Mine breathing effect wind pressure regulation and mining-following wind resistance intelligent cooperative control system

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent cooperative control system for mine breathing effect wind pressure adjustment and mining-following wind resistance. Comprising a mine multi-parameter intelligent feedback wind pressure regulation and control method, a roadway top cavity multi-channel wind flow regulation and control mechanism and a mining-following sliding closed wind shielding device. According to dynamic sensing of multi-source environmental parameters, including coal face air flow pressure, overlying goaf static pressure and overflow CO concentration, a breathing effect intensity index HBI is calculated, and based on the HBI and a pressure difference direction, linear mapping is conducted on the target opening degree of an openable and closable tuyere assembly, and a dynamic regulation and control instruction is generated; a regulation and control instruction acts on the roadway top cavity multi-channel airflow regulation and control mechanism, the mechanism integrates a direct flow channel, a Z-shaped airflow channel and a pressurization channel, and intelligent regulation of airflow distribution and ventilation pressure intensity is achieved. The mining-following sliding airtight wind shielding device comprises a sliding guide rail assembly, a reel type folding airtight structure and a double-layer flexible branch bin air bag airtight assembly and synchronously slides along with advancing of the working face, and dynamic airtight and isolation compensation of the goaf is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine ventilation and airtight control technology, and in particular to an intelligent collaborative control system for mine breathing effect air pressure regulation and mining-related air resistance, which is used to achieve intelligent collaborative control of airflow regulation and goaf airtight management under the influence of natural wind pressure fluctuations in the mine. Background Technology

[0002] During deep mining operations, changes in external environment such as temperature and surface air pressure fluctuations cause significant natural wind pressure variations within the mine shaft. This leads to gas exchange between the breathing area of ​​underground workers and the enclosed area of ​​the overlying goaf, creating a "breathing effect" in the mine with bidirectional flow characteristics. This effect causes unstable disturbances in underground airflow, potentially leading to problems such as harmful gas backflow and oxygen backflow. To mitigate the safety risks posed by the breathing effect, current methods mainly involve corner sealing and installing ventilation windows to regulate airflow. However, existing control technologies generally suffer from problems such as slow response, low adjustment accuracy, inability to automatically switch control modes based on wind pressure changes, and lack of adjustability of the sealed structure as mining progresses. Goaf enclosures typically use fixed structures, which cannot adapt to spatial changes caused by the advancement of the working face. Furthermore, traditional windbreak structures have poor sealing performance and cannot form an effective wind pressure barrier, resulting in large-scale air leakage into the goaf and disturbing the wind pressure in the breathing area of ​​workers. Traditional airflow control methods rely heavily on manual experience or single sensor signals for adjustment, lacking comprehensive analysis of multi-source monitoring data. They cannot accurately identify the intensity of the breathing effect, nor can they adaptively control the opening of ventilation shafts. Furthermore, they suffer from lag in control and non-closed-loop feedback paths, making it difficult to meet the precise control requirements under rapidly changing wind pressure fields. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a novel intelligent mine control system that integrates multi-dimensional monitoring parameters to achieve breathing effect intensity identification, airflow and wind pressure control, and corner location sealing linkage control. This system would proactively suppress the leakage of harmful gases from overlying goaf areas and dynamically maintain a stable safe wind pressure environment in the working area. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention discloses an intelligent collaborative control system for mine breathing effect air pressure regulation and on-the-fly wind resistance, which can effectively cope with the airflow instability caused by natural air pressure fluctuations in mines and realize synchronous control of on-the-fly sealing management of goaf areas. The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0004] A mine breathing effect air pressure regulation and mining-related air resistance intelligent collaborative control system is characterized by including: a mine multi-parameter intelligent feedback air pressure regulation method, including real-time acquisition of multi-dimensional monitoring parameters such as coal face airflow pressure, overlying goaf static pressure, and overflow CO concentration; calculation of the breathing effect intensity index (HBI) and combining the index with the positive and negative mapping of pressure difference to the target opening degree of the openable and closable air outlet component; outputting corresponding airflow regulation commands; arranging a multi-channel airflow regulation mechanism in the roadway roof cavity in the ventilation control area, regulating airflow through DC channels, Z-shaped airflow channels, and pressurization channels; and setting a mining-related sliding sealed air-blocking device at the junction of the working face and the goaf, wherein the air-blocking device slides synchronously with the advancement of the working face.

[0005] In one specific implementation, the mine multi-parameter intelligent feedback air pressure control method includes a feedback control system composed of a breathing effect parameter acquisition module, a breathing effect intensity index calculation module, an openable / closeable air outlet component area mapping module, a dispatching command generation module, and an actuator. The breathing effect parameter acquisition module includes an intelligent intrinsically safe air pressure detection terminal arranged in the airflow channel of the coal face, used to acquire the air pressure P on the airflow side of the coal face. face And an explosion-proof static pressure sensing module installed inside the overlying goaf to obtain the static pressure P of the overlying goaf. gob Simultaneously, intelligent explosion-proof CO migration sensing terminals are deployed within the borehole to monitor in real time the CO concentration (C) migrating from the overlying goaf to the breathing area of ​​personnel. CO The breathing effect intensity index calculation module receives the above three types of parameters and calculates the difference between the air pressure at the coal face and the static pressure in the overlying goaf, ΔP = P. face -P gob Furthermore, the fluctuation range A of ΔP within 1 hour is extracted. 1h The system normalizes and sets weighting factors to adjust |ΔP| and A. 1h and C COA multi-parameter weighted breathing intensity index (HBI) is generated through fusion calculations to measure the intensity and risk level of gas interaction between the overlying goaf and the breathing zone of personnel. The area mapping module for the openable / closable vent component automatically invokes a preset linear area mapping relationship based on the calculated HBI value and distinguishes the positive and negative directions of ΔP, outputting the optimal opening value for the target openable / closable vent component. The allocation command generation module generates airflow adjustment control commands based on the mapped target opening area and the directionality of ΔP, and sends them to the execution layer equipment, namely the multi-channel airflow control mechanism in the roadway roof cavity located in the ventilation control area. The system's intelligent intrinsically safe wind pressure detection terminal, explosion-proof static pressure sensing module, and intelligent explosion-proof CO migration sensing terminal continuously transmit monitoring signals back to the breathing effect intelligent control engine. After adjustment, the signal results are used again for feedback closed-loop control. When the multi-channel airflow control mechanism in the roadway roof fails to suppress the operation, the sliding and sealed windbreak device set at the junction of the working face and the goaf is deployed to ensure that the adjustment behavior and the actual response are accurately matched, thus forming a dynamic adaptive wind pressure control closed-loop system.

[0006] In one specific implementation, the breathing effect intensity index calculation and openable / closable vent component area mapping module dynamically generates wind pressure control commands based on collected multi-source monitoring parameters. First, the static pressure difference ΔP = P between the coal face airflow side and the overlying goaf is calculated. face -P gob And extract the fluctuation range A of this pressure difference over 1 hour. 1h and CO concentration C overflowing from the overlying goaf CO These parameters constitute the three-dimensional respiratory effect characteristic parameters. To ensure dimensional uniformity and comparability among different physical quantities, the parameters are normalized. The specific calculation method is as follows: Normalized value of absolute pressure difference: P * =|ΔP| / |ΔP max |; Normalized value of differential pressure fluctuation: A * =A 1h / A max CO concentration normalized value: C * =C CO / C max , where |ΔP max |、A max C max These represent the maximum acceptable parameters for the mine, respectively. Then, weighting factors α, β, and γ are introduced, where α ranges from 0.5 to 0.6, β from 0.1 to 0.2, and γ from 0.3 to 0.4, and their sum is always 1. The three normalized results are then weighted and fused to form the comprehensive respiratory effect intensity index (HBI), calculated as follows: HBI = αP * +βA * +γC* Combining the HBI index and pressure differential directionality, the system uses an area mapping model to adjust the opening degree of the openable / closable air vent assembly: when ΔP>0, it indicates that the air pressure at the coal face is higher than the static pressure in the overlying goaf, requiring a reduction in the area of ​​the openable / closable air vent assembly and coordinated control of the guide baffle opening and increased perforated vane angle. The calculated area of ​​the openable / closable air vent assembly is: S=S base -S base HBI; When ΔP<0, it indicates that the static pressure in the overlying goaf is greater than the breathing pressure of personnel, and there may be a risk of harmful gases escaping through cracks. In this case, it is necessary to increase the opening of the air vent to form a suppressed airflow, and to control the guide baffle to close and the openable air vent assembly on the air outlet side to open. The area of ​​the openable air vent assembly is calculated as: S=S base +(S max -S base HBI. Among them, S base S represents the basic opening degree of the openable / closable air vent assembly. max This represents the maximum allowable opening degree of the openable / closable air vent assembly.

[0007] In one specific implementation, the multi-channel airflow control mechanism in the tunnel roof cavity is an integrated cuboid structure, comprising a shell structure, an air pressure regulating device, and a self-compensating pressurized air duct. The device is located in the tunnel ventilation control area. The shell structure is a multi-panel enclosed structure, forming a closed cavity structure, providing installation space for the internal airflow channels, air pressure regulating device, and connecting components. The air pressure regulating device is symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the cuboid structure to create ventilation path switching conditions. The self-compensating pressurized air duct is connected to an openable / closable air outlet assembly on the air outlet side. The entire device structure, once integrally formed, can be transported, positioned, and installed as a whole, adapting to the tunnel cross-sectional space requirements.

[0008] In one specific implementation, the shell structure includes a fixed cover plate at the top, a supporting base plate at the bottom, left and right side plates, an air inlet shell plate, and an air outlet shell plate. The fixed cover plate, the supporting base plate, and the side plates enclose a hollow cavity, which is used to accommodate a guide baffle, a guide rail sliding structure, and a wind pressure regulating device. The air inlet shell plate and the air outlet shell plate are respectively provided with openable and closable air vent assemblies in their middle portions. Each openable and closable air vent assembly consists of two opposing pull plates disposed within a guide rail. The two opposing pull plates are arranged in a sliding configuration facing each other, and the guide rail assembly restricts their sliding position and direction. Slow-flow air outlets are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the air outlet shell plate. The openable / closable air outlet assembly has two guide baffles on its side, namely a first guide baffle and a second guide baffle. The first guide baffle is wider than the second guide baffle. The two guide baffles are respectively installed on the inner wall of the hollow cavity via hinge shafts. The guide baffles can rotate around the hinge shafts under the control of a transmission mechanism. When both guide baffles are in the closed state, the second guide baffle is located inside the guide surface, and the first guide baffle is pressed against the outer edge of the second guide baffle, forming a stacked and sealed structure. The outer side of the openable / closable air outlet assembly on the air outlet side is connected to a self-compensating pressurized air duct, forming a connection channel between the inside of the device and the roadway ventilation system.

[0009] In one specific implementation, the air pressure regulating device is installed in the hollow cavities on both sides of the shell structure of the multi-channel airflow control mechanism in the tunnel roof cavity. Each hollow cavity contains a set of dual-rotor deflecting airflow equalizers and a flow stabilizing grid. The dual-rotor deflecting airflow equalizer includes two perforated rotors staggered vertically along the airflow direction. Each perforated rotor is a plate-like structure in a rectangular shape. The perforated rotors are rotatably connected to the shell base via a hinge shaft, which is laterally arranged to facilitate angle adjustment of the perforated rotors around the hinge shaft. The two perforated rotors are structurally independent, and their rotational movement can change the airflow path, forming different airflow channel structures within the entire hollow cavity. The adjustable rotation angle range of the perforated rotors is 30° to 60°, and the angle change is achieved through linkage with a transmission mechanism. Specifically, when the rotation angle is less than 45°, the airflow channel is approximately straight, flowing directly from the inlet to the outlet. When the rotation angle is greater than 45°, the airflow path deflects, forming a Z-shaped loop. To control the angle change of the porous vane, a set of limiting blocks is provided on the outlet side of the housing. These limiting blocks are fixed to the inner wall of the outlet side shell plate, corresponding to the edge of the porous vane. They limit the maximum opening and closing angles of the porous vane's rotation around the axis, preventing excessive rotation that could cause interference or jamming. Each porous vane has multiple ventilation hole groups, arranged sequentially from near to far along the airflow direction. The two adjacent rows of ventilation holes closest to the center of the hollow cavity have the smallest aperture, the middle rows have the same aperture larger than the minimum, and the furthest row has the largest aperture, forming a stepped arrangement to create a multi-level airflow distribution channel. The flow stabilizing grid is located downstream of the porous vane and consists of a grid structure formed by orthogonal horizontal and vertical columns, creating a regularly arranged porous area. The outer surface of each column is covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating of a certain thickness, covering the entire exposed surface of the column. The flow stabilizing grid can be configured as a detachable component for easy maintenance and replacement. The dual-vane deflecting airflow equalizer and the flow stabilizing grid are fixed to the hollow cavity by supports, and their relative positions are defined by positioning components to ensure the stability and repeatability of the placement.

[0010] In one specific implementation, the self-compensating pressurized duct is located at the air outlet of the shell structure and communicates with the openable / closable air outlet assembly on the air outlet side. The duct body is a multi-segment structure extending along the airflow direction, forming a pressurized channel as a whole, including a tapered pipe section located in the upstream section and a rectangular pipe section connected to the end of the tapered pipe section. The tapered pipe section extends outward from the air outlet end, and its pipe cross-section gradually narrows along the airflow direction, forming a contracting channel. Air inlets are symmetrically arranged on the left and right side walls of the tapered pipe section. The air inlets penetrate the wall of the tapered pipe section along the left and right axial direction. A partition plate is arranged inside the air inlet. The partition plate is a sheet-like structure located inside the air inlet and forms an angle with the inner wall of the tapered pipe section. The angle is set to 10°-15°. The partition plate extends from the air inlet position towards the air outlet direction and is distributed in the middle of the duct. The rectangular pipe section is located at the downstream end of the tapered pipe section, and its cross-sectional dimensions are the same as those of the rectangular cross-section at the end of the tapered pipe section. It is used to maintain the final cross-sectional shape of the pressurization channel. The pressurization duct is a detachable structure.

[0011] In one specific implementation, the sliding and airtight windbreak device includes multiple structural components, which are respectively arranged at different locations at the boundary between the working face and the goaf, and are arranged as a whole along the direction of the roadway sidewall, forming a structural system that combines sealing and sliding. The device includes a sliding guide rail assembly set on the roadway sidewall, a roll-type folding airtight structure, a bottom tray and pulleys, hooks, screw-in fixed anchor bolts, and double-layer flexible compartmented airbag airtight assemblies arranged at the top, bottom and near the roadway sidewall.

[0012] In one specific implementation, the sliding guide rail assembly is arranged along the sidewall of the tunnel, with installation positions including the top, middle, and bottom regions of the tunnel sidewall, to achieve stable support and guidance of the structure across the entire height of the tunnel cross-section. The sliding guide rail assembly consists of a guide rail body, laterally arranged connecting members (i.e., crossbars), and a retraction positioning rod for providing limiting and positioning functions during the winding and storage of the sealed structure. The guide rail body is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and is installed on the surface of the hard surrounding rock or support structure of the tunnel through welding or a dedicated anchoring structure. The crossbar spans between the arranged guide rail bodies perpendicular to the tunnel axis, used for connecting and supporting the lateral positioning of the sealed structure. The retraction positioning rod is arranged perpendicular to the crossbar, used for precise positioning when the sealed structure moves or winds to a specific position. The guide rail structure forms a connection with both the upper and lower edges of the roll-type folding sealed structure, allowing the entire sealed body to slide and move along the working face advancement direction under the guidance of the guide rail, while maintaining the stability of the movement path. At the lower part of the guide rail system, namely the tunnel floor area, a bottom tray structure is installed. This tray is laid along the tunnel floor and is mechanically connected and fixed to the bottom sliding guide rail. Multiple pulleys are installed under the bottom tray. The pulleys move along the track on the tunnel floor, and the tray guides the bottom movement of the flexible sealed structure, realizing its overall stable movement during the advancement process and providing horizontal movement support for the lower end of the sealed structure.

[0013] In one specific implementation, the upper and lower ends of the roll-type folding sealed structure are connected to a sliding guide rail assembly, including a roll, vertical support rods, a flexible air barrier, and flexible perforated grooves. The roll is perpendicular to the guide rail structure, and the roll can be manually or electrically wound to achieve the flexible air barrier, and manually unfolding the flexible air barrier. The flexible air barrier is a strip structure composed of two layers of materials: an outer layer of mining-grade polyester flame-retardant fabric and an inner layer of mining-grade rubber-based composite airtight membrane. The two layers are fixed by hot pressing to form a flexible integrated structure. A vertical support rod is installed every 80-100cm along the width direction inside the flexible air barrier, passing between the outer and inner layers to maintain the three-dimensional shape of the flexible air barrier in its unfolded state. After unfolding, the flexible air barrier is positioned at a corner. Flexible perforated slots are provided on both the upper and lower parts of the side away from the tunnel wall. The upper part has one flexible perforated slot, which passes through a hook and connects to the anchor mesh on the tunnel wall. The lower part has two flexible perforated slots, which cooperate with screw-in fixed anchor rods to secure the unfolded flexible air barrier. After aligning the edges of the flexible air barrier, the operator can manually hook the perforations into the hooks and screw in the anchor rods, ultimately achieving tensioning, positioning, and stabilization of the air barrier.

[0014] In one specific implementation, the double-layer flexible compartmentalized airbag sealing assembly is located at the top, bottom, and near the sidewall of the tunnel. The airbag structure consists of multiple independently arranged sealed air chambers. These sealed air chambers are arranged in a horizontally double-layered, longitudinally extending manner, forming multiple sets of closed cavity structures in the horizontal direction, creating a flexible sealed unit based on a planar distribution. Each air chamber is connected to an inlet pipe and a venting pipe. The inlet pipe is used to introduce compressed gas, and the venting pipe is used to control the exhaust process. A one-way anti-backflow valve is installed on the inlet pipe system. This valve has an irreversible ventilation direction structure to prevent gas backflow during inflation, which could cause pressure fluctuations. A pressure relief valve is installed in the end sealed air chamber, and an integrated plug-in self-locking venting valve is connected to the end of the venting pipe. This valve includes a base mounted on the sealed air chamber and a plug-in / plug-out stopcock, which can be manually inserted and removed to control gas discharge. The outer surface of each set of air chambers is covered with mining-grade polyester flame-retardant fabric to cover the sealed structure and achieve surface uniformity. The double-layer flexible compartment airbag sealing assembly is structurally connected to the edge of the flexible air barrier by sealing strips, and the connecting edges are sealed by adhesive to ensure that the airtight structure is not damaged during sliding, rolling or disassembly operations. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a multi-parameter intelligent feedback air pressure control method in a mine;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the HBI index calculation and wind direction mapping process.

[0018] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a multi-channel airflow control mechanism in the tunnel roof cavity;

[0019] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the linkage and coordination between the openable / closable air vent assembly and the guide baffle;

[0020] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of three airflow control channels;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a sliding airtight windbreak device during mining.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a double-layer flexible compartmentalized airbag sealing assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Optionally, in one specific implementation, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 In a mine ventilation system, fresh air enters the mine through the intake shaft, flows through various roadways and ventilation areas, and is finally discharged through the return shaft. Each ventilation point underground experiences a certain air pressure as the airflow passes through. This air pressure directly affects the gas pressure difference between the coal face and the overlying goaf, thus determining whether gas exchange occurs between them. When the air pressure in the coal face area is higher than the internal pressure of the overlying goaf, oxygen-rich fresh air from the intake shaft may penetrate fissures and enter the overlying goaf, providing oxygen to the remaining loose coal, intensifying oxidation, and triggering or exacerbating spontaneous combustion of the coal. Conversely, when the gas pressure inside the overlying goaf is higher than the air pressure in the coal face area, toxic and harmful gases accumulated in the overlying goaf (such as CO and CH4) may leak out and diffuse into the mining area, posing a safety risk.

[0025] To reduce the safety hazards caused by gas exchange, this invention proposes a multi-parameter intelligent feedback wind pressure control method for mines, which can achieve dynamic identification and intelligent control of the breathing effect of the coal face. The system includes a breathing effect parameter acquisition module, a breathing effect intensity index calculation module, an openable / closable vent component area mapping module, a dispatching command generation module, and an execution feedback control mechanism, forming a complete closed-loop wind pressure control structure. The breathing effect parameter acquisition module includes an intelligent intrinsically safe wind pressure detection terminal installed at the airflow channel of the coal face, which collects the coal face wind pressure P in real time. face It includes explosion-proof static pressure sensing modules deployed in the overlying goaf to monitor the static pressure P in the overlying goaf. gob Simultaneously, intelligent explosion-proof CO migration sensing terminals were installed in the monitoring boreholes to monitor the CO concentration value (C) in the goaf area in real time. CO These three sensors work together to form a multi-dimensional monitoring system for the breathing effect in mining areas. After receiving the data from these three types of sensors, the system calculates the wind pressure difference ΔP = P between the coal face and the overlying goaf using the breathing effect intensity index calculation module. face -P gob Further extract the fluctuation range A of ΔP within 1 hour. 1h And combined with CO migration concentration value C CO Normalization is performed; then ΔP and A are adjusted using set weighting factors. 1h and C CO Weighted calculations are performed to form the Comprehensive Weighted Breathing Effect Intensity Index (HBI), which is used to quantify the intensity and risk level of gas interaction between the breathing area of ​​personnel and the overlying goaf.

[0026] Based on the calculated HBI value and ΔP directionality, the system enters the area mapping module for the openable / closable vent components, automatically matching the optimal area value to obtain the target opening degree of the corresponding openable / closable vent component 1016. The vent opening adjustment behavior is completed by the allocation command generation module, which generates specific control commands based on the opening degree mapping value and sends the commands to the actuator located in the roadway, namely the multi-channel airflow control mechanism 1 in the roadway roof cavity, thereby achieving precise dynamic adjustment of the ventilation system. The system possesses a high degree of closed-loop feedback capability. The intelligent intrinsically safe wind pressure detection terminal, the explosion-proof static pressure sensing module, and the intelligent explosion-proof CO migration sensing terminal continuously transmit the adjusted parameters back to the breathing effect intelligent control engine to evaluate whether the current adjustment has achieved the expected goal. Once a failure in wind pressure control response or an increase in abnormal gas disturbance is detected, the system will automatically deploy the sliding sealed windbreak device 2 deployed between the working face and the goaf, effectively isolating the leakage channel, enhancing the prevention and control effect, and ensuring that the control response behavior is consistent with the actual ventilation state, forming a dynamically adaptive intelligent control closed-loop system. The entire method is based on multi-source sensing and uses a fusion algorithm as its core. Through the execution of regulation and closed-loop feedback mechanisms, it forms a precise, continuous, and controllable wind pressure regulation logic between the overlying goaf and the breathing zone of personnel, which significantly improves the gas safety guarantee capability of the mining area. It is especially suitable for spontaneous combustion pre-control and harmful gas control scenarios in variable disturbance environments.

[0027] Optionally, in one specific implementation, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 The flowchart illustrating the HBI index calculation and ventilator opening mapping demonstrates the complete workflow of parameter processing, index calculation, and control command generation, showcasing the system's multi-parameter fusion criterion construction and dynamic linkage control mechanism. The system first collects three key environmental parameters, including the air pressure P on the coal face airflow side. face Static pressure P in the overlying goaf gob and CO concentration C overflowing from the overlying goaf CO These three types of parameters together form the basic basis for understanding the characteristics of downhole breathing effects. This data acquisition process utilizes an intelligent intrinsically safe wind pressure detection terminal, an explosion-proof static pressure sensing module, and an intelligent explosion-proof CO migration sensing terminal, ensuring high data integrity and field adaptability. The system then analyzes the wind pressure data and calculates the wind pressure difference ΔP = P. face -P gob Based on this, the fluctuation range A of ΔP over 1 hour is extracted. 1h This step not only quantifies the absolute intensity of wind pressure differences but also identifies their short-term dynamic disturbance characteristics, thus providing a time-series decision-making basis for subsequent risk level assessment and improving the system's response capability to unsteady gas disturbances. To achieve consistent comparison and effective fusion among different physical parameters, the system compares |ΔP| and A... 1h and C CONormalization was performed separately. The normalized value P of the absolute value of the pressure difference was calculated separately. * =|ΔP| / |ΔP max |, Fluctuation Normalized Value A * =A 1h / A max CO concentration normalized value C * =C CO / C max The parameter normalization process ensures the equivalence between indicators, which is conducive to building a stable comprehensive evaluation system. Based on the normalization, weighting factors α, β, and γ are introduced to weight the three types of normalization results, forming the respiratory effect intensity index HBI = αP, which characterizes the pressure coupling strength and risk level between the overlying goaf and the breathing area of ​​personnel. * +βA * +γC * This index integrates three key elements: static pressure difference, dynamic fluctuations, and CO overflow. It possesses the ability to comprehensively perceive and quickly identify complex airflow disturbances, and serves as the core basis for subsequent system control decisions.

[0028] Furthermore, the system combines HBI values ​​and the directionality of wind pressure difference, and uses an area mapping model to calculate the optimal adjustment opening of the openable / closeable vent component 1016. When ΔP>0, it indicates that the wind pressure at the coal face is greater than the static pressure in the overlying goaf, and there is a tendency for oxygen to backflow into the overlying goaf. The system then uses HBI weighted reduction of the vent area (S=S base -S base HBI), and linked to the opening of the guide baffle and the increase of the angle of the multi-hole vane, thereby achieving active intervention in air pressure balance and control of oxygen backflow. When ΔP<0, it means that the static pressure in the overlying goaf is higher than that in the breathing zone of personnel, and there is a risk of harmful gas backflow. At this time, the system increases the ventilation opening area (S=S) by weighting the HBI value. base +(S max -S base The system simultaneously closes the guide baffle and releases the air outlet channel, forming an inhibitory airflow barrier and significantly improving the suppression efficiency of hazardous gas diffusion. Through this process, the system constructs a collaborative control criterion for HBI dynamic mapping guide structures, integrating intelligent monitoring, refined calculation, and real-time adjustment response. This not only improves the mine ventilation system's adaptability to dynamic disturbances but also effectively avoids the hidden safety risks caused by uneven ventilation.

[0029] Optionally, in one specific implementation, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 , 4The multi-channel airflow control mechanism 1 for the tunnel roof cavity adopts an integrated cuboid structure and is installed at the top of the tunnel. The overall structure is stable and compact, facilitating rapid installation and integrated control underground. The mechanism includes: a shell structure 101, an air pressure regulating device, and a self-compensating pressurized air duct 104. The air pressure regulating device includes a double-rotor deflector airflow equalizer 102 and a flow stabilizing grid 103. The shell structure 101 serves as the basic load-bearing frame of the control mechanism, undertaking the installation of various functional components and airflow guidance. The shell structure 101 is composed of multiple plates, including a fixed cover plate 1012 located at the top of the device, a supporting base plate 1011 at the bottom, symmetrically arranged left and right side plates 1013, and an inlet side shell plate 1014 and an outlet side shell plate 1015 for forming airflow channels. These structural plates enclose a closed hollow cavity, which not only provides space for airflow control but also facilitates the embedding of internal components such as the air pressure regulating device. Symmetrically arranged openable and closable air vent assemblies 1016 are provided in the middle of the air inlet side shell 1014 and the air outlet side shell 1015. These assemblies employ a sliding counter-pull structure design, featuring a simple structure and sensitive response. The two counter-pull plates are embedded in guide rails and can slide along the horizontal axis under the drive of the drive unit, realizing the opening or closing adjustment of the air vents. The rail assembly not only limits the sliding range but also ensures the synchronous opening and closing of the two counter-pull plates, thereby controlling airflow interruption and regulating the flow rate, suitable for changes in ventilation needs at different stages.

[0030] The air outlet side shell 1015 has symmetrically arranged slow-flow air outlets on both sides to guide the airflow. The openable / closable air outlet assembly 1016 also has two independently rotatable guide baffles on both sides, namely a first guide baffle 1017 and a second guide baffle 1018. The width of the first guide baffle 1017 is greater than that of the second guide baffle 1018. Both guide baffles are connected to the inner wall of the hollow cavity via hinge shafts and can rotate around the shafts under the drive of a transmission mechanism to achieve the opening and closing function. Specifically, in the closed state, the second guide baffle 1018 is located near the internal guide surface, and the first guide baffle 1017 is superimposed and covers its exterior. The edges of the two naturally adhere and press together, forming a layered, sealed structure. This structure maintains airtightness while possessing a certain compressive deformation capacity, which helps absorb impact and mitigate disturbances during sudden airflow changes. The openable and closable air outlet assembly 1016 on the air outlet side is connected to the self-compensating pressurized air duct 104 through a standard pipe port. The air duct structure is used to connect to the main airflow channel in the well. The air pressure regulating device is embedded in the left and right hollow cavities and is connected to the openable and closable air outlet assembly 1016 on the air inlet side to achieve rapid leveling of the system air pressure.

[0031] Optionally, in one specific implementation, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4The multi-channel airflow control mechanism 1 in the tunnel roof cavity, together with the openable and closable air outlet assembly 1016 set on the air outlet side and the first guide baffle 1017 and the second guide baffle 1018 symmetrically distributed on both sides of the hollow cavity, jointly constructs a multi-path airflow control system, which can not only realize air pressure release and guidance, but also provide pressure stabilization and pressurization functions under specific needs.

[0032] When the first guide baffle 1017 and the second guide baffle 1018 are open, and the closable air outlet assembly 1016 on the air outlet side remains closed, the airflow enters the mechanism cavity from the air inlet side and preferentially enters the guide zones on both sides of the hollow cavity. Depending on the angle adjustment of the porous vane 1021, the airflow can form two different types of channels within the hollow cavity: one is a direct current channel formed when the porous vane 1021 swings at a small angle (less than 45°), resulting in a smoother airflow path and less resistance; the other is a Z-shaped airflow channel formed when the porous vane 1021 deflects at a larger angle (greater than 45°), where the airflow undergoes at least two directional changes within the cavity, effectively extending the flow path and disturbance time, thereby enhancing energy dissipation and pressure balance capabilities. Finally, the adjusted airflow is discharged through the slow-flow air outlets located on both sides of the air outlet shell 1015, achieving slow-release ventilation control and effectively mitigating instantaneous pressure fluctuations at the working surface. When the first guide baffle 1017 and the second guide baffle 1018 are closed, they overlap to form a sealed layer. Simultaneously, the openable / closable air outlet assembly 1016 on the air outlet side opens. At this time, the airflow bypasses the guide branch path and directly exits at high speed from the openable / closable air outlet assembly 1016 and enters the self-compensating pressurized air duct 104 connected to it. This path constitutes the main pressurization channel of this device, suitable for high-resistance roadway ventilation, local negative pressure compensation, or rapid air exchange scenarios. In this state, the airflow flows straight through the internal structure, with low wind loss and strong kinetic energy, which helps to increase local air volume and stabilize the air pressure environment at the working face. This three-plate linkage structure design allows the device to flexibly switch ventilation modes under different mine pressures, ventilation requirements, or breathing effect triggering conditions, possessing good adaptability and dynamic response characteristics.

[0033] Optionally, in one specific implementation, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 5The air pressure regulating device is installed in the hollow cavities on both sides of the shell structure 101 of the multi-channel airflow control mechanism 1 in the tunnel roof cavity, arranged symmetrically. It is used to regulate the airflow path and flow rate, and improve the ventilation system's adaptability to complex mine pressure and natural wind pressure fluctuations. Each hollow cavity is equipped with a set of dual-rotor deflector airflow equalizers 102 and flow stabilizing grids 103, which are arranged sequentially according to the air intake direction and work together to achieve airflow uniformity regulation and downstream disturbance suppression. The dual-rotor deflector airflow equalizer 102 specifically includes two porous rotors 1021, which are arranged vertically and vertically staggered along the airflow direction. That is, the upper rotor is located slightly above the air intake path, and the lower rotor is located slightly below the air intake path, with a partial airflow convergence area between them. Each porous vane 1021 is a rectangular plate-shaped structure with dimensions matching the cross-section of the cavity. It is rotatably connected to the housing base 1023 via a laterally arranged hinge shaft 1022, ensuring that the porous vane 1021 can stably perform controlled deflection motion around the axis. The porous vane 1021 structure supports angle adjustment within the range of 30° to 60° and can be driven by an electric device to achieve intelligent control of the air intake path. When the flow obstruction angle of the two porous vanes 1021 is set to less than 45°, the air intake line passes through the channel formed by the vanes in a basically straight manner, forming a low-resistance, low-disturbance direct airflow mode. When the angle is adjusted to greater than 45°, the two porous vanes 1021 deflect to form an interlaced structure. The air intake must pass through the turning space between the upper and lower vanes, forming a Z-shaped airflow channel, which effectively lengthens the airflow channel, improves the energy dissipation rate, and reduces the airflow impact intensity. To prevent the porous vane 1021 from rotating beyond its limit, causing structural interference or rotational instability, a limit block 1024 is provided on the inner side of the air outlet shell plate of the device. The limit block 1024 is fixed to the inner wall of the shell plate and corresponds to the edge of the vane, forming a pair of mechanical stop structures to define the maximum opening angle and minimum closing angle of the porous vane 1021, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the device.

[0034] Multiple ventilation hole groups are evenly distributed on the porous vane 1021 along a direction perpendicular to the airflow. These groups are arranged sequentially from the center of the hollow structure to both sides, with the hole diameters increasing in a stepped manner, forming a sequence of holes that expands from the center outwards. The two rows of ventilation holes closest to the center of the hollow cavity are set with the smallest diameter for initial throttling and disturbance absorption; the middle rows have consistent diameters to control the main flow volume; and the furthest row has the largest diameter to release residual flow energy and guide the tail-end air mass, forming a progressive flow diffusion distribution that improves the pressure drop stability and ventilation response hysteresis characteristics of the vane at different angles. A flow stabilization grid 103 is installed downstream of the porous vane 1021. It is a regular grid structure composed of a series of orthogonally arranged transverse and longitudinal columns. The grid opening matches the airflow velocity field at the end of the vane to mitigate airflow velocity and weaken local eddies. All outer surfaces of the columns are uniformly coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene coating, which combines high hydrophobicity, corrosion resistance and dust resistance, effectively reducing gas adhesion resistance and pollutant deposition, and improving the operating cycle and maintenance convenience of the device.

[0035] Optionally, in one specific embodiment, a self-compensating pressurized air duct 104 is disposed at the air outlet of the shell structure 101, and is installed outside the openable and closable air outlet assembly 1016 on the air outlet side, for constructing a pressurized airflow delivery channel connecting the main ventilation system of the roadway and the air outlet of the control mechanism. The self-compensating pressurized air duct 104 has a modular segmented structure extending along the airflow direction, consisting of an upstream tapering section 1041 and a downstream rectangular section 1042 connected sequentially. The overall cross-sectional profile gradually contracts along the airflow direction and then stabilizes, possessing significant aerodynamic contraction and re-rectification functions. The tapering section 1041 is a key contraction section in the duct structure; the overall pipe cross-section continuously contracts from the near-outlet side to the far end, forming a variable-diameter channel with the ability to expand pressure differential. Air inlets 1043 are symmetrically provided on the left and right side walls of the tapering section 1041, and the air inlets 1043 transversely penetrate the pipe wall, communicating with the external gas environment. An internal partition plate 1044 is installed inside the air inlet 1043. The partition plate 1044 has a sheet-like structure and is installed inside the air inlet 1043, at a fixed angle to the main airflow direction inside the converging pipe section 1041. The angle between the partition plate 1044 and the inner wall of the converging pipe section 1041 is set to 10°-15°. This angle is determined according to the wind speed characteristics and pressure difference requirements to ensure that the air intake path can smoothly introduce supplementary gas without interfering with the continuity of the main airflow structure. The partition plate 1044 extends from the air inlet to the air outlet direction, covering the core area inside the converging pipe section 1041. Aerodynamically, it plays a role in guiding, limiting, and isolating airflow, which helps to form a relatively stable lateral supplementary air zone.

[0036] When the main airflow enters the converging pipe section 1041, the airflow velocity increases due to the continuous contraction of the channel cross-section, and the pressure decreases according to Bernoulli's principle. At this time, a low-pressure region is formed inside the converging pipe section 1041, generating a significant suction effect. This causes external gas to be passively drawn in through the symmetrically arranged inlets 1043, completing the pressure adaptive regulation process. This design achieves passive aerodynamic capacity expansion, meaning that without additional power, external gas can be induced to participate in the airflow system through structural means, achieving the dual goals of airflow regulation and pressure compensation. The rectangular pipe section 1042 serves as the stabilizing section of the pressurized duct, and its cross-sectional dimensions are consistent with the rectangular opening at the outlet of the converging pipe section 1041. It is used to continue and stabilize the accelerated airflow formed by the upstream converging pipe section 1041. The length of this rectangular section is designed to consider the airflow settling distance, ensuring uniform airflow pattern, small pulsations, and a stable velocity field, which is beneficial to the transport efficiency and control accuracy of the subsequent ventilation network.

[0037] Optionally, in one specific implementation, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 6 The sliding, airtight windbreak device 2 is a multi-component collaborative structure system deployed on the inner wall of the roadway. It is arranged along the working face advancement direction and features strong structural adaptability, convenient installation and maintenance, and reliable sealing performance. This device aims to dynamically construct an air barrier during working face advancement, effectively isolating oxygen, reducing the risk of spontaneous combustion of residual coal in the goaf, and improving the safety control capability of the underground ventilation system.

[0038] The device mainly consists of the following components: a sliding guide rail assembly 201, a roll-up folding airtight structure 202, a bottom tray 2014 and pulleys 2015, a hook 204, a screw-in fixed anchor bolt 205, and a double-layer flexible compartmented airbag airtight assembly 203 arranged at the top, bottom, and near the roadway sidewall. These components work together to construct a sliding airtight system that can operate during mining operations. The sliding guide rail assembly 201 serves as the main structural support and guiding unit, with its installation position covering the top, middle, and bottom areas of the roadway sidewall to achieve stable sliding of the airtight structure across its entire height. The sliding guide rail assembly 201 consists of longitudinally arranged guide rails 2011, transversely arranged connecting crossbars 2012, and a retractable positioning rod 2013 for positioning the airtight structure. The guide rail body 2011 is fixed to the surrounding rock or support layer surface of the roadway sidewall through anchoring structures or welding. The guide rail 2011 forms an integral frame connection through the crossbar 2012, enabling the roll-type folding sealed structure 202 to move smoothly under multi-point guidance. The winding positioning rod 2013 is installed on one side of the crossbar and is vertically arranged to accurately limit and position the roll-type folding sealed structure 202 during winding, preventing it from being misaligned or offset.

[0039] The upper and lower edges of the roll-up folding airtight structure 202 are connected to the top and bottom crossbars 2012, respectively, enabling synchronous sliding in the coal mining advance direction. This structure is designed based on the flexible winding principle, allowing it to be stored in a designated location when not in use, saving space, and unfolded to cover the roadway cross-section when in use, forming a three-dimensional airtight partition. At the bottom of the device, a bottom tray 2014 is installed along the roadway floor, which is mechanically fixed to the bottom guide rail 2011. The bottom tray 2014 primarily supports the bottom edge of the airtight structure, preventing dragging deformation, and provides a stable support platform for sliding. Multiple pulleys 2015 are located below the bottom tray 2014, allowing them to roll under the tray, improving the smoothness of movement of the airtight structure at the bottom and reducing frictional resistance. Hooks 204 and screw-in anchor bolts 205 are installed on the airtight edge of the airtight device, respectively, at designated anchoring points on the roadway wall. The flexible air-tight strip 2023 has flexible perforated grooves 2024 along its edges, allowing it to be attached via hooks 204 or screwed in and fixed via screw-in anchor bolts 205. This enables rapid setup, reliable anchoring, and convenient dismantling, making it particularly suitable for the frequent adjustments required to the location of sealed structures underground. Double-layered flexible compartmented airbag sealing components 203 are distributed at the top, bottom, and near the roadway sidewalls. These components are flexible in structure and can be compressed or expanded according to the actual cross-sectional shape of the roadway to fill gaps between the sealed structure and the surrounding rock, enhancing the sealing effect. The double-layered structure and compartmented inflation principle allow for both localized compression and overall sealing redundancy, improving resistance to disturbance and long-term sealing reliability.

[0040] Optionally, in one specific embodiment, the roll-type folding airtight structure 202 is a flexible partition system that is expandable and retractable with strong adaptability. Its upper and lower ends are respectively connected to the sliding guide rail assembly 201, ensuring that the structure can slide stably along the guide rail in the tunnel advancement direction, possessing good motion guidance and airtight matching capabilities. This structure can achieve deployment and expansion / contraction coordination with the airtight body during mining, maintaining a highly efficient airtight effect in dynamically changing working face environments. The roll-type folding airtight structure 202 includes a roll 2021, a vertical support rod 2022, a flexible air-tight strip 2023, and a flexible perforated groove 2024. The roll 2021 is arranged vertically to the guide rail 2011, and the winding of the flexible air-tight strip 2023 can be controlled manually or electrically. The unfolding of the flexible air-tight strip 2023 is controlled manually, making operation simple and responsive.

[0041] The flexible air barrier 2023 adopts a double-layer composite structure design. The outer layer is made of flame-retardant polyester fabric for mining, which is wear-resistant and has high tensile strength. The inner layer is a high-airtightness composite airtight membrane made of mining rubber. The two layers are firmly bonded together through a hot-pressing process to form a flexible, integrated airtight structure with excellent durability and adaptability. To enhance the structure's three-dimensional retention capability, a vertical support rod 2022 is installed every 80-100cm along the width of the flexible air barrier 2023. The vertical support rod 2022 is made of high-strength, lightweight material and runs through the space between the outer and inner layers, effectively preventing the flexible air barrier 2023 from collapsing or bending when deployed, ensuring that it maintains a vertical sealed surface even under high wind pressure. After deployment, the flexible air barrier 2023 is placed at the corner of the boundary between the goaf and the working face. Multiple flexible perforated slots 2024 are set on the side away from the roadway wall for structural fixation and tensioning. The upper part has a flexible perforated groove 2024, which can be connected to the anchor mesh on the upper wall of the roadway via a hook 204; the lower part has two flexible perforated grooves 2024, which are connected to pre-installed screw-in fixed anchor rods 205. The anchoring structure adopts a screw-in assembly method, which has the advantages of quick installation and reliable fixation. After the edge alignment is completed, the operator can manually hook the perforation into the hook and screw in the anchor rod to finally achieve the tensioning, positioning and stabilization of the flexible windbreak 2023.

[0042] Optionally, in one specific implementation, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 7 The double-layer flexible compartmentalized airbag sealing component 203 is a highly compliant sealing structure specifically designed to meet the sealing requirements of the gap between the flexible air barrier 2023 and the roadway sidewall. Its main function is to work with the flexible air barrier 2023 to form a barrier interface, thereby preventing the infiltration of harmful gases and maintaining stable ventilation. This component includes multiple independently arranged flexible airtight structures at the top, bottom, and near the roadway sidewall, forming a multi-dimensional, fully enclosed sealing system, effectively improving the fit and reliability of the overall sealing surface. Each airtight structure consists of multiple independently arranged sealed air chambers 2031, which are arranged in a horizontally double-layered, vertically extending manner, forming a sheet-like array of closed cavities in space. This arrangement can flexibly cover various irregular or deformed roadway surfaces, and is particularly suitable for complex environments with uneven rock surfaces or micro-cracks in the support structure. The multiple air chambers do not interfere with each other, but are connected through a pipeline system, exhibiting good coordinated inflation and deflation performance.

[0043] The sealed air chambers are connected by an inlet pipe 2032 and an outlet pipe 2033 to form an air circuit system. The inlet pipe 2032 connects to the air supply pipeline of the mine air compressor room, allowing for rapid injection of compressed air into the airbag structure for inflation. The outlet pipe 2033 controls the exhaust process, enabling structural restoration or pressure unloading. To prevent backflow and pressure instability, a one-way anti-backflow valve 2034 is installed in the inlet pipe. This valve has an irreversible gas channel structure, featuring one-way locking and strong resistance to pressure differential impacts, maintaining stable internal system pressure even under wind pressure disturbances. A pressure relief valve 2035 is installed on the end sealed air chamber 2031. An integrated plug-in self-locking outlet valve is installed at the end of the outlet pipe 2033. This valve structure consists of a base 2036 mounted on the surface of the airbag and a rotatable plug-in stopcock 2037. The base 2036 has a cavity in the middle to accommodate the insertion end of the plug 2037; the base 2036 has an inner groove. When the plug 2037 is inserted, the upper part of the plug 2037 can be screwed into the inner groove by rotating the angle to achieve self-locking engagement.

[0044] The sealed air chamber 2031 is covered with a layer of mining-grade polyester flame-retardant fabric. This material combines high-temperature resistance, flame retardancy, and antistatic properties. The outer layer protects the airbag structure from external mechanical damage and also possesses good flexibility and bending resistance, which helps to improve the overall service life and airtightness. In terms of connection, the double-layer flexible compartmentalized airbag sealing assembly 203 is detachably connected to the edge of the flexible air barrier 2023 via a sealing strip. The sealing strip is made of industrial-grade flexible high-adhesion material, forming a closed contact strip after adhesion, effectively preventing air leakage. At the same time, this structure maintains good flexibility and fatigue resistance during sliding, rolling, or folding operations, avoiding damage to the airbag shell or affecting inflation / deflation performance.

Claims

1. A mine breathing effect air pressure regulation and mining-related air resistance intelligent collaborative control system, characterized in that, include: The mine multi-parameter intelligent feedback air pressure control method includes real-time acquisition of multi-dimensional monitoring parameters such as coal face airflow pressure, overlying goaf static pressure, and overflow CO concentration; calculation of the breathing effect intensity index (HBI) and combining the index with the positive and negative mapping of pressure difference to the target opening degree of the vent assembly; outputting corresponding airflow control commands; arranging a multi-channel airflow control mechanism in the roadway roof cavity in the ventilation control area to regulate airflow through DC channels, Z-shaped airflow channels, and pressurization channels; and setting a sliding, sealed windbreak device at the junction of the working face and the goaf, which slides synchronously with the advancement of the working face.

2. The mine multi-parameter intelligent feedback air pressure control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: The breathing effect parameter acquisition module includes: an intelligent intrinsically safe wind pressure detection terminal and an explosion-proof static pressure sensing module, used to acquire wind pressure signals P on the airflow side of the coal face and the overlying goaf side, respectively. face With P gob Intelligent explosion-proof CO migration sensing terminal, used to measure the CO concentration C leaking from the overlying goaf into the breathing zone of personnel. CO ; The respiratory effect intensity index calculation module, based on the P... face With P gob Calculate the pressure difference ΔP, and combine it with the CO concentration and the 1-hour ΔP fluctuation amplitude A. 1h The respiratory effect intensity index (HBI) is obtained by weighted calculation. The area mapping module for the openable and closable air vent component, according to the HBI and distinguishing the positive and negative signs of ΔP, calls the corresponding linear area mapping relationship to obtain the opening area of ​​the target openable and closable air vent component. The allocation instruction generation module generates airflow adjustment instructions based on the target opening area and the positive or negative value of ΔP; the multi-channel airflow control mechanism in the roadway roof cavity and the sliding sealed windbreak device during mining are both communicatively connected to the allocation instruction generation module. The monitoring signals, consisting of the intelligent intrinsically safe wind pressure detection terminal, the explosion-proof static pressure sensing module, and the intelligent explosion-proof CO migration sensing terminal, are transmitted back after being coordinated and executed by the breathing effect intelligent control engine.

3. The breathing effect intensity index calculation and openable / closable air vent component area mapping module according to claim 2, characterized in that: Calculate the pressure difference ΔP = P between the airflow side of the coal face and the overlying goaf side. face -P gob For |ΔP|, A 1h C CO Normalization is performed separately, and the formula is: P * =|ΔP| / |ΔP max |,A * =A 1h / A max , C * =C CO / C max Calculate the comprehensive respiratory effect intensity index HBI = αP * +βA * +γC * When ΔP>0, the effective area of ​​the openable / closed air vent S=S base -S base When HBI, ΔP < 0, the effective area of ​​the openable / closed air vent S = S base +(S max -S base HBI.

4. The multi-channel airflow control mechanism for the tunnel roof cavity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device is an integrated cuboid structure, including a shell structure, a wind pressure regulating device and a self-compensating pressurized air duct. The shell structure includes a fixed cover plate at the top, a supporting base plate at the bottom, left and right side plates, an air inlet shell plate, an air outlet shell plate, an openable and closable air vent assembly and a guide baffle. The fixed plates form a hollow cavity for arranging the internal structure. The openable and closable air outlet assembly arranged along the middle of the air inlet side shell and the air outlet side shell is a pair of sliding structures, consisting of a pair of openable and closable pull plates arranged in the guide slide rail, and equipped with a drive unit and a limiting mechanism. The openable and closable air outlet assembly on the air outlet side is externally connected to a self-compensating pressurized air duct. The openable and closable air vent assembly has two guide baffles on each side. The two guide baffles on each side are a first guide baffle and a second guide baffle, which have different widths. The width of the first guide baffle is greater than that of the second guide baffle. The guide baffles are all hinged to the inner wall of the hollow cavity through hinge shafts and their opening and closing actions are controlled by a transmission mechanism. When the guide baffles are closed, the second guide baffle on each side is located on the inner side and the first guide baffle is located on the outer side. The side edge of the first guide baffle is pressed against the outer edge of the second guide baffle to form a layered and sealed structure.

5. The wind pressure regulating device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hollow cavities on both sides of the shell are respectively equipped with a set of dual-blade deflection airflow equalizers and flow stabilizing grids. The dual-rotor deflection airflow equalizer includes two porous rotors staggered vertically along the airflow direction. The porous rotors are plate-shaped structures and are rotatably mounted on the housing base via a hinge shaft. The porous rotors can rotate around the hinge shaft to adjust the flow obstruction angle. The flow obstruction angle can be adjusted within the range of 30° to 60°. When the flow obstruction angle is less than 45°, a direct current channel is formed in the hollow cavity. When the flow obstruction angle is greater than 45°, a Z-shaped airflow channel is formed in the hollow cavity. The current stabilizing grid is composed of orthogonally connected horizontal and vertical columns, and the outer surface of the columns is covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene coating. The inner side of the air outlet shell plate is provided with a limiting block to restrict the rotation angle of the porous vane; The ventilation holes of the porous rotary vane are arranged in rows along the airflow direction and the hole diameters are distributed in a stepped manner. The two adjacent rows of ventilation holes closest to the center of the hollow structure have the smallest hole diameter, the ventilation holes in the middle rows have the same hole diameter and are larger than the smallest hole diameter, and the ventilation holes in the farthest row have the largest hole diameter.

6. The self-compensating pressurized air duct according to claim 4, characterized in that: The duct forms a pressurized channel, including a tapered section and a rectangular section. The tapered section is connected to the air outlet. The cross-section of the duct gradually decreases along the airflow direction. The left and right side walls of the tapered section are symmetrically provided with air inlets. A partition plate is provided inside the tapered section. The partition plate is located inside the air inlet and forms an angle of 10°-15° with the tapered section duct, extending along the airflow direction. The rectangular section is connected to the outlet of the tapered section, and its cross-sectional dimensions are the same as those of the rectangular end of the tapered section.

7. The sliding sealed windbreak device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system includes a sliding guide rail assembly installed on the sidewall of the tunnel, a roll-type folding airtight structure, a bottom tray, pulleys, hooks, screw-in fixed anchors, and double-layer flexible compartment airbag airtight assemblies at the top, bottom, and near the sidewall of the tunnel. The sliding guide rail assembly is arranged along the top, middle, and bottom of the sidewall of the tunnel and consists of guide rails, crossbars, and retractable positioning rods. The roll-type folding airtight structure is connected to the sliding guide rail assembly, and the bottom tray is connected to the bottom sliding guide rail assembly. The pulleys are located below the bottom tray.

8. The roll-type folding sealed structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: It includes a roller, vertical support rods, a flexible air barrier, and flexible perforated grooves. The roller can be manually or electrically wound to achieve the flexible air barrier, and manually unfolded to achieve the flexible air barrier. The flexible air barrier consists of an outer layer and an inner layer. The outer layer is made of mining-grade polyester flame-retardant cloth, and the inner layer is made of mining-grade rubber-based composite airtight membrane. A vertical support rod is set every 80-100cm inside the flexible air barrier. Flexible perforated grooves are set on the upper and lower parts of the side of the flexible air barrier away from the roadway wall, which are used in conjunction with hooks and screw-in fixed anchors.

9. The double-layer flexible compartmentalized airbag sealing assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, The top, bottom, and near-tunnel sidewall double-layer flexible compartment airbag sealing assembly includes multiple independently arranged sealed air chambers. The air chambers are equipped with air inlet pipes and air outlet pipes. The independent air chambers are arranged in two horizontal layers and extend vertically. The outer side of the air chambers is covered with mining polyester flame-retardant cloth. The double-layer flexible compartment airbag sealing assembly is detachably connected to the flexible air barrier through sealing strips. Each air chamber is connected to an integrated plug-in self-locking air outlet valve through an air outlet pipe, including a base and a plug-in valve. The air inlet pipe is equipped with a one-way anti-backflow valve, and the end sealed air chamber is equipped with a pressure relief valve.

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