Self-driven composite speed-increasing type impact rock-breaking drilling device and self-driven composite speed-increasing type impact rock-breaking drilling method

Abstract

The invention provides a self-driven composite speed-increasing type impact rock breaking drilling device and method, and belongs to the technical field of mining industry and mining. The technical problems that the drilling efficiency of complex rock stratums is low, and the drill bit driving mode is single are solved. The device comprises a self-driven down-the-hole hammer and an impactor connector connected with the self-driven down-the-hole hammer, the self-driven down-the-hole hammer comprises an outer sleeve and a down-the-hole hammer movable head, an air guide channel is formed in the impactor connector, a coil, a rotation speed increasing device, an air cylinder and an air inlet chamber are arranged in the outer sleeve, and the air cylinder comprises an air cylinder front chamber, an air cylinder rear chamber and a middle piston. A magnet ring and a coil are arranged on the middle piston, the two ends of the coil are connected with the positive pole and the negative pole of a rotary speed increasing device respectively, and the rotary speed increasing device makes contact with the movable head of the down-hole hammer. The magnet ring cuts the copper coil to generate induction current to supply energy to the motor, the rotation speed of the drill bit for hard rock stratum drilling is increased, and the efficiency of drilling operation is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of mining and mining technology, and in particular to a self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock-breaking drilling device and method. Background Art

[0002] Coal mines have complex geological conditions, with soft, medium-hard, and hard rocks often interspersed. Traditional drilling equipment, limited by a single drive mode, can meet basic operational needs, but still faces the following problems when dealing with hard rock formations: 1) The rock has high compressive strength and strong abrasiveness. Traditional drill bits have insufficient cutting resistance, which leads to reduced drilling efficiency and increased mining costs. 2) Traditional drill bits are not adaptable to complex rock formations. When encountering hard rock, the cutting teeth are prone to rapid wear due to high stress impact, requiring frequent replacement.

[0003] Traditional drilling methods include: 1) The drill bit rotates and cuts rocks by rotating the drill rig. Rock breaking is achieved by matching the drilling pressure and rotation speed. It has a wide range of applications, but it is not suitable for hard rocks because the cutting force is insufficient, the drilling efficiency is low, and the drill bit wears out quickly. 2) Diamond wireline coring is suitable for high-precision sampling and geological exploration, but it is slow and costly, making it unsuitable for large-scale mining. 3) Using compressed air (or flushing fluid) to drive the impactor to impact at high frequency and combine it with the rotation of the drill bit to break the rock can significantly improve drilling efficiency compared with ordinary rotary drilling. However, in complex rock formations, it is difficult to match the impact pressure with the rotation speed, resulting in fluctuations in drilling efficiency and severe wear of the drill bit.

[0004] Therefore, developing a new, highly efficient rock-breaking device to overcome the technical bottleneck of drilling through rock strata under current complex geological conditions has become a key issue that urgently needs to be addressed in the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems of low drilling efficiency in complex rock formations and a single drill bit drive mode, this application proposes a self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock-breaking drilling device and method. The purpose is to utilize electromagnetic induction to generate current in conjunction with a built-in motor, thereby providing power for the impact rotation of the drill bit. When encountering hard rock formations, the drilling efficiency is effectively improved by accelerating the rotation speed.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: a self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock-breaking drilling device, including a self-driven down-the-hole hammer and an impactor joint connected to the self-driven down-the-hole hammer. The self-driven down-the-hole hammer includes an outer sleeve and a down-the-hole hammer movable head. An air guide channel is provided inside the impactor joint. A coil, a rotary speed-increasing device, a cylinder, and an air inlet chamber are provided inside the outer sleeve. The cylinder includes a cylinder front chamber, a cylinder rear chamber, and a middle piston. A magnet ring and a coil are provided on the middle piston. The two ends of the coil are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the rotary speed-increasing device. The rotary speed-increasing device is in contact with the down-the-hole hammer movable head.

[0007] Furthermore, the slewing speed-increasing device includes a bearing, an air guide pipe, and a motor. The inner wall of the down-the-hole hammer's movable head is connected to the bearing, and the outer wall of the down-the-hole hammer's movable head is connected to one end of the outer sleeve. The air guide pipe is located inside the motor, and one end of the air guide pipe is inserted into the bearing.

[0008] Furthermore, the cylinder rear chamber includes a second guide seal sleeve and an impact base. One end of the impact base is connected to the inner wall of the outer sleeve, and the other end of the impact base is connected to one end of the second guide seal sleeve. The other end of the second guide seal sleeve is gap-connected to the inner wall of the middle piston, and the other end of the air guide tube is inserted into the interior of the second guide seal sleeve.

[0009] Furthermore, the air intake chamber includes an air intake plug and an air plug core, with the air plug core positioned between the air intake plug and the impactor connector.

[0010] Furthermore, the cylinder front chamber is provided with a first guide sealing sleeve, one end of which is connected to the middle piston with clearance, and the other end of which is connected to the outer wall of the intake plug.

[0011] Furthermore, one end of the air intake plug is provided with a first air hole, the other end of the air intake plug is provided with a second air hole, and the air intake plug is provided with an air intake channel inside, with the first air hole inserted into the inside of the first guide sealing sleeve.

[0012] Furthermore, the air-blocking core includes a spring and a one-way valve. One end of the one-way valve is connected to one end of the spring, and the other end of the one-way valve blocks the air guide passage; the other end of the spring is connected to the second air hole.

[0013] Furthermore, the central piston is connected to the coil with a gap; the central piston is also connected to the inner wall of the outer sleeve with a gap. There are air guide gaps between the cylinder front chamber, the cylinder rear chamber and the outer sleeve.

[0014] Furthermore, the down-the-hole hammer moving head includes a drill bit, which has multiple air guide holes.

[0015] An impact rock-breaking drilling method, implemented using the aforementioned self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock-breaking drilling device, includes the following steps: Step 1: Connect the self-propelled down-the-hole hammer to the impactor connector and drill deep into the rock formation for drilling operations; Step 2: When the drill bit of the down-the-hole hammer's movable head touches the rock strata and comes into close contact with them, the impact base comes into close contact with the central piston, and the down-the-hole hammer's movable head is in a state of inward contraction due to the compression of the axial force. Step 3: Start the drilling rig. Compressed air enters the intake chamber through the air guide channel inside the impactor joint, opens the one-way valve, enters the intake channel through the second air hole, enters the air guide gap in the cylinder front chamber through the first air hole, and enters the cylinder rear chamber through the air guide gap. When the air pressure inside the cylinder rear chamber reaches a certain pressure, the compressed air pushes the middle piston close to the first guide seal sleeve, compressing the air inside the cylinder front chamber. At the same time, the magnet ring on the outer wall of the middle piston cuts the copper coil to generate an induced current. Step 4: After the middle piston separates from the second guide seal sleeve, air is discharged through the second guide seal sleeve, air guide tube and air guide hole. At this time, the air pressure in the front chamber of the cylinder is greater than the air pressure in the rear chamber of the cylinder. The middle piston moves closer to the second guide seal sleeve and finally pushes the impact base to extend the drill bit outward. At the same time, the magnet ring cuts the copper coil again to generate an induced current. Step 5: The outer sleeve drives the drill bit to continuously impact and rotate. The induced current generated by the magnet ring cutting the copper coil is processed by the rotation speed-up device and used as the energy source for the motor to provide stable power to the motor. The motor then transmits the power through the bearing to further increase the rotation speed of the drill bit. Step 6: Repeat steps 3 to 5 to complete the drilling operation, then stop supplying compressed air.

[0016] The advantages of this application over the prior art are as follows: 1. This application generates induced current by cutting a copper coil with a magnet ring to power a motor, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy to drive the drill bit rotation, thus realizing the secondary utilization of energy, improving energy utilization efficiency, reducing overall energy consumption, and having the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection and high efficiency.

[0017] 2. This application enables stable drilling in soft and medium-hard rock formations, and significantly improves drilling speed in hard rock formations, eliminating the need for frequent drill bit replacements and saving operating costs.

[0018] 3. Compared with traditional drilling methods, this application increases the impact frequency when the resistance of drilling in hard rock formations increases, and the speed of cutting magnetic field lines also increases, resulting in more induced current. The motor further increases the rotation speed of the drill bit on the basis of the drill bit's own rotation speed, which significantly improves the total rotation speed of the drill bit, greatly shortens the construction cycle, and improves the efficiency of drilling operations. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, further illustrates this application: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air guide hole and drill bit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a sectional view; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the operation process of the device in this application within rock strata. Figure 1 ; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the operation process of the device in this application within rock strata. Figure 2 ; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rotation speed-increasing device in this application. In the diagram: 1 is a self-propelled down-the-hole hammer, 2 is the impactor connector, 3 is the air guide channel, 4 is the outer sleeve, 5 is the moving head of the down-the-hole hammer, 6 is the copper coil, 7 is the rotation speed increase device, 8 is the cylinder, 9 is the air inlet chamber, 10 is the air guide hole, 11 is the drill bit, 12 is the bearing, 13 is the air guide pipe, 14 is the motor, 15 is the cylinder front chamber, 16 is the cylinder rear chamber, 17 is the middle piston, 18 is the air inlet plug, 19 is the air plug core, 20 is the first air hole, 21 is the second air hole, 22 is the air inlet channel, 23 is the spring, 24 is the one-way valve, 25 is the first guide sealing sleeve, 26 is the second guide sealing sleeve, 27 is the impact base, 28 is the magnet ring, 29 is the rock stratum, and 30 is the air guide gap. Detailed Implementation

[0020] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate relative orientations or positional relationships and are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0021] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this application provides a self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock-breaking drilling device, including a self-driven down-the-hole hammer 1 that can penetrate deep into rock strata 29 and an impactor joint 2 threadedly connected to the self-driven down-the-hole hammer 1. An air guide channel 3 is provided inside the impactor joint 2. The self-driven down-the-hole hammer 1 includes an outer sleeve 4 and a down-the-hole hammer movable head 5.

[0023] The outer casing 4 contains a coil, a rotation speed-increasing device 7, a cylinder 8, and an air inlet chamber 9. The down-the-hole hammer movable head 5 includes a drill bit 11 with three air guide holes 10. The specific number of air guide holes 10 is not limited in this application; this embodiment provides a relatively conventional number. The coil can be a copper coil 6; the specific material is not limited in this embodiment, as long as it is conductive.

[0024] The rotation speed-increasing device 7 includes a bearing 12, an air guide pipe 13, and a motor 14; the cylinder 8 includes a cylinder front chamber 15, a cylinder rear chamber 16, and a central piston 17; the air intake chamber 9 includes an air intake plug 18 and an air-blocking core 19. The air intake plug 18 has a first air hole 20 at one end and a second air hole 21 at the other end, and an air intake channel 22 inside; the air-blocking core 19 includes a spring 23 and a one-way valve 24; the cylinder front chamber 15 is provided with a first guide sealing sleeve 25; the cylinder rear chamber 16 is provided with a second guide sealing sleeve 26 and an impact base 27; a magnetic ring 28 is provided on the central piston 17. Furthermore, there are air guide gaps 30 between the cylinder front chamber 15, the cylinder rear chamber 16, and the outer sleeve 4.

[0025] The inner wall of the down-the-hole hammer movable head 5 is connected to the bearing 12, the outer wall of the down-the-hole hammer movable head 5 is connected to one end of the outer sleeve 4, and the other end of the outer sleeve 4 is threadedly connected to the impactor connector 2.

[0026] The air guide pipe 13 is located inside the motor 14. One end of the air guide pipe 13 is inserted into the bearing 12, and the other end of the air guide pipe 13 is inserted into the second guide sealing sleeve 26.

[0027] One end of the impact base 27 is connected to the inner wall of the outer sleeve 4, and the other end of the impact base 27 is connected to one end of the second guide sealing sleeve 26; the other end of the second guide sealing sleeve 26 is connected to the inner wall of the middle piston 17 with a gap; the middle piston 17 is connected to the copper coil 6 with a gap; the middle piston 17 is connected to the inner wall of the outer sleeve 4 with a gap.

[0028] One end of the first guide sealing sleeve 25 is connected to the central piston 17 with a gap, and the other end of the first guide sealing sleeve 25 is connected to the outer wall of the air inlet plug 18; the first air hole 20 is inserted into the interior of the first guide sealing sleeve 25.

[0029] One end of the one-way valve 24 is connected to one end of the spring 23, and the other end of the one-way valve 24 blocks the air guide passage 3; the other end of the spring 23 is connected to the second air hole 21.

[0030] The two ends of the copper coil 6 are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power supply of the motor 14 in the rotation speed-increasing device 7.

[0031] This application also proposes an impact rock-breaking drilling method, which mainly includes the following steps: Step 1: Connect the self-propelled down-the-hole hammer 1 to the impactor connector 2 and drill into the rock stratum 29. Step 2: When the drill bit 11 of the down-the-hole hammer movable head 5 touches the rock layer 29 and is in close contact with the rock layer 29, the impact base 27 is in close contact with the central piston 17, and the down-the-hole hammer movable head 5 is in an inward contraction state due to the compression of the axial force. Step 3: Start the drilling rig. Compressed air enters the intake chamber 9 through the air guide channel 3 inside the impactor connector 2, opens the one-way valve 24, enters the intake channel 22 through the second air hole 21, enters the air guide gap 30 in the cylinder front chamber 15 through the first air hole 20, and enters the cylinder rear chamber 16 through the air guide gap 30. When the air pressure inside the cylinder rear chamber 16 reaches a certain pressure, the compressed air pushes the middle piston 17 close to the first guide seal sleeve 25, compressing the air inside the cylinder front chamber 15. At the same time, the magnet ring 28 on the outer wall of the middle piston 17 cuts the copper coil 6 to generate an induced current. Step 4: After the middle piston 17 separates from the second guide seal sleeve 26, air is discharged through the second guide seal sleeve 26, the air guide pipe 13 and the air guide hole 10. At this time, the air pressure inside the cylinder front chamber 15 is greater than the air pressure inside the cylinder rear chamber 16. The middle piston 17 moves closer to the second guide seal sleeve 26 and finally pushes the impact base 27 to extend the drill bit 11 outward. At the same time, the magnet ring 28 cuts the copper coil 6 again to generate an induced current. Step 5: The outer sleeve 4 drives the drill bit 11 to continuously impact and rotate. The induced current generated by the magnet ring 28 cutting the copper coil 6 is processed by the rotation speed-increasing device 7 and used as the energy source for the motor 14 to provide stable power to the motor 14. The motor 14 then transmits the power through the bearing 12 to further increase the rotation speed of the drill bit 11. Step 6: Repeat steps 3 to 5 to complete the drilling operation, then stop supplying compressed air.

[0032] The induced current generated by the magnet ring 28 cutting the copper coil 6 in this application can effectively increase the rotational speed of the drill bit 11. Especially under the drilling conditions of hard rock formations, the drilling resistance increases, the impact frequency will increase accordingly, the speed of cutting magnetic field lines will be faster, and thus more induced current will be generated. The motor 14 further increases the rotational speed of the drill bit 11 by V2 (i.e., the rotational speed of the drill bit 11 driven by the outer sleeve 4) based on the rotational speed V1 of the drill bit 11 itself (i.e., the basic rotational speed of the drill bit 11 driven by the outer sleeve 4). Therefore, the total rotational speed of the drill bit 11 is V = V1 + V2. Thus, the rotational speed of the drill bit 11 is significantly improved, greatly shortening the construction cycle and improving the efficiency of drilling operations.

[0033] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock-breaking drilling device, comprising a self-driven down-the-hole hammer (1) and an impactor connector (2) connected to the self-driven down-the-hole hammer (1), wherein the self-driven down-the-hole hammer (1) comprises an outer casing (4) and a down-the-hole hammer movable head (5), and the impactor connector (2) is provided with an air guide channel (3), characterized in that: The outer tube (4) is equipped with a coil, a rotation speed-increasing device (7), a cylinder (8) and an air intake chamber (9). The cylinder (8) includes a cylinder front chamber (15), a cylinder rear chamber (16) and a middle piston (17). The middle piston (17) is equipped with a magnet ring (28) and a coil. The two ends of the coil are connected to the positive and negative poles of the rotation speed-increasing device (7) respectively. The rotation speed-increasing device (7) is in contact with the moving head (5) of the downhole hammer.

2. The self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock-breaking drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation speed-increasing device (7) includes a bearing (12), an air guide pipe (13) and a motor (14). The inner wall of the downhole hammer movable head (5) is connected to the bearing (12), and the outer wall of the downhole hammer movable head (5) is connected to one end of the outer sleeve (4). The air guide pipe (13) is located inside the motor (14), and one end of the air guide pipe (13) is inserted into the bearing (12).

3. The self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock-breaking drilling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cylinder rear chamber (16) includes a second guide seal sleeve (26) and an impact base (27). One end of the impact base (27) is connected to the inner wall of the outer sleeve (4), and the other end of the impact base (27) is connected to one end of the second guide seal sleeve (26). The other end of the second guide seal sleeve (26) is connected to the inner wall of the middle piston (17) with a gap, and the other end of the air guide pipe (13) is inserted into the interior of the second guide seal sleeve (26).

4. The self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock-breaking drilling device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The air intake chamber (9) includes an air intake plug (18) and an air plug (19), with the air plug (19) positioned between the air intake plug (18) and the impactor connector (2).

5. The self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock-breaking drilling device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cylinder front chamber (15) is provided with a first guide seal sleeve (25). One end of the first guide seal sleeve (25) is connected to the middle piston (17) with a gap, and the other end of the first guide seal sleeve (25) is connected to the outer wall of the air intake plug (18).

6. The self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock-breaking drilling device according to claim 5, characterized in that: One end of the air inlet plug (18) is provided with a first air hole (20), and the other end of the air inlet plug (18) is provided with a second air hole (21). An air inlet channel (22) is provided inside the air inlet plug (18), and the first air hole (20) is inserted into the first guide sealing sleeve (25).

7. The self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock-breaking drilling device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The air-blocking core (19) includes a spring (23) and a one-way valve (24). One end of the one-way valve (24) is connected to one end of the spring (23), and the other end of the one-way valve (24) blocks the air passage (3); the other end of the spring (23) is connected to the second air hole (21).

8. The self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock-breaking drilling device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The middle piston (17) is connected to the coil with a gap; the middle piston (17) is connected to the inner wall of the outer sleeve (4) with a gap; There is a guide gap (30) between the cylinder front chamber (15), the cylinder rear chamber (16) and the outer sleeve (4).

9. The self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock-breaking drilling device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The down-the-hole hammer movable head (5) includes a drill bit (11), and the drill bit (11) has multiple air guide holes (10).

10. A method for rock-breaking drilling, characterized in that: This is achieved using the self-driven composite speed-increasing impact rock-breaking drilling device as described in claim 9, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Connect the self-propelled down-the-hole hammer (1) to the impactor connector (2) and drill into the rock strata (29); Step 2: When the drill bit (11) of the down-the-hole hammer moving head (5) touches the rock layer (29) and is in close contact with the rock layer (29), the impact base (27) is in close contact with the central piston (17), and the down-the-hole hammer moving head (5) is in an inward contraction state due to the compression of the axial force. Step 3: Start the drilling rig. Compressed air enters the intake chamber (9) through the air guide channel (3) inside the impactor connector (2), opens the one-way valve (24), enters the intake channel (22) through the second air hole (21), enters the air guide gap (30) in the cylinder front chamber (15) through the first air hole (20), and enters the cylinder rear chamber (16) through the air guide gap (30). When the air pressure inside the cylinder rear chamber (16) reaches a certain pressure, the compressed air pushes the middle piston (17) close to the first guide seal sleeve (25), compressing the air inside the cylinder front chamber (15). At the same time, the magnet ring (28) on the outer wall of the middle piston (17) cuts the copper coil (6) to generate an induced current. Step 4: After the middle piston (17) separates from the second guide seal sleeve (26), air is discharged through the second guide seal sleeve (26), the air guide pipe (13) and the air guide hole (10). At this time, the air pressure inside the cylinder front chamber (15) is greater than the air pressure inside the cylinder rear chamber (16). The middle piston (17) moves closer to the second guide seal sleeve (26) and finally pushes the impact base (27) to extend the drill bit (11) outward. At the same time, the magnet ring (28) cuts the copper coil (6) again to generate an induced current. Step 5: The outer sleeve (4) drives the drill bit (11) to continuously impact and rotate. The induced current generated by the magnet ring (28) cutting the copper coil (6) is processed by the rotation speed-increasing device (7) and used as the energy source of the motor (14) to stably supply power to the motor (14). The motor (14) then transmits power through the bearing (12) to further realize the rotation speed increase of the drill bit (11). Step 6: Repeat steps 3 to 5 to complete the drilling operation, then stop supplying compressed air.

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