Livestock manure and straw mixed organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and discloses a livestock manure and straw mixed organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following powdery components in parts by weight: 25 to 45 parts of livestock manure powder, 18 to 30 parts of straw powder, 8 to 18 parts of medicine residue complexing core powder, 8 to 16 parts of mushroom dreg powder, 3 to 8 parts of magnesium modified charcoal powder, 3 to 9 parts of clay mineral powder, 1 to 5 parts of phosphorus donor powder and 0.1 to 1.5 parts of microbial spore powder. The finished product is powdery, the water content is less than or equal to 30%, the particle size distribution D90 is less than or equal to 180 microns, the volume density is 0.35-0.65 g / cm < 3 >, and the repose angle is less than or equal to 40 The organic fertilizer provided by the invention can inhibit particle agglomeration and hardening caused by acid-base regulation and drying links.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fertilizer technology, and more specifically, to a mixed organic fertilizer of poultry and livestock manure and straw and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] The co-utilization of livestock and poultry manure and straw for organic fertilizer production is common in the industry. Existing technologies often employ windrow composting, closed fermentation, granulation, or the use of inorganic adsorbents such as zeolite, bentonite, and biochar to reduce ammonia emissions and improve the appearance and storage / transport performance of the finished product. However, these approaches primarily focus on granular products or rely on a high proportion of inorganic components; when the target product is limited to powder form, the requirements for process window and formulation stability increase significantly.

[0003] When plant residue and fermentation residue are introduced into a powdered system simultaneously, the differences in material composition and interfacial chemistry introduce additional complexity. Plant residue usually contains residual polyphenols and organic acids, which are coordinating functional groups, while fermentation residue often contains charged extracellular polymers. When these two substances coexist with nitrogen-containing organic matrices, soluble phosphorus sources, and metal ions, ionic cross-linking and polymer bridging easily occur during acid-base adjustment, mixing, and drying processes, leading to particle aggregation and caking.

[0004] The aforementioned agglomeration and caking directly lead to difficulties in powder sieving and particle size distribution drift, which further manifests as reduced fluidity, unstable bulk density and angle of repose, and increased risk of agglomeration during storage and transportation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a mixed organic fertilizer of poultry and livestock manure and straw and its preparation method, aiming to solve the problem of agglomeration and compaction of fertilizer particles in the current technology.

[0006] This invention proposes a mixed organic fertilizer of poultry and livestock manure and straw, which comprises the following powdered components by weight: 25-45 parts poultry and livestock manure powder, 18-30 parts straw powder, 8-18 parts medicinal residue complexed kernel powder, 8-16 parts fungal residue powder, 3-8 parts magnesium-modified biochar powder, 3-9 parts clay mineral powder, 1-5 parts phosphorus donor powder, and 0.1-1.5 parts microbial spore powder; the finished product is in powder form, with a moisture content ≤30%, a particle size distribution D90 ≤180μm, a bulk density of 0.35-0.65g / cm3, and an angle of repose ≤40°.

[0007] Furthermore, the drug residue complexed nucleus powder is obtained by reacting citric acid molecules with the phenolic carboxyl groups in the drug residue to generate a drug residue activated liquid. The Ca2+ provided by calcium sulfate dihydrate or calcium carbonate coordinates with the phenolic carboxyl groups in the drug residue activated liquid to form an organic calcium complex. The drug residue complexed nucleus powder is obtained by drying and pulverizing.

[0008] The residue is hawthorn residue, and the total phenol mass fraction in the complexed kernel powder of the residue is 2-8%, and the organic calcium complexation ratio is 0.10-0.35 based on the phenol hydroxyl equivalent.

[0009] Furthermore, the magnesium-modified biochar powder is produced by surface coordination and ion exchange between magnesium sulfate solution or magnesium oxide suspension and oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of biochar to generate biochar with magnesium active sites. After drying and pulverizing, the magnesium content is 2-6% by mass. The phosphorus donor powder is selected from one or two of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate powder, potassium dihydrogen phosphate powder, and finely powdered phosphate rock powder.

[0010] Furthermore, the bacterial residue powder is the ground residue of lactic acid bacteria fermentation, and the mass fraction of extracellular polymers in the bacterial residue powder is 5-15%; the clay mineral powder is natural zeolite powder and / or bentonite powder, and the cation exchange capacity of the clay mineral powder is ≥60 cmol / kg.

[0011] Furthermore, the microbial spore powder is a dried spore powder of one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, with a spore count of not less than 1×10⁸ CFU / g, a spore rate of not less than 90%, and a moisture content of not more than 8.0%.

[0012] Furthermore, the organic fertilizer includes the following preparation steps:

[0013] (1) Mix the dregs with a 0.5-1.5% citric acid aqueous solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(3-5) and stir for 60-90 min; add calcium sulfate dihydrate powder or calcium carbonate powder to adjust the pH to 6.2-6.8 and stir for 30-60 min; perform solid-liquid separation, dry at 60-80℃ until the moisture content is not higher than 10%, pulverize and pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain dregs complexed nucleus powder;

[0014] (2) Mix the mushroom residue with deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:(3-5) and stir for 30-60 minutes. Let it stand for 2-4 hours and take the supernatant. Adjust the pH of the supernatant to 3.6-4.2 with lactic acid and control the conductivity at 3.0-6.0 mS / cm to obtain the mushroom residue extract acid solution. Chop the straw to 10-30 mm and soak it with the mushroom residue extract acid solution at a liquid-to-material mass ratio of (0.8-1.2):1 for 12-24 hours. After draining, pre-dry it with airflow for 10-20 minutes until the moisture content is 8-12%. Crush it to 0.3-1.5 mm to obtain straw powder.

[0015] (3) In a closed mixer, magnesium-modified biochar powder and phosphorus donor powder are premixed for 2-5 minutes to obtain a phosphorus-magnesium contact body;

[0016] (4) Add poultry and livestock manure powder, medicinal residue complexed kernel powder, straw powder, mushroom residue powder, clay mineral powder and phosphorus magnesium contactor to the closed mixer in sequence, spray mushroom residue extract acid solution, adjust the pH of the mixing system to 4.0-4.5 and mix for 5-10 minutes to obtain acidic homogenate;

[0017] (5) Add 0.5-1.5% by mass of sodium bicarbonate solution or calcium hydroxide suspension of acid homogenate to acid homogenate, raise the pH to 8.2-8.8 and maintain it for 10-20 min to obtain alkalized product;

[0018] (6) Adjust the pH of the alkalized compound to 6.6-7.2 and mix for 8-15 minutes to obtain a wet mixture;

[0019] (7) Mature the wet mixture at 45-55℃ for 24-48 hours; intermittently ventilate at a cycle of 30-45 minutes of ventilation followed by 15-30 minutes of ventilation stoppage, and mechanically turn the mixture every 6-8 hours; control the pH range of 6.5-7.5 during the maturation process.

[0020] (8) Cool the matured material naturally to ≤35℃, add microbial spore powder and mix with low shear for 3-5 min; pulverize and pass through an 80-120 mesh sieve, controlling the moisture content to ≤30% and the particle size distribution D90 to ≤180μm.

[0021] Furthermore, the solid-liquid separation in step (1) is filtration or centrifugation, and the drying is hot air circulation drying.

[0022] Furthermore, in step (2), before the straw and mushroom residue are soaked in the acidic extract, they are pre-dried by airflow for 10-20 minutes at an inlet air temperature of 55-70℃ and an outlet air temperature of 40-50℃.

[0023] Further, steps (4) and (6) are carried out in a horizontal paddle mixer at a mixing speed of 60-120 rpm; step (5) maintains pH for 10-20 min; and step (7) performs pH and moisture content tests after each mechanical turning.

[0024] Furthermore, in step (8), the pulverization is carried out using an air jet mill or a hammer mill, and the sieving is done using an 80-120 mesh screen; the bulk density of the powdered finished product is controlled at 0.35-0.65 g / cm3, and the angle of repose is not greater than 40°.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] The formulation and process of this invention synergistically stabilize the compatibility between raw materials while maintaining the powder form: Hawthorn residue complexed core powder, obtained through complexation and activation, is mixed with a premixed contact medium of magnesium-modified biochar and phosphorus donor, lactic acid bacteria fermentation residue powder, and clay mineral powder in a predetermined order and then matured. Microbial spore powder is then added at a low temperature stage, significantly alleviating spontaneous agglomeration and caking caused by polyphenols, organic acids, extracellular polymers, and metal ions during processing. Consequently, the screen remains clear, and the powder yield and sieving pass rate are improved during production. The finished product exhibits high particle size distribution and reduced batch-to-batch fluctuations. The powder demonstrates good flowability and stacking consistency during packaging, storage, transportation, and application, reducing the risk of agglomeration. Simultaneously, the distribution of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the formula is more uniform at the powder scale, reducing the release of ammonia and odors during processing. Segregation and stratification during long-term storage are suppressed, and microbial spore activity remains good. Overall, this results in enhanced process reproducibility, improved product consistency and reliability, and effectively overcomes the practical application obstacles caused by agglomeration and caking of powder systems. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a product morphology diagram of the mixed organic fertilizer of poultry and livestock manure and straw according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] I. Raw material specifications:

[0032] Poultry and livestock manure powder: pre-dried to a moisture content of ≤30%, and passed through an 80-mesh sieve;

[0033] Straw: Mainly corn stalks;

[0034] Hawthorn residue: derived from the solid residue after decoction or water-alcohol extraction;

[0035] Lactic acid bacteria fermentation residue: a solid dried after pressure filtration;

[0036] Biochar: Obtained by pyrolysis of straw-like biomass at 500-650℃;

[0037] Clay mineral powder: natural zeolite powder and bentonite powder in a mass ratio of 1:1 (both passed through 120 mesh);

[0038] Phosphorus donor powder: potassium dihydrogen phosphate;

[0039] Microbial spore powder: Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis mixed spore powder in a 1:1 ratio (spore count ≥ 1 × 10⁻⁶) 8 CFU / g, moisture ≤8.0%).

[0040] Animal manure powder: made from solid cow manure through crushing.

[0041] Main equipment: Horizontal paddle mixer (600L, frequency conversion 0-200rpm, with spray nozzle), filter press, hot air circulating drying box, maturation chamber (ventilated, with controllable air supply / stop cycle), air jet mill, vibrating screen (80-120 mesh), laser particle size analyzer, pH meter, conductivity meter.

[0042] II. Formulation and Feeding (based on 100kg dry weight)

[0043] 40.0 kg of poultry and livestock manure powder, 21.5 kg of straw powder, 14.0 kg of medicinal residue complexed kernel powder, 12.0 kg of fungal residue powder, 5.0 kg of magnesium-modified biochar powder, 5.0 kg of clay mineral powder, 1.5 kg of phosphorus donor powder, and 1.0 kg of microbial spore powder.

[0044] III. Preparation of Residue Complexed with Nucleus Powder

[0045] (1) Add the dried hawthorn residue to a 1.0% (w / w) citric acid aqueous solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:4 and stir for 75 minutes to obtain the residue activation solution;

[0046] (2) Slowly add calcium carbonate powder, adjust the pH to 6.5, and continue stirring for 45 minutes;

[0047] (3) Filter pressure separation, and the filter cake is dried with hot air at 70℃ until the moisture content is ≤10%;

[0048] (4) Crush and pass through a 100-mesh sieve, collect the drug residue complexed kernel powder for later use. The total phenol mass fraction of this batch of drug residue complexed kernel powder is controlled at 2-8%, and the complexation ratio is 0.10-0.35 based on phenol hydroxyl equivalent (inspection upon warehousing).

[0049] IV. Acidic solution extracted from mushroom residue and straw pretreatment

[0050] (1) Preparation of fermentation residue extract acid solution: Mix lactic acid bacteria fermentation residue with deionized water at a ratio of 1:4, stir for 45 min, let stand for 3 h and take the supernatant; adjust the pH to 3.8 with food grade lactic acid and adjust the conductivity to about 4.5 mS / cm to obtain fermentation residue extract acid solution.

[0051] (2) Straw pre-drying (before soaking): Before chopping, the straw is pre-dried for 15 minutes by airflow at 65℃ inlet and 45℃ outlet.

[0052] (3) Chopping and soaking straw: Chop the straw to about 20mm and soak it in the fungal residue extract acid solution at a liquid-to-material ratio of 1.0:1 for 18 hours;

[0053] (4) Straw pre-drying (after soaking): After draining, pre-dry the straw for 15 minutes with an airflow of 60°C at the inlet and 45°C at the outlet to reduce the moisture content to 10% ± 2%.

[0054] (5) Crush to 0.3-1.5mm and sieve to collect straw powder.

[0055] V. Magnesium-modified biochar and phosphorus donor premix

[0056] (1) Preparation of magnesium-modified biochar: The biochar was soaked in 10% (w / w) magnesium sulfate solution for 1 hour, filtered out and dried at 90°C to constant weight, pulverized through 100 mesh, and the Mg mass fraction was determined to be about 4%.

[0057] (2) Magnesium-modified biochar powder and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were premixed for 3 minutes in a closed mixer to obtain magnesium-phosphorus contact material.

[0058] VI. Acidity homogenization—alkalization—neutralization and stabilization

[0059] (1) Acid homogenization: Add poultry and livestock manure powder, medicinal residue complexed kernel powder, straw powder, mushroom residue powder, clay mineral powder and phosphorus magnesium contactor to the mixer in sequence; add an appropriate amount of mushroom residue extract acid solution through the spray nozzle to make the pH of the material 4.3±0.2, and mix at 90 rpm for 8 minutes.

[0060] (2) Alkalization stage: Add 1.0% (based on wet mixture) sodium bicarbonate solution dropwise in stages to raise the pH to 8.5±0.2 and maintain it for 15 min;

[0061] (3) Neutralization and stabilization: Spray a small amount of deionized water or reuse a small amount of bacterial residue extract acid solution to adjust the pH to 6.8±0.2 and continue mixing for 12 minutes to obtain a wet mixture.

[0062] VII. Maturation

[0063] The wet mixture was sent into the maturation chamber and matured at 50℃ for 36 hours. The process was repeated with a cycle of 40 minutes of air supply and 20 minutes of air stoppage, and mechanical turning was performed every 6 hours. After each turning, the pH and moisture content were measured, and the pH was maintained within the range of 6.5-7.5.

[0064] VIII. Post-mixing, powder shaping and sieving

[0065] (1) Allow to cool naturally to ≤35℃;

[0066] (2) Add microbial spore powder and mix at low shear for 4 min (not exceeding 35℃);

[0067] (3) Grind the product by air jet mill and pass it through an 80-120 mesh sieve. Control the moisture content of the finished product to ≤30% and the particle size distribution D90 to ≤180μm.

[0068] (4) Measure the bulk density (cylinder method) and control it within 0.35-0.65 g / cm³. 3 ; Measure the angle of repose (funnel method), not greater than 40°; Seal and package.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] Formulation (dry basis)

[0071] 35.0 kg of poultry and livestock manure powder, 25.0 kg of straw powder, 10.0 kg of medicinal residue complexed kernel powder, 16.0 kg of fungal residue powder, 3.0 kg of magnesium-modified biochar powder, 6.0 kg of clay mineral powder, 1.0 kg of phosphorus donor powder, and 0.5 kg of microbial spore powder.

[0072] Key steps

[0073] 1) Complexing of medicinal residue with kernel powder: Citric acid 0.8% (w / w), solid-liquid ratio 1:3, stir for 60 min; adjust pH to 6.3 with calcium sulfate dihydrate, stir for 30 min; filter and pressure, dry at 60℃ to ≤10%, and pass through 100 mesh.

[0074] 2) Extraction of acid solution from mushroom residue: mushroom residue: water = 1:3, stir for 30 minutes, let stand for 2 hours; adjust the pH to 4.0 and the conductivity to about 3.5 mS / cm with lactic acid.

[0075] 3) Straw treatment: Pre-dry before soaking (inlet air 60℃ / outlet air 40℃, 10min); chop to 10-15mm; soak at a liquid-to-material ratio of 0.8:1 for 12h; after draining, pre-dry (inlet air 55℃ / outlet air 40℃, 10min) to a moisture content of about 12%; crush to 0.3-1.0mm.

[0076] 4) Premix: Magnesium-modified biochar (Mg≈2.5%) is premixed with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate for 2 min.

[0077] 5) Three mixing stages: acidic homogenization to pH 4.2, mixing for 5 min; alkalization stage: raise pH to 8.3 with 1.2% calcium hydroxide suspension and maintain for 10 min; neutralize to pH 6.6, mixing for 8 min.

[0078] 6) Curing: 45℃×24h, with air supply for 30min / air stop for 15min, and turning interval for 6h;

[0079] 7) Post-mixing and shaping: Add 0.5 kg of spore powder at ≤35℃ and mix for 3 min; grind into powder using a hammer mill and pass through a double sieve (100 mesh and 120 mesh); moisture content ≤30%, D90 ≤180 μm; bulk density 0.40-0.60 g / cm³ 3 Angle of repose ≤ 40°.

[0080] Example 3

[0081] Differences

[0082] 1) Replace the phosphorus donor powder with finely powdered phosphate rock powder (D50≈15μm), and feed 2.0kg;

[0083] 2) Magnesium-modified biochar was modified using magnesium oxide suspension: biochar was impregnated with 10% (w / w) MgO suspension for 1 hour and dried at 90℃, with a Mg mass fraction of approximately 6%.

[0084] 3) Only natural zeolite powder (without bentonite) is used for the clay mineral powder, with an input of 6.0 kg;

[0085] 4) The spore powder is a single strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with a spore count ≥1×10⁹ CFU / g, and the feed amount is 0.3 kg.

[0086] step

[0087] The process was performed in the order and with the equipment described in Example 1; the acid homogenization pH was controlled at 4.5 and mixed for 5 minutes; the alkalization stage was performed by raising the pH to 8.8 with a 1.0% sodium bicarbonate solution and maintaining it for 12 minutes; the pH was neutralized to 7.0 and mixed for 10 minutes; the maturation temperature was 55°C and the time was 24 hours; all other conditions remained unchanged. After completion, the mixture was crushed, sieved, and packaged, and the moisture content, particle size distribution, bulk density, and angle of repose were tested, meeting the requirements of the claims.

[0088] Detection and Judgment Methods

[0089] 1) Moisture content: Dry at 105℃ to constant weight.

[0090] 2) Particle size distribution: Laser particle size analyzer (gas dispersion, 0.1MPa), statistical analysis of D10 / D50 / D90.

[0091] 3) Bulk density: Filled by free fall of a 500mL graduated cylinder and weighed for calculation.

[0092] 4) Angle of repose: Standard funnel method, calculated by measuring bottom diameter and stack height.

[0093] 5) pH: 1:10 (water:sample) suspension, stir for 30 min and then measure.

[0094] 6) Conductivity: directly measured by the acidic extract of the bacterial residue.

[0095] 7) Microbial spore count and spore rate: plate count and count after heat treatment.

[0096] 8) Total phenols in the complexed nuclear powder of medicinal residue: Folin–Ciocalteu method (calculated as galactoic acid); complexation ratio: calculated based on phenolic hydroxyl equivalents and Ca equivalents.

[0097] 9) Cation exchange capacity of clay mineral powder: ammonium saturated-distillation titration method or methylene blue adsorption method (according to enterprise standards).

[0098] Test results

[0099]

[0100]

[0101] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mixed organic fertilizer of poultry and livestock manure and straw, comprising, by weight, the following powdered components: 25-45 parts poultry and livestock manure powder, 18-30 parts straw powder, 8-18 parts medicinal residue complexed kernel powder, 8-16 parts mushroom residue powder, 3-8 parts magnesium-modified biochar powder, 3-9 parts clay mineral powder, 1-5 parts phosphorus donor powder, and 0.1-1.5 parts microbial spore powder; the finished product is in powder form, with a moisture content ≤30%, a particle size distribution D90 ≤180μm, and a bulk density of 0.35-0.65g / cm³. 3 Angle of repose ≤ 40°.

2. The mixed organic fertilizer of poultry and livestock manure and straw according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves a complexation and activation reaction between citric acid molecules and the phenolic carboxyl groups in the medicinal residue to generate an activated medicinal residue solution. Calcium sulfate dihydrate or calcium carbonate provides the Ca2+. 2+ The phenolic carboxyl groups in the activated liquid of medicinal residue coordinate to form an organic calcium complex, which is then dried and pulverized to obtain medicinal residue complexed core powder; The residue is hawthorn residue, and the total phenol mass fraction in the complexed kernel powder of the residue is 2-8%, and the organic calcium complexation ratio is 0.10-0.35 based on the phenol hydroxyl equivalent.

3. The mixed organic fertilizer of poultry and livestock manure and straw according to claim 1, characterized in that, Magnesium-modified biochar powder is produced by surface coordination and ion exchange between magnesium sulfate solution or magnesium oxide suspension and oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of biochar, generating biochar with magnesium-containing active sites. After drying and pulverizing, the magnesium content is 2-6% by mass. The phosphorus donor powder is selected from one or two of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate powder, potassium dihydrogen phosphate powder, and finely powdered phosphate rock powder.

4. The mixed organic fertilizer of poultry and livestock manure and straw according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermentation residue powder is the ground residue of lactic acid bacteria fermentation, and the mass fraction of extracellular polymers in the fermentation residue powder is 5-15%; the clay mineral powder is natural zeolite powder and / or bentonite powder, and the cation exchange capacity of the clay mineral powder is ≥60 cmol / kg.

5. The mixed organic fertilizer of poultry and livestock manure and straw according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial spore powder is a dried spore powder of one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, with a spore count of not less than 1 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, spore rate not less than 90%, moisture content not more than 8.0%.

6. The mixed organic fertilizer of poultry and livestock manure and straw according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The organic fertilizer includes the following preparation steps: (1) Mix the dregs with a 0.5-1.5% citric acid aqueous solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(3-5) and stir for 60-90 min; add calcium sulfate dihydrate powder or calcium carbonate powder to adjust the pH to 6.2-6.8 and stir for 30-60 min; perform solid-liquid separation, dry at 60-80℃ until the moisture content is not higher than 10%, pulverize and pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain dregs complexed nucleus powder; (2) Mix the mushroom residue with deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:(3-5) and stir for 30-60 minutes. Let it stand for 2-4 hours and take the supernatant. Adjust the pH of the supernatant to 3.6-4.2 with lactic acid and control the conductivity at 3.0-6.0 mS / cm to obtain mushroom residue extract acid solution. Chop the straw to 10-30 mm and soak it with the mushroom residue extract acid solution at a liquid-to-material mass ratio of (0.8-1.2):1 for 12-24 hours. After draining, pre-dry it with airflow for 10-20 minutes until the moisture content is 8-12%. Crush it to 0.3-1.5 mm to obtain straw powder. (3) In a closed mixer, magnesium-modified biochar powder and phosphorus donor powder are premixed for 2-5 minutes to obtain a phosphorus-magnesium contact body. (4) Add poultry and livestock manure powder, medicinal residue complexed kernel powder, straw powder, mushroom residue powder, clay mineral powder and phosphorus magnesium contactor to the closed mixer in sequence, spray mushroom residue extract acid solution, adjust the pH of the mixing system to 4.0-4.5 and mix for 5-10 minutes to obtain acidic homogenate; (5) Add 0.5-1.5% by mass of sodium bicarbonate solution or calcium hydroxide suspension of acid homogenate to acid homogenate, raise the pH to 8.2-8.8 and maintain it for 10-20 min to obtain alkalized product; (6) Adjust the pH of the alkalized compound to 6.6-7.2 and mix for 8-15 minutes to obtain a wet mixture; (7) Mature the wet mixture at 45-55℃ for 24-48 hours; intermittently ventilate at a cycle of 30-45 minutes of ventilation followed by 15-30 minutes of ventilation stoppage, and mechanically turn the mixture every 6-8 hours; control the pH range of 6.5-7.5 during the maturation process. (8) Cool the matured material naturally to ≤35℃, add microbial spore powder and mix with low shear for 3-5 min; pulverize and pass through an 80-120 mesh sieve, controlling the moisture content to ≤30% and the particle size distribution D90 to ≤180μm.

7. The mixed organic fertilizer of poultry and livestock manure and straw according to claim 6, characterized in that, The solid-liquid separation in step (1) is filtration or centrifugation, and the drying is hot air circulation drying.

8. The mixed organic fertilizer of poultry and livestock manure and straw according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (2), before the straw and mushroom residue are soaked in the acidic extract, they are pre-dried by airflow for 10-20 minutes at an inlet air temperature of 55-70℃ and an outlet air temperature of 40-50℃.

9. The mixed organic fertilizer of poultry and livestock manure and straw according to claim 6, characterized in that, Steps (4) and (6) are carried out in a horizontal paddle mixer at a mixing speed of 60-120 rpm; Step (5) maintains pH for 10-20 min; Step (7) pH and moisture content are tested after each mechanical turning.

10. The mixed organic fertilizer of poultry and livestock manure and straw according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (8), the grinding is carried out using an air jet mill or a hammer mill, and the sieving is done using an 80-120 mesh sieve; the bulk density of the powdered product is controlled at 0.35-0.65 g / cm³. 3 The angle of repose is no greater than 40°.

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