Seasonal frozen soil area highway tunnel frost damage prevention device and installation method

Abstract

The application discloses a seasonal frozen soil area highway tunnel freezing damage prevention device and mounting method, relates to the technical field of frozen soil layer tunnels, and comprises a tunnel wall, the two ends of the tunnel wall are provided with base assemblies for guiding tunnel base water flow. In the application, the ventilation holes on the surface of the fan blade pipe extract external air and push it forward, the flow guide plates cooperate to guide the direction of the air flow, so that the air flow speed at the top of the tunnel is significantly higher than that at the bottom, a stable longitudinal layered ventilation mode is formed, the design effectively inhibits the heat accumulation caused by the natural upward floating of hot air, the heat carried by the automobile exhaust is no longer directly lifted to the vault, but is guided to flow along the two side walls of the tunnel, is orderly discharged after heat exchange with the inner wall of the tunnel wall, and the formation of the top overheating and the local high-temperature area is avoided, and the uniformity of the tunnel internal thermal environment distribution is significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of tunnels in permafrost areas, and particularly to a device and installation method for preventing frost damage in highway tunnels in seasonally frozen soil regions. Background Technology

[0002] For example, patent CN103835725A, entitled "A Cold-Region Anti-Freezing and Thermal Insulation Tunnel," describes a simple structure that uses sealed air-filled bags instead of traditional polyurethane insulation. The thermal conductivity of the sealed gas is approximately half that of polyurethane insulation of the same thickness. Utilizing the low thermal conductivity of the sealed gas, the air-filled bags are filled with gas and placed between the tunnel lining and the fireproof board. By adjusting the filling degree of the air-filled bags, simultaneous freezing and thawing of the surrounding rock at different heights on the same cross-section can be achieved. The filling degree of the air-filled bags is adjusted according to the ground temperature and air temperature distribution of the surrounding rock at different heights on the tunnel cross-section. Compared to polyurethane insulation, using air-filled bags effectively saves on material purchase costs.

[0003] Because the waterproof layer is prone to detachment from the initial support under the alternating stress of freeze-thaw cycles, forming seepage channels and causing the drainage system to fail; in spring, snowmelt seeps down along the sidewalls and freezes and expands at the bottom of the invert arch due to low temperatures, causing uneven frost heave damage such as road surface bulging and cracking. At the same time, the heat from vehicle exhaust rises, causing overheating at the top of the tunnel and low temperature at the bottom, resulting in a significant temperature difference that easily leads to condensation, icing, and thermal stress cracking in the middle and entrance areas. Therefore, this application provides a device and installation method for preventing frost damage in highway tunnels in seasonally frozen soil areas to meet the requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a device and installation method for preventing frost damage in highway tunnels in seasonally frozen soil areas, which can effectively solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: a device for preventing frost damage in highway tunnels in seasonally frozen soil areas, comprising a tunnel wall, with base assemblies at both ends of the tunnel wall to guide water flow in the tunnel base, a drainage assembly at the middle of the outer surface of the tunnel wall to seal the seepage gaps in the tunnel arch, and several inverted arch water guiding assemblies on both sides of the outer surface of the tunnel wall to guide lateral seepage in the tunnel and capillary water in the base, with frost damage prevention assemblies symmetrically arranged inside the several inverted arch water guiding assemblies to be inserted deep into the rock to regulate the temperature of the frozen soil, several pre-fabricated holes opened inside the tunnel wall, and a layered air guiding mechanism for balancing the temperature in the middle and both ends of the tunnel on the inner wall of the tunnel wall.

[0006] The layered air guiding mechanism includes two symmetrically arranged layered plates. Each of the two layered plates has a number of bolt posts on its outer surface, and each bolt post has a stacked plate on its outer surface.

[0007] The layered air guiding mechanism also includes a fan blade tube. The outer surface of the fan blade tube has several ventilation holes arranged in a ring array. A fan is installed inside the fan blade tube. The outer surface of the fan blade tube is fitted with several guide vanes arranged at equal intervals, and the guide vanes are all fixedly installed on the outer surface of the layered vanes.

[0008] The invert arch water guiding component includes an invert arch block and drainage ribs. The invert arch block has a grouting groove inside, and guide grooves communicating with the inside of the grouting groove are opened on both sides of the invert arch block. Two mounting holes are symmetrically opened on the outer surface of the invert arch block, and one end of the drainage rib passes through the guide groove.

[0009] The bottom wall of the arch block is symmetrically provided with two bolts, and the bolts are installed inside the pre-drilled holes. The bolt is installed inside the bolts by means of threads.

[0010] The hydrophobic component includes a hydrophobic arch, the inner wall of which is provided with a waterproof layer and the waterproof layer covers the outer surface of the tunnel wall. The hydrophobic arch has a casting cavity inside and a plurality of grout guide grooves on its outer surface. The bottom wall of each of the plurality of grout guide grooves has a grout guide hole that communicates with the inside of the casting cavity.

[0011] The base assembly includes a support base, which is fixedly installed at one end of the tunnel wall. The support base has a water channel inside, and a water guide groove communicating with the inside of the water channel is opened at the upper end of the support base. One end of the drainage rib extends into the inside of the water guide groove.

[0012] The frost damage prevention component includes a water-guiding mesh block located inside the inverted arch block and embedded in the outer surface of the drainage ribs. Two water-guiding pipes are symmetrically installed at the upper end of the water-guiding mesh block, and both water-guiding pipes pass through the installation hole. Several water-guiding holes are provided on the outer surface of the two water-guiding pipes in a ring array.

[0013] The frost damage prevention component also includes a heat-conducting pipe, which extends through the water-conducting mesh block into the interior of the water-conducting pipe. A connecting wire is connected to the bottom of the heat-conducting pipe, and an electric heating wire is installed inside the heat-conducting pipe and electrically connected to the connecting wire.

[0014] This invention also provides an installation method for a frost damage prevention device for highway tunnels in seasonally frozen soil areas. The specific installation method is as follows:

[0015] Step 1: Compact the foundation in the tunnel invert area to ensure that the foundation bearing capacity meets the design requirements. Place the base component horizontally on the compacted foundation as the load-bearing foundation of the overall structure. Drill installation holes in the surrounding rock of the tunnel sidewalls. The hole positions are determined according to the geological conditions and drainage requirements. Insert the frost prevention component into the pre-drilled hole. Before insertion, fill the inside of the frost prevention component with hydrophobic gravel that has been sprayed with fluorine to form a continuous drainage channel. After the frost prevention component is installed in place, use cement-based grouting material to pressure grout the gaps around the hole to ensure that the frost prevention component is tightly bonded to the surrounding rock.

[0016] Step 2: Install the drainage component at the top of the tunnel, and then splice the inverted arch water guide component on both sides of the drainage component at the position corresponding to the frost prevention component. After splicing the base component, drainage component and inverted arch water guide component into a complete arched tunnel, embed the prefabricated tunnel wall into the inner wall of the drainage component and inverted arch water guide component for support.

[0017] Step 3: After the tunnel wall is installed, mortar is injected into the drainage components and invert arch water guiding components using a high-pressure pump to fully fill the circumferential gap between them and the surrounding rock, as well as the inner gap between the tunnel wall and the drainage components and invert arch water guiding components, forming a dense and stable overall structure. This enables the tunnel top area to achieve waterproofing primarily through full-section sealing. The sidewalls and invert arch areas combine hydrophobic materials with structural waterproofing to construct a composite system that combines waterproofing and hydrophobicity. This blocks capillary water from migrating to the base, thereby inhibiting the debonding and failure of the drainage structure caused by freeze-thaw interface migration, significantly improving the structure's resistance to freeze-thaw cycles, and preventing the problem of uneven frost heave of the invert arch base caused by capillary water backflow during the snowmelt season.

[0018] In summary, the technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0019] 1. This invention constructs an active tunnel airflow stratification control system by threading bolts into the inside of clamps and installing layered plates at the bottom, combined with components such as guide vanes, fans, and fan blades. When the fan starts, the ventilation holes on the surface of the fan blades draw in external air and push it forward. The guide vanes coordinate to guide the airflow direction, making the air velocity at the top of the tunnel significantly higher than at the bottom, forming a stable longitudinal stratified ventilation mode. This design effectively suppresses the heat accumulation caused by the natural rise of hot air, preventing the heat carried by vehicle exhaust from rising directly to the tunnel arch. Instead, it is guided to flow along the tunnel's side walls, exchanging heat with the inner walls of the tunnel before being discharged in an orderly manner, avoiding overheating at the top and localized overheating. The formation of high-temperature zones significantly improves the uniformity of the thermal environment distribution inside the tunnel. By absorbing residual heat from the air inside the tunnel through the stacked plates, and then conducting the heat to the surface of the heat-conducting pipes via bolts and clamps, passive heat transfer and redistribution are achieved. This effectively reduces the temperature gradient between the middle and ends, and between the top and bottom of the tunnel, preventing condensation and icing caused by local low temperatures. At the same time, the heating wires inside the heat-conducting pipes can actively generate heat in low-temperature environments. The heat is radiated to the surrounding air through the stacked plates, further regulating the local temperature and preventing icing of the road surface and drainage structures. Combined with the airflow regulation by the layered plates, a dynamic balance of the temperature field inside the tunnel is achieved, reducing the damage to the tunnel structure caused by freeze-thaw cycles.

[0020] 2. This invention achieves modular and high-precision assembly construction by pre-setting grout guide holes at the top of the tunnel and splicing the inverted arch block and drainage arch component to form a complete arch structure. This significantly improves construction efficiency and structural integrity. During assembly, the water guide pipe is precisely inserted into the mounting hole of the inverted arch block, ensuring the continuity of the water guide path. The heat conduction pipe is welded to the upper end of the clamp through a heat conduction plate, constructing a reliable heat transfer channel and providing a foundation for subsequent active temperature control. At the same time, the perforated water guide mesh block is covered on the surface of the drainage rib to form a highly permeable water guide interface, allowing seepage water from the water guide pipe to quickly pass through the mesh. The water enters the drainage ribs and flows into the bottom channel to prevent moisture from accumulating inside the structure and reduce the risk of frost heave. During the installation of the precast tunnel wall, the precise docking of the bolts with the precast holes enables the rapid positioning and mechanical anchoring of the inner lining structure, enhancing the stability of the inner wall. Subsequently, cement grout is injected under high pressure into the pouring cavity and grouting trench through the grout guide holes. The grout is evenly diffused through the grout guide trench, fully filling all the gaps between the drainage arch, the invert arch block and the surrounding rock. This not only eliminates the structural voids and seepage hazards and significantly improves the waterproof performance, but also enhances the synergistic stress-bearing capacity of the lining and the surrounding rock, improving the overall structural rigidity and deformation resistance.

[0021] 3. In this invention, installation holes are drilled in the surrounding rock of the tunnel inner wall, and water-conducting pipes filled with sprayed fluorinated hydrophobic gravel are inserted. Pressure grouting allows cement-based grout to seep into the pipes through the water-conducting holes, fully filling the gap between the water-conducting pipe and the hole wall, achieving a high-strength anchoring connection. This ensures a tight bond between the water-conducting pipe and the surrounding rock, preventing loosening and the formation of leakage channels. The hydrophobic gravel inside, due to fluorination treatment, possesses excellent hydrophobicity, effectively intercepting and diverting seepage water generated after the thawing of frozen soil, preventing capillary water from migrating and accumulating towards the invert arch foundation, fundamentally reducing... To mitigate the risk of uneven frost heave, the system achieves an integrated proactive prevention and control effect that combines water drainage and anchoring. In low-temperature freezing environments, when the surrounding rock freezes and expands, generating frost heave stress that threatens structural safety, the system automatically triggers the heating wire via the connecting line to generate stable heat energy using its high resistance characteristics. This heat is then evenly conducted to the surrounding frozen soil area through the heat pipe, moderately melting the freezing front and releasing frost heave pressure. The proactive temperature control mechanism effectively suppresses the accumulation of frost heave stress, preventing typical frost damage problems such as tunnel foundation displacement, lining cracking, and debonding of drainage structures. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 A first-person perspective three-dimensional structural diagram of a device for preventing frost damage in highway tunnels in seasonally frozen soil regions.

[0024] Figure 2 A second-view three-dimensional structural diagram of a device for preventing frost damage to highway tunnels in seasonally frozen soil regions.

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a partial three-dimensional connection structure for a frost damage prevention device for highway tunnels in seasonally frozen soil regions;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional connection structure between the hydrophobic component and the tunnel wall;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional connection structure of the hydrophobic component;

[0028] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional connection structure between the layered air guiding mechanism and the tunnel wall;

[0029] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional connection structure of the inverted arch water guiding component and the layered air guiding mechanism;

[0030] Figure 8A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional connection structure between the inverted arch water guiding component and the frost damage prevention component;

[0031] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional connection structure of the inverted arch water guide component;

[0032] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional connection structure of the frost damage prevention components;

[0033] Figure 11 A three-dimensional sectional view of the connection structure of the frost damage prevention component;

[0034] Figure 12 A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the connection structure between the heat pipe and the heating wire;

[0035] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional connection structure between the layered air guiding mechanism and the tunnel wall;

[0036] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional connection structure of the layered air guiding mechanism;

[0037] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of a partial three-dimensional connection structure of the layered air guiding mechanism;

[0038] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional connection structure of the laminated plates and bolted columns.

[0039] In the diagram: 1. Base assembly; 11. Support seat; 12. Water channel; 13. Water guide groove; 2. Drainage assembly; 21. Waterproof layer; 22. Drainage arch; 23. Casting cavity; 24. Grout guide groove; 26. Grout guide hole; 3. Invert arch water guide assembly; 31. Drainage rib; 32. Invert arch block; 33. Grouting groove; 34. Guide groove; 35. Mounting hole; 36. Buckle; 4. Frost damage prevention assembly; 41. Water guide pipe; 42. Water guide hole; 43. Water guide mesh block; 44. Heat conduction pipe; 45. Connecting wire; 46. Heating wire; 5. Tunnel wall; 6. Layered air guide mechanism; 61. Layered plate; 62. Stacked plate; 63. Bolt column; 64. Guide plate; 65. Fan blade tube; 66. Ventilation hole; 67. Fan; 7. Precast hole. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Example 1, Reference Figures 1 to 16The device for preventing frost damage in highway tunnels in seasonally frozen soil areas includes a tunnel wall 5. At both ends of the tunnel wall 5, base components 1 are installed to guide water flow from the tunnel base. A drainage component 2 is installed in the middle of the outer surface of the tunnel wall 5 to seal the seepage gaps in the tunnel arch. Several inverted arch water-guiding components 3 are installed on the outer surface of the tunnel wall 5, located on both sides of the drainage component 2, to guide lateral seepage from the tunnel and capillary water from the base. Symmetrically arranged inside each of the inverted arch water-guiding components 3 are frost damage prevention components 4 that are inserted deep into the rock to regulate the temperature of the frozen soil. Several pre-fabricated holes 7 are opened inside the tunnel wall 5. A layered air-guiding mechanism 6 is installed on the inner wall of the tunnel wall 5 to balance the temperature in the middle and at both ends of the tunnel.

[0042] It is worth noting that the foundation in the tunnel arch area is compacted to ensure that the bearing capacity of the foundation meets the design requirements. The base component 1 is placed horizontally on the compacted foundation as the load-bearing foundation of the overall structure. Installation holes are drilled in the surrounding rock of the tunnel sidewalls. The hole positions are determined according to the geological conditions and drainage requirements. The frost prevention component 4 is inserted into the pre-drilled hole. Before insertion, the inside of the frost prevention component 4 is filled with hydrophobic gravel that has been sprayed with fluorine to form a continuous drainage channel. After the frost prevention component 4 is installed in place, cement-based grouting material is used to pressure grout the gaps around the hole to ensure that the frost prevention component 4 is tightly bonded to the surrounding rock.

[0043] Before the installation of the frost prevention component 4, its interior is pre-filled with hydrophobic gravel treated with spray fluorination. The fluorination modification technology significantly reduces the surface energy of the gravel, forming an efficient hydrophobic drainage channel. This effectively blocks the path of capillary water migration along the surrounding rock to the invert arch base, fundamentally suppressing the problem of non-uniform frost heave caused by backflow of water during the snowmelt period. After the frost prevention component 4 is inserted into the hole, cement-based grouting material is used to pressure grout the surrounding gaps. This not only achieves a tight bond between the frost prevention component and the surrounding rock, preventing seepage and backflow, but also enhances the integrity and shear strength of the surrounding rock.

[0044] Install the drainage component 2 on the top of the tunnel, and then splice the inverted arch water guide component 3 on both sides of the drainage component 2 at the position corresponding to the frost prevention component 4. After splicing the base component 1, drainage component 2 and inverted arch water guide component 3 into a complete arched tunnel, embed the prefabricated tunnel wall 5 into the inner wall of the drainage component 2 and the inverted arch water guide component 3 for support.

[0045] After the tunnel wall 5 is installed, mortar is injected into the drainage component 2 and the invert arch water guiding component 3 through a high-pressure pump to fully fill the circumferential gap between them and the surrounding rock, as well as the inner gap between the tunnel wall 5 and the drainage component 2 and the invert arch water guiding component 3, forming a dense and stable overall structure. This enables the tunnel top area to achieve a waterproof function with full-section sealing as the main feature. The sidewalls and invert arch areas combine hydrophobic materials with structural waterproofing to construct a composite system that combines waterproofing and hydrophobicity. This blocks the migration of capillary water to the base, thereby inhibiting the debonding and failure of the drainage structure caused by the migration of the freeze-thaw interface, significantly improving the structure's resistance to freeze-thaw cycles, and preventing the problem of uneven frost heave of the invert arch base caused by capillary water backflow during the snow melting period.

[0046] The process involves installing the drainage component 2 at the top of the tunnel and precisely aligning and splicing the inverted arch water guiding component 3 with the frost prevention component 4 on both sides to ensure the water guiding path is connected. Then, the base component 1, drainage component 2, and inverted arch water guiding component 3 are assembled to form a complete and continuous arch structure. This overall arch structure can effectively transmit the surrounding rock pressure and reduce local stress concentration. Subsequently, the precast tunnel wall 5 is embedded in the inner wall grooves of the drainage component 2 and the inverted arch water guiding component 3 to form an inner support system, which not only enhances the overall rigidity of the secondary lining but also provides reliable support for subsequent grouting.

[0047] Cement-based mortar is injected into the drainage component 2 and the invert arch water-guiding component 3 by a high-pressure pump, fully filling the circumferential gap between them and the surrounding rock and the inner gap between them and the tunnel wall 5, forming a dense and seamless integral structure. This effectively avoids quality defects such as voids and debonding, significantly improving the cooperative stress-bearing capacity of the structure and the surrounding rock. By combining the hydrophobic material with the waterproofing of the structure, the migration path of capillary water to the invert arch base is actively blocked, suppressing the debonding and failure of the drainage structure caused by the migration of the freeze-thaw interface, significantly improving the durability of the structure under repeated freeze-thaw cycles, and fundamentally preventing the non-uniform frost heave of the invert arch base caused by capillary water backflow during the snow melting period.

[0048] Example 2: This example provides further technical solutions for the inverted arch water guiding component 3, the base component 1, the water drainage component 2, and the frost damage prevention component 4.

[0049] The frost damage prevention component 4 includes a water-guiding mesh block 43, which is located inside the inverted arch block 32 and embedded in the outer surface of the drainage rib 31. Two water-guiding pipes 41 are symmetrically installed at the upper end of the water-guiding mesh block 43, and both water-guiding pipes 41 pass through the mounting hole 35. Several water-guiding holes 42 distributed in a ring array are opened on the outer surface of the two water-guiding pipes 41.

[0050] The frost damage prevention component 4 also includes a heat-conducting pipe 44, which extends through the water-conducting mesh block 43 into the interior of the water-conducting pipe 41. A connecting wire 45 is connected to the bottom of the heat-conducting pipe 44, and an electric heating wire 46 is installed inside the heat-conducting pipe 44, and the electric heating wire 46 is electrically connected to the connecting wire 45.

[0051] It is worth noting that installation holes matching the water guide pipe 41 are drilled in the surrounding rock of the tunnel inner wall. The water guide pipe 41 is pre-filled with hydrophobic gravel treated with spray fluorination. Then, the water guide pipe is inserted into the hole, and cement-based grouting material is used to pressure grout the gaps around the hole wall. The grout seeps into the interior through the water guide hole 42 on the water guide pipe wall, fully filling the gap between the water guide pipe and the hole wall, and achieving a firm anchor. This structure not only enhances the overall combination between the water guide pipe and the surrounding rock, but also effectively disperses and reduces the lateral pressure borne by the tunnel through the implantation of the water guide pipe, while playing the role of an anchor and stabilizing the surrounding rock mass.

[0052] When the frozen soil thaws and water seeps into the surrounding rock, the seeping water is channeled by the drainage gravel in the water pipe and flows into the invert arch water guiding component 3 through the water guiding path. This prevents water from accumulating at the base and causing uneven frost heave. In low-temperature environments, if water freezes and causes the rock mass to expand and the tunnel structure to be compressed, the system triggers the heating wire 46 to be energized and heated through the connecting wire 45. The heating wire 46 generates heat by utilizing its high resistance characteristics and transfers the heat to the surrounding frozen soil through the heat pipe 44. This moderately melts the frozen front and releases the frost heave stress, thereby effectively suppressing the accumulation of frost heave pressure and preventing the tunnel foundation from shifting, the structure from deforming, and the debonding and failure of the drainage system. This achieves the effects of water guiding, anchoring, and temperature control in preventing frost damage.

[0053] The installation holes are drilled in the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall and a water pipe 41 filled with sprayed fluorinated hydrophobic gravel is inserted. Cement-based grout is injected into the pipe through the water pipe 42 by pressure grouting, which fully fills the gap between the water pipe and the hole wall, achieving a high-strength anchoring connection. This ensures a tight bond between the water pipe and the surrounding rock, preventing loosening and the formation of leakage channels. The hydrophobic gravel inside has excellent hydrophobicity due to fluorination treatment, which can effectively intercept and guide the seepage water generated after the frozen soil melts, preventing capillary water from migrating and accumulating to the invert arch base, fundamentally reducing the risk of non-uniform frost heave, and achieving an active prevention effect of integrated water guiding and anchoring.

[0054] In low-temperature freezing environments, when the surrounding rock freezes and expands, generating frost heave stress that threatens structural safety, the heating wire 46 is automatically energized and heated via the connecting line 45. The conditions for automatically triggering the heating wire 46 are set by the staff based on the temperature inside the tunnel. When the temperature drops, causing the tunnel to be subjected to significant pressure and potentially damaging it, the heating wire 46 is activated by a temperature sensor. Utilizing its high resistance characteristics, it generates stable heat energy, which is then evenly conducted to the surrounding frozen soil area via the heat pipe 44. This moderately melts the frozen front, releases frost heave pressure, and the active temperature control mechanism effectively suppresses the accumulation of frost heave stress, preventing typical frost damage problems such as tunnel foundation displacement, lining cracking, and debonding of drainage structures. It not only achieves efficient drainage of seepage water but also alleviates frost heave through thermo-mechanical coupling regulation.

[0055] The base assembly 1 includes a support base 11, which is fixedly installed at one end of the tunnel wall 5. A water channel 12 is provided inside the support base 11, and a water guide groove 13 communicating with the inside of the water channel 12 is provided at the upper end of the support base 11. One end of the drainage rib 31 extends into the inside of the water guide groove 13.

[0056] The hydrophobic component 2 includes a hydrophobic arch 22. The inner wall of the hydrophobic arch 22 is provided with a waterproof layer 21, and the waterproof layer 21 covers the outer surface of the tunnel wall 5. The interior of the hydrophobic arch 22 is provided with a casting cavity 23, and the outer surface of the hydrophobic arch 22 is provided with a plurality of grout guide grooves 24. The bottom wall of each of the plurality of grout guide grooves 24 is provided with grout guide holes 26 that communicate with the interior of the casting cavity 23.

[0057] The inverted arch water guiding component 3 includes an inverted arch block 32 and a drainage rib 31. A grouting groove 33 is provided inside the inverted arch block 32. Guide grooves 34 communicating with the inside of the grouting groove 33 are provided on both sides of the inverted arch block 32. Two mounting holes 35 are symmetrically provided on the outer surface of the inverted arch block 32. One end of the drainage rib 31 passes through the guide groove 34.

[0058] Two bolts 36 are symmetrically arranged on the bottom wall of the inverted arch block 32, and the bolts 36 are installed inside the pre-drilled hole 7. The bolt column 63 is installed inside the bolt 36 by thread.

[0059] It is worth noting that, firstly, the grout guide hole 26 is positioned and installed at the top of the tunnel. Then, the invert arch block 32 is spliced ​​along both sides below the drainage arch component 22. Multiple invert arch blocks and drainage arch components together form a complete arched tunnel structure. During the splicing process, it is ensured that the water guide pipe 41 is accurately inserted into the installation hole 35 on the invert arch block. At the same time, the heat conduction pipe 44 is welded to the upper end of the clamp 36 through the heat conduction plate to realize the heat transfer connection. The water guide mesh block 43 made of mesh material is covered on the surface of the drainage rib 31, which is also a mesh structure, to form an efficient water guide interface. The water flow guided by the water guide pipe 41 can pass through the water guide mesh block 43 and smoothly enter the interior of the drainage rib 31, and drain into the bottom waterway 12 along its channel to achieve continuous drainage.

[0060] After assembling the drainage arch component 22 and the inverted arch block 32, the precast tunnel wall 5 is installed on its inner wall, so that the bolts 36 are precisely inserted into the precast holes 7 on the tunnel wall to achieve structural positioning and anchoring. Finally, cement grout is injected into the pouring cavity 23 and the grouting groove 33 under high pressure through the grout guide hole 26. The grout flows into the grout guide groove 24 through the grout guide hole and further fills all the gaps between the drainage arch component 22, the inverted arch block 32 and the surrounding rock, forming a dense and integral composite lining structure, which effectively improves the tunnel's waterproof performance, structural stability and frost resistance.

[0061] In this process, by pre-setting the grout guide hole 26 at the top of the tunnel and splicing the inverted arch block 32 and the drainage arch component 22 to form a complete arch structure, modular and high-precision assembly construction is achieved, which significantly improves construction efficiency and structural integrity. During the assembly process, the water guide pipe 41 is precisely inserted into the installation hole 35 of the inverted arch block to ensure the continuity of the water guide path. The heat conduction pipe 44 is welded to the upper end of the clamp 36 through the heat conduction plate to build a reliable heat transfer channel, which provides a basis for subsequent active temperature control. At the same time, the mesh structure water guide mesh block 43 is covered on the surface of the drainage rib 31 to form a highly permeable water guide interface, so that the seepage water from the water guide pipe 41 can quickly pass through the mesh into the interior of the drainage rib and flow into the bottom water channel 12, preventing water from accumulating inside the structure and reducing the risk of frost heave.

[0062] During the installation of the precast tunnel wall 5, the precise docking of the bolts 36 with the precast holes 7 enables rapid positioning and mechanical anchoring of the inner lining structure, enhancing the stability of the inner wall. Subsequently, cement grout is injected under high pressure into the pouring cavity 23 and the grouting groove 33 through the grout guide hole 26. The grout is evenly diffused through the grout guide groove 24, fully filling all gaps between the drainage arch 22, the inverted arch block 32 and the surrounding rock. This not only eliminates structural voids and seepage hazards and significantly improves waterproof performance, but also enhances the synergistic stress-bearing capacity of the lining and the surrounding rock, improving the overall structural rigidity and deformation resistance.

[0063] Example 3: This example provides a further technical solution for the layered air guiding mechanism 6.

[0064] The layered air guiding mechanism 6 includes two symmetrically arranged layered plates 61. Each of the two layered plates 61 has several bolt posts 63 on its outer surface, and each bolt post 63 has a stacked plate 62 on its outer surface.

[0065] The layered air guiding mechanism 6 also includes a fan blade tube 65. The outer surface of the fan blade tube 65 is provided with a number of ventilation holes 66 arranged in a ring array. A fan 67 is installed inside the fan blade tube 65. The outer surface of the fan blade tube 65 is fitted with a number of guide vanes 64 arranged at equal intervals. All of the guide vanes 64 are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the layered plate 61.

[0066] It is worth noting that the bolt post 63 is installed inside the clamp 36 by thread, and the layered plate 61 is installed at the bottom of the bolt post. Due to the significant temperature difference between the middle and both ends of the tunnel, coupled with the heat from the exhaust gas generated by the vehicle and the change in air velocity, this temperature difference is further aggravated. In order to optimize the air flow and temperature distribution in the tunnel, when the fan 67 is started, the ventilation holes 66 on the surface of the fan blade tube 65 will draw in the outside air and push it forward, while the guide plate 64 will guide the air flow direction to ensure that the air velocity at the top of the tunnel is higher than that at the bottom, thus forming a layered effect.

[0067] The heat generated by vehicle exhaust does not rise directly to the top of the tunnel, but instead flows along both sides and is guided by the layered plates 61 and the guide plates 64 to contact the inner wall of the tunnel wall 5 and be discharged from the tunnel, thus preventing overheating at the top. The stacked plates 62 are used to regulate the temperature inside the tunnel. They can absorb heat from the air and transfer it to the clamps 36 through the bolts 63, and then conduct it to the surface of the heat-conducting pipes 44. This process balances the temperature differences in different areas inside the tunnel and prevents local icing.

[0068] In addition, the heating wire 46 installed inside the heat pipe 44 can also generate heat, and the temperature inside the tunnel can be further regulated by the laminated plates 62 to prevent the road surface from freezing. Overall, the system achieves zoned control of the airflow velocity inside the tunnel through the layered plates 61, which effectively reduces the temperature difference between the sides and the middle of the tunnel, ensuring a more uniform and stable environment inside the tunnel.

[0069] By threading the bolt column 63 into the inside of the clamp 36 and installing the layered plate 61 at the bottom, combined with components such as the guide plate 64, the fan 67 and the fan blade tube 65, an active tunnel airflow layered control system is constructed. When the fan starts, the ventilation holes 66 on the surface of the fan blade tube draw in external air and push it forward. The guide plate 64 guides the airflow direction, making the air velocity at the top of the tunnel significantly higher than that at the bottom, forming a stable longitudinal layered ventilation mode. This design effectively suppresses the heat accumulation caused by the natural rise of hot air, so that the heat carried by the vehicle exhaust no longer rises directly to the arch, but is guided to flow along the two walls of the tunnel. After heat exchange with the inner wall of the tunnel wall 5, it is discharged in an orderly manner, avoiding the formation of overheating at the top and local high temperature zones, and significantly improving the uniformity of the thermal environment distribution inside the tunnel.

[0070] The heat is absorbed by the stacked plates 62 and then conducted to the surface of the heat-conducting pipe 44 via the bolts 63 and clamps 36. This passive transfer and redistribution of heat effectively reduces the temperature gradient between the middle and ends, and between the top and bottom of the tunnel, preventing condensation and icing caused by local low temperatures. At the same time, the heating wires 46 inside the heat-conducting pipe 44 can actively generate heat in low-temperature environments. The heat is radiated to the surrounding air through the stacked plates 62, further regulating the local temperature and preventing icing of the road surface and drainage structure. Combined with the airflow regulation by the layered plates 61, a dynamic balance of the temperature field inside the tunnel is achieved, reducing the damage to the tunnel structure caused by freeze-thaw cycles.

[0071] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for preventing frost damage in highway tunnels in seasonally frozen soil areas, comprising a tunnel wall (5), characterized in that: Both ends of the tunnel wall (5) are provided with base components (1) to guide the water flow of the tunnel base. The middle of the outer surface of the tunnel wall (5) is provided with a drainage component (2) to seal the seepage gap of the tunnel arch. The outer surface of the tunnel wall (5) and on both sides of the drainage component (2) are provided with several inverted arch water guiding components (3) to guide the lateral seepage of the tunnel and the capillary water of the base. The interior of each of the several inverted arch water guiding components (3) is symmetrically provided with frost damage prevention components (4) that are inserted deep into the rock to regulate the temperature of the frozen soil. The interior of the tunnel wall (5) is provided with several prefabricated holes (7). The inner wall of the tunnel wall (5) is provided with a layered air guiding mechanism (6) to balance the temperature of the middle and both ends of the tunnel. The layered air guiding mechanism (6) includes two symmetrically arranged layered plates (61). The outer surfaces of the two layered plates (61) are provided with a number of bolt posts (63), and the outer surfaces of the bolt posts (63) are all fitted with stacked plates (62). The invert arch water guiding component (3) includes an invert arch block (32) and a drainage rib (31). The invert arch block (32) has a grouting groove (33) inside. Both sides of the invert arch block (32) have guide grooves (34) that communicate with the inside of the grouting groove (33). The outer surface of the invert arch block (32) has two symmetrical mounting holes (35). One end of the drainage rib (31) passes through the guide groove (34). The hydrophobic component (2) includes a hydrophobic arch (22), the inner wall of which is provided with a waterproof layer (21), and the waterproof layer (21) covers the outer surface of the tunnel wall (5). The hydrophobic arch (22) has a casting cavity (23) inside, and a plurality of grout guide grooves (24) are provided on the outer surface of the hydrophobic arch (22). The bottom wall of each of the plurality of grout guide grooves (24) is provided with a grout guide hole (26) that communicates with the inside of the casting cavity (23). The frost damage prevention component (4) includes a water-guiding mesh block (43), which is located inside the inverted arch block (32) and embedded in the outer surface of the drainage rib (31). Two water-guiding pipes (41) are symmetrically installed at the upper end of the water-guiding mesh block (43), and the water-guiding pipes (41) pass through the mounting hole (35). The outer surface of the two water-guiding pipes (41) is provided with a number of water-guiding holes (42) arranged in a ring array. The layered air guiding mechanism (6) also includes a fan blade tube (65), the outer surface of which is provided with a number of ventilation holes (66) arranged in a ring array, a fan (67) is provided inside the fan blade tube (65), and a number of guide vanes (64) arranged at equal intervals are fitted on the outer surface of the fan blade tube (65), and the number of guide vanes (64) are all fixedly installed on the outer surface of the layered plate (61); The frost damage prevention component (4) also includes a heat-conducting pipe (44), which extends through the water-conducting mesh block (43) to the interior of the water-conducting pipe (41). A connecting wire (45) is connected to the bottom of the heat-conducting pipe (44), and an electric heating wire (46) is provided inside the heat-conducting pipe (44), and the electric heating wire (46) is electrically connected to the connecting wire (45).

2. The device for preventing frost damage to highway tunnels in seasonally frozen soil areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom wall of the arch block (32) is symmetrically provided with two bolts (36), and the bolts (36) are installed inside the pre-drilled hole (7). The bolt column (63) is installed inside the bolt (36) by thread.

3. The device for preventing frost damage to highway tunnels in seasonally frozen soil areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base assembly (1) includes a support base (11), which is fixedly installed at one end of the tunnel wall (5). A water channel (12) is provided inside the support base (11), and a water guide groove (13) communicating with the inside of the water channel (12) is provided at the upper end of the support base (11). One end of the drainage rib (31) extends into the inside of the water guide groove (13).

4. A method for installing a frost damage prevention device for highway tunnels in seasonally frozen soil areas, using the frost damage prevention device for highway tunnels in seasonally frozen soil areas as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that... The specific installation method is as follows: Step 1: The foundation of the tunnel arch area is compacted. The base component (1) is placed horizontally on the compacted foundation. The frost prevention component (4) is inserted into the pre-drilled hole. Before insertion, the frost prevention component (4) is filled with hydrophobic gravel treated with spray fluorination. After the frost prevention component (4) is installed, cement-based grouting material is used to pressure grout the gaps around the hole to ensure that the frost prevention component (4) is tightly bonded to the surrounding rock. Step 2: Install the drainage component (2) on the top of the tunnel, and then splice the inverted arch water guide component (3) on both sides of the drainage component (2) at the position corresponding to the frost prevention component (4). After splicing the base component (1), drainage component (2) and inverted arch water guide component (3) into a complete arched tunnel, embed the prefabricated tunnel wall (5) into the inner wall of the drainage component (2) and inverted arch water guide component (3) for support. Step 3: After the tunnel wall (5) is installed, mortar is injected into the drainage component (2) and the invert arch water guiding component (3) through a high-pressure pump to fully fill the circumferential gap between them and the surrounding rock, as well as the inner gap between the tunnel wall (5) and the drainage component (2) and the invert arch water guiding component (3), forming a dense and stable overall structure.

Images