Device and method for converting organic waste into biochar through staged heating

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and method for converting organic waste into biochar through staged heating, and relates to the technical field of organic waste treatment.The device comprises a drying kiln, a first-stage pyrolysis reactor, a second-stage pyrolysis reactor, a third-stage pyrolysis reactor and a fourth-stage pyrolysis reactor which are sequentially communicated, a first-stage jacket is arranged outside the first-stage pyrolysis reactor and is communicated with the drying kiln; a second-stage jacket is arranged outside the second-stage pyrolysis reactor, and the second-stage jacket is communicated with the first-stage jacket; a third-stage jacket is arranged outside the third-stage pyrolysis reactor, and the third-stage jacket is communicated with the second-stage jacket; a heating device is arranged outside the fourth-stage pyrolysis reactor, the heating device is communicated with the third-stage jacket, pyrolysis gas in the first-stage pyrolysis reactor is treated to form combustible gas, the combustible gas is introduced into the heating device for combustion, and flue gas generated by the heating device can enter the third-stage jacket. Materials are heated from the outside and inside, and the waste heat utilization rate is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic waste treatment technology, and in particular to an apparatus and method for converting organic waste into biochar through a staged heating process. Background Technology

[0002] Organic waste refers to solid, liquid, or gaseous organic materials and substances generated during production, daily life, and other activities that have lost their original utilization value or, although not lost their utilization value, have been discarded or abandoned. Currently, the pyrolysis production of organic waste mainly relies on the traditional internal heating kiln pyrolysis method. Internal heating kiln pyrolysis is a method that uses the combustion of a portion of the organic waste to provide initial energy, and the heat generated by pyrolysis provides subsequent heat. However, the waste heat utilization rate is low when using internal heating kiln pyrolysis to pyrolyze organic waste. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an apparatus and method for converting organic waste into biochar through a staged heating process, which heats the material from both the outside and inside, resulting in high waste heat utilization.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0005] This invention provides a device for the staged heating and conversion of organic waste into biochar, comprising:

[0006] Drying kiln;

[0007] A primary pyrolysis reactor, wherein the feed inlet of the primary pyrolysis reactor is connected to the discharge outlet of the drying kiln, and a primary jacket is provided on the outside of the primary pyrolysis reactor, wherein the primary jacket is connected to the drying kiln.

[0008] A secondary pyrolysis reactor, wherein the feed inlet of the secondary pyrolysis reactor is connected to the discharge outlet of the primary pyrolysis reactor, and a secondary jacket is provided on the outside of the secondary pyrolysis reactor, wherein the secondary jacket is connected to the primary jacket;

[0009] A three-stage pyrolysis reactor, wherein the feed inlet of the three-stage pyrolysis reactor is connected to the discharge outlet of the two-stage pyrolysis reactor, and a three-stage jacket is provided on the outside of the three-stage pyrolysis reactor, wherein the three-stage jacket is connected to the two-stage jacket;

[0010] The system includes a fourth-stage pyrolysis reactor, whose inlet is connected to the outlet of the third-stage pyrolysis reactor. A heating device is installed externally on the fourth-stage pyrolysis reactor. Material from the drying kiln can enter the first-stage pyrolysis reactor, which in turn can enter the second-stage reactor, which in turn can enter the third-stage reactor, and so on. The heating device is connected to the third-stage jacket, allowing pyrolysis gas from the fourth-stage reactor to enter the third-stage reactor, which in turn can enter the second-stage reactor, and so on. The pyrolysis gas from the second-stage reactor can enter the first-stage reactor. After treatment, the pyrolysis gas from the first-stage reactor forms combustible gas, which is then introduced into the heating device for combustion. The flue gas generated by the heating device sequentially enters the third-stage jacket, the second-stage jacket, the first-stage jacket, and the drying kiln.

[0011] In some embodiments, the temperature inside the drying kiln is 100°C to 150°C; the temperature inside the primary pyrolysis reactor is 150°C to 200°C; the temperature inside the secondary pyrolysis reactor is 200°C to 350°C; the temperature inside the tertiary pyrolysis reactor is 350°C to 500°C; and the temperature inside the quaternary pyrolysis reactor is 500°C to 600°C.

[0012] In some configurations, the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary pyrolysis reactors are arranged from top to bottom, with the discharge port of the primary pyrolysis reactor higher than the inlet of the secondary pyrolysis reactor, the discharge port of the secondary pyrolysis reactor higher than the inlet of the tertiary pyrolysis reactor, and the discharge port of the tertiary pyrolysis reactor higher than the inlet of the quaternary pyrolysis reactor.

[0013] In some embodiments, the outlet of the primary pyrolysis reactor is connected to the inlet of the secondary pyrolysis reactor via a first channel, which is equipped with a first level regulating valve; the outlet of the secondary pyrolysis reactor is connected to the inlet of the tertiary pyrolysis reactor via a second channel, which is equipped with a second level regulating valve; the outlet of the tertiary pyrolysis reactor is connected to the inlet of the quaternary pyrolysis reactor via a third channel, which is equipped with a third level regulating valve; and the outlet of the quaternary pyrolysis reactor is equipped with a fourth level regulating valve.

[0014] In some designs, a temperature control structure is provided between the third-stage jacket and the second-stage jacket. The pyrolysis gas in the first-stage pyrolysis reactor is treated to form a combustible gas, which is then introduced into the temperature control structure for combustion, thereby heating the flue gas discharged from the third-stage jacket.

[0015] In some embodiments, a heat exchange structure is also included, comprising a first inlet, a first outlet, a second inlet, and a second outlet. The outlet of the four-stage pyrolysis reactor is connected to the first inlet, the first outlet is used to discharge the pyrolysis products after heat exchange, the second inlet is used to introduce gas, and the second outlet is used to connect to the drying kiln. The gas exchanges heat with the pyrolysis products of the four-stage pyrolysis reactor within the heat exchange structure. After being heated, the gas enters the drying kiln through the second outlet, and after being cooled, the pyrolysis products are discharged through the first outlet.

[0016] In some designs, the second inlet is used to introduce an inert gas.

[0017] In some designs, a discharge hopper is also included, with the discharge port of the four-stage pyrolysis reactor connected to the inlet of the discharge hopper, and the discharge port of the discharge hopper connected to the first inlet.

[0018] In some designs, the outlet of the drying kiln is used to connect to a tail gas purification structure.

[0019] The present invention also discloses a method for converting the aforementioned organic waste into biochar using a staged heating process, comprising:

[0020] After being dried in the drying kiln, the material sequentially passes through a primary pyrolysis reactor, a secondary pyrolysis reactor, a tertiary pyrolysis reactor, and a quaternary pyrolysis reactor. Simultaneously, the pyrolysis gas generated in the quaternary pyrolysis reactor sequentially enters the tertiary, secondary, and primary pyrolysis reactors. The pyrolysis gas generated in the tertiary pyrolysis reactor sequentially enters the secondary and primary pyrolysis reactors. The pyrolysis gas generated in the secondary pyrolysis reactor enters the primary pyrolysis reactor. The combustible gas formed from the pyrolysis gas in the primary pyrolysis reactor is then fed into a heating device outside the quaternary pyrolysis reactor for combustion, thus heating the quaternary pyrolysis reactor. The flue gas generated by the heating device sequentially enters the tertiary jacket outside the tertiary pyrolysis reactor, the secondary jacket outside the secondary pyrolysis reactor, the primary jacket outside the primary pyrolysis reactor, and the drying kiln.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0022] In this invention, the pyrolysis gas is cooled by a cooling structure, and then water, oil, and combustible gases are separated. The combustible gases are then fed into a heating device for combustion, heating the four-stage pyrolysis reactor. The flue gas generated in the heating device is fed from bottom to top into the third-stage jacket to heat the third-stage pyrolysis reactor, into the second-stage jacket to heat the second-stage pyrolysis reactor, and into the first-stage jacket to heat the first-stage pyrolysis reactor. The flue gas discharged from the first-stage jacket is then fed into a drying kiln to heat the materials. The heating device rises in stages, providing heat to the three-stage, two-stage, and one-stage pyrolysis reactors, heating the material from the outside before it enters the drying kiln. Simultaneously, the pyrolysis gas generated during pyrolysis moves upwards from the bottom of each reactor, while the material moves downwards from the top. The pyrolysis gas contacts the material, heating it from the inside. This invention achieves high pyrolysis efficiency and good pyrolysis effect through staged pyrolysis. It utilizes the heat from the pyrolysis gas to heat the material internally, and the combustible gas in the pyrolysis gas is burned in the external heating device of the fourth-stage reactor, heating the material from the outside. The resulting flue gas moves upwards, further heating the material from the outside, and is then used in the drying kiln. This invention heats the material from both the outside and inside, resulting in high waste heat utilization. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a device for the staged heating and conversion of organic waste into biochar in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] In the diagram: 100 - Device for staged heating and conversion of organic waste into biochar; 1 - Drying kiln; 2 - Primary pyrolysis reactor; 3 - Secondary pyrolysis reactor; 4 - Tertiary pyrolysis reactor; 5 - Quaternary pyrolysis reactor; 6 - Primary jacket; 7 - Secondary jacket; 8 - Tertiary jacket; 9 - Heating device; 10 - Temperature control structure; 11 - Heat exchange structure; 12 - First inlet; 13 - First outlet; 14 - Second inlet; 15 - Second outlet; 16 - Discharge hopper; 17 - Gas outlet of the drying kiln; 18 - Pyrolysis gas outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] The purpose of this invention is to provide an apparatus and method for converting organic waste into biochar through a staged heating process, which heats the material from both the outside and inside, resulting in high waste heat utilization.

[0028] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a device 100 for the staged heating and conversion of organic waste into biochar, comprising: a drying kiln 1; a primary pyrolysis reactor 2, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the drying kiln 1 via a conveying structure, and a primary jacket 6 externally disposed on the primary pyrolysis reactor 2, the primary jacket 6 being connected to the drying kiln 1; a secondary pyrolysis reactor 3, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the primary pyrolysis reactor 2, and a secondary jacket 7 externally disposed on the secondary pyrolysis reactor 3, the secondary jacket 7 being connected to the primary jacket 6; a tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the secondary pyrolysis reactor 3, and a tertiary jacket 8 externally disposed on the tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4, the tertiary jacket 8 being connected to the secondary jacket 7; and a quaternary pyrolysis reactor 5, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4, the quaternary pyrolysis reactor 5 being connected to the outlet of the tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4, and the quaternary pyrolysis reactor 5 being connected to the primary jacket 7; and a quaternary pyrolysis reactor 5, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4, the quaternary pyrolysis reactor 5 being connected to the primary jacket 6 ... The unit is equipped with a heating device 9, which is a burner or a burner nozzle. The material in the drying kiln 1 can enter the primary pyrolysis reactor 2, the material in the primary pyrolysis reactor 2 can enter the secondary pyrolysis reactor 3, the material in the secondary pyrolysis reactor 3 can enter the tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4, and the material in the tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4 can enter the quaternary pyrolysis reactor 5. The heating device 9 is connected to the tertiary jacket 8. The pyrolysis gas in the quaternary pyrolysis reactor 5 can enter the tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4, the pyrolysis gas in the tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4 can enter the secondary pyrolysis reactor 3, and the pyrolysis gas in the secondary pyrolysis reactor 3 can enter the primary pyrolysis reactor 2. The pyrolysis gas in the primary pyrolysis reactor 2 is discharged through the pyrolysis gas outlet 18 and, after being treated, forms combustible gas which is then fed into the heating device 9 for combustion. The flue gas generated by the heating device 9 can sequentially enter the tertiary jacket 8, the secondary jacket 7, the primary jacket 6, and the drying kiln 1. In this embodiment, the pyrolysis gas is cooled by a cooling structure, and then water, oil, and combustible gases are separated. The combustible gases are then fed into a heating device 9 for combustion, heating the four-stage pyrolysis reactor 5. The flue gas generated in the heating device 9 is fed from bottom to top into the third-stage jacket 8 to heat the third-stage pyrolysis reactor 4, into the second-stage jacket 7 to heat the second-stage pyrolysis reactor 3, and into the first-stage jacket 6 to heat the first-stage pyrolysis reactor 2. The flue gas discharged from the first-stage jacket 6 is then fed into the drying kiln 1 to heat the materials. The heating device 9 rises in stages to provide heat to the three-stage pyrolysis reactor 4, the two-stage pyrolysis reactor 3, and the one-stage pyrolysis reactor 2, heating the material from the outside before it enters the drying kiln 1. Simultaneously, the pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis moves from bottom to top inside the one-stage pyrolysis reactor 2, the two-stage pyrolysis reactor 3, the three-stage pyrolysis reactor 4, and the four-stage pyrolysis reactor 5, while the material moves from top to bottom inside the one-stage pyrolysis reactor 2, the two-stage pyrolysis reactor 3, the three-stage pyrolysis reactor 4, and the four-stage pyrolysis reactor 5. The pyrolysis gas contacts the material and heats it from the inside.This embodiment achieves high pyrolysis efficiency and good pyrolysis effect by performing staged pyrolysis on the material. It can use the heat of the pyrolysis gas to heat the material internally, and use the combustible gas in the pyrolysis gas to burn in the heating device 9 outside the four-stage pyrolysis reactor 5. The material is heated from the outside of the four-stage pyrolysis reactor 5, and the flue gas generated by combustion moves from bottom to top to heat the material from the outside. The flue gas is then introduced into the drying kiln 1 for use.

[0031] In some specific embodiments, the temperature inside the drying kiln 1 is 100°C to 150°C; the temperature inside the primary pyrolysis reactor 2 is 150°C to 200°C; the temperature inside the secondary pyrolysis reactor 3 is 200°C to 350°C; the temperature inside the tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4 is 350°C to 500°C; and the temperature inside the quaternary pyrolysis reactor 5 is 500°C to 600°C. In this embodiment, drying kiln 1 is used to dry the moisture in the material; primary pyrolysis reactor 2 is used to further dry and dehydrate the material. The material absorbs heat in primary pyrolysis reactor 2, the moisture evaporates and escapes, and the internal chemical composition of the material remains almost unchanged; the material undergoes volatile matter decomposition in secondary pyrolysis reactor 3, where the material exhibits obvious thermal decomposition reaction, the chemical bonds of organic macromolecules break and rearrange, forming and releasing organic volatiles, including water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, acetic acid, etc.; tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4 is used for the complete carbonization of the material. The material undergoes a violent decomposition reaction in tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4, producing more liquid products such as tar and acetic acid, as well as combustible gases such as methane and ethylene. With the separation of most of the volatiles, the final solid product is biochar composed of carbon and ash; quaternary pyrolysis reactor 5 is used for the complete pyrolysis of the material. As the temperature rises, volatiles are further separated and released, increasing the fixed carbon content, specific surface area, and molecular porosity of the biochar, and ensuring the final temperature residence time of the biochar to guarantee its quality.

[0032] In some specific embodiments, for materials with different moisture contents, a temperature regulating structure 10 is provided between the tertiary jacket 8 and the secondary jacket 7. The temperature regulating structure 10 is used to heat the flue gas discharged from the tertiary jacket 8. The temperature regulating structure 10 can be heated by the combustible gas formed after the pyrolysis gas has been treated. The temperature regulating structure 10 is a burner or a burner nozzle.

[0033] In some specific embodiments, the primary pyrolysis reactor 2, secondary pyrolysis reactor 3, tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4, and quaternary pyrolysis reactor 5 are all horizontal reactors, arranged from top to bottom. The discharge port of the primary pyrolysis reactor 2 is higher than the inlet of the secondary pyrolysis reactor 3, the discharge port of the secondary pyrolysis reactor 3 is higher than the inlet of the tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4, and the discharge port of the tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4 is higher than the inlet of the quaternary pyrolysis reactor 5. The discharge port of primary pyrolysis reactor 2 is connected to the inlet of secondary pyrolysis reactor 3 via a first channel. Material from primary pyrolysis reactor 2 enters secondary pyrolysis reactor 3 through the first channel, while pyrolysis gas from secondary pyrolysis reactor 3 enters primary pyrolysis reactor 2 through the first channel. A first level regulating valve is installed in the first channel to control the material level in primary and secondary pyrolysis reactors 2 and 3, as well as the residence time of the material in both reactors. The discharge port of secondary pyrolysis reactor 3 is connected to the inlet of tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4 via a second channel. The material in reactor 3 enters the tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4 through the second channel. The pyrolysis gas in the tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4 enters the secondary pyrolysis reactor 3 through the second channel. A second level regulating valve is installed in the second channel to control the material level in the secondary and tertiary pyrolysis reactors 3 and 4, as well as the residence time of the material in these reactors. The outlet of the tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4 is connected to the inlet of the quaternary pyrolysis reactor 5 through a third channel. The material in the tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4 enters the quaternary pyrolysis reactor 5 through the third channel. The pyrolysis gas in reactor 5 enters the tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4 through a third channel. A third level regulating valve is installed in the third channel to control the material level and residence time in both reactors 4 and 5. A fourth level regulating valve is installed at the outlet of reactor 5 to control the material level and residence time in both reactors. Increasing the residence time in reactor 5 improves the biochar yield. In this embodiment, the first, second, third, and fourth level regulating valves are all open during use; only the opening degree of these valves is adjusted.

[0034] In some specific embodiments, a heat exchange structure 11 is also included. The heat exchange structure 11 is a powder heat exchanger. The heat exchange structure 11 includes a first inlet 12, a first outlet 13, a second inlet 14, and a second outlet 15. The discharge port of the four-stage pyrolysis reactor 5 is connected to the first inlet 12. The first outlet 13 is used to discharge the pyrolysis products after heat exchange. The second inlet 14 is used to introduce inert gas. The second outlet 15 is used to connect to the drying kiln 1. The gas and the pyrolysis products discharged from the four-stage pyrolysis reactor 5 exchange heat in the heat exchange structure 11. After being heated, the gas enters the drying kiln 1 through the second outlet 15 to further provide heat to the drying kiln 1. After being cooled, the pyrolysis products are discharged through the first outlet 13 and then screened to separate the residue in the carbon powder. Then, the residue is separated from the waste metal by eddy current magnetic separation.

[0035] In some specific embodiments, a discharge hopper 16 is also included. The discharge hopper 16 is sealed. The discharge port of the fourth-stage pyrolysis reactor 5 is connected to the inlet of the discharge hopper 16. The discharge port of the discharge hopper 16 is connected to the first inlet 12 through a discharge pipe. The inlet of the discharge pipe has a certain height inside the discharge hopper 16. Since the temperature inside the first-stage pyrolysis reactor 2, the second-stage pyrolysis reactor 3, the third-stage pyrolysis reactor 4, and the fourth-stage pyrolysis reactor 5 is relatively high, there is a slight positive pressure inside the first-stage pyrolysis reactor 2, the second-stage pyrolysis reactor 3, the third-stage pyrolysis reactor 4, the fourth-stage pyrolysis reactor 5, and the discharge hopper 16. There is always a portion of biochar powder inside the discharge hopper 16. The biochar powder itself has a sealing function to prevent pyrolysis gas from entering the heat exchange structure 11.

[0036] In some specific embodiments, the drying kiln 1 is a closed structure, which ensures continuous feeding and prevents internal gas leakage. The exhaust port 17 of the drying kiln is used to connect to the exhaust gas purification structure. The flue gas has an odor or contains dust. After the flue gas enters the drying kiln 1 to dry the material, it is discharged to the exhaust gas purification structure for purification.

[0037] This embodiment employs a staged pyrolysis process using a primary pyrolysis reactor 2, a secondary pyrolysis reactor 3, a tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4, and a quaternary pyrolysis reactor 5, resulting in high pyrolysis efficiency and better pyrolysis effect. The uniformity of pyrolysis is improved by controlling the material height and residence time in the primary and secondary pyrolysis reactors 2 and 3 using a first level regulating valve, the material height and residence time in the secondary and tertiary pyrolysis reactors 3 and 4 using a second level regulating valve, the material height and residence time in the tertiary and quaternary pyrolysis reactors 4 and 5 using a third level regulating valve, and the material height and residence time in the quaternary pyrolysis reactor 5 using a fourth level regulating valve. The temperature control device in this embodiment can adjust the material to a suitable temperature range, preparing it for the next stage of the reaction.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] This embodiment discloses a method for converting organic waste into biochar using the device 100 of Embodiment 1 through staged heating, comprising:

[0040] The material is conveyed to drying kiln 1 at a temperature of approximately 150℃. After drying in drying kiln 1, it is conveyed via a conveying structure to the material sealing and pressing feeder at the inlet of the primary pyrolysis reactor 2. Then, it undergoes primary heating in the primary pyrolysis reactor 2 at a temperature of approximately 150℃-200℃. The material then enters the secondary pyrolysis reactor 3 through the first channel at a temperature of approximately 200℃-350℃. The material then enters the tertiary pyrolysis reactor 4 through the second channel at a temperature of approximately 350℃-500℃. Finally, the material enters the quaternary pyrolysis reactor 5 through the third channel at a temperature of approximately 600℃. During the conveying process, the pyrolysis gas generated by the fourth-stage pyrolysis reactor 5 sequentially enters the third-stage pyrolysis reactor 4, the second-stage pyrolysis reactor 3, and the first-stage pyrolysis reactor 2. The pyrolysis gas generated by the third-stage pyrolysis reactor 4 sequentially enters the second-stage pyrolysis reactor 3 and the first-stage pyrolysis reactor 2. The pyrolysis gas generated by the second-stage pyrolysis reactor 3 enters the first-stage pyrolysis reactor 2. The material moves from top to bottom, while the pyrolysis gas moves from bottom to top. The combustible gas formed by the pyrolysis gas in the first-stage pyrolysis reactor 2 after treatment is introduced into the heating device 9 outside the fourth-stage pyrolysis reactor 5 for combustion, thus achieving combustion of the fourth-stage pyrolysis reactor 5. The heating device 9 generates flue gas that rises in stages. The flue gas sequentially enters the third-stage jacket 8 outside the third-stage pyrolysis reactor 4 to heat it, the second-stage jacket 7 outside the second-stage pyrolysis reactor 3 to heat it, and the first-stage jacket 6 outside the first-stage pyrolysis reactor 2 to heat it. After exiting the first-stage jacket 6, the flue gas enters the drying kiln 1 to provide heat for its interior. Due to differences in material moisture content, a temperature regulating structure 10 is installed between the third-stage jacket 8 and the second-stage jacket 7 to regulate the flue gas temperature. Temperature is adjusted to ensure the material is at a suitable temperature. The pyrolysis products are discharged through the outlet of the four-stage pyrolysis device into the discharge hopper 16. The pyrolysis products are then transported to the heat exchange structure 11 for heat exchange through the discharge pipe inside the discharge hopper 16. The heat exchange structure 11 is filled with inert gas. After heat exchange, the heated gas enters the drying kiln 1 through the second outlet 15. The pyrolysis products are cooled and then output through the first outlet 13 for screening. The pyrolysis products include carbon powder and residue. The residue in the carbon powder is screened out, and then the residue is separated from the waste metal by eddy current magnetic separation.

[0041] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only intended to help understand the method and core concept of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will find that the specific implementation methods and application scopes may vary based on the concept of the present invention. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for the staged heating and conversion of organic waste into biochar, characterized in that: include: Drying kiln; A primary pyrolysis reactor, wherein the feed inlet of the primary pyrolysis reactor is connected to the discharge outlet of the drying kiln, and a primary jacket is provided on the outside of the primary pyrolysis reactor, wherein the primary jacket is connected to the drying kiln. A secondary pyrolysis reactor, wherein the feed inlet of the secondary pyrolysis reactor is connected to the discharge outlet of the primary pyrolysis reactor, and a secondary jacket is provided on the outside of the secondary pyrolysis reactor, wherein the secondary jacket is connected to the primary jacket; A three-stage pyrolysis reactor, wherein the feed inlet of the three-stage pyrolysis reactor is connected to the discharge outlet of the two-stage pyrolysis reactor, and a three-stage jacket is provided on the outside of the three-stage pyrolysis reactor, wherein the three-stage jacket is connected to the two-stage jacket; The system includes a fourth-stage pyrolysis reactor, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the third-stage pyrolysis reactor, and an external heating device. Material from the drying kiln can enter the first-stage pyrolysis reactor, material from the first-stage pyrolysis reactor can enter the second-stage pyrolysis reactor, material from the second-stage pyrolysis reactor can enter the third-stage pyrolysis reactor, and material from the third-stage pyrolysis reactor can enter the fourth-stage pyrolysis reactor. The heating device is connected to the three-stage jacket. The pyrolysis gas in the four-stage pyrolysis reactor can enter the three-stage pyrolysis reactor, the pyrolysis gas in the three-stage pyrolysis reactor can enter the two-stage pyrolysis reactor, and the pyrolysis gas in the two-stage pyrolysis reactor can enter the one-stage pyrolysis reactor. The pyrolysis gas in the one-stage pyrolysis reactor is processed to form combustible gas, which is then fed into the heating device for combustion. The flue gas generated by the heating device can sequentially enter the three-stage jacket, the two-stage jacket, the one-stage jacket, and the drying kiln.

2. The device for staged heating and conversion of organic waste into biochar according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature inside the drying kiln is 100℃ to 150℃; the temperature inside the primary pyrolysis reactor is 150℃ to 200℃; the temperature inside the secondary pyrolysis reactor is 200℃ to 350℃; the temperature inside the tertiary pyrolysis reactor is 350℃ to 500℃; and the temperature inside the quaternary pyrolysis reactor is 500℃ to 600℃.

3. The device for staged heating and conversion of organic waste into biochar according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary pyrolysis reactor, the secondary pyrolysis reactor, the tertiary pyrolysis reactor, and the quaternary pyrolysis reactor are arranged from top to bottom. The discharge port of the primary pyrolysis reactor is higher than the inlet of the secondary pyrolysis reactor, the discharge port of the secondary pyrolysis reactor is higher than the inlet of the tertiary pyrolysis reactor, and the discharge port of the tertiary pyrolysis reactor is higher than the inlet of the quaternary pyrolysis reactor.

4. The device for staged heating and conversion of organic waste into biochar according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge port of the primary pyrolysis reactor is connected to the inlet of the secondary pyrolysis reactor via a first channel, and a first level regulating valve is installed in the first channel; the discharge port of the secondary pyrolysis reactor is connected to the inlet of the tertiary pyrolysis reactor via a second channel, and a second level regulating valve is installed in the second channel; the discharge port of the tertiary pyrolysis reactor is connected to the inlet of the quaternary pyrolysis reactor via a third channel, and a third level regulating valve is installed in the third channel; the discharge port of the quaternary pyrolysis reactor is equipped with a fourth level regulating valve.

5. The device for staged heating and conversion of organic waste into biochar according to claim 1, characterized in that: A temperature regulating structure is provided between the third-stage jacket and the second-stage jacket. The pyrolysis gas in the first-stage pyrolysis reactor is processed to form combustible gas, which is then introduced into the temperature regulating structure for combustion, thereby heating the flue gas discharged from the third-stage jacket.

6. The device for staged heating and conversion of organic waste into biochar according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a heat exchange structure, which includes a first inlet, a first outlet, a second inlet, and a second outlet. The discharge port of the four-stage pyrolysis reactor is connected to the first inlet. The first outlet is used to discharge the pyrolysis products after heat exchange. The second inlet is used to introduce gas. The second outlet is used to connect to the drying kiln. The gas exchanges heat with the pyrolysis products of the four-stage pyrolysis reactor in the heat exchange structure. After being heated, the gas enters the drying kiln through the second outlet. After being cooled, the pyrolysis products are discharged through the first outlet.

7. The apparatus for staged heating and conversion of organic waste into biochar according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second inlet is used to introduce inert gas.

8. The apparatus for staged heating and conversion of organic waste into biochar according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a discharge hopper, the discharge port of the four-stage pyrolysis reactor is connected to the inlet of the discharge hopper, and the discharge port of the discharge hopper is connected to the first inlet.

9. The device for staged heating and conversion of organic waste into biochar according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust port of the drying kiln is used to connect to the exhaust gas purification structure.

10. A method for converting organic waste into biochar using the apparatus described in any one of claims 1-9 through a staged heating process, characterized in that: include: After being dried in the drying kiln, the material sequentially passes through a primary pyrolysis reactor, a secondary pyrolysis reactor, a tertiary pyrolysis reactor, and a quaternary pyrolysis reactor. Simultaneously, the pyrolysis gas generated in the quaternary pyrolysis reactor sequentially enters the tertiary, secondary, and primary pyrolysis reactors. The pyrolysis gas generated in the tertiary pyrolysis reactor sequentially enters the secondary and primary pyrolysis reactors. The pyrolysis gas generated in the secondary pyrolysis reactor enters the primary pyrolysis reactor. The combustible gas formed from the pyrolysis gas in the primary pyrolysis reactor is then fed into a heating device outside the quaternary pyrolysis reactor for combustion, thus heating the quaternary pyrolysis reactor. The flue gas generated by the heating device sequentially enters the tertiary jacket outside the tertiary pyrolysis reactor, the secondary jacket outside the secondary pyrolysis reactor, the primary jacket outside the primary pyrolysis reactor, and the drying kiln.

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