High-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of shock wave loading equipment, in particular to a high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device and method. The loading piston divides an inner cavity of the loading cylinder into a reset cavity and a loading cavity; the loading rod is connected with the loading piston and can abut against the impact rod in a working state; the pressurizing rod is connected with the loading piston and divides the loading cavity into a back pressure cavity and a pressurizing cavity; the oil hydraulic cylinder is provided with an inner cavity communicated with the pressurizing cavity; a pneumatic cylinder; the air pressure piston divides an inner cavity of the air pressure cylinder into an air pressure driving cavity and a moving cavity; one end of the pressurizing rod is connected with the air pressure piston, the other end of the pressurizing rod extends into the oil pressure cavity and can move in the axial direction of the pressurizing rod, and under the condition that the pressure in the back pressure cavity reaches the impact pressure, the pressurizing air source is communicated with the air pressure driving cavity, and large-scale and short-time impact can be achieved. The loading method is based on the loading device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shock wave loading equipment technology, specifically to a high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device and method. Background Technology

[0002] High-amplitude short-pulse shock waves are transient mechanical loads with extremely high peak pressure (typically in the range of megapascals to gigapascals) and extremely short duration (in the range of nanoseconds to microseconds), and they have important application value in fields such as medicine, materials science, military industry, and energy exploration.

[0003] Currently, to avoid exposing strategically valuable military targets on the ground, these targets are usually moved underground or underwater and given robust protective measures. Therefore, various cross-medium offensive weapons have become a key research focus. For these cross-medium weapons, the instantaneous impact load across the medium is relatively large, and such large impact loads may cause critical internal components of the aircraft to fail, thus affecting the success or failure of the entire mission.

[0004] Currently, common impact testing methods include real water or ground immersion, drop impact, pyrotechnic impact, and impact test benches. Among these, real water or ground immersion impact is complex and costly, while drop impact, pyrotechnic impact, and impact test benches are difficult to implement with high-amplitude, short-pulse impacts. Therefore, a testing device capable of performing large-scale, short-duration impacts is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device and method, which utilizes gas-liquid pressurization to convert low-pressure gas into a large impact force on the impact rod, resulting in a large and stable output impact force, thereby achieving a large number of short-duration impacts and meeting the requirements of high-amplitude short-pulse impacts.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device, comprising: a loading cylinder; a loading piston, which divides the inner cavity of the loading cylinder into a reset cavity and a loading cavity along the axial direction of the loading cylinder; a loading rod, connected to the loading piston, disposed within the reset cavity and extending outside the loading cylinder, and capable of abutting against the impact rod in the working state; a pressure rod, connected to the loading piston, which divides the loading cavity into a back pressure cavity and a pressure cavity along the axial direction of the loading cylinder; and a hydraulic cylinder, which is provided with a hydraulic cavity. The hydraulic chamber is connected to the pressurizing chamber; a pneumatic cylinder; a pneumatic piston, which divides the inner cavity of the pneumatic cylinder into a pneumatic drive chamber and a moving chamber along the axial direction of the pneumatic cylinder; a booster rod, one end of which is connected to the pneumatic piston and the other end of which extends into the hydraulic chamber and can move along its own axial direction; wherein, in the working state, the back pressure chamber is connected to the pressurizing air source to drive the loading rod to abut against the impact rod, and when the pressure in the back pressure chamber reaches the impact pressure, the pressurizing air source is connected to the pneumatic drive chamber.

[0007] The high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device provided by the present invention includes a loading cylinder, a loading piston, a loading rod, a pressure rod, a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, a pneumatic piston, and a booster rod. The loading piston divides the inner cavity of the loading cylinder into a reset cavity and a loading cavity. The loading rod is connected to the loading piston. The pressure rod is connected to the loading piston and divides the loading cavity into a back pressure cavity and a pressure cavity. The hydraulic cavity of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the pressure cavity. The pneumatic piston divides the inner cavity of the pneumatic cylinder into a pneumatic drive cavity and a moving cavity. One end of the booster rod is connected to the pneumatic piston, and the other end extends into the hydraulic cavity. Furthermore, when the pressure in the back pressure cavity reaches the impact pressure, the pressurized air source is connected to the pneumatic drive cavity.

[0008] In operation, a pressurized air source is connected to the loading cylinder via a reversing valve. Initially, the outlet of the pressurized air source is connected to the back pressure chamber via the reversing valve, allowing pressurized air to enter the back pressure chamber and push the loading piston to move the loading rod to the point of contact with the impact rod. At this point, the loading piston stops moving, and the volume of the back pressure chamber remains unchanged. However, under the action of the pressurized air source, the pressure in the back pressure chamber increases until it reaches the upper limit pressure of the back pressure valve (impact pressure). The back pressure valve opens, and pressurized air enters the pneumatic drive chamber, pushing the pneumatic piston to move the booster rod towards the hydraulic cylinder. As the booster rod moves into the hydraulic chamber, it compresses the oil inside, increasing the chamber pressure. Under the action of the oil pressure, the loading piston drives the loading rod to impact the impact rod with greater pressure. According to the one-dimensional stress wave theory, the shock wave is transmitted inside the impact rod in this state, and the impact force of the loading rod is rapidly transmitted to the test piece, thereby achieving a short-term, high-magnitude impact on the test piece and realizing the purpose of high-speed instantaneous impact simulation test verification.

[0009] Therefore, the high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device provided by the present invention can combine the advantages of pneumatic and hydraulic loading, resulting in a large and stable output impact force, agile and rapid impact action, low noise, and no hydraulic oil leakage pollution; and the transmission of shock wave inside the impact rod utilizes the one-dimensional stress wave theory to transmit the impact force of the working piston rod to the test piece, thereby realizing the miniaturization of the experimental device structure.

[0010] In summary, the high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device provided by the present invention utilizes gas-liquid pressurization to convert low-pressure gas into a large impact force on the impact rod, resulting in a large and stable output impact force, enabling large-scale, short-duration impacts and meeting the requirements for high-amplitude short-pulse impacts.

[0011] In an optional embodiment of this application, a pressurized gas source is further included. The pressurized gas source is connected to the inner cavity of the loading cylinder through a reversing valve. The reversing valve can control the gas outlet of the pressurized gas source to switch between being connected to the reset cavity and being connected to the back pressure cavity, so as to directly input pressurized gas into the loading cylinder and control the loading cylinder to reset.

[0012] In an optional embodiment of this application, a back pressure valve is further included. The back pressure valve is connected in series between the back pressure chamber and the pneumatic drive chamber. When the pressure in the pneumatic drive chamber reaches the impact pressure, the back pressure valve opens to ensure that the pressurized air source can communicate with the pneumatic drive chamber when the pressure in the back pressure chamber reaches the impact pressure.

[0013] In an optional embodiment of this application, a return spring is provided on the outer sleeve of the booster rod. The return spring stores energy during the movement of the pneumatic piston toward the hydraulic cylinder, so as to drive the pneumatic piston to automatically reset through the return spring.

[0014] In an optional embodiment of this application, the effective working area of ​​the pneumatic piston is larger than the effective working area of ​​the pressure rod, so that low-pressure gas can pressurize hydraulic oil and thus convert it into high-pressure hydraulic energy.

[0015] In an optional embodiment of this application, the loading cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder, and the pneumatic cylinder are an integral structure and are coaxially arranged, so as to ensure the coaxiality of the loading rod, the pressure rod, and the booster rod while processing and manufacturing the device.

[0016] In an optional embodiment of this application, an impact rod is also included. One end of the impact rod is facing the loading rod, and the other end is connected to a connecting flange. The connecting flange is used to connect the test piece, so as to facilitate the connection of the test piece and the replacement of test pieces of different specifications, and to realize the impact test of different test pieces.

[0017] In an optional embodiment of this application, the coaxiality between the impact rod and the loading rod is less than 0.5 mm to ensure that the shock wave from the loading rod can be smoothly transmitted to the impact rod.

[0018] In an optional embodiment of this application, the device further includes: a velocity sensor disposed between the loading rod and the impact rod for monitoring the impact velocity of the loading rod; and an acceleration sensor for detecting the response velocity at a corresponding position of the specimen to facilitate the detection of test data.

[0019] Secondly, the present invention provides a high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test method, based on the above-mentioned high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device, comprising the following steps: S10. Install the acceleration sensor at the location of interest on the test simulation component, and fix the test simulation component on the connecting flange; S20. Start the loading test and monitor the feedback values ​​of the velocity sensor and acceleration sensor. When the response at the location of interest of the test simulation is close to the response requirement of the test piece, record the gas pressure of the gas source at this time. S30. The test simulant is removed from the test equipment, and the impact sensor is installed at the location of interest on the actual test piece. S40. Based on the loading conditions obtained from the pre-test, conduct an impact test on the test piece and test and record the response of the monitoring points. S50. Remove the test piece and perform structural and functional integrity checks on it.

[0020] The high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test method provided by the present invention is based on the above-mentioned high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device. It first conducts an impact test on the test simulation to obtain the loading conditions, and then conducts an impact test on the test piece under these loading conditions. It can apply a high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave that meets the test requirements to the test piece, and meet the requirements for high-level short-pulse width impact test verification of full-size components in multiple fields such as high-speed cross-medium water immersion.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: 1. The high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device provided by this invention can connect the outlet of the pressurized gas source to the back pressure chamber through a reversing valve. The pressurized gas enters the back pressure chamber through the reversing valve, pushing the loading piston to move the loading rod to a state of contact with the impact rod. The loading piston stops moving, and the volume of the back pressure chamber remains unchanged. However, under the action of the pressurized gas source, the pressure in the back pressure chamber increases until it reaches the upper limit pressure of the back pressure valve (impact pressure). The back pressure valve opens, and the pressurized gas enters the pneumatic drive chamber, pushing the pneumatic piston to move the booster rod towards the hydraulic cylinder. As the booster rod moves into the hydraulic chamber, it compresses the oil in the hydraulic chamber, increasing the chamber pressure. Under the action of the oil pressure, the loading piston drives the loading rod to impact the impact rod with greater pressure. According to the one-dimensional stress wave theory, the shock wave is transmitted inside the impact rod in this state, and the impact force of the loading rod is rapidly transmitted to the test piece, thereby achieving a short-time, high-magnitude impact on the test piece. This achieves the purpose of high-speed instantaneous impact simulation test verification and meets the requirements of high-amplitude short-pulse impact.

[0022] 2. The high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device provided by the present invention can combine the advantages of pneumatic and hydraulic loading, so that the output impact force is large and stable, the impact action is agile and rapid, the noise is low and there is no hydraulic oil leakage pollution. 3. The high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device provided by the present invention enables the transmission of shock waves inside the impact rod. It utilizes the one-dimensional stress wave theory to transmit the impact force of the working piston rod to the test piece, thereby achieving the miniaturization of the experimental device structure.

[0023] 4. The high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test method provided by the present invention is based on the above-mentioned high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device. The test simulation component is first subjected to an impact test to obtain the loading conditions, and the test component is subjected to an impact test under these loading conditions. The method can apply a high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave that meets the test requirements to the test component, and meet the requirements for high-level short-pulse width impact test verification of full-size components in multiple fields such as high-speed cross-medium water entry. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 The structural diagram and pipeline schematic diagram of the high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device provided in the embodiments of the present invention are shown below. Figure 2A schematic flowchart of the high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] The attached figures include reference numerals and their corresponding component names: 10-Loading cylinder, 11-Loading piston, 12-Reset chamber, 13-Back pressure chamber, 14-Pressure chamber, 20-Loading rod, 30-Impact rod, 31-Connecting flange, 40-Pressure rod, 50-Hydraulic cylinder, 51-Hydraulic chamber, 60-Pneumatic cylinder, 61-Pneumatic piston, 62-Pneumatic drive chamber, 63-Moving chamber, 64-Reset spring, 70-Boosting rod, 81-Pressure air source, 82-Reversing valve, 83-Back pressure valve, 91-Speed ​​sensor, 92-Acceleration sensor, 93-Data logger, 94-Host computer, 100-Test piece. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0028] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship that the product of this application is usually placed in when in use, or the orientation or positional relationship that is commonly understood by those skilled in the art. It is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0031] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0032] Example 1 Combination Figure 1 This embodiment provides a high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device, including: a loading cylinder 10; a loading piston 11, which divides the inner cavity of the loading cylinder 10 into a reset chamber 12 and a loading chamber along the axial direction of the loading cylinder 10; a loading rod 20, connected to the loading piston 11, disposed in the reset chamber 12 and extending to the outside of the loading cylinder 10, and capable of abutting against the impact rod 30 in the working state; a pressure rod 40, connected to the loading piston 11, which divides the loading chamber into a back pressure chamber 13 and a pressure chamber 14 along the axial direction of the loading cylinder 10; and a hydraulic cylinder 50, which is provided with a hydraulic chamber 51. The hydraulic chamber 51 is connected to the pressurizing chamber 14; a pneumatic cylinder 60; a pneumatic piston 61, which divides the inner cavity of the pneumatic cylinder 60 into a pneumatic drive chamber 62 and a moving chamber 63 along the axial direction of the pneumatic cylinder 60; a booster rod 70, one end of which is connected to the pneumatic piston 61 and the other end extends into the hydraulic chamber 51, and can move along its own axial direction; wherein, in the working state, the back pressure chamber 13 is connected to the pressurizing air source 81 to drive the loading rod 20 to abut against the impact rod 30, and when the pressure in the back pressure chamber 13 reaches the impact pressure, the pressurizing air source 81 is connected to the pneumatic drive chamber 62.

[0033] It is understood that this embodiment also includes a pressurized gas source 81, which is connected to the inner cavity of the loading cylinder 10 via a reversing valve 82 (generally an electromagnetic reversing valve 82). The reversing valve 82 can control the outlet of the pressurized gas source 81 to switch between being connected to the reset chamber 12 and the back pressure chamber 13, so as to directly input pressurized gas into the loading cylinder 10 and control the reset of the loading cylinder 10. By adjusting the gas pressure of the pressurized gas source 81, different working pressures of the working piston can be achieved, thereby realizing different acceleration responses of different test pieces 100.

[0034] Accordingly, this embodiment also includes a back pressure valve 83, which is connected in series between the back pressure chamber 13 and the pneumatic drive chamber 62. When the pressure in the pneumatic drive chamber 62 reaches the impact pressure, the back pressure valve 83 opens to ensure that when the pressure in the back pressure chamber 13 reaches the impact pressure, the pressurized air source 81 can be connected to the pneumatic drive chamber 62.

[0035] Combination Figure 1 The booster rod 70 is fitted with a return spring 64. The return spring 64 stores energy during the movement of the pneumatic piston 61 toward the hydraulic cylinder 50, so as to drive the pneumatic piston 61 to automatically reset.

[0036] It should be understood that the effective working area of ​​the pneumatic piston 61 is larger than the effective working area of ​​the pressure rod 40, so that low-pressure gas can pressurize the hydraulic oil and thus convert it into high-pressure hydraulic energy.

[0037] Recombination Figure 1 The loading cylinder 10, the hydraulic cylinder 50, and the pneumatic cylinder 60 are an integral structure and are coaxially arranged, so as to ensure the coaxiality of the loading rod 20, the pressure rod 40, and the pressure boosting rod 70 while processing and manufacturing the device.

[0038] It is understood that this embodiment also includes an impact rod 30, one end of which faces the loading rod 20, and the other end is connected to a connecting flange 31. The connecting flange 31 is used to connect the test piece 100, facilitating the connection of the test piece 100 and the replacement of test pieces 100 of different specifications, thus enabling impact tests on different test pieces 100. It is known that the connecting flange 31 and the impact rod 30 are connected by screws, ensuring connection rigidity while allowing for flexible replacement of the connecting flange 31 when facing different test objects. Simultaneously, the connecting flange 31 is designed with a series of threaded holes, which can be used for connection with different test objects. That is, by adjusting the mounting hole position of the test piece 100 on the connecting flange 31, impact tests on different test pieces 100 can be achieved, improving the versatility of the experimental device.

[0039] To ensure the smooth transmission of the shock wave, the impact rod 30 should maintain good coaxiality with the loading rod 20, generally less than 0.5 mm. That is, in this embodiment, the coaxiality between the impact rod 30 and the loading rod 20 is less than 0.5 mm to ensure that the shock wave from the loading rod 20 can be smoothly transmitted to the impact rod 30.

[0040] To ensure proper transmission of the shock wave within the impact rod 30, the impact rod 30 has a uniform cross-section along its entire length and no significant bending along its axis. The material of the impact rod 30 can be either high-strength steel with excessive stiffness, or a lower-stiffness aluminum alloy rod, depending on the test magnitude. For safety and impact effectiveness, the impact rod 30 can be effectively fixed to the impact rod 30 bracket by clamping to increase friction or by threaded fastening.

[0041] Generally, the cylinder body of the gas-liquid booster cylinder is connected and fixed to two brackets to fix the loading mechanism, and the impact rod 30 is connected and fixed to one bracket to fix the test system.

[0042] It should be noted that this embodiment also includes: a velocity sensor 91, arranged between the loading rod 20 and the impact rod 30, for monitoring the impact velocity of the loading rod 20; and an acceleration sensor 92, attached to the position of interest on the test piece 100, for detecting the response velocity at the corresponding position of the test piece, so as to facilitate the detection of test data. Simultaneously, the feedback data from the two sensors is transmitted to the host computer 94 via the data logger 93, so that the host computer 94 can analyze the test data.

[0043] In other words, the velocity sensor 91 is arranged between the loading piston 11 and the impact rod 30 to monitor the impact velocity of the working piston rod, and is used to study the relationship between different impact velocities and the response of the test piece 100; the acceleration sensor 92 is fixed on the test piece 100 to monitor the response of the test piece 100 at the location of interest; the data logger 93 collects the data from the velocity sensor 91 and the acceleration sensor 92 and feeds it back to the host computer 94, where researchers can process the test data.

[0044] The range of the degree sensor and acceleration sensor 92 should be determined according to the required verification level of the test piece 100. That is, an equivalent test simulation piece (with the same weight and structure as the test piece 100) needs to be designed, and the gas pressure of the loading system gas source should be determined based on the response of the test piece 100 to reduce the number of times the actual product is used to determine the loading conditions and reduce the test cost.

[0045] In summary, the high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device provided in this embodiment includes a loading cylinder 10, a loading piston 11, a loading rod 20, a pressure rod 40, a hydraulic cylinder 50, a pneumatic cylinder 60, a pneumatic piston 61, a pressure boosting rod 70, a pressurized air source 81, a reversing valve 82, and a back pressure valve 83. The loading piston 11 divides the inner cavity of the loading cylinder 10 into a reset chamber 12 and a loading chamber. The loading rod 20 is connected to the loading piston 11, and the pressure rod 40 is connected to the loading cylinder 50. The piston 11 is connected and divides the loading chamber into a back pressure chamber 13 and a pressurizing chamber 14. The hydraulic chamber 51 of the hydraulic cylinder 50 is connected to the pressurizing chamber 14. The pneumatic piston 61 divides the inner cavity of the pneumatic cylinder 60 into a pneumatic drive chamber 62 and a moving chamber 63. One end of the booster rod 70 is connected to the pneumatic piston 61 and the other end extends into the hydraulic chamber 51. When the pressure in the back pressure chamber 13 reaches the impact pressure, the pressurizing air source 81 is connected to the pneumatic drive chamber 62.

[0046] In use, the pressurized air source 81 is connected to the loading cylinder 10 through the reversing valve 82. Initially, the air outlet of the pressurized air source 81 is connected to the back pressure chamber 13 through the reversing valve 82, so that the gas from the pressurized air source 81 enters the back pressure chamber 13 through the reversing valve 82, thereby pushing the loading piston 11 to move the loading rod 20 to the state of contacting the impact rod 30. At this time, the loading piston 11 no longer moves, and the volume of the back pressure chamber 13 does not change. However, under the action of the pressurized air source 81, the pressure in the back pressure chamber 13 increases until the upper limit pressure (impact pressure) of the back pressure valve 83. The back pressure valve 83 opens, and the gas from the pressurized air source 81 enters the pneumatic drive chamber 62, pushing the pneumatic piston 61 to drive the booster rod 70 to move towards the hydraulic cylinder 50. As the booster rod 70 moves into the hydraulic chamber 51, it compresses the oil in the hydraulic chamber 51 and increases the pressure in the hydraulic chamber. Thus, under the action of the oil pressure, the loading piston 11 drives the loading rod 20 to impact the impact rod 30 with greater pressure. According to the one-dimensional stress wave theory, the shock wave is transmitted inside the impact rod 30 in this state, and the impact force of the loading rod 20 is quickly transmitted to the test piece 100, thereby realizing the short-term high-level impact of the test piece 100 and achieving the purpose of high-speed instantaneous impact simulation test verification.

[0047] After the impact is completed, the reversing valve 82 reverses and is placed in the left position. Figure 1 When the air pressure in the back pressure chamber 13 decreases, the gas from the pressurized gas source 81 enters the reset chamber 12 from the back pressure chamber 13. Under the action of the gas from the pressurized gas source 81, the working piston drives the loading rod 20 to reset, and the pneumatic piston 61 is reset under the action of the elastic potential energy of the reset spring 64.

[0048] Among them, the hydraulic chamber 51 is a high-pressure oil chamber, and an appropriate amount of hydraulic oil should be injected in advance. The diameter of the small hole in the hydraulic chamber 51 should be in clearance fit with the booster rod 70. The reciprocating motion of the booster rod 70 is realized through the self-lubricating effect of the oil.

[0049] Therefore, the high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device provided in this embodiment combines the advantages of pneumatic and hydraulic loading, resulting in a large and stable output impact force, rapid and agile impact action, low noise, and no hydraulic oil leakage pollution. Furthermore, the transmission of the shock wave within the impact rod 30 utilizes one-dimensional stress wave theory to transfer the impact force of the working piston rod to the test piece 100, achieving a miniaturized experimental device structure and enabling high-speed, short-duration impact loading of the test piece 100, solving the problem that existing impact test devices struggle to achieve high-magnitude, short-duration impacts. Simultaneously, experimental verification shows that this embodiment can be used for short-duration, high-magnitude impact dynamics tests with impact amplitudes ranging from 10,000g to 300,000g and pulse widths ranging from 0.05ms to 0.3ms. In summary, the high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device provided in this embodiment utilizes gas-liquid pressurization to convert low-pressure gas into a large impact force on the impact rod 30, resulting in a large and stable output impact force. It can achieve a large number of short-duration impacts, meet the requirements of high-amplitude short-pulse impacts, and can be applied to high-volume short-duration impact verification tests of components of various sizes.

[0050] Example 2 Combination Figure 2 This embodiment provides a high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test method, based on the high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device described in Embodiment 1, consisting of a pre-test and a formal test. The pre-test uses an equivalent test simulator to conduct an impact test and determine the gas source pressure under the required response conditions. The formal test uses a real test specimen 100 and conducts a simulated impact test based on the gas source pressure determined in the pre-test.

[0051] Specifically, it includes the following steps: S10. Install the acceleration sensor 92 at the location of interest on the test simulation component, and fix the test simulation component on the connecting flange 31. S20. Start the loading test and monitor the feedback values ​​of speed sensor 91 and acceleration sensor 92. When the response at the location of interest of the test simulation is close to the response requirement of the test piece 100, record the gas pressure of the gas source at this time. S30. The test simulant is removed from the test equipment, and the impact sensor is installed at the location of interest on the actual test piece 100. S40. Based on the loading conditions obtained from the pre-test, conduct an impact test on the test piece 100 and test and record the response of the monitoring points. S50. Remove the test piece 100 and perform a structural and functional integrity check test on the test piece 100.

[0052] In summary, the high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test method provided in this embodiment is based on the high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device described in Embodiment 1. It first conducts an impact test on the test simulation to obtain the loading conditions, and then conducts an impact test on the test piece 100 under these loading conditions. This method can apply a high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave that meets the test requirements to the test piece 100, thus satisfying the requirements for high-level short-pulse width impact test verification of full-size components in multiple fields such as high-speed cross-medium water immersion.

[0053] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device, characterized in that, include: Loading cylinder (10); The loading piston (11) divides the inner cavity of the loading cylinder (10) into a reset cavity (12) and a loading cavity along the axial direction of the loading cylinder (10); The loading rod (20) is connected to the loading piston (11), is disposed in the reset chamber (12) and extends to the outside of the loading cylinder (10), and in the working state, it can abut against the impact rod (30); The pressure rod (40) is connected to the loading piston (11) and divides the loading chamber into a back pressure chamber (13) and a pressure chamber (14) along the axial direction of the loading cylinder (10). The hydraulic cylinder (50) is provided with a hydraulic chamber (51), which is connected to the pressurizing chamber (14); Pneumatic cylinder (60); The pneumatic piston (61) divides the inner cavity of the pneumatic cylinder (60) into a pneumatic drive chamber (62) and a moving chamber (63) along the axial direction of the pneumatic cylinder (60). The booster rod (70) is connected at one end to the pneumatic piston (61) and at the other end extends into the hydraulic chamber (51), and can move along its own axis; In the working state, the back pressure chamber (13) is connected to the pressurized air source (81) to drive the loading rod (20) to abut against the impact rod (30), and when the pressure in the back pressure chamber (13) reaches the impact pressure, the pressurized air source (81) is connected to the pneumatic drive chamber (62).

2. The high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a pressurized air source (81), which is connected to the inner cavity of the loading cylinder (10) through a reversing valve (82), and the reversing valve (82) can control the air outlet of the pressurized air source (81) to switch between being connected to the reset chamber (12) and being connected to the back pressure chamber (13).

3. The high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a back pressure valve (83), which is connected in series between the back pressure chamber (13) and the pneumatic drive chamber (62), and the back pressure valve (83) opens when the pressure in the pneumatic drive chamber (62) reaches the impact pressure.

4. The high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The booster rod (70) is fitted with a return spring (64), which stores energy as the pneumatic piston (61) moves toward the hydraulic cylinder (50).

5. The high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The effective working area of ​​the pneumatic piston (61) is greater than the effective working area of ​​the pressure rod (40).

6. The high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The loading cylinder (10), the hydraulic cylinder (50), and the pneumatic cylinder (60) are an integral structure and are coaxially arranged.

7. The high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an impact rod (30), one end of which faces the loading rod (20) and the other end is connected to a connecting flange (31), which is used to connect the test piece (100).

8. The high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The coaxiality between the impact rod (30) and the loading rod (20) is less than 0.5 mm.

9. The high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device according to claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: A speed sensor (91) is arranged between the loading rod (20) and the impact rod (30) to monitor the impact speed of the loading rod (20); An accelerometer (92) is used to detect the response speed at a corresponding position of the sample.

10. A method for testing high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading, characterized in that, The high-amplitude short-pulse shock wave loading test device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 includes the following steps: S10. Install the acceleration sensor (92) at the location of interest on the test simulation and fix the test simulation on the connecting flange (31); S20. Start the loading test and monitor the feedback values ​​of the speed sensor (91) and acceleration sensor (92). When the response at the location of interest of the test simulation is close to the response requirement of the test piece (100), record the gas pressure of the gas source at this time. S30. The test simulant is removed from the test apparatus and the impact sensor is installed at the point of interest on the formal test piece (100). S40. Based on the loading conditions obtained from the pre-test, an impact test is conducted on the test piece (100), and the response of the monitoring points is recorded. S50. Remove the test piece (100) and perform a structural and functional integrity check test on the test piece (100).

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