A photovoltaic photo-thermal heat pump system, a control method thereof, a terminal and a medium

Abstract

The application discloses a photovoltaic photo-thermal heat pump system and a control method, a terminal and a medium thereof, the photovoltaic photo-thermal heat pump system comprising a photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly, a gas-liquid separator, a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator; according to different heat pump system operation states, high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant compressed by the compressor is introduced into the condenser or the evaporator; when the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is introduced into the evaporator, the evaporator is defrosted to become low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant, and the low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows into the photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly to absorb heat; when the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is introduced into the condenser, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is condensed by the condenser, and the condensed refrigerant can be introduced into the evaporator to defrost and the photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly to absorb heat at the same time. The application introduces external energy solar energy through the direct expansion photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly, can maintain a good working temperature of the photovoltaic assembly, ensures sufficient heat source, and achieves the effects of no frost, heat pump working efficiency improvement and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of heat pump technology, specifically to a photovoltaic photothermal heat pump system and its control method, terminal, and medium. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, photovoltaic (PV) power generation technology is considered one of the most promising new energy technologies. However, PV power generation needs to address the following key issues during its use: Theoretically, the better the sunshine conditions and the greater the sunlight, the more irradiant energy is input to the PV panels, and therefore the more power they generate. However, PV panels suffer from a significant decrease in power generation efficiency as their temperature rises. Better sunshine conditions lead to a significant increase in the operating temperature of PV modules, thus drastically reducing their power generation efficiency. However, if the waste heat generated by sunlight during PV operation is promptly removed, not only can a good operating temperature for the PV modules be maintained, but heat output can also be increased without increasing the PV area, achieving a dual benefit.

[0003] Furthermore, traditional heat pump systems experience evaporator frosting under low-temperature and high-humidity conditions, leading to a sharp decline in heat exchange capacity and performance, making it impossible to maintain stable heating operation. Defrosting is then necessary. Traditional heat pumps typically use a four-way valve for defrosting, which can cause adverse effects such as cold air blowing into the room or a drop in the temperature of the supplied hot water, significantly impacting the customer's user experience.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a heat pump system that achieves seamless defrosting based on photovoltaic thermal modules. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a photovoltaic thermal heat pump system and its control method, terminal, and medium, which avoids the drawbacks of traditional heat pumps blowing cold air into the room during defrosting and significantly reducing the temperature of the hot water, thus significantly improving the user experience and the operating efficiency of the heat pump.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention discloses a photovoltaic thermal heat pump system, including a photovoltaic thermal module, a gas-liquid separator, a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator; depending on the operating state of the heat pump system, a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant compressed by the compressor is introduced into the condenser or the evaporator;

[0008] When high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is introduced into the evaporator, it defrosts and becomes low-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The low-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows into the photovoltaic thermal module to absorb heat. After absorbing heat, the refrigerant enters the gas-liquid separator for gas-liquid separation and then enters the compressor to start a new cycle.

[0009] When high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is introduced into the condenser, it is condensed. The condensed refrigerant can then be introduced into the evaporator for defrosting and into the photovoltaic thermal module for heat absorption. After heat absorption, the refrigerant flows into the gas-liquid separator for gas-liquid separation and then enters the compressor to start a new cycle.

[0010] Preferably, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, after being condensed by the condenser, is throttled by electronic expansion valve one and electronic expansion valve two, and then absorbs heat in the evaporator and the direct expansion photovoltaic thermal module, respectively.

[0011] Preferably, with the normal heating of the heat pump as the positive direction, the first shut-off valve is arranged at the outlet of the condenser, the second shut-off valve is arranged at the outlet of the evaporator, the third shut-off valve is arranged at the inlet of the photovoltaic thermal module, the fourth shut-off valve is arranged at the other end of the pipeline at the intersection with the third shut-off valve, and the fifth shut-off valve is arranged on the pipeline connected to the condenser.

[0012] A second aspect of the present invention discloses a control method for controlling a photovoltaic thermal heat pump system according to the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0013] After the photovoltaic thermal heat pump system starts operating and is initialized, it collects irradiance a, local wind speed v, and ambient temperature Ts.

[0014] The collected data is comprehensively calculated to determine the heat that the photovoltaic thermal module can provide.

[0015] By comparing the heat provided by the photovoltaic thermal module with the heat required for defrosting the evaporator, it can be determined whether the photovoltaic thermal heat pump system enters the ST1, ST2, or ST3 operating condition for defrosting.

[0016] Preferably, when the photovoltaic thermal module completely covers the heat required for defrosting the evaporator, the system enters ST1 mode; when the photovoltaic thermal module partially covers the heat required for defrosting the traditional tube-fin evaporator, the system enters ST2 mode; when the photovoltaic thermal module not only covers the heat required for defrosting the traditional tube-fin evaporator, but can also provide heat to the condenser at the same time, the system enters ST3 mode.

[0017] Preferably, under ST1 operating condition, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant from the compressor outlet flows into the evaporator for heat release and defrosting. After condensation, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant becomes a low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows into the photovoltaic thermal module. After absorbing heat and evaporating in the photovoltaic thermal module, the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant flows into the gas-liquid separator and is drawn into the compressor for the next cycle.

[0018] Preferably, under ST2 operating conditions, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant compressed by the compressor flows into the evaporator for heat release and defrosting. The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is cooled into a low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant. After throttling, the low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant is divided into two directions: one direction flows into the condenser, and the other direction flows into the photovoltaic thermal module. After absorbing heat in the condenser and the photovoltaic thermal module, the refrigerant merges and enters the gas-liquid separator, where it is drawn into the compressor for the next cycle.

[0019] Preferably, under ST3 operating conditions, the high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant compressed by the compressor flows to the evaporator and condenser respectively. The high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant releases heat to defrost the evaporator and becomes a low-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters the condenser and releases heat to become a low-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The refrigerant flowing out of the evaporator merges with the refrigerant flowing out of the condenser and enters the photovoltaic thermal module. The refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates in the photovoltaic thermal module and then enters the gas-liquid separator, where it is drawn into the compressor for the next cycle.

[0020] A third aspect of the present invention discloses a terminal, including a processor and a storage medium; the storage medium is used to store instructions;

[0021] The processor is configured to operate according to the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to the second aspect.

[0022] A fourth aspect of the present invention discloses a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described in the second aspect.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least the following:

[0024] To address the problems of frequent defrosting required by traditional heat pumps under low-temperature and high-humidity conditions, leading to cold air blowing indoors, reduced outlet water temperature, and low heat pump efficiency, this invention proposes a photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system and its control method that enables imperceptible defrosting. By introducing external solar energy through direct-expansion photovoltaic-thermal modules, it can maintain a good operating temperature for the photovoltaic modules, increasing heat output without increasing the photovoltaic area. Even when traditional air-source heat pumps are in a frosting state and cannot exchange heat normally, it can still guarantee a sufficient heat source. This avoids the key pain point of traditional air-source heat pumps requiring heat extraction from indoor air or hot water preparation for defrosting, which negatively impacts users. Ultimately, it achieves the beneficial effects of imperceptible defrosting and improved heat pump efficiency, significantly reducing the impact of frosting on the user experience of traditional tube-fin evaporators. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a diagram of a photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system architecture that can defrost without the need for manual defrosting, as described in this invention.

[0026] In the diagram: 1. Gas-liquid separator, 2. Compressor, 3. Condenser, 4. Evaporator, 5. Photovoltaic thermal module, ST1. Four-way valve, V1. Electronic expansion valve one, V2. Electronic expansion valve two, F1. Shut-off valve one, F2. Shut-off valve two, F3. Shut-off valve three, F4. Shut-off valve four, F5. Shut-off valve five;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a control architecture diagram of a photovoltaic thermal heat pump system that can defrost without the user's sense of heat in this invention. a represents solar irradiance, v represents wind speed, Ts represents ambient temperature, and ST1-ST3 represent operating conditions one to three.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a working condition one of the non-sensory defrosting photovoltaic-thermal heat pump systems in this invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is the second operating condition of a non-defrost photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system in this invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is the third operating condition of a photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system without light defrosting in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this invention. The embodiments described in this application are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the spirit of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this invention.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a photovoltaic thermal heat pump system, including a photovoltaic thermal module 5, a gas-liquid separator 1, a compressor 2, a condenser 3, and an evaporator 4.

[0033] Depending on the operating status of the heat pump system, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant compressed by the compressor 2 is introduced into the condenser 3 or the evaporator 4.

[0034] When the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is introduced into the evaporator 4, the evaporator 4 is defrosted and becomes a low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows into the photovoltaic thermal module 5 to absorb heat. After absorbing heat, the refrigerant enters the gas-liquid separator 1 for gas-liquid separation and then enters the compressor 2 to start a new cycle.

[0035] When the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is introduced into the condenser 3, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is condensed by the condenser 3. The condensed refrigerant can be introduced into the evaporator 4 for defrosting and the photovoltaic thermal module 5 for heat absorption. After heat absorption, the refrigerant flows into the gas-liquid separator 1 for gas-liquid separation and then enters the compressor 2 to start a new cycle.

[0036] Specifically, the refrigerant condensed by the condenser 3 is throttled by electronic expansion valve V1 and electronic expansion valve V2 and then absorbs heat in the evaporator 4 and the direct expansion photovoltaic thermal module 5, respectively.

[0037] With the heat pump operating normally in heating mode as the positive direction, shut-off valve 1 F1 is located at the outlet of condenser 3, shut-off valve 2 F2 is located at the outlet of evaporator 4, shut-off valve 3 F3 is located at the inlet of photovoltaic thermal module 5, shut-off valve 4 F4 is located at the other end of the pipeline at the intersection with shut-off valve 3 F3, and shut-off valve 5 F5 is located on the pipeline connected to condenser 3.

[0038] It is worth noting that the photovoltaic thermal module 5 needs to fulfill two functions: generating electricity and generating heat. While indirect expansion photovoltaic thermal modules can also fulfill these functions (besides direct expansion modules), their heat conversion efficiency is lower, requiring a larger area to output the same amount of heat. This limited installation area restricts the product's application range. Furthermore, indirect expansion heat exchangers increase system costs and hinder product scalability. Therefore, in this photovoltaic thermal heat pump system, direct expansion photovoltaic thermal modules are preferred for the photovoltaic thermal module 5.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a control method for a photovoltaic thermal heat pump system. Operating the photovoltaic thermal heat pump system as described in Embodiment 1 includes the following steps:

[0040] Step 1. After the heat pump system starts running and initializes, collect the irradiance a, local wind speed v, and ambient temperature Ts;

[0041] Step 2. Perform comprehensive calculations on the collected data to obtain the heat that the photovoltaic thermal module can provide;

[0042] Step 3. Compare the heat provided by the photovoltaic thermal module with the heat required for defrosting the evaporator to determine whether the heat pump system enters ST1, ST2, or ST3 mode for defrosting.

[0043] Specifically, when the photovoltaic thermal module 5 can completely cover the heat required for defrosting of the traditional tube-fin evaporator 4, the system enters ST1 mode; when the photovoltaic thermal module 5 partially covers the heat required for defrosting of the traditional tube-fin evaporator 4, the system enters ST2 mode; when the photovoltaic thermal module 5 can not only cover the heat required for defrosting of the traditional tube-fin evaporator 4, but also provide some heat to the condenser 3, the system enters ST3 mode.

[0044] The "partial coverage" in ST2 means that the heat obtained by the photovoltaic thermal module 5 cannot completely cover the heat required for defrosting of the traditional tube-fin evaporator. The "partial" refers to the above state and does not need to be quantified. Even if the photovoltaic thermal module 5 can only cover 10% of the heat required for defrosting of the traditional tube-fin evaporator, it will still enter the second condition. The condenser 3 will make up for the part of the heat, and the defrosting effect will not be affected.

[0045] The photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system ensures proper heat transfer by controlling the opening and closing of various valves to allow the refrigerant to flow according to the target state and direction. Based on the relative amounts of heat obtained by the photovoltaic-thermal module 5 and the heat required for defrosting a traditional tube-fin evaporator, the heat required for defrosting the traditional tube-fin evaporator will be provided by the photovoltaic-thermal module or the condenser, depending on the refrigerant flow.

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, under ST1 condition, the high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant from the compressor 2 outlet flows into the evaporator 4 through the four-way valve ST1 for heat release and defrosting. After condensation, the high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant becomes low-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. This low-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows into the photovoltaic thermal module 5 through electronic expansion valve V1 and electronic expansion valve V2. After absorbing heat and evaporating in the photovoltaic thermal module 5, the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant flows into the gas-liquid separator 1 and is then drawn into the compressor 2 for the next cycle. Under ST1 condition, all shut-off valves from F1 to F5 are closed.

[0047] like Figure 4As shown, under ST2 operating condition, the photovoltaic thermal module 5 can partially cover the heat required for defrosting the evaporator 4. The high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, compressed by the compressor 2, flows into the evaporator 4 through the four-way valve ST1 to release heat and defrost it. The high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is cooled into a low-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant, which is then throttled by the electronic expansion valve V1 and split into two directions. One direction flows from the shut-off valve F1 through the condenser 3, absorbs heat in the condenser 3, and then flows into the four-way valve ST1 and the shut-off valve F4. The other direction flows into the electronic expansion valve V2, then through the photovoltaic thermal module 5 to absorb heat. Finally, the refrigerant that has absorbed heat in the condenser 3 and the photovoltaic thermal module 5 merges and enters the gas-liquid separator 1, where it is drawn into the compressor 2 to be added to the next cycle. Under ST2 operating condition, shut-off valves F1 and F4 are open, while shut-off valves F2, F3, and F5 are closed.

[0048] like Figure 5 As shown, under ST3 operating condition, the high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant compressed by compressor 2 flows to evaporator 4 and condenser 3 respectively through four-way valve ST1. The high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant releases heat to defrost evaporator 4, becoming low-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters condenser 3, releases heat, and becomes low-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The refrigerant flowing out of evaporator 4 merges with the refrigerant flowing out of condenser 3 through shut-off valve F3 at the inlet of electronic expansion valve V1 and electronic expansion valve V2, and then enters photovoltaic thermal module 5. After absorbing heat and evaporating in photovoltaic thermal module 5, the refrigerant enters gas-liquid separator 1, absorbs heat, and enters compressor 2 to restart the cycle. Under ST3 operating condition, shut-off valves F1, F2, and F4 are closed, while shut-off valves F3 and F5 are open.

[0049] Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the computer program is loaded onto the processor, it implements a control method for a photovoltaic heat pump system according to Embodiment 2.

[0050] Embodiment 4 of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements a control method for a photovoltaic thermal heat pump system according to Embodiment 2.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least the following:

[0052] To address the problems of frequent defrosting required by traditional heat pumps under low-temperature and high-humidity conditions, leading to cold air blowing indoors, reduced outlet water temperature, and low heat pump efficiency, this invention proposes a photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system and its control method that enables seamless defrosting. By introducing external solar energy through direct-expansion photovoltaic-thermal modules, it ensures a sufficient heat source even when traditional air-source heat pumps are unable to exchange heat normally due to frosting. This avoids the key pain point of traditional air-source heat pumps requiring heat extraction from indoor air or hot water preparation for defrosting, which negatively impacts users. Ultimately, it achieves seamless defrosting and improved heat pump efficiency, significantly reducing the impact of frosting on the user experience of traditional tube-fin evaporators.

[0053] This disclosure can be a system, method, and / or computer program product. A computer program product may include a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions loaded thereon for causing a processor to implement various aspects of this disclosure.

[0054] Computer-readable storage media can be tangible devices capable of holding and storing instructions for use by an instruction execution device. Computer-readable storage media can be, for example—but not limited to—electrical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, optical storage devices, electromagnetic storage devices, semiconductor storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable storage media include: portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), static random access memory (SRAM), portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital multifunction disc (DVD), memory sticks, floppy disks, mechanical encoding devices, such as punch cards or recessed protrusions storing instructions thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. The computer-readable storage media used herein are not to be construed as transient signals themselves, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through waveguides or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses through fiber optic cables), or electrical signals transmitted through wires.

[0055] The computer-readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded from computer-readable storage media to various computing / processing devices, or downloaded via a network, such as the Internet, local area network, wide area network, and / or wireless network, to an external computer or external storage device. The network may include copper transmission cables, fiber optic transmission, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and / or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing / processing device receives the computer-readable program instructions from the network and forwards them to the computer-readable storage media in the respective computing / processing device.

[0056] Computer program instructions used to perform the operations of this disclosure may be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, status setting data, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Smalltalk, C++, etc., and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The computer-readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer via any type of network—including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)—or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry, such as programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or programmable logic arrays (PLAs), is personalized by utilizing the status information of the computer-readable program instructions to implement various aspects of this disclosure.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system, characterized in that: It includes a photovoltaic thermal module (5), a gas-liquid separator (1), a compressor (2), a condenser (3), and an evaporator (4); depending on the operating status of the heat pump system, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant compressed by the compressor (2) is introduced into the condenser (3) or the evaporator (4). When the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is introduced into the evaporator (4), the evaporator (4) is defrosted and becomes a low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows into the photovoltaic thermal module (5) to absorb heat. After absorbing heat, the refrigerant enters the gas-liquid separator (1) for gas-liquid separation and then enters the compressor (2) to start a new cycle. When the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is introduced into the condenser (3), the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is condensed by the condenser (3). The condensed refrigerant can be introduced into the evaporator (4) for defrosting and the photovoltaic thermal module (5) for heat absorption. The heat-absorbing refrigerant flows into the gas-liquid separator (1) for gas-liquid separation and then enters the compressor (2) to start a new cycle. The photovoltaic thermal heat pump system is controlled using the following control method, which includes the following steps: After the photovoltaic thermal heat pump system starts running and is initialized, the irradiance a, local wind speed v and ambient temperature Ts are collected; the collected data are comprehensively calculated to obtain the heat that the photovoltaic thermal module (5) can provide; The heat provided by the photovoltaic thermal module (5) is compared with the heat required for defrosting of the evaporator (4) to determine whether the photovoltaic thermal heat pump system enters the ST1, ST2 or ST3 working condition for defrosting. When the photovoltaic thermal module (5) completely covers the heat required for defrosting the evaporator (4), the system enters ST1 mode; when the photovoltaic thermal module (5) partially covers the heat required for defrosting the evaporator (4), the system enters ST2 mode; when the photovoltaic thermal module (5) not only covers the heat required for defrosting the evaporator (4) but also provides heat to the condenser (3), the system enters ST3 mode. Under ST3 operating conditions, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant compressed by the compressor (2) flows to the evaporator (4) and the condenser (3) respectively. The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant releases heat to defrost the evaporator (4) and becomes a low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters the condenser (3) and releases heat to become a low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The refrigerant flowing out of the evaporator (4) merges with the refrigerant flowing out of the condenser (3) and enters the photovoltaic thermal module (5). The refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates in the photovoltaic thermal module (5) and then enters the gas-liquid separator (1) and is sucked in by the compressor (2) for the next cycle.

2. The photovoltaic thermal heat pump system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, after being condensed by the condenser (3), is throttled by electronic expansion valve one (V1) and electronic expansion valve two (V2) and then absorbs heat in the evaporator (4) and the direct expansion photovoltaic thermal module (5), respectively.

3. The photovoltaic thermal heat pump system according to claim 1, characterized in that: With heat pump heating as the positive direction, stop valve one (F1) is arranged at the outlet of condenser (3), stop valve two (F2) is arranged at the outlet of evaporator (4), and stop valve three (F3) is arranged at the inlet of photovoltaic thermal module (5).

4. A photovoltaic thermal heat pump system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Under ST1 operating conditions, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor (2) flows into the evaporator (4) for heat release and defrosting. After the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant condenses, it becomes a low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows into the photovoltaic thermal module (5). After absorbing heat and evaporating in the photovoltaic thermal module (5), the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant flows into the gas-liquid separator (1) and is sucked into the compressor (2) for the next cycle.

5. A photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Under ST2 conditions, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant compressed by the compressor (2) flows into the evaporator (4) for heat release and defrosting. The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is cooled into low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant. After throttling, the low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant is divided into two directions. One direction flows into the condenser (3), and the other direction flows into the photovoltaic thermal module (5). After absorbing heat in the condenser (3) and the photovoltaic thermal module (5), the refrigerant flows into the gas-liquid separator (1) and is sucked into the compressor (2) for the next cycle.

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