33 is connected to the X-axis mover 2. The second motor 34 and the third motor 35 drive the mover 36 to move along the Y-axis 13 respectively. The slider 37 under the mover, the rack 38 under the mover, the rack 39 under the Y-axis stator, the track 40, the limit block 41, and the sensing plate 42 constitute the movement guide and positioning structure in the Y-axis 13 direction.The laser curing section includes a laser 64, a galvanometer 63, an optical path protective cover 65, a linear platform 69, lower supports A68 and B70, and a lower support device 62. The laser 64 is fixed to the top of the frame 1 by a bracket. The galvanometer 63 is installed directly below the light output path of the laser 64 via an adjustment seat. The optical path protective cover 65 is a closed metal cover. The linear platform 69 is slidably connected to the base 15 via a guide rail. The lower supports A68, B70, and 62 are symmetrically distributed on the linear platform. The bottom of the linear platform 69 provides rigid support for the platform and glass 67. The lower support device 62 serves as an auxiliary support and positioning component for the laser curing section. The discharge section includes a receiving hopper 72, a pressing platform 71, and a laser drill 73. The receiving hopper 72 is bolted to the bottom of the discharge end of the linear platform 69. The pressing platform 71 is connected to the frame 1 via a hydraulic rod. The laser drill 73 is mounted above the discharge section via a cantilever beam and, through coordinated action, discharges, drills, and recycles the finished glass 67.

[0024] Specifically: The alignment operation of the feeding section: After the photovoltaic glass 67 is fed into the feeding section by the conveying mechanism, the alignment component 61 starts working: The linear module 47 drives the guide device 55 and push rod 56 along the X-axis 12 direction to push the glass to the preset alignment area; simultaneously, the guide rod 44 of the cylinder 2 43 extends, driving the swing rod 45 to swing, so that the alignment wheel 46 installed at the end of the swing rod contacts the side of the glass and applies a pushing force, which, together with the spring assembly 51 and the limiting block 52 of the alignment wheel, achieves elastic buffering and angle correction; the symmetrically arranged linear module 1 57 and alignment wheel 1 60 work together from the other side to ensure that the glass angle deviation is ≤ ±0.5° and the position deviation is ≤ ±1mm; the sensor 54 and sensor 1 59 detect the glass position in real time, and after confirming that the alignment is in place, trigger the next conveying step; the drag chain 50 and drag chain 1 58 move with the module to ensure the orderly arrangement of cables.

[0025] Precise coating in the coating section: After alignment, the glass enters the coating section. Driven by the large motor 3, the X-axis mover 2 at the top of the frame 1 moves along the X-axis 12 track through the meshing of gear 11 with the lower rack 5 and the side rack 10. At the same time, the Y-axis stator 32 in the Y-axis 13 direction cooperates with the mover 36. Motors 2 34 and 3 35 drive the mover 36 to move along the Y-axis. The slider 37 and rack 38 under the mover and the rack 39 under the Y-axis stator ensure smooth movement. The track 40, limit block 41 and sensing plate 42 achieve precise positioning. The actuating sponge 9, pressure plate 8 and other components of the coating component are driven by the small motor 4 and controlled by the cylinder 6 for lifting. The linear bearing 7 ensures smooth lifting, and finally achieves uniform coating of the film liquid on the glass surface.

[0026] Laser curing section as an alternative to tempering: After the glass coated with liquid undergoes a preliminary drying section to remove some of the solvent, it enters the laser curing section: The laser 64 is fixed to the top of the frame 1, and the emitted laser beam 66 is reflected by the galvanometer 63 and projected vertically onto the glass surface. The galvanometer 63 precisely controls the scanning angle ±45° through the adjusting seat to achieve rapid scanning of the film liquid; the optical path protection cover 65 seals the laser transmission path to prevent laser leakage; the linear platform 69 moves horizontally along the guide rail of the base 15, driving the glass through the curing area. The lower support A68, lower support B70 and lower support device 62 rigidly support the platform from the bottom to ensure that the glass is precisely aligned with the laser projection area. The laser energy decomposes the organic matter in the film layer into a porous silica structure, replacing the high-temperature curing of the traditional tempering furnace.

[0027] Finished product processing at the discharge section: The cured glass is conveyed to the discharge section by the linear platform 69, and the tray of the receiving hopper 72 rises to receive the glass; the pressing platform 71 extends through a hydraulic rod to push the glass into the receiving hopper; if drilling is required, the laser drill 73 moves along the cantilever beam and completes the drilling according to a preset trajectory; finally, the glass is conveyed to the finished product line via the return mechanism, completing the entire preparation process. Through the overall architectural innovation of "laser curing replacing high-temperature tempering furnace", a fully automated production line from glass feeding to finished product discharge has been constructed, realizing low-cost, high-efficiency, and high-quality preparation of anti-reflective coatings on photovoltaic glass surfaces.

[0028] The coating component of the coating section is specifically composed of: a sponge 9, a pressure plate 8, a cylinder 6, and a linear bearing 7 at the actuating end. The sponge 9 is fixed to the bottom of the pressure plate 8 by a snap fastener. The pressure plate 8 is slidably connected to the lifting guide rail of the coating component via the linear bearing 7. The cylinder body of the cylinder 6 is fixed to the horizontal support of the coating component, and the piston rod is rigidly connected to the pressure plate 8. The large motor 3 drives the X-axis mover 2 to move along the X-axis 12. The meshing clearance between the gear 11 and the lower rack 5 is ≤0.05mm, and the moving speed range is 5-20mm / s. The small motor 4... The motion accuracy of the driving liquid coating actuator is ≤0.1mm, the lifting stroke of cylinder 6 is 10-30mm, the coaxiality error of linear bearing 7 is ≤0.02mm, and the Y-axis 13 direction is driven by motor 2 34 and motor 3 35 to move the mover 36 along the Y-axis stator 32. The slider 37 under the mover, the rack 38 under the mover, and the rack 39 under the Y-axis stator ensure the smooth and accurate movement of the Y-axis 13. The track 40 set on the X-axis mover 2 and X-axis 12, as well as the limit block 41 and the sensing plate 42 limit the position of the liquid coating component.

[0029] Specifically: The actuator of the coating component is controlled by cylinder 6 to lift and lower, and contacts the glass surface; the large motor 3 drives the X-axis mover 2 to move along the X-axis 12 through gear 11 meshing with racks 5 and 10, and the small motor 4 drives the Y-axis 13 to move. The linear bearing 7 ensures the smoothness of the movement, so as to achieve uniform coating of the film liquid at a preset thickness of 0.1-1μm. It can precisely control the coating speed of 5-20mm / s, pressure of 5-20N and range, to ensure the uniformity of the film liquid coating and lay the foundation for the subsequent curing quality.

[0030] Laser 64 is vertically fixed to the center of the top of frame 1 by a bracket. Galvanometer 63 is horizontally mounted on the light output path directly below laser 64 via an adjusting seat, and the coaxiality deviation between the two is ≤0.1mm. Optical path protection cover 65 is a closed metal cover that completely encloses the laser transmission space from the light output end of laser 64 to above linear platform 69. The optical path protection cover 65 contains a protected laser beam 66. Linear platform 69 is horizontally slidably connected to base 15 via guide rails. The upper surface of linear platform 69 is perpendicular to the vertical projection of galvanometer 63. The overlap of the regions is ≥95%. The lower supports A68, B70, and 62 are symmetrically distributed at the four corners and sides of the bottom of the linear platform 69. The lower supports A68 and B70 are rigid support columns, and the lower support device 62 is an adjustable support component. The lower supports A68, B70, and 62 together provide rigid support for the linear platform 69 and the glass 67. The fit between the support surfaces of the lower supports A68, B70, and 62 and the lower surface of the linear platform 69 is ≥98%.

[0031] Specifically: Laser 64 is fixed to the top of the frame, and the emitted laser beam 66 is reflected by galvanometer 63 and projected vertically onto the glass surface; galvanometer 63 scans within a ±45° angle range, coordinating with the horizontal movement of linear platform 69 at 5-30 mm / s to achieve area-by-area laser curing of the film layer; lower supports A68, B70, and 62 ensure platform stability, and optical path protection cover 65 prevents laser leakage. This system can replace a high-temperature tempering furnace with a 1064nm laser, using laser energy to decompose organic matter in the film layer and form a porous silica structure, achieving low-temperature rapid curing in 10-60 seconds, solving the problems of high energy consumption and easy glass deformation associated with traditional high-temperature curing.

[0032] The linear module 47 of the straightening component 61 is horizontally mounted on the guide rail of the feeding section base 15. The length direction of the linear module 47 is consistent with the conveying direction of the photovoltaic glass 67. The guide device 55 and the push rod 56 are arranged parallel to the guide rail of the linear module 47, and the deviation between the two and the guide rail of the linear module 47 is ≤0.5mm. The second cylinder 43 is vertically fixed on the base 15 on one side of the linear module 47. The guide rod 44 of the second cylinder 43 extends horizontally and is hinged to one end of the swing rod 45. The other end of the swing rod 45 is vertically connected to the axle of the straightening wheel 46 through a rotating shaft. The wheel surface of the straightening wheel 46 is parallel to the conveying plane of the photovoltaic glass 67. The included angle of the surfaces is 15°-30°. The sensor 54 is vertically fixed below the frame 1 at the end of the feeding section. The parallelism deviation between the detection surface of the sensor 54 and the upper surface of the linear platform 69 is ≤0.2mm. The linear module 57 and the return wheel 60 are symmetrically arranged on the other side of the linear module 47, and together with the return wheel 46 and the linear module 47, they form a symmetrical return structure. The drag chain 58 and the drag chain 50 move synchronously with the linear module 47 and the linear module 57, respectively. The spring assembly 51, the limit block 52 of the return wheel, and the return wheel 53 of the spring assembly are installed at the rotating shaft of the return wheel 46 and the return wheel 60.

[0033] Specifically: the linear module 47 drives the guide device 55 and push rod 56 to push the glass to the alignment area; cylinder 43 drives the swing rod 45 to swing, so that the alignment wheel 46 contacts the side of the glass and applies a thrust of 10-50N, correcting the angle ≤±0.5° and the position deviation ≤±1mm; after the sensor 54 detects the position, it triggers the next action, and the spring assembly 51 and other components assist the alignment wheel to reset. This ensures that the glass is accurately positioned before entering the coating section, avoids uneven coating due to positioning deviation, and improves the stability of subsequent processes.

[0034] The receiving hopper 72 is bolted directly below the discharge end of the linear platform 69. The upper opening size of the receiving hopper 72 is larger than the glass 67 conveying size at the discharge end of the linear platform 69. The depth direction of the receiving hopper 72 is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the linear platform 69. The pressing platform 71 is vertically installed on the frame 1 via a hydraulic rod. The vertical projection area of ​​the pressing platform 71 overlaps with the upper opening area of ​​the receiving hopper 72 by ≥90%. The laser drill 73 is horizontally installed above the discharge section via a cantilever beam. The laser head of the laser drill 73 points vertically downward, and its vertical projection area overlaps with the glass 67 conveying area at the discharge end of the linear platform 69 by ≥95%. The support plate of the receiving hopper 72 has a lifting structure. The height difference between the upper surface of the support plate and the upper surface of the linear platform 69 can be adjusted within the range of 0-50mm. The extension stroke of the hydraulic rod of the pressing platform 71 is adapted to the lifting stroke of the support plate of the receiving hopper 72, ensuring that the glass 67 is pushed off the linear platform 69 and accurately falls into the receiving hopper 72.

[0035] Specifically: the linear platform 69 transports the cured glass to the discharge end, and the receiving hopper 72 lifts up to receive the glass; the pressing platform 71 pushes the glass off the platform, and if drilling is required, the laser drill 73 completes the drilling of 0.1-1mm diameter according to the preset trajectory. Finally, it is transported to the finished product line through the return mechanism. The automated unloading, on-demand drilling and transfer of finished glass connects the front and rear processes and improves the continuity of the production line.

[0036] The Z-axis 14 structure is as follows: the Z-axis mounting base 24 is fixed to the vertical guide rail of the frame 1 or base 15 by bolts; the motor 25 and the reducer 26 are fixed to the top of the Z-axis mounting base 24 by brackets; the output shaft of the motor 25 is reduced by the reducer 26 and drives the synchronous pulley 27 to rotate; one end of the synchronous belt 31 is connected to the slider 28 under the Z-axis mounting base, and the other end is fixed to the base 15; the cylinder body of the cylinder 29 is fixed to the Z-axis mounting base 24; the piston rod is rigidly connected to the slider 28 under the Z-axis mounting base; through the synergistic action of the synchronous belt 31 and the cylinder 29, precise lifting in the Z-axis direction is achieved, with a lifting stroke of 100-500mm, a lifting speed of 10-50mm / s, and a positional accuracy of ≤±0.05mm.

[0037] Specifically: Motor 25 drives synchronous wheel 27 via reducer 26, which in turn drives slider 28 to rise and fall along guide rail 30 via synchronous belt 31; cylinder 29 assists in adjusting the lifting speed to 10-50mm / s and the position accuracy to ≤±0.05mm, achieving precise vertical displacement in the Z-axis direction, and meeting the height adjustment requirements of coating components, laser head or alignment components, adapting to the processing of glass of different thicknesses, and improving the versatility of the equipment.

[0038] The R-axis 16 structure is as follows: the R-axis 16 achieves 360° rotation through the rotary support 18. The inner ring of the rotary support 18 is fixed to the base 15 by bolts, and the outer ring is connected to the drive mechanism through the transition mounting plate 23. The drive motor 19 and the reducer 20 are mounted on the base 15 through the fixed seat 21. After the output shaft of the drive motor 19 is reduced by the reducer 20, it drives the pinion 22 to rotate. The pinion 22 meshes with the outer ring gear of the rotary support 18. The suction cup 17 is fixed to the end of the transition mounting plate 23 by bolts and rotates synchronously with the R-axis 16. The rotation accuracy is ≤±0.5°, the rotation speed is 5-30° / s, and the suction force of the suction cup 17 is 50-500N.

[0039] Specifically: The drive motor 19 drives the pinion 22 via the reducer 20, which meshes with the outer ring gear of the rotating support 18, enabling the R-axis 16 to rotate 360°; the suction cup 17 rotates with the transition mounting plate 23, and uses an adsorption force of 50-500N to transport the glass. In this way, the glass can be rotated and transferred in the production line to adapt to the directional requirements of different processes, such as adjusting the coating or curing angle, thereby improving the flexibility of the production line.

[0040] A process for preparing an antireflective coating for photovoltaic glass surfaces includes the following steps: Material feeding and alignment: Photovoltaic glass 67 is fed to the feeding section by the conveying mechanism. The linear module 47 drives the guide device 55 and push rod 56 to move along the X-axis 12, pushing the glass 67 to the alignment area. The guide rod 44 of cylinder 2 43 extends, driving the swing rod 45 to swing. The alignment wheel 46 contacts the side of the glass 67 and applies a thrust of 10-50N to correct the angle deviation of the glass 67 to ≤±0.5° and the position deviation to ≤±1mm. After the sensor 54 detects that the glass 67 is aligned, it sends a signal. The glass 67 enters the coating section through the conveying mechanism. The whole process takes 5-20 seconds.

[0041] Coating operation: The large motor 3 of the coating section starts, and through the meshing of gear 11 and lower rack 5, drives the X-axis mover 2 to move along the X-axis 12 at a speed of 10-50 mm / s; the small motor 4 starts, and through the transmission mechanism, drives the actuator of the coating component to move: the cylinder 6 extends, and the pressure plate 8 drives the sponge 9 to press down, so that the sponge 9 contacts the surface of the glass 67, and the contact pressure is 5-20 N; the coating component moves along the Y-axis 13 at a speed of 5-30 mm / s, and simultaneously squeezes the film liquid container, so that the antireflective and anti-reflective film liquid is evenly coated on the surface of the glass 67 through the sponge 9, with a coating thickness of 0.1-1 μm, and the coating width matches the width of the glass 67. The entire coating process takes 10-60 seconds.

[0042] Preliminary drying: The coated glass 67 is conveyed to the preliminary drying section by the conveying mechanism. The drying section is equipped with a hot air circulation system with a hot air temperature of 40-80℃ and a wind speed of 1-5m / s. The hot air is used to blow and dry the coating liquid, removing 50%-80% of the solvent. The drying time is 10-30 seconds. After drying, the surface temperature of the glass 67 is ≤30℃.

[0043] Laser curing: The dried glass 67 is conveyed to the laser curing section by the conveying mechanism, and the linear platform 69 drives the glass 67 to move at a speed of 5-30 mm / s; Laser 64 is activated, emitting a laser with a wavelength of 1064nm. The laser beam is scanned by galvanometer 63 at a speed of 100-500mm / s. After being protected by optical path protection cover 65, the laser beam 66 is vertically projected onto the surface of the liquid membrane. By adjusting the power of laser 64 (10-100W) and the scanning speed, the liquid membrane absorbs the laser energy and solidifies. The solidification depth is 0.1-1μm, and the entire solidification process takes 10-60 seconds.

[0044] Material discharge process: The cured glass 67 is sent to the discharge section by the linear platform 69, and the pallet of the receiving hopper 72 is raised to receive the glass 67; If drilling is required, the laser drill 73 is activated and moves along the surface of the glass 67 according to the preset program to complete the drilling. The drilling diameter is 0.1-1mm. After drilling is completed, the hydraulic rod of the lowering platform 71 extends and pushes the glass 67 to the return mechanism, which then transports it to the finished product line. The entire process takes 5-30 seconds.

[0045] Specifically: Loading and alignment: The glass is positioned using an alignment component to ensure accuracy in subsequent processes; Coating: The coating component moves along the X and Y axes to evenly coat the glass surface with the film solution; Preliminary drying: Hot air at 40-80℃ removes 50%-80% of the solvent from the film solution; Laser curing: A 10-100W laser emits a laser beam, which is then scanned by a galvanometer to cure the film layer; Unloading: The finished glass is transferred through a receiving hopper and a pressure platform, and after being punched as needed, it is returned to the production line. Using "laser curing" instead of traditional "high-temperature tempering" reduces the entire process time by 30-170 seconds, shortening it by more than 30% compared to traditional processes, while reducing energy consumption and ensuring film transmittance and adhesion.

[0046] The optimization and control of the laser curing and material feeding alignment steps are as follows: Laser curing optimization: The infrared spectrum data of the film liquid and the thickness data of glass 67 are collected in real time through the online monitoring system. According to the composition of the film liquid, such as the ratio of SiO2 and TiO2 and the thickness of glass 67 (2-10mm), the power of laser 64 is dynamically adjusted by ±10W, the scanning speed of galvanometer 63 is ±50mm / s, and the moving speed of linear platform 69 is ±5mm / s to ensure the uniformity of film liquid curing. The refractive index deviation of the cured film layer is ≤±0.01. Material feeding and alignment optimization: The vision sensor 54 collects the dimensional data of glass 67 in real time (length 1000-2000mm, width 500-1500mm, and position deviation ≤ ±5mm). Based on the dimensions of glass 67, the swing angle of the alignment wheel 46 is adjusted from 0-30°, and the thrust of the guide device 55 and push rod 56 is adjusted from 10-100N to ensure that the position deviation of glass 67 after alignment is ≤ ±0.5mm and the angle deviation is ≤ ±0.5°, providing a basic guarantee for the consistency of subsequent coating and curing.

[0047] Specifically: In the laser curing stage: by monitoring the infrared spectrum of the film solution and the glass thickness online, parameters such as laser power (±10W) and galvanometer scanning speed (±50mm / s) are dynamically adjusted; In the material loading and alignment stage: a vision sensor collects the glass dimensions, and the alignment wheel angle (0-30°) and push rod force (10-100N) are adjusted to ensure positioning accuracy ≤±0.5mm. It can adapt to different glass specifications and film solution characteristics, ensuring a film refractive index deviation ≤±0.01, improving product consistency and yield.

[0048] In this invention, a laser beam 66 is emitted by a 10.6μm wavelength laser 64. The scanning trajectory is controlled by a galvanometer 63, with a scanning angle of ±45° and a speed of 100-500mm / s, and focused on the surface of a photovoltaic glass 67 coated with an organic-inorganic hybrid nanofilm liquid. The laser energy is efficiently absorbed by the film liquid, causing the organic matter in it to decompose in a short time, directly forming a porous silica coating, replacing the traditional curing process of "tempering furnace at 700℃ for 100 seconds + air cooling". The linear platform 69 is slidably connected to the base 15 via a guide rail at a speed of 5-30mm / s, driving the glass 67 to pass through the laser curing area at a uniform speed. The lower supports A68, B70, and 62 provide rigid support from the bottom, ensuring that the glass and the laser projection area are precisely aligned with an overlap of ≥95%. The optical path protection cover 65 is a closed metal cover that completely encloses the laser transmission path from the laser emitting end of the laser 64 to the linear platform 69, preventing laser leakage and ensuring safety. The device rigidly connects the feeding section, coating section, preliminary drying section, laser curing section, and discharge section via the base 15 and frame 1, forming an automated production line: the linear module 47 in the alignment component 61 drives the guide device 55 and push rod 56 to push the glass to the alignment area; the cylinder 43 drives the swing rod 45, so that the alignment wheel 46 makes an angle of 15°-30° with the glass conveying plane and contacts the side of the glass, applying a thrust of 10-50N. Combined with the spring assembly 51 and sensor 54 detecting a parallelism deviation ≤0.2mm, the glass angle deviation is corrected to ≤±0.5° and the position deviation ≤±1mm; driven by the large motor 3, the X-axis mover 2 at the top of the frame 1 meshes with the lower rack 5 and side rack 10 via gear 11, moving along the X-axis 12 at a speed of 5-20mm / s. The gap is ≤0.05mm; the Y-axis stator 32 and mover 36 in the Y-axis 13 direction are linked under the drive of motor 2 34 and motor 35, and the slider 37 and rack 38 under the mover ensure smooth movement with an accuracy of ≤0.1mm; the sponge 9 at the liquid coating execution end is raised and lowered by 10-30mm through the pressure plate 8 and cylinder 6 to contact the glass, so as to achieve uniform coating of liquid with a thickness of 0.1-1μm; the receiving hopper 72 is fixed below the discharge end of the linear platform 69 with an opening size larger than the glass conveying size, and the pallet is raised and lowered by 0-50mm to receive the glass; the vertical projection of the pressing platform 71 overlaps with the receiving hopper ≥90% to push the glass off the platform; the vertical projection of the laser drill 73 overlaps with the glass conveying area ≥95% to drill holes with a diameter of 0.1-1mm as needed, and finally the transfer is completed through the return mechanism.The Z-axis 14 structure: The Z-axis fixed seat 24 drives the synchronous pulley 27 via motor 25 and reducer 26. The synchronous belt 31 drives the slider 28 to move up and down along the guide rail 30 with a stroke of 100-500mm and an accuracy of ≤±0.05mm. Cylinder 29 provides auxiliary adjustment to adapt to the processing requirements of glass of different thicknesses. The R-axis 16 structure: The rotary support 18 achieves 360° rotation with an accuracy of ≤±0.5° via drive motor 19, reducer 20 and pinion 22. The suction cup 17 rotates with the transition mounting plate 23 to achieve multi-directional glass transfer and adsorption force of 50-500N. This enables the integration of the entire process of "feeding-coating-curing-discharging", reducing manual intervention and equipment linkage failures, providing key support for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules, and reducing the production cost of photovoltaic glass deep processing.

[0049] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for preparing an antireflective coating on a photovoltaic glass surface, comprising a feeding section, a coating section, a preliminary drying section, a laser curing section, and a discharging section connected in sequence, wherein each section is rigidly connected by a base (15) and a frame (1), characterized in that: The feeding section includes a alignment component (61), which consists of an alignment wheel (46), a guide device (55), a push rod (56), a swing rod (45), a second cylinder (43), a guide rod (44), a linear module (47), a cable chain (50), a sensor (54), a linear module flange (48), a cylinder (49) of the linear module, a spring assembly (51), a limit block (52) for the alignment wheel, a alignment wheel (53) for the spring assembly, a first linear module (57), a first cable chain (58), a first sensor (59), and a first alignment wheel (60). The alignment wheel (46) is mounted on the end of the swing rod (45) via a rotating shaft. The swing rod (45) is hinged to the guide rod (44) of the second cylinder (43). The guide device (55) is... The push rod (56) is arranged parallel to the guide rail of the linear module (47), the drag chain (50) moves synchronously with the linear module (47), the sensor (54) is fixed at the end of the feeding section to detect the position of the photovoltaic glass (67), the flange (48) of the linear module is used to reinforce the connection between the linear module (47) and the base (15), the cylinder (49) of the linear module assists the linear module (47) in driving, and the spring assembly (51), the limit block (52) of the return wheel, and the return wheel (53) of the spring assembly constitute the elastic return structure of the return wheel (46). The linear module (57), the drag chain (58), the sensor (59), and the return wheel (60) are auxiliary return and conveying positioning components of the feeding section, and move symmetrically or in coordination with the return assembly (61). The coating section includes a coating component, which is slidably connected to the X-axis track of the frame (1). The top of the frame (1) is fixed with an X-axis mover (2), a large motor (3), a small motor (4), a Y-axis (13), a Y-axis stator (32), a mover base (33), a second motor (34), a third motor (35), a mover (36), a slider (37) under the mover, a rack (38) under the mover, a rack (39) under the Y-axis stator, a track (40), a limit block (41), and a sensing plate (42). The output shaft of the large motor (3) meshes with the lower rack (5) at the bottom of the frame (1) through a gear (11) and a side rack (10). And drive the X-axis mover (2) to move along the X-axis (12). The small motor (4) is connected to the execution end of the coating component through the transmission mechanism. The Y-axis (13) is arranged perpendicular to the X-axis (12). The Y-axis stator (32) is fixed to the frame (1). The mover base (33) is connected to the X-axis mover (2). The second motor (34) and the third motor (35) drive the mover (36) to move along the Y-axis (13) respectively. The slider (37) under the mover, the rack (38) under the mover, the rack (39) under the Y-axis stator, the track (40), the limit block (41), and the sensing plate (42) constitute the moving guide and positioning structure in the Y-axis (13) direction. The laser curing section includes a laser (64), a galvanometer (63), an optical path protective cover (65), a linear platform (69), a lower support A (68), a lower support B (70), and a lower support device (62). The laser (64) is fixed to the top of the frame (1) by a bracket. The galvanometer (63) is installed directly below the light output path of the laser (64) by an adjustment seat. The optical path protective cover (65) is a closed metal cover. The linear platform (69) is slidably connected to the base (15) by a guide rail. The lower support A (68), lower support B (70), and lower support device (62) are symmetrically distributed at the bottom of the linear platform (69) and provide rigid support for the platform and the glass (67). The lower support device (62) is an auxiliary support and positioning component of the laser curing section. The discharge section includes a receiving hopper (72), a pressing platform (71), and a laser drill (73). The receiving hopper (72) is fixed to the discharge end of the linear platform (69) by bolts. The pressing platform (71) is connected to the frame (1) by a hydraulic rod. The laser drill (73) is installed above the discharge section by a cantilever beam and performs collaborative actions to discharge, drill, and return finished glass (67).

2. The apparatus for preparing an antireflective coating on a photovoltaic glass surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coating component of the coating section is specifically composed of a sponge (9), a pressure plate (8), a cylinder (6), and a linear bearing (7). The sponge (9) is fixed to the bottom of the pressure plate (8) by a buckle. The pressure plate (8) is slidably connected to the lifting guide rail of the coating component through the linear bearing (7). The cylinder body of the cylinder (6) is fixed to the horizontal support of the coating component. The piston rod is rigidly connected to the pressure plate (8). The large motor (3) drives the X-axis mover (2) to move along the X-axis (12). The meshing gap between the gear (11) and the lower rack (5) is ≤0.05mm, and the moving speed range is 5-20mm / s. The small motor... The motion accuracy of the machine (4) driving the liquid coating actuator is ≤0.1mm. The lifting stroke of the cylinder (6) is 10-30mm. The coaxiality error of the linear bearing (7) is ≤0.02mm. The Y-axis (13) direction is driven by the second motor (34) and the third motor (35) to move the mover (36) along the Y-axis stator (32). The slider (37) under the mover, the rack (38) under the mover, and the rack (39) under the Y-axis stator ensure the smooth and accurate movement of the Y-axis (13). The track (40) set on the X-axis mover (2) and the X-axis (12), as well as the limit block (41) and the sensing plate (42), limit the position of the liquid coating component.

3. The apparatus for preparing an antireflective coating on a photovoltaic glass surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser (64) is vertically fixed to the center of the top of the frame (1) by a bracket. The galvanometer (63) is horizontally installed on the light output path directly below the laser (64) by an adjusting seat, and the coaxiality deviation between the two is ≤0.1mm. The optical path protection cover (65) is a closed metal cover that completely covers the laser transmission space from the light output end of the laser (64) to the linear platform (69). The optical path protection cover (65) contains a protected laser beam (66). The linear platform (69) is horizontally slidably connected to the base (15) by a guide rail. The upper surface of the linear platform (69) is perpendicular to the vertical projection area of ​​the galvanometer (63). The overlap of the domains is ≥95%. The lower support A (68), lower support B (70), and lower support device (62) are symmetrically distributed at the four corners and sides of the bottom of the linear platform (69). The lower support A (68) and lower support B (70) are rigid support columns, and the lower support device (62) is an adjustable support component. The lower support A (68), lower support B (70), and lower support device (62) together provide rigid support for the linear platform (69) and the glass (67). The fit between the support surface of the lower support A (68), lower support B (70), and lower support device (62) and the lower surface of the linear platform (69) is ≥98%.

4. The apparatus for preparing an antireflective coating on a photovoltaic glass surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The linear module (47) of the straightening component (61) is horizontally mounted on the guide rail of the loading section base (15). The length direction of the linear module (47) is consistent with the conveying direction of the photovoltaic glass (67). The guiding device (55) and the push rod (56) are arranged parallel to the guide rail of the linear module (47), and the distance deviation between the two and the guide rail of the linear module (47) is ≤0.5mm. The second cylinder (43) is vertically fixed on the base (15) on one side of the linear module (47). The guide rod (44) of the second cylinder (43) extends horizontally and is hinged to one end of the swing rod (45). The other end of the swing rod (45) is vertically connected to the axle of the straightening wheel (46) through a rotating shaft. The wheel surface of the straightening wheel (46) is perpendicular to the photovoltaic glass (67). The included angle of the conveying plane is 15°-30°. The sensor (54) is vertically fixed below the frame (1) at the end of the feeding section. The parallelism deviation between the detection surface of the sensor (54) and the upper surface of the linear platform (69) is ≤0.2mm. The linear module one (57) and the return wheel one (60) are symmetrically arranged on the other side of the linear module (47) and form a symmetrical return structure with the return wheel (46) and the linear module (47). The drag chain one (58) and the drag chain (50) move synchronously with the linear module (47) and the linear module one (57). The spring assembly (51), the limit block (52) of the return wheel, and the return wheel (53) of the spring assembly are installed at the shaft of the return wheel (46) and the return wheel one (60).

5. The apparatus for preparing an antireflective coating on a photovoltaic glass surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The receiving hopper (72) is fixed to the bottom of the discharge end of the linear platform (69) by bolts. The upper opening size of the receiving hopper (72) is larger than the glass (67) conveying size of the discharge end of the linear platform (69). The depth direction of the receiving hopper (72) is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the linear platform (69). The lowering platform (71) is vertically installed on the frame (1) by hydraulic rods. The vertical projection area of ​​the lowering platform (71) overlaps with the upper opening area of ​​the receiving hopper (72) by ≥90%. The laser drill (73) is horizontally installed by cantilever beams. Above the discharge section, the laser head of the laser drill (73) is vertically downward, and its vertical projection area overlaps with the glass (67) conveying area at the discharge end of the linear platform (69) by ≥95%. The tray of the receiving hopper (72) is a lifting structure. The height difference between the upper surface of the tray and the upper surface of the linear platform (69) can be adjusted within the range of 0-50mm. The extension stroke of the hydraulic rod of the pressing platform (71) is adapted to the lifting stroke of the tray of the receiving hopper (72), and ensures that the glass (67) is pushed off the linear platform (69) and falls accurately into the receiving hopper (72).

6. The apparatus for preparing an antireflective coating on a photovoltaic glass surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Z-axis (14) structure is as follows: the Z-axis fixed seat (24) is fixed to the vertical guide rail of the frame (1) or the base (15) by bolts; the motor (25) and the reducer (26) are fixed to the top of the Z-axis fixed seat (24) by brackets; the output shaft of the motor (25) is reduced by the reducer (26) and drives the synchronous wheel (27) to rotate; one end of the synchronous belt (31) is connected to the slider (28) under the Z-axis fixed seat, and the other end is fixed to the base (15); the cylinder body of the cylinder (29) is fixed to the Z-axis fixed seat (24); the piston rod is rigidly connected to the slider (28) under the Z-axis fixed seat; through the synergistic effect of the synchronous belt (31) and the cylinder (29), the precise lifting in the Z-axis direction is achieved; the lifting stroke is 100-500mm; the lifting speed is 10-50mm / s; and the position accuracy is ≤±0.05mm.

7. The apparatus for preparing an antireflective coating on a photovoltaic glass surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The R-axis (16) structure is as follows: the R-axis (16) achieves 360° rotation function through the rotary support (18). The inner ring of the rotary support (18) is fixed to the base (15) by bolts, and the outer ring is connected to the drive mechanism through the transition mounting plate (23). The drive motor (19) and the reducer (20) are installed on the base (15) through the fixed seat (21). After the output shaft of the drive motor (19) is reduced by the reducer (20), it drives the pinion (22) to rotate. The pinion (22) meshes with the outer ring gear of the rotary support (18). The suction cup (17) is fixed to the end of the transition mounting plate (23) by bolts and rotates synchronously with the R-axis (16). The rotation accuracy is ≤ ±0.5°, the rotation speed is 5-30° / s, and the suction force of the suction cup (17) is 50-500N.

8. A process for preparing an antireflective coating on the surface of photovoltaic glass, using the preparation apparatus described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Feeding and alignment: Photovoltaic glass (67) is fed to the feeding section by the conveying mechanism. The linear module (47) drives the guide device (55) and push rod (56) to move along the X-axis (12) and push the glass (67) to the alignment area. The guide rod (44) of cylinder two (43) extends and drives the swing rod (45) to swing. The alignment wheel (46) contacts the side of the glass (67) and applies a thrust of 10-50N to correct the angle deviation of the glass (67) to ≤±0.5° and the position deviation to ≤±1mm. After the sensor (54) detects that the glass (67) is aligned, it sends a signal and the glass (67) enters the coating section through the conveying mechanism. The whole process takes 5-20 seconds. Coating operation: The large motor (3) of the coating section starts and drives the X-axis mover (2) to move along the X-axis (12) at a speed of 10-50 mm / s through the meshing of the gear (11) and the lower rack (5); the small motor (4) starts and drives the actuator of the coating component to move through the transmission mechanism: the cylinder (6) extends and the pressure plate (8) drives the sponge (9) to press down, so that the sponge (9) contacts the surface of the glass (67) with a contact pressure of 5-20 N; the coating component moves along the Y-axis (13) at a speed of 5-30 mm / s, and simultaneously squeezes the film liquid container, so that the anti-reflective and anti-reflective film liquid is evenly coated on the surface of the glass (67) through the sponge (9), with a coating thickness of 0.1-1 μm and a coating width matching the width of the glass (67). The entire coating process takes 10-60 seconds. Preliminary drying: The glass (67) after coating is sent to the preliminary drying section by the conveying mechanism. The drying section is equipped with a hot air circulation system. The hot air temperature is 40-80℃ and the wind speed is 1-5m / s. The film liquid is blown and dried by hot air to remove 50%-80% of the solvent. The drying time is 10-30 seconds. The surface temperature of the glass (67) after drying is ≤30℃. Laser curing: The dried glass (67) is conveyed to the laser curing section by the conveying mechanism, and the linear platform (69) drives the glass (67) to move at a speed of 5-30 mm / s; The laser (64) is activated and emits a laser with a wavelength of 1064nm. The laser beam (66) is scanned by the galvanometer (63) at a speed of 100-500mm / s. After being protected by the optical path protection cover (65), the laser beam (66) is vertically projected onto the surface of the liquid membrane. By adjusting the power and scanning speed of the laser (64), the liquid membrane absorbs the laser energy and solidifies. The solidification depth is 0.1-1μm, and the entire solidification process takes 10-60 seconds. Discharge process: The cured glass (67) is sent to the discharge section by the linear platform (69), and the pallet of the receiving hopper (72) is raised to receive the glass (67). If drilling is required, the laser drill (73) is started and moves along the glass (67) surface according to the preset program to complete the drilling. The drilling diameter is 0.1-1mm. After the drilling is completed, the hydraulic rod of the lowering platform (71) extends and pushes the glass (67) to the return mechanism, which then transports it to the finished product line. The whole process takes 5-30 seconds.

9. The preparation process of an antireflective coating for photovoltaic glass surface according to claim 8, characterized in that, The optimization control of the laser curing and feeding alignment steps is as follows: Laser curing optimization: The infrared spectrum data of the film liquid and the thickness data of the glass (67) are collected in real time through the online monitoring system. According to the composition of the film liquid and the thickness of the glass (67), the power of the laser (64), the scanning speed of the galvanometer (63) and the moving speed of the linear platform (69) are dynamically adjusted to ensure the curing uniformity of the film liquid. The refractive index deviation of the film layer after curing is ≤ ±0.

01. Material feeding and alignment optimization: The size data and position deviation of the glass (67) are collected in real time by the vision sensor (54). The swing angle of the alignment wheel (46), the guide device (55) and the push rod (56) are adjusted according to the size of the glass (67) to ensure that the position deviation of the glass (67) after alignment is ≤ ±0.5mm and the angle deviation is ≤ ±0.5°.

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