Dithienylethene type molecular switch constructed based on ferrocene and triarylated amine electroactive groups and preparation method and application of dithienylethene type molecular switch

Abstract

The invention discloses a dithienylethene type molecular switch constructed based on ferrocene and triarylated amine electroactive groups, and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of molecular switches. According to the invention, two dithienylethene isomers with phenyl-ferrocene and triarylamine redox activity terminals respectively are prepared, and a multifunctional system with adjustable charge delocalization and gated photochromism is researched through organic-inorganic heteronuclear integration. The two isomers both show a significant reversible light isomerization behavior, can easily interchange between an open-loop structure and a closed-loop structure, and show more excellent performance in the aspects of optical response rate, fatigue resistance and solid reversibility. Electrochemical analysis also reveals that the redox potential of the closed-loop isomer is obviously reduced. The test result not only reflects the key influence of the molecular structure and the end group orientation on the photochromic performance, but also establishes a basic design principle for developing an advanced molecular switch capable of accurately regulating and controlling the photoelectric performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of molecular switch technology, and in particular to a dithiophene ethylene-type molecular switch based on ferrocene and triarylamine electroactive groups, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Photochromic molecules, especially dithiophene ethylene (DTE) compounds, exhibit great potential in molecular switches, data storage, and optoelectronic devices due to their ability to undergo photoinduced reversible transitions between two structures (open-ring and closed-ring), accompanied by significant changes in optical and physical properties. These materials typically possess good thermal stability, high responsiveness, and excellent fatigue resistance. In existing technologies, researchers have modulated the photochromic properties of DTEs by modifying cyclopentene bridges and thiophene terminal groups (e.g., using donor-acceptor structures like D-DTE-A or A-DTE-A) and constructing supramolecular structures, aiming to develop molecular switches with superior visible light responsiveness.

[0003] Although progress has been made in the study of photochromic ditetrafluoroethylene (DTE) molecules as linking groups to regulate electronic coupling—for example, achieving photo-switching electron transfer in homonuclear systems connecting the same metal unit (such as ruthenium or iron) or in purely organic mixed-valence systems—current technologies still have significant limitations. First, successfully constructed and detailed-characterized organic-inorganic heteronuclear DTE molecular switches (i.e., those connecting two different redox-active groups) are extremely rare, and their photocontrolled charge delocalization characteristics have not been fully studied. Second, the performance of existing DTE molecular switches in solid-state environments (such as optical response rate, fatigue resistance, and reversibility) still has considerable room for improvement, which is crucial for their practical application. Third, there is a lack of systematic design principles and effective solutions for optimizing the photochromic and electrochemical synergistic performance of molecules by precisely controlling the structure and spatial orientation of terminal groups.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field to develop novel organic-inorganic heteronuclear molecular switches based on the DTE framework. These switches not only need to possess excellent and tunable photochromic behavior (especially in the solid state), but also need to effectively achieve photocontrolled electron transfer and charge delocalization, providing core materials with superior performance for the development of multifunctional optoelectronic devices. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One of the objectives of this invention is to address the problems mentioned above by providing a dithiophene-ethylene type molecular switch constructed based on ferrocene and triarylamine electroactive groups.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a dithiophene vinyl molecular switch based on ferrocene and triarylamine electroactive groups, the structural formula of which includes the following two types:

[0007] Compound 3:

[0008] Compound 4:

[0009] The above-mentioned dithiophene-ethylene type molecular switches, constructed based on ferrocene and triarylamine electroactive groups, were prepared according to the following route:

[0010]

[0011] In this preparation route, intermediate 2 is prepared from raw material 1, and then compound 3 is prepared from intermediate 2, or compound 4 is prepared from intermediate 2.

[0012] More preferably, the step of preparing intermediate 2 includes: reacting raw material 1 with n-butyllithium and tris(n-butoxy)boron, and then subjecting the product to Suzuki coupling with 4-bromotriphenylamine to obtain intermediate 2.

[0013] More preferably, the steps for preparing compound 3 include: dissolving intermediate 2 in anhydrous THF under an inert N2 atmosphere, cooling and then adding n-butyllithium dropwise while stirring at room temperature; subsequently, injecting tris(n-butoxy)boron into the system and continuing stirring at room temperature; under N2 protection, adding 4-bromophenylferrocene, tetra(triphenylphosphine)palladium and an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate to another dry flask; then transferring the previously prepared borate ester solution to this flask under positive N2 pressure; heating and vigorously stirring the resulting mixture; after cooling to room temperature, extracting the reaction mixture with dichloromethane; drying the combined organic extracts with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrating under vacuum and purifying to obtain compound 3.

[0014] Furthermore, the steps for preparing compound 4 include: dissolving intermediate 2 in anhydrous THF under an inert N2 atmosphere, cooling and then adding n-butyllithium dropwise while stirring at room temperature; subsequently, injecting tris(n-butoxy)boron into the system and continuing stirring at room temperature; under N2 protection, adding 3-bromophenylferrocene, tetra(triphenylphosphine)palladium and an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate to another dry flask; then transferring the previously prepared borate ester solution to this flask under positive N2 pressure; heating and vigorously stirring the resulting mixture; after cooling to room temperature, extracting the reaction mixture with dichloromethane; drying the combined organic extracts with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrating under vacuum and purifying to obtain compound 4.

[0015] The dithiophene vinyl molecular switch constructed based on ferrocene and triarylamine electroactive groups described above can be used to regulate the electron transport characteristics of optically modulated electronic devices; or for the preparation of photochromic functional layers in optoelectronic devices.

[0016] Compared to existing technologies, the molecular switch compounds of this invention exhibit superior photocyclization kinetics, quantum yield, and fatigue resistance. When applied to optical thin films, they demonstrate excellent photochromic properties and possess potential as photoresponsive materials for future applications. Furthermore, electrochemical and theoretical analyses confirm that the molecular switch compounds possess extended conjugation and stable charge transfer pathways, enabling lower oxidation potentials and enhanced electronic communication. Simultaneously, this invention demonstrates the importance of terminal group positioning in optimizing photoresponse performance and charge delocalization, providing a strategic framework for developing advanced molecular switches suitable for optoelectronics, data storage, and photopharmacology. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 The hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (400MHz, CDCl3) of compound 3 in Example 1 is shown.

[0018] Figure 2 The carbon-13 NMR spectrum (100MHz, CDCl3) of compound 3 in Example 1;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a high-resolution mass spectrometry data image of compound 3 in Example 1;

[0020] Figure 4 The hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (400MHz, CDCl3) of compound 4 in Example 2 is shown.

[0021] Figure 5 The carbon-13 NMR spectrum (100MHz, CDCl3) of compound 4 in Example 2;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a high-resolution mass spectrometry data image of compound 4 in Example 2;

[0023] Figure 7 Compound 3 in Example 1 was tested in different solvents (2.0 × 10⁻⁶). -5 Photochromic behavior of compound 3 (mol / L) under alternating irradiation with ultraviolet light (254 nm) and visible light (>420 nm); where: (a) toluene solution; (b) tetrahydrofuran solution; (c) dimethyl sulfoxide solution; inset shows a comparison of solution color changes; (d) reversible absorption intensity change of compound 3 at 553 nm after 6 irradiation cycles in THF; (e) comparison of ultraviolet absorption spectra of open-ring and closed-ring states of compound 3 in different solvent systems; (f) photoisomerization kinetics of compound 3 in different solvents (tracking the ultraviolet irradiation reaction process by monitoring the maximum absorption value change of the closed-ring isomer 4c in 400-700 nm);

[0024] Figure 8 Compound 4 in Example 2 was tested in different solvents (2.0 × 10⁻⁶).-5 M) Photochromic behavior under alternating irradiation with ultraviolet light (254 nm) and visible light (>402 nm); where: (a) toluene solution; (b) tetrahydrofuran solution; (c) dimethyl sulfoxide solution; (inset shows a comparison of solution color changes); (d) the change in reversible absorption intensity of compound 4 at 542 nm after 10 irradiation cycles in THF; (e) comparison of ultraviolet absorption spectra of the open-ring and closed-ring states of compound 4 in different solvent systems; (f) the photoisomerization kinetics of compound 4 in different solvents (tracking the ultraviolet irradiation reaction process by monitoring the change in the maximum absorbance of the closed-ring isomer 4c in the 400-700 nm range);

[0025] Figure 9 This is a graph showing the change in absorption intensity of compound 3 in toluene solution at 557 nm after four irradiation cycles in Example 1.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a graph showing the change in absorption intensity of compound 4 in toluene solution at 547 nm after ten irradiation cycles in Example 2.

[0027] Figure 11 The graph shows the change in absorbance of compound 3 in Example 1 in a PMMA film after alternating irradiation with ultraviolet light (254 nm) and visible light (>402 nm).

[0028] Figure 12 The graph shows the change in absorbance of compound 4 in Example 2 in a PMMA film after alternating irradiation with ultraviolet light (254 nm) and visible light (>402 nm).

[0029] Figure 13 Electrochemical analysis of the open-ring isomer (3o) and the closed-ring isomer (3c), wherein: (a) THF / n In the Bu4NPF6 system, 0.1 V·s -1 Cyclic voltammetry curves at scan rate; (b) 0.1 V·s -1 Square wave voltammetry curve at scan rate (f = 10 Hz); peaks marked with an asterisk (*) belong to the second oxidation process of the triphenylamine group;

[0030] Figure 14 Electrochemical analysis of the open-ring isomer (4o) and the closed-ring isomer (4c), wherein: (a) THF / n In the Bu4NPF6 system, 0.1 V·s -1 Cyclic voltammetry curves at scan rate; (b) 0.1 V·s -1 Square wave voltammetry curve at scan rate (f = 10 Hz); peaks marked with an asterisk (*) belong to the second oxidation process of the triphenylamine group. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. The content mentioned in the embodiments is not intended to limit the present invention.

[0032] Before preparing the molecular switch compounds of each embodiment, the intermediate was first prepared: starting material 1 was reacted with n-butyllithium (n-BuLi) and tris(n-butoxy)boron [B(OBu)3], and the product was then Suzuki coupled with 4-bromotriphenylamine to obtain intermediate 2.

[0033]

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A dithiophene-ethylene type molecular switch based on ferrocene and triarylamine electroactive groups was prepared according to the following route:

[0036]

[0037] The specific preparation steps are as follows:

[0038] Under an inert N2 atmosphere, intermediate 2 (540 mg, 1.0 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (10 mL), cooled to 0 °C, and then n-butyllithium (0.40 mL, 2.5 M hexane solution, 1.0 mmol) was added dropwise, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Subsequently, tris(n-butoxy)boron [B(OBu)3] (0.41 mL, 1.5 mmol) was added to the system, and stirring was continued at room temperature for 6 hours. Under N2 protection, in another dry flask, 4-bromophenylferrocene (404 mg, 1.1 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(O)[Pd(PPh3)4] (50 mg, 0.041 mmol), and an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3(aq), 10 mL, 2 M) were added. The previously prepared borate ester solution was then transferred to this flask under positive N2 pressure. The resulting mixture was heated to 80 °C and stirred vigorously for 24 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3 × 20 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated under vacuum, and purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent: dichloromethane / n-hexane, 1:1 v / v) to give compound 3 as a red solid (yield: 479 mg, 63%).

[0039] Product characterization: such as Figure 1 As shown,

[0040] Through conventional spectral analysis ( 1 H NMR, 13 Compound 3 was characterized by C10 NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and the data obtained are as follows:

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, 1 H NMR (500MHz, CDCl3): δ1.99(s,6H,-CH3),2.07-2.10(m,2H,-CH2),2.85(t,J(HH)=10.0Hz,4H,-CH2),4.05(s,5H,Fc),4.32(s,2H,Fc),4.64(s, 2H, Fc), 6.96 (s, 1H), 7.00-7.04 (m, 4H), 7.10 (d, J (HH) = 10.0Hz, 4H), 7.25-7.26 (m, 6H), 7.37 (d, J (HH) = 5.0Hz, 2H), 7.41 (t, J (HH) = 5.0Hz, 3H).

[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, 13 C NMR (125MHz, CDCl3): δ14.45(-CH3),14.48(-CH3),23.00,34.66,38.51,66.35,68.98,69.61,84.94,122.89,.123.19,123.50,123.96,124.31 ,125.22,126.12,126.36,128.86,129.25,132.08,133.74,134.07,134 .53,134.63,136.64,136.74,138.10,139.46,139.66,146.76,147.57.

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, HRMS ESI + (m / z):764.2079([M+H] + ,calcd:763.2030).

[0044] Example 2

[0045] A dithiophene-ethylene type molecular switch based on ferrocene and triarylamine electroactive groups was prepared according to the following route:

[0046]

[0047] The specific preparation steps are as follows:

[0048] Under an inert N2 atmosphere, intermediate 2 (540 mg, 1.0 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (10 mL), cooled to 0 °C, and then n-butyllithium (0.40 mL, 2.5 M hexane solution, 1.0 mmol) was added dropwise, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Subsequently, tris(n-butoxy)boron [B(OBu)3] (0.41 mL, 1.5 mmol) was added to the system, and stirring was continued at room temperature for 6 hours. Under N2 protection, in another dry flask, 3-bromophenylferrocene (404 mg, 1.1 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(O)[Pd(PPh3)4] (50 mg, 0.041 mmol), and an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3(aq), 10 mL, 2 M) were added. The previously prepared borate ester solution was then transferred to this flask under positive N2 pressure. The resulting mixture was heated to 80 °C and stirred vigorously for 24 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3 × 20 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated under vacuum, and purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent: dichloromethane / n-hexane, 1:1 v / v) to give compound 4 as a red solid (yield: 435 mg, 57%).

[0049] Product characterization:

[0050] Through conventional spectral analysis ( 1 H NMR, 13 Compound 4 was characterized by C10 NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and the data obtained are as follows:

[0051] like Figure 4 As shown, 1 H NMR (500MHz, CDCl3): δ1.99(s,3H,-CH3),2.09-2.17(m,5H,-CH3,-CH2),2.82-2.89(m,4H,-CH2),4.02(s,5H,Fc),4.28(s,2H,Fc),4.64( s,2H,Fc),7.00-7.05(m,6H),7.10(d,J(HH)=10.0Hz,4H),7.23-7.28(m,5H),7.29-7.34(m,2H),7.40(d,J(HH)=10.0Hz,2H),7.54(s,1H).

[0052] like Figure 5 As shown, 13C NMR (125MHz, CDCl3): δ14.38(-CH3),14.57(-CH3),23.06,38.26,38.43,66.65,68.94,69.62,85.12,122.90,123.01,123.09,123.13,124.00,124 .31,124.84,126.12,128.70,128.85,129.25,133.82,134.41,134.47,1 34.62,134.77,136.60,136.72,139.50,139.56,139.88,146.77,147.57.

[0053] like Figure 6 As shown, HRMS ESI + (m / z):764.2490([M+H] + ,calcd:763.2030).

[0054] The design concept of the systems involved in the above two embodiments aims to study the influence of conjugation degree and charge delocalization path on photochromic behavior by constructing heterogeneous inorganic-organic hybrid photochromic systems. Dithiophene ethylene (DTE) isomers compound 3 and compound 4 were synthesized through sequential multi-step reactions, respectively.

[0055] Through conventional spectral analysis ( 1 H NMR, 13 The chemical structures of compounds 3 and 4 were clearly confirmed by C NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 1 The 1H NMR spectra showed that both isomers had characteristic peaks of the dithiophene ethylene skeleton, including proton resonance signals of two methyl groups (-CH3) and two methylene groups (-CH2-), as well as three different ferrocene proton signals (4.02-4.64 ppm). 13 The C10 NMR spectra further confirmed the structural assignment, which was highly consistent with the expected proton environment. Furthermore, HRMS analysis confirmed the presence of the expected molecular ion peak in both compounds.

[0056] Experimental Test

[0057] 1. Photochromic behavior of compounds 3 and 4 in different solvent media and PMMA.

[0058] First, the photochromic properties of isomers 3 and 4 were tested in different polar solvents (toluene, THF, and DMSO). When solutions of compounds 3 and 4 in their respective solvents were sequentially exposed to 254 nm ultraviolet light and visible light (>402 nm) from a white OLED light source, both compounds exhibited significant photoisomerization behavior in all tested solvents, interconverting between their open-ring isomer (3o-4o) and closed-ring isomer (3c-4c). Figure 7 a and Figure 8 As can be seen, the maximum absorption of the open-ring isomers 3°-4° in toluene occurs at 348 nm (ε=4.80×10⁻⁶). 4 M -1 cm -1 ) and 351nm (ε=3.84×10 4 M -1 cm -1 This corresponds to an intramolecular π-π* transition. Under ultraviolet light (254 nm) irradiation, the solution of 3-4 changes from colorless to purple. Figure 7 a and 8a), exhibiting a wavelength of 557 nm at 3° (ε = 2.23 × 10⁻⁶). 4 M -1 cm -1 ) and 4o at 545nm (ε=2.87×104M) -1 cm -1 A new absorption peak appeared at (λ>402nm). These new bands originated from the closed-ring isomers 3c-4c produced by photoisomerization. Subsequent irradiation with visible light (λ>402nm) restored the closed-ring structure to the original open-ring structure, and the corresponding solution also returned to colorless.

[0059] Similar changes were also observed in THF and DMSO under alternating UV / Vis light irradiation, 3-4. Figure 7 (b-7c and 8b-8c). Notably, under the same solvent conditions, compound 4 requires a significantly shorter time to reach photostable state than compound 3 (b-7c and 8b-8c). Figure 7 The optical response rates of the two isomers, 3 and 4, also varied with solvent polarity (toluene, THF, and DMSO) (as shown in Table 1 below): as solvent polarity increased, the time required to reach optical steady state gradually lengthened, and this phenomenon was accompanied by a gradually decreasing closed-loop quantum yield. Confirmed. Compound 3: Toluene and Compound 4: Toluene and Compound 3: Toluene and Compound 4: Toluene and

[0060] Furthermore, after 10 cycles of alternating UV / visible light irradiation, the maximum absorption corresponding to the closed-ring isomer 4c in toluene and THF solutions showed minimal decay. Figure 8 d and 10), while the corresponding closed-ring isomer 3c of compound 3 exhibited the lowest absorbance after four to six cycles of alternating UV / Vis light irradiation (d and 10). Figure 9 and Figure 7 d) indicates that compound 4 exhibits superior fatigue resistance. These results collectively demonstrate that compound 4 possesses superior photochromic properties compared to compound 3, even in the highly polar DMSO solvent. This enhanced performance stems from the non-planar molecular geometry of compound 4, which facilitates a more efficient photocyclization process.

[0061] Table 1. Photochromic properties of compounds 3 and 4 in different solvents and PMMA films.

[0062]

[0063] In Table 1, a represents the maximum absorption wavelength of the open-ring isomer; b represents the maximum absorption wavelength of the closed-ring isomer; and c represents the photocyclic quantum yield. d represents the quantum yield of the inverted halo.

[0064] Next, PMMA films containing compounds 3 and 4 were prepared, and their photoresponse behavior was tested. Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, after dilute chloroform solutions of compounds 3 and 4 were completely dried on a silica gel plate, they were irradiated with UV light in their respective PMMA films. The two compounds showed chromatic aberrations at 574 nm (ε = 2.60 × 10⁻⁶). 4 M -1 cm -1 ) and 559nm (ε=2.90×10 4 M -1 cm -1 A new absorption band appears at ( ). This photoresponse is accompanied by a change in color on the glass plate from pale yellow to deep purple. However, the open-ring isomer 3o of compound 3 cannot revert to its closed-ring form 3c under visible light. Figure 11 Compound 4 exhibits reversible photochromism, with its open-ring (4o) and closed-ring (4c) isomers undergoing multiple cycles under alternating UV / visible light irradiation. Figure 12 These results highlight the superior photochromic properties of compound 4 in the solid phase, indicating its potential as a photoresponsive material for future applications.

[0065] 2. Electrochemical behavior.

[0066] To investigate the redox properties of compounds 3 and 4 in both ring-opening and ring-closed forms, the ring-opening form (3o-4o) was first photochemically converted to the corresponding ring-closed form (3c-4c) by irradiating a THF solution with 254 nm UV light. Then, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) were used to investigate the redox properties of compounds 3 and 4 in THF / n Electrochemical tests were performed in Bu4NPF6 electrolyte solution, and the main electrochemical parameters are listed in Table 2. Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown, two distinct redox processes were observed: the first, at 0.5–0.7 V, corresponds to the ferrocene (Fc) moiety, while the second, at 1.0–1.5 V, is attributed to the triphenylamine (TPA) unit. Notably, compared to the open-ring counterparts (3o: 0.65 V / 1.09 V; 4o: 0.64 V / 1.06 V), the closed-ring isomers exhibited decreased half-wave potentials (3c: 0.55 V / 1.08 V; 4c: 0.56 V / 1.05 V), resulting in a larger potential difference between the two redox events. This potential shift suggests enhanced electronic communication between the terminal Fc and TPA redox centers after photo-ringing, likely due to increased π-conjugation in the closed-ring system.

[0067] Table 2.3o / 3c and 4o / 4c at 0.1M n Bu4NPF6-THF solution. a Electrochemical data

[0068]

[0069] In Table 2, 'a' represents ferrocene cation / ferrocene (Fc) + / Fc=0.51V) is the reference potential, and the data comes from 298K with 0.1M tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (Fc=0.51V). n Single-cycle voltammetry curves recorded in a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution containing Bu4NPF6; formula for calculating half-wave potential: E 1 / 2 =(E pa +E pc ) / 2. b indicates that this invention only discusses the initial oxidation process of the triarylamine group. c indicates that this specifically refers to the state in which the compound reaches photosteady equilibrium after being irradiated with ultraviolet light.

[0070] This invention successfully synthesized two isomeric DTEs (compound 3 and compound 4) with phenyl-ferrocene and triarylamine terminals, elucidating the influence of structural isomerism on their photochromic and electronic behavior. Compound 4, with its nonlinear arrangement of redox-active groups, exhibits faster photocyclization kinetics, higher quantum yield, and superior fatigue resistance compared to compound 3, particularly in polar solvents and solid PMMA films. Electrochemical and theoretical analyses confirmed that the closed-ring isomer possesses extended conjugation and stable charge transfer pathways, leading to lower oxidation potentials and enhanced electronic communication. This invention demonstrates the importance of terminal group positioning in optimizing photoresponse performance and charge delocalization, providing a strategic framework for developing advanced molecular switches suitable for optoelectronics, data storage, and photopharmacology. Future work will focus on integrating such systems into functional devices and exploring synergistic effects with other redox-active groups.

[0071] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art of the improvements of this invention over the prior art, some of the accompanying drawings and descriptions have been simplified. The above embodiments are preferred implementations of this invention. In addition, this invention can be implemented in other ways. Any obvious substitutions without departing from the concept of this technical solution are within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A dithiophene-ethylene type molecular switch constructed based on ferrocene and triarylamine electroactive groups, characterized in that, The structural formula is:

2. A dithiophene-ethylene type molecular switch constructed based on ferrocene and triarylamine electroactive groups, characterized in that, The structural formula is:

3. The method for preparing the dithiophene-ethylene type molecular switch based on ferrocene and triarylamine electroactive groups as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Prepared according to the following route: The intermediate 2 is prepared from raw material 1, and the compound 3 obtained from intermediate 2 is the molecular switch according to claim 1, or the compound 4 obtained from intermediate 2 is the molecular switch according to claim 2.

4. The method for preparing the dithiophene-ethylene type molecular switch based on the electroactive groups of ferrocene and triarylamine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The steps for preparing intermediate 2 include: reacting raw material 1 with n-butyllithium and tris(n-butoxy)boron, followed by Suzuki coupling of the product with 4-bromotriphenylamine to obtain intermediate 2.

5. The method for preparing the dithiophene-ethylene type molecular switch based on the electroactive groups of ferrocene and triarylamine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The steps for preparing compound 3 include: dissolving intermediate 2 in anhydrous THF under an inert N2 atmosphere, cooling, adding n-butyllithium dropwise, and stirring at room temperature; subsequently, injecting tris(n-butoxy)boron into the system and continuing stirring at room temperature; under N2 protection, adding 4-bromophenylferrocene, tetra(triphenylphosphine)palladium, and an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate to another dry flask; then transferring the previously prepared borate ester solution to this flask under positive N2 pressure; heating and vigorously stirring the resulting mixture; after cooling to room temperature, extracting the reaction mixture with dichloromethane; drying the combined organic extracts with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrating under vacuum, and purifying to obtain compound 3.

6. The method for preparing the dithiophene-ethylene type molecular switch based on the electroactive groups of ferrocene and triarylamine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The steps for preparing compound 4 include: dissolving intermediate 2 in anhydrous THF under an inert N2 atmosphere, cooling, adding n-butyllithium dropwise, and stirring at room temperature; subsequently, injecting tris(n-butoxy)boron into the system and continuing stirring at room temperature; under N2 protection, adding 3-bromophenylferrocene, tetra(triphenylphosphine)palladium, and an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate to another dry flask; then transferring the previously prepared borate ester solution to this flask under positive N2 pressure; heating and vigorously stirring the resulting mixture; after cooling to room temperature, extracting the reaction mixture with dichloromethane; drying the combined organic extracts with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrating under vacuum, and purifying to obtain compound 4.

7. An application of the dithiophene vinyl molecular switch constructed based on ferrocene and triarylamine electroactive groups as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Used to modulate the electron transport characteristics of said device in the fabrication of optically modulated electronic devices.

8. An application of the dithiophene vinyl molecular switch constructed based on ferrocene and triarylamine electroactive groups as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Used for the fabrication of photochromic functional layers in optoelectronic devices.

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