A dredging device and dredging method for water conservancy projects

Abstract

The application discloses a water conservancy project dredging device and a dredging method, and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy dredging and dredging. The water conservancy project dredging device comprises a dredging cylinder, a silt inlet is arranged at the bottom of the dredging cylinder, a silt storage chamber is arranged at the top of the dredging cylinder, a sewage outlet is arranged on the silt storage chamber, the sewage outlet is connected with a sludge pump through a connecting pipe, a silt conveying mechanism is arranged in the dredging cylinder, upper and lower crushing mechanisms are arranged outside the dredging cylinder, power structures for driving the upper and lower crushing mechanisms to rotate in opposite directions are arranged on the dredging cylinder, a stirring mechanism is arranged at the outside of the bottom end of the dredging cylinder, and the stirring mechanism sends silt into the silt inlet of the dredging cylinder; a water spraying mechanism for spraying water on silt is arranged at the upper portion of the dredging cylinder, and the water spraying mechanism is located above the upper crushing mechanism. The water conservancy project dredging device and the dredging method can solve the problems of poor cleaning effect and low efficiency of existing dredging devices on hardened silt.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy dredging technology, and in particular to a water conservancy engineering dredging device and dredging method. Background Technology

[0002] River dredging is a crucial engineering measure to ensure the normal operation of water conservancy facilities, improve flood control and drainage capacity, improve water environment quality, and restore aquatic ecosystems. With accelerated urbanization, increased soil erosion, and prominent water pollution problems, river siltation is becoming increasingly serious, and the limitations of traditional dredging techniques in terms of ecological protection, resource utilization, and engineering economics urgently need to be overcome. Currently, commonly used river dredging techniques are mainly divided into two categories: drain dredging and underwater dredging. Drain dredging involves using cofferdams to block the river, pumping out water, and then directly excavating the silt using equipment such as excavators and bulldozers. This method removes silt relatively thoroughly, but requires drainage and involves a large amount of engineering work. Underwater dredging uses equipment such as cutter suction dredgers and grab dredgers to operate on the water surface or underwater, breaking up the silt and then transporting it to a shore treatment plant via pumps or grab buckets. This method requires a large investment in equipment and does not remove silt completely. Drain dredging, due to its smaller equipment investment and thorough removal, is the more commonly used method.

[0003] Existing patent CN202210993532.4 discloses an automatic dredging device and its usage method based on water conservancy engineering. A vertical adjustment device is installed at the upper opening on one side of the inner casing. A dredging pipe drive device is installed inside the vertical adjustment device. An angle adjustment device is installed between the upper surfaces of the vertical adjustment device and the dredging pipe drive device. Five dredging pipes are installed at equal intervals at the bottom of the dredging pipe drive device. A rotating central shaft is installed inside each dredging pipe. Several spiral conveying blades are arranged outside the rotating central shaft. A sludge-water separation device is installed at the lower opening on one side of the inner casing. A sludge-water suction device is installed on one side of the sludge-water separation device. The dredging device described in the above patent has a good cleaning effect on sludge in sewage mixtures, but its cleaning effect on long-term accumulated and hardened sludge is relatively poor. Manual flushing of the sludge is required before dredging, resulting in low dredging efficiency and high labor intensity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dredging device and method for water conservancy projects, which solves the problems of poor cleaning effect and low efficiency of existing dredging devices for hardened silt.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a dredging device for water conservancy projects, including a dredging cylinder, a sludge inlet at the bottom of the dredging cylinder, a sludge storage chamber at the top of the dredging cylinder, the sludge storage chamber being connected to the dredging cylinder, a sewage outlet on the sludge storage chamber, the sewage outlet being connected to a sludge pump via a connecting pipe, a sludge conveying mechanism inside the dredging cylinder, an upper crushing mechanism and a lower crushing mechanism for crushing the sludge outside the dredging cylinder, a power structure on the dredging cylinder driving the upper crushing mechanism and the lower crushing mechanism to rotate in opposite directions, a stirring mechanism for agitating the sludge on the outer side of the bottom end of the dredging cylinder, the stirring mechanism sending the sludge into the sludge inlet of the dredging cylinder; and a water spraying mechanism for spraying water onto the sludge at the top of the dredging cylinder, the water spraying mechanism being located above the upper crushing mechanism.

[0006] Preferably, the upper crushing mechanism includes an outer cylinder, which is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the dredging cylinder. A first fixing plate is provided on the outer surface of the outer cylinder. Several first crushing shafts are arranged in a circumferential array on the first fixing plate. The first crushing shafts are rotatably connected to the first fixing plate. A first crushing blade for crushing silt is provided on the side wall of the first crushing shaft located outside the first fixing plate. The lower crushing mechanism is provided with a first rotating structure that drives the first crushing shafts to rotate.

[0007] Preferably, the lower crushing mechanism includes an inner cylinder located between the outer cylinder and the sludge removal cylinder. The inner cylinder is rotatably connected to the sludge removal cylinder and the outer cylinder respectively via bearings. A second fixing plate is provided on the lower part of the outer surface of the inner cylinder. The second fixing plate is located outside the outer cylinder. A plurality of second crushing shafts are arranged in a circumferential array on the second fixing plate. The second crushing shafts are rotatably connected to the second fixing plate. Second crushing blades for crushing sludge are provided on the side wall of the second crushing shaft outside the second fixing plate. A second rotating structure for driving the second crushing shafts to rotate is provided at the bottom of the outer cylinder.

[0008] Preferably, the first rotating structure includes a first bevel gear ring, which is disposed on the inner surface of the top of the second fixed plate. A first transmission bevel gear that meshes with the first bevel gear ring is disposed on the first crushing shaft, and the first bevel gear ring drives the first crushing shaft to rotate through the first transmission bevel gear.

[0009] Preferably, the second rotating structure includes a second bevel gear ring, which is disposed on the outer surface of the bottom of the outer cylinder. A second transmission bevel gear that meshes with the second bevel gear ring is disposed on the second crushing shaft, and the second bevel gear ring drives the second crushing shaft to rotate through the second transmission bevel gear.

[0010] Preferably, the power structure includes a second motor, which is mounted on the sludge removal cylinder. A first bevel gear is mounted on the output shaft of the second motor. A second bevel gear that meshes with the first bevel gear is mounted on the outer surface of the top end of the outer cylinder. A third bevel gear that meshes with the first bevel gear is mounted on the outer surface of the top end of the inner cylinder. The second bevel gear and the third bevel gear are located on the upper and lower sides of the first bevel gear, respectively.

[0011] Preferably, the stirring mechanism includes stirring shafts arranged in a circumferential array outside the sludge-dredging cylinder. The stirring shafts are rotatably connected to a mounting plate, which is fixed to the bottom of the sludge-dredging cylinder. The bottom of the stirring shafts is provided with several stirring blades for stirring the sludge. The top of the stirring shafts is provided with a transmission gear, which meshes with a transmission gear ring provided on the outer surface of the bottom of the inner cylinder. The inner cylinder drives the stirring shafts to rotate through the transmission gear ring and the transmission gear.

[0012] Preferably, the sludge conveying mechanism includes a central shaft, which is coaxially arranged with the sludge dredging cylinder. The lower part of the central shaft is provided with spiral conveying blades, which are located inside the sludge dredging cylinder and in contact with the inner wall of the sludge dredging cylinder. The top of the central shaft is provided with a number of sludge discharge blades arranged in a circumferential array. The sludge discharge blades are located in the sludge storage chamber and in contact with the inner wall of the sludge storage chamber. The sludge discharge blades discharge the sludge in the sludge storage chamber through the sewage outlet. The top of the outer side of the sludge storage chamber is provided with a first motor that drives the central shaft to rotate. The central shaft and the sludge storage chamber are sealed and rotatably connected.

[0013] Preferably, the water spraying mechanism includes a water pipe, which is fixedly installed outside the dredging cylinder. The water pipe is connected to an external water source through a connecting pipe. Several branch pipes connected to the water pipe are installed on the water pipe, and several nozzles are installed on the branch pipes.

[0014] The dredging method based on the above-mentioned water conservancy project dredging device includes the following steps:

[0015] S1. Connect the dredging cylinder to the dredging vehicle. The vehicle moves the dredging cylinder. Turn on the water pump on the water source. The water pump sends water into the water pipe through the connecting pipe. The water is sprayed out through the branch pipe and the nozzle. The high-pressure water sprayed from the nozzle washes away the silt.

[0016] S2. Start the second motor. The second motor drives the inner and outer cylinders to rotate in opposite directions via the first, second, and third bevel gears. The outer cylinder drives the first crushing shaft to rotate via the first fixed plate. The first transmission bevel gear on the first crushing shaft rotates under the action of the first bevel gear ring. The first crushing shaft drives the first crushing blade to rotate, crushing the silt. The inner cylinder drives the second crushing shaft to rotate via the second fixed plate. The second transmission bevel gear on the second crushing shaft rotates under the action of the second bevel gear ring. The second crushing shaft drives the second crushing blade to rotate, crushing the silt. The silt mixes with water to form a mud-water mixture.

[0017] S3. The inner cylinder drives the transmission gear ring to rotate, and the transmission gear ring drives the stirring shaft to rotate through the transmission gear. The stirring shaft stirs the mud-water mixture, breaks up large pieces of silt, and sends the mud-water mixture to the bottom of the sludge removal cylinder.

[0018] S4. Start the first motor. The first motor drives the central shaft to rotate. The central shaft drives the conveying blades and the sludge discharge blades to rotate. The conveying blades transport the mud-water mixture at the bottom of the sludge removal cylinder upwards into the sludge storage chamber. The sludge discharge blades discharge the mud-water mixture through the sewage outlet. Then, it is sent to the external mud-water mixture separation device for treatment through the connecting pipe and sludge pump.

[0019] The advantages and positive effects of the dredging device and dredging method for water conservancy projects described in this invention are as follows:

[0020] 1. This invention features an upper and lower crushing mechanism that rotate in opposite directions on the outside of the dredging cylinder. These mechanisms crush hardened sludge, facilitating its transport. The reverse-rotating upper and lower crushing mechanisms improve the crushing effect and efficiency of the sludge.

[0021] 2. The present invention has a first rotating structure on the lower crushing mechanism that drives the first crushing shaft to rotate, and a second rotating structure on the bottom of the outer cylinder that drives the second crushing shaft to rotate. Under the action of the first rotating structure and the second rotating structure, the rotation of the first crushing shaft and the second crushing shaft is accelerated, which is beneficial to improving the crushing efficiency of sludge.

[0022] 3. The present invention is equipped with a water spraying mechanism on the sludge dredging cylinder. The water spraying mechanism applies water pressure to the sludge, which facilitates the breaking of the sludge; the water mixes with the clumps of sludge, which facilitates the transportation of the sludge.

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a front view structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 For the appendix Figure 3 Enlarged view of A in the middle;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the outer cylinder structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the inner cylinder structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure Labels

[0031] 1. Dredging cylinder; 2. Sludge storage chamber; 3. First motor; 4. Central shaft; 5. Conveying blades; 6. Sludge discharge blades; 7. Outer cylinder; 8. Inner cylinder; 9. Second motor; 10. First bevel gear; 11. Second bevel gear; 12. Third bevel gear; 13. First fixing plate; 14. First crushing shaft; 15. First crushing blade; 16. First transmission bevel gear; 17. First bevel gear ring; 18. Second fixing plate; 19. Second crushing shaft; 20. Second crushing blade; 21. Second transmission bevel gear; 22. Second bevel gear ring; 23. Mounting plate; 24. Agitator shaft; 25. Agitator blades; 26. Transmission gear; 27. Transmission gear ring; 28. Water pipe; 29. ​​Branch pipe; 30. Nozzle; 31. Sewage outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0032] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0033] In this application, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. In case of any inconsistency, the meaning set forth in this specification or derived from the content described herein shall prevail. Furthermore, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, a dredging device for water conservancy projects includes a dredging cylinder 1. A sludge inlet is located at the bottom of the dredging cylinder 1, through which sludge enters the dredging cylinder 1. A sludge storage chamber 2 is located at the top of the dredging cylinder 1, and the storage chamber 2 is connected to the dredging cylinder 1. The storage chamber 2 is coaxially arranged with the dredging cylinder 1, and the inner diameter of the storage chamber 2 is larger than the inner diameter of the dredging cylinder 1. A discharge port 31 is located on the storage chamber 2, through which the sludge in the storage chamber 2 is discharged. The discharge port 31 is connected to a sludge pump via a connecting pipe, enabling the sludge to be transported under the action of the sludge pump. A sludge conveying mechanism is installed inside the dredging cylinder 1, which transports the sludge from the bottom to the top of the dredging cylinder 1.

[0036] The sludge conveying mechanism includes a central shaft 4, which is coaxially arranged with the sludge cleaning cylinder 1. A spiral conveying blade 5 is fixedly installed at the lower part of the central shaft 4, located inside the sludge cleaning cylinder 1 and in contact with its inner wall. The conveying blade 5 conveys the sludge upwards within the sludge cleaning cylinder 1, sending it into the sludge storage chamber 2. Several sludge discharge blades 6 are fixedly installed at the top of the central shaft 4 in a circumferential array, located inside the sludge storage chamber 2 and in contact with its inner wall. The sludge discharge blades 6 discharge the sludge from the storage chamber 2 through the drain outlet 31. The sludge discharge blades 6 agitate the sludge inside the storage chamber 2, preventing blockage and ensuring normal sludge conveying. A first motor 3, which drives the central shaft 4, is installed at the top of the outer surface of the storage chamber 2. The central shaft 4 and the storage chamber 2 are rotatably connected via a bearing seal.

[0037] The sludge dredging cylinder 1 is externally equipped with an upper crushing mechanism and a lower crushing mechanism for breaking down sludge. The upper and lower crushing mechanisms break down hard sludge lumps, facilitating sludge transportation. The sludge dredging cylinder 1 is equipped with a power structure that drives the upper and lower crushing mechanisms to rotate in opposite directions. The reverse rotation of the upper and lower crushing mechanisms improves the sludge crushing effect.

[0038] like Figure 5 As shown, the upper crushing mechanism includes an outer cylinder 7, which is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the sludge removal cylinder 1. An L-shaped first fixing plate 13 is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the outer cylinder 7, and several first crushing shafts 14 are arranged in a circumferential array on the first fixing plate 13. The first crushing shafts 14 are rotatably connected to the first fixing plate 13 via bearings. Several first crushing blades 15 for crushing sludge are fixedly mounted on the side wall of the first crushing shafts 14 located outside the first fixing plate 13. The lower crushing mechanism is equipped with a first rotating structure that drives the first crushing shafts 14 to rotate.

[0039] like Figure 6As shown, the lower crushing mechanism includes an inner cylinder 8, located between the outer cylinder 7 and the sludge removal cylinder 1. The inner cylinder 8 is rotatably connected to both the sludge removal cylinder 1 and the outer cylinder 7 via bearings. An L-shaped second fixing plate 18 is fixedly installed on the lower part of the outer surface of the inner cylinder 8, located outside the outer cylinder 7. Several second crushing shafts 19 are arranged in a circumferential array on the second fixing plate 18, and the second crushing shafts 19 are rotatably connected to the second fixing plate 18 via bearings. Several second crushing blades 20 for crushing sludge are fixedly installed on the side wall of the second crushing shafts 19 outside the second fixing plate 18. A second rotating structure for driving the second crushing shafts 19 to rotate is provided at the bottom of the outer cylinder 7.

[0040] like Figure 4 As shown, the first rotating structure includes a first bevel gear ring 17, which is fixedly mounted on the inner surface of the top of the second fixed plate 18. A first transmission bevel gear 16, which meshes with the first bevel gear ring 17, is fixedly mounted on the first crushing shaft 14. The first bevel gear ring 17 drives the first crushing shaft 14 to rotate via the first transmission bevel gear 16. Because the inner cylinder 8 and the outer cylinder 7 rotate in opposite directions, the first transmission bevel gear 16 and the first bevel gear ring 17 rotate in opposite directions, further accelerating the rotational speed of the first transmission bevel gear 16 and increasing the rotational speed of the first crushing shaft 14, thereby improving the crushing efficiency.

[0041] The second rotating structure includes a second bevel gear ring 22, which is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the bottom of the outer cylinder 7. A second transmission bevel gear 21, which meshes with the second bevel gear ring 22, is fixedly mounted on the second crushing shaft 19. The second bevel gear ring 22 drives the second crushing shaft 19 to rotate via the second transmission bevel gear 21. Similarly, the second bevel gear ring 22 and the second transmission bevel gear 21 rotate in opposite directions, increasing the rotation speed of the second crushing shaft 19 and improving the crushing efficiency.

[0042] The power structure includes a second motor 9, which is fixedly mounted on the sludge removal cylinder 1. A first bevel gear 10 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the second motor 9. A second bevel gear 11, meshing with the first bevel gear 10, is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the top end of the outer cylinder 7. A third bevel gear 12, meshing with the first bevel gear 10, is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the top end of the inner cylinder 8. The second bevel gear 11 and the third bevel gear 12 are located on the upper and lower sides of the first bevel gear 10, respectively. The inner cylinder 8 and the outer cylinder 7 rotate in opposite directions through the first bevel gear 10, the second bevel gear 11, and the third bevel gear 12.

[0043] A stirring mechanism for agitating sludge is installed on the outer side of the bottom of the sludge-dredging cylinder 1, which feeds the sludge into the sludge inlet of the sludge-dredging cylinder 1. The stirring mechanism includes stirring shafts 24 arranged in a circumferential array on the outside of the sludge-dredging cylinder 1, and the stirring shafts 24 are rotatably connected to the mounting plate 23 via bearings. The mounting plate 23 is fixed to the bottom of the sludge-dredging cylinder 1. Several stirring blades 25 for agitating the sludge are fixedly installed at the bottom of the stirring shafts 24. A transmission gear 26 is fixedly installed at the top of the stirring shafts 24, and the transmission gear 26 meshes with a transmission gear ring 27 fixedly installed on the outer surface of the bottom of the inner cylinder 8. The inner cylinder 8 drives the stirring shafts 24 to rotate through the transmission gear ring 27 and the transmission gear 26. When the inner cylinder 8 rotates, the stirring blades 25 are driven to rotate through the transmission gear ring 27 and the transmission gear 26. The stirring blades 25 further mix the water and sludge, and can break up large pieces of sludge, facilitating the transport of the sludge. During rotation, the stirring blades 25 push the mud-water mixture into the lower part of the sludge removal cylinder 1, making it easier to transport the sludge out through the sludge conveying mechanism.

[0044] The upper part of the sludge-cleaning cylinder 1 is equipped with a water spraying mechanism for spraying water onto the sludge, located above the upper crushing mechanism. The water spraying mechanism applies pressure to the sludge with water while simultaneously mixing it with any clumps, facilitating sludge transport. The water spraying mechanism includes a water pipe 28, which is fixedly installed outside the sludge-cleaning cylinder 1. The water pipe 28 is connected to an external water source via a connecting pipe. Several branch pipes 29, connected to the water pipe 28, are installed on the branch pipes 29, each equipped with a nozzle 30. The nozzles 30 spray high-pressure water onto the sludge.

[0045] The dredging method based on the above-mentioned water conservancy project dredging device includes the following steps:

[0046] S1. Connect the dredging cylinder 1 to the dredging vehicle, and the vehicle moves the dredging cylinder 1. The vehicle can be an existing excavator. The dredging device is connected to the excavator's rocker arm, and the excavator's rocker arm moves the dredging device.

[0047] Turn on the water pump on the water source. The water pump sends water into the water pipe 28 through the connecting pipe. The water is sprayed out through the branch pipe 29 and the nozzle 30. The high-pressure water sprayed out by the nozzle 30 washes away the silt.

[0048] S2. Start the second motor 9. The second motor 9 drives the inner cylinder 8 and outer cylinder 7 to rotate in opposite directions via the first bevel gear 10, the second bevel gear 11, and the third bevel gear 12. The outer cylinder 7 drives the first crushing shaft 14 to rotate via the first fixed plate 13. The first transmission bevel gear 16 on the first crushing shaft 14 rotates under the action of the first bevel gear ring 17. The first crushing shaft 14 drives the first crushing blade 15 to rotate, crushing the silt. The inner cylinder 8 drives the second crushing shaft 19 to rotate via the second fixed plate 18. The second transmission bevel gear 21 on the second crushing shaft 19 rotates under the action of the second bevel gear ring 22. The second crushing shaft 19 drives the second crushing blade 20 to rotate, crushing the silt. The silt mixes with water to form a mud-water mixture.

[0049] S3. The inner cylinder 8 drives the transmission gear ring 27 to rotate. The transmission gear ring 27 drives the stirring shaft 24 to rotate through the transmission gear 26. The stirring shaft 24 stirs the mud-water mixture, breaks up large pieces of silt, and sends the mud-water mixture to the bottom of the sludge removal cylinder 1.

[0050] S4. Start the first motor 3. The first motor 3 drives the central shaft 4 to rotate. The central shaft 4 drives the conveying blades 5 and the sludge discharge blades 6 to rotate. The conveying blades 5 transport the mud-water mixture at the bottom of the sludge removal cylinder 1 upwards into the sludge storage chamber 2. The sludge discharge blades 6 discharge the mud-water mixture through the sewage outlet 31, and then send it to the external mud-water mixture separation device for treatment via the connecting pipe and sludge pump. The mud-water mixture separation device adopts the existing structure as needed.

[0051] Therefore, the dredging device and dredging method for water conservancy projects described in this invention can solve the problems of poor cleaning effect and low efficiency of existing dredging devices for hardened silt.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydraulic dredging device, characterized in that: The dredging cylinder is provided with a sludge inlet at the bottom and a sludge storage chamber at the top, the sludge storage chamber is communicated with the dredging cylinder, a sludge discharge port is arranged on the sludge storage chamber, the sludge discharge port is connected with a sludge pump through a connecting pipe, a sludge conveying mechanism is arranged in the dredging cylinder, upper and lower crushing mechanisms for crushing sludge are arranged outside the dredging cylinder, a power structure for driving the upper and lower crushing mechanisms to rotate reversely is arranged on the dredging cylinder, a stirring mechanism for stirring sludge is arranged outside the bottom end of the dredging cylinder, and the stirring mechanism sends sludge into the sludge inlet of the dredging cylinder; a water spraying mechanism for spraying water on sludge is arranged on the upper part of the dredging cylinder, and the water spraying mechanism is located above the upper crushing mechanism. The upper crushing mechanism comprises an outer cylinder, the outer cylinder is rotatably sleeved outside the dredging cylinder, a first fixed plate is arranged on the outer surface of the outer cylinder, a plurality of first crushing shafts are arranged on the first fixed plate in a circumferential array, the first crushing shafts are rotatably connected with the first fixed plate, and a first crushing knife for crushing sludge is arranged on the side wall outside the first fixed plate of the first crushing shaft; the lower crushing mechanism comprises a first rotating structure for driving the first crushing shaft to rotate. The lower crushing mechanism comprises an inner cylinder, the inner cylinder is located between the outer cylinder and the dredging cylinder, and the inner cylinder is rotatably connected with the dredging cylinder and the outer cylinder through bearings; a second fixed plate is arranged on the lower part of the outer surface of the inner cylinder, the second fixed plate is located outside the outer cylinder, a plurality of second crushing shafts are arranged on the second fixed plate in a circumferential array, the second crushing shafts are rotatably connected with the second fixed plate, and a second crushing knife for crushing sludge is arranged on the side wall outside the second fixed plate of the second crushing shaft; and a second rotating structure for driving the second crushing shaft to rotate is arranged on the bottom of the outer cylinder. The first rotating structure comprises a first bevel gear, the first bevel gear is arranged on the inner surface of the top end of the second fixed plate, a first transmission bevel gear meshing with the first bevel gear is arranged on the first crushing shaft, and the first bevel gear drives the first crushing shaft to rotate through the first transmission bevel gear. The second rotating structure comprises a second bevel gear, the second bevel gear is arranged on the outer surface of the bottom of the outer cylinder, a second transmission bevel gear meshing with the second bevel gear is arranged on the second crushing shaft, and the second bevel gear drives the second crushing shaft to rotate through the second transmission bevel gear.

2. The hydraulic engineering dredging device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power structure comprises a second motor, the second motor is arranged on the dredging cylinder, a first bevel gear is arranged on the output shaft of the second motor, a second bevel gear meshing with the first bevel gear is arranged on the top end of the outer cylinder, a third bevel gear meshing with the first bevel gear is arranged on the top end of the inner cylinder, and the second bevel gear and the third bevel gear are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the first bevel gear.

3. The hydraulic engineering dredging device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The stirring mechanism comprises stirring shafts distributed in a circumferential array outside the dredging cylinder, the stirring shafts are rotatably connected with mounting plates, the mounting plates are fixed on the bottom of the dredging cylinder, a plurality of stirring blades for stirring sludge are arranged on the bottom of the stirring shafts, a transmission gear is arranged on the top end of the stirring shaft, the transmission gear meshes with a transmission gear ring arranged on the outer surface of the bottom of the inner cylinder, and the inner cylinder drives the stirring shaft to rotate through the transmission gear ring and the transmission gear.

4. The hydraulic engineering dredging device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The silt conveying mechanism comprises a central shaft coaxially arranged with the dredging cylinder, a lower part of the central shaft is provided with helical conveying blades, the conveying blades are located inside the dredging cylinder and in contact with the inner wall of the dredging cylinder, a top end of the central shaft is provided with a plurality of circumferentially arrayed mud discharging blades, the mud discharging blades are located inside the mud storage chamber and in contact with the inner wall of the mud storage chamber, the mud discharging blades discharge the silt in the mud storage chamber through the mud discharging port, and a top end outside the mud storage chamber is provided with a first motor for driving the central shaft to rotate, and the central shaft is in sealed rotary connection with the mud storage chamber.

5. A hydraulic engineering dredging device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water spraying mechanism comprises a water pipe fixedly arranged outside the dredging cylinder, the water pipe is in communication with an external water source through a connecting pipe, a plurality of branch pipes in communication with the water pipe are arranged on the water pipe, and a plurality of spray heads are arranged on the branch pipes.

6. A method of dredging based on the device for hydraulic engineering dredging according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, connecting the dredging cylinder with a vehicle for dredging, moving the dredging cylinder by the vehicle, starting a water pump on the water source, sending water into the water pipe through the connecting pipe by the water pump, spraying the water through the branch pipes and the spray heads, and flushing the silt by the high-pressure water sprayed by the spray heads; S2, starting the second motor, driving the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder to rotate in opposite directions by the second motor through the first bevel gear, the second bevel gear and the third bevel gear; driving the first crushing shaft to rotate by the outer cylinder through the first fixed plate, rotating the first transmission bevel gear on the first crushing shaft under the action of the first bevel gear ring, rotating the first crushing cutter by the first crushing shaft to crush the silt; driving the second crushing shaft to rotate by the inner cylinder through the second fixed plate, rotating the second transmission bevel gear on the second crushing shaft under the action of the second bevel gear ring, rotating the second crushing cutter by the second crushing shaft to crush the silt; mixing the silt with water to form a slurry mixture; S3, rotating the transmission gear ring by the inner cylinder, rotating the stirring shaft by the transmission gear ring through the transmission gear, stirring the slurry mixture by the stirring shaft, crushing large pieces of silt at the same time, and sending the slurry mixture into the lower part of the dredging cylinder; S4, starting the first motor, rotating the central shaft by the first motor, rotating the conveying blades and the mud discharging blades by the central shaft, conveying the slurry mixture at the bottom of the dredging cylinder upward into the mud storage chamber by the conveying blades, discharging the slurry mixture by the mud discharging blades through the mud discharging port, and then sending the slurry mixture into an external slurry mixture separation device through the connecting pipe and the sludge pump for treatment.

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