A pulsed signal positioning device based on rydberg atoms

Abstract

The application provides a kind of pulse signal positioning device based on Rydberg atom, including Rydberg atom preparation system, multiple Rydberg atom antennas, data acquisition module, signal processing module and positioning module, Rydberg atom preparation system is used to output frequency-locked detection light and coupling light;Multiple Rydberg atom antennas are all connected with Rydberg atom preparation system, generate EIT transmission spectrum signal and output;Data acquisition module is connected with multiple Rydberg atom antennas respectively, for outputting multiple original pulse sequence data;Signal processing module is connected with data acquisition module, for outputting multiple pulse sequence characteristics.Positioning module is connected with signal processing module, for calculating the position of pulse signal source.The application solves the technical problems of low sensitivity, narrow working frequency band and low positioning accuracy caused by the limitation of physical characteristics of electronic devices in traditional equipment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of quantum precision measurement, and particularly relates to a pulse signal positioning device based on Rydberg atoms. BACKGROUND

[0002] The pulse signal positioning device is a device for receiving and capturing a pulse signal and determining the spatial position of a pulse signal emission source or a reflection target by analyzing the signal characteristics and related changes in the propagation process. It relies on the easily identifiable characteristics of the pulse signal to provide target position information for lightning monitoring, power system protection, environmental disaster prediction and other fields. The traditional pulse signal positioning device has the advantages of high technical maturity and low cost, but when facing the electromagnetic signals of instantaneous high voltage and high current discharge occurring at random distances in the scenes of lightning and power system partial discharge, there are three shortcomings: first, the electromagnetic sensitivity is high and the anti-damage ability is insufficient, which is easy to cause signal distortion and hardware damage in high-intensity electromagnetic interference or complex electromagnetic environment, and the existing protection means have limited effect and increase the system burden; second, the detection performance is limited, which is affected by the physical characteristics of electronic devices, and has the problems of low sensitivity, narrow working frequency band and low positioning accuracy, and the existing improvement means will increase the power consumption and calculation burden; third, the maintenance cost is high and the long-term stability is poor, which needs to rely on external reference source or regular calibration, and the problem is more prominent in harsh environment, and the long-term reliability of the automatic calibration circuit is also difficult to guarantee.

[0003] The patent application with the publication number CN115902771A discloses a wave source positioning device based on a Rydberg atom group array, which includes a detection laser, an alkali metal atom gas chamber, a coupling laser, an intrinsic antenna, a photodetector group, a calculation unit and the like. The detection sensitivity of the device is limited by array consistency, heterodyne signal strength dependence, environmental interference and array size. In the scene of extremely weak signals at a long distance, the dependence of the heterodyne method on signal strength limits the lower limit of weak signal detection, which makes it difficult to stably identify weak signals. At the same time, the array size limits the energy collection of weak signals at a long distance, which makes the phase difference or time difference of signals between array elements too small, and the difference of weak signals is covered by noise, so that the phase or time information required for positioning cannot be effectively extracted. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a pulse signal positioning device based on Rydberg atoms, which realizes the positioning of the pulse signal source through the Rydberg atom electromagnetic sensing photoelectric isolation and sensing separation measurement method, solves the problems that the traditional device is easy to cause signal distortion and hardware damage due to high electromagnetic sensitivity and insufficient anti-damage ability, and the existing protection means have limited effect and increase the system burden, and solves the technical problems of low sensitivity, narrow working frequency band and low positioning accuracy of the traditional device due to the limitation of the physical characteristics of electronic devices.

[0005] The technical scheme provided by the application is as follows:

[0006] A pulse signal positioning device based on Rydberg atoms, comprising a Rydberg atom preparation system, a plurality of Rydberg atom antennas, a data acquisition module, a signal processing module and a positioning module.

[0007] The Rydberg atom preparation system is used for frequency locking of probe light and coupling light output by a laser and outputting the frequency-locked probe light and coupling light; in the application, the probe light is locked by using saturated absorption spectrum to realize resonance transition of Rydberg atoms from a ground state to a first excited state; the coupling light is locked by using electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum to realize resonance transition of Rydberg atoms from the first excited state to a Rydberg state; and the locked probe light and coupling light are output to the plurality of Rydberg atom antennas.

[0008] The plurality of Rydberg atom antennas are in communication connection with the Rydberg atom preparation system; each Rydberg atom antenna receives the probe light and coupling light from the Rydberg atom preparation system to prepare Rydberg atoms, and after receiving an external pulse signal, generates an EIT transmission spectrum signal carrying pulse information and outputs the same; in the application, the Rydberg atom preparation system divides the frequency-locked probe light and coupling light into multiple paths and transmits them to the Rydberg atom antennas through optical fibers in a reverse direction; the pulse information carried by the probe light after passing through the Rydberg atoms is transmitted by a laser fiber and enters a photodetector to realize detection of the EIT signal.

[0009] The data acquisition module is connected with the plurality of Rydberg atom antennas respectively, and is used for pulse data acquisition of the EIT transmission spectrum signal and adding a time stamp, and outputting multiple original pulse sequence data; the data acquisition module in the application can acquire high-speed optical and electrical signals from the Rydberg atom antennas and store transmission time stamps.

[0010] The signal processing module is in communication connection with the data acquisition module, and is used for receiving and processing the multiple original pulse sequence data, performing waveform cross-correlation matching and time delay estimation on a voltage signal, and outputting multiple pulse sequence characteristics; the pulse sequence characteristics include pulse homologous information and pulse time delay information.

[0011] The positioning module is in communication connection with the signal processing module, and is used for calculating a position of a pulse signal source by using a time difference algorithm according to the received multiple pulse sequence characteristics.

[0012] Preferably, the Rydberg atom antennas are four, and each Rydberg atom antenna comprises:

[0013] The first atomic gas chamber is connected with the Rydberg atom preparation system and the photodetector through optical fibers respectively, and the probe light and the coupling light from the Rydberg atom preparation system are incident into the first atomic gas chamber, and the alkali metal atoms in the first atomic gas chamber are transitioned from the ground state to the Rydberg state; after the external pulse signal is incident into the atomic gas chamber, the EIT transmission spectrum signal carrying the pulse information is outputted.

[0014] The photodetector is connected with the first atomic gas chamber through the optical fiber, and is used for converting the EIT transmission spectrum signal carrying the pulse information into a voltage signal and outputting the voltage signal to the data acquisition module.

[0015] Preferably, the data acquisition module comprises:

[0016] The synchronous clock unit is in communication connection with the Rydberg atom preparation system and the plurality of Rydberg atom antennas respectively, and is used for clock synchronization of the Rydberg atom preparation system and the plurality of Rydberg atom antennas and providing nanosecond-level time synchronization accuracy, and adding a time stamp to the acquired data.

[0017] The data acquisition unit is in communication connection with the synchronous clock unit and the plurality of Rydberg atom antennas, and is used for pulse data acquisition of the received EIT transmission spectrum signal and output of original pulse sequence data.

[0018] Preferably, the signal processing module comprises:

[0019] The normalization processing unit is used for autocorrelation function normalization processing of the plurality of original pulse sequence data, and obtains a plurality of pulse sequences with uniform amplitude characteristics;

[0020] The sequence calculation unit is used for selecting two pulse sequences from the plurality of pulse sequences with uniform amplitude characteristics, shifting one of the two pulse sequences in the time dimension by a preset time offset to obtain a shifted pulse sequence; then multiplying the values of the two pulse sequences at corresponding time points, and adding all the product results in the effective time point range to obtain a cross-correlation coefficient value corresponding to the current preset time offset; repeating the above steps until the maximum range of the time delay search is traversed according to the current preset time offset, and a cross-correlation coefficient sequence of the two pulse sequences is obtained.

[0021] The signal confirmation unit is used for extracting the maximum correlation coefficient value in the cross-correlation coefficient sequence, and in the case that the maximum correlation coefficient value is greater than a set threshold, the two signal sequences belong to the same external pulse signal.

[0022] The pulse time delay calculation unit is used for taking the time offset corresponding to the maximum correlation coefficient as the pulse time delay of the two signal sequences corresponding to the same external pulse signal.

[0023] The signal processing module in the application reduces the time delay error to <0.5 ns through the cross-correlation matching algorithm, and improves the positioning accuracy from the traditional 100-meter level to the 10-meter level; at the same time, the error rate is reduced from 15% to <1%, and the normalization processing solves the problem of "homologous judgment error caused by signal amplitude difference" in the traditional equipment.

[0024] Preferably, the positioning module comprises:

[0025] The acquisition unit is configured to select any two Rydberg atom antennas from the plurality of Rydberg atom antennas as a group, and acquire positioning parameter information of each group of Rydberg atom antennas, the positioning parameter information comprising a coordinate difference and a pulse time delay of the two Rydberg atom antennas in a spatial Cartesian coordinate system.

[0026] The linear equation construction unit is configured to establish a linear equation of a position of the associated pulse signal source and a pulse occurrence time between the plurality of groups of Rydberg atom antennas according to the positioning parameter information.

[0027] The pulse positioning equation set construction unit is configured to establish a pulse positioning equation set of the plurality of Rydberg atom antennas according to the plurality of linear equations.

[0028] The calculation unit is configured to obtain the position of the pulse signal source and the pulse occurrence time in the positioning vector matrix by using a matrix inversion method.

[0029] Preferably, the linear equation is that a sum of a first product, a second product, a third product and a negative value of a fourth product is equal to a constant formed by the coordinate difference and the pulse arrival time of the two Rydberg atom antennas in the spatial Cartesian coordinate system.

[0030] The first product is a product of an X-axis coordinate value of the pulse signal source and an X-axis coordinate difference between the two Rydberg atom antennas in the group, the second product is a product of a Y-axis coordinate value of the pulse signal source and a Y-axis coordinate difference between the two Rydberg atom antennas in the group, the third product is a product of a Z-axis coordinate value of the pulse signal source and a Z-axis coordinate difference between the two Rydberg atom antennas in the group, and the fourth product is a fourth product of the square of the speed of light, the pulse occurrence time and the pulse time delay between the two Rydberg atom antennas.

[0031] The structure of the pulse positioning equation set is that a coefficient matrix multiplied by a positioning vector matrix is equal to a result vector matrix.

[0032] Wherein, the coefficient matrix includes pulse measurement characteristics of multiple rows of Rydberg atom antennas, each row includes a group of pulse measurement characteristics of two Rydberg atom antennas, and the pulse measurement characteristics include a coefficient composed of X-axis coordinate difference, Y-axis coordinate difference, Z-axis coordinate difference between the two Rydberg atom antennas in the group, and the speed of light; the positioning vector matrix includes the position of the pulse signal source and the pulse generation time; and the result vector matrix includes constants of multiple rows of Rydberg atom antennas, each row includes constants formed by the coordinates of a group of Rydberg atom antennas in the spatial Cartesian coordinate system and the pulse arrival time.

[0033] In the present application, the atomic gas chamber and the rear-end circuit transmit optical signals through optical fibers without electrical connection, realize photoelectric isolation, can withstand >100kV / m transient electromagnetic pulse, and the anti-damage ability is improved by more than 10 times. The Rydberg atom can cover the DC to THz frequency band by adjusting the transition energy level, and the missed detection rate is reduced from 20%-30% of the traditional to <1%, solving the problem of "wideband signal missed detection" of traditional equipment.

[0034] The Rydberg atom-based pulse signal positioning device provided by the present application, the Rydberg atom preparation system realizes electromagnetic field detection through optical excitation and quantum state control, and the sensing process completely depends on the interaction between light and atoms. Electromagnetic field only affects atomic state through non-contact method. The atomic gas chamber and the rear-end circuit transmit optical signals through optical fibers, thereby realizing photoelectric isolation. The path of direct coupling between electromagnetic field and electrical signal in traditional circuit is completely eliminated, and high-power electromagnetic pulse is prevented from damaging electronic devices through conduction or radiation. At the same time, the atomic gas chamber is only responsible for the quantumization capture of electromagnetic field information, and the photoelectric detector, the data acquisition module, the signal processing module and the positioning module operate independently. They are physically isolated and have no electrical connection. Even if the signal processing module is damaged, the atomic gas chamber can still maintain functional integrity, thereby realizing sensing separation.

[0035] The present application has the following advantages:

[0036] 1. The present application uses the unique photoelectric isolation and sensing-separation measurement method of Rydberg atom electromagnetic sensing to fundamentally avoid the direct coupling problem between the signal sensing unit and the processing unit in traditional pulse signal positioning equipment. It can effectively block the conduction path of electromagnetic interference in the equipment, so that it can still work stably in high-intensity electromagnetic interference or complex electromagnetic environment, has strong anti-electromagnetic damage ability, and solves the problems of signal distortion, hardware damage, and limited effect of existing protection measures which increase the system burden of traditional equipment due to high electromagnetic sensitivity and insufficient anti-damage ability.

[0037] 2. The present application utilizes the high sensitivity characteristics of Rydberg atoms beyond the classical limit and the wide working frequency band width characteristics, which can capture the long distance or low power pulse signals that traditional devices are difficult to detect, while effectively covering a wide frequency band signal and reducing the missed detection situation. On this basis, through the accurate capture and analysis of the signal, the detection range and detection efficiency of the pulse signal positioning device are further improved, and the error accumulation in the signal processing process is reduced, thereby significantly improving the positioning accuracy, breaking through the limitations of traditional devices due to the physical characteristics of electronic devices, such as low sensitivity, narrow working frequency band, low positioning accuracy, and the existing improvement methods increase power consumption and computational burden.

[0038] 3. The present application utilizes the self-calibration characteristics of Rydberg atoms that can be traced to physical constants, without relying on external reference sources or frequent manual calibration, to compensate for performance degradation caused by environmental changes, device aging and other factors. This not only simplifies the maintenance process of the device, but also significantly reduces the maintenance cost of the pulse signal positioning device, while ensuring the stability and task continuity of the device during long-term use, solving the problems of high maintenance cost and poor long-term stability of traditional devices. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a pulse signal positioning device based on Rydberg atoms according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a Rydberg atom antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a signal processing module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a positioning module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] In the drawings, 1 is a dichroic mirror, 2 is a first atomic gas chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order for those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor should be within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0045] As shown in the accompanying drawings Figure 1As shown, a kind of pulse signal positioning device based on Rydberg atom includes Rydberg atom preparation system, four Rydberg atom antennas, data acquisition module, signal processing module and positioning module.Four Rydberg atom antennas are connected with Rydberg atom preparation system, data acquisition module is connected with multiple Rydberg atom antennas respectively, signal processing module is connected with data acquisition module, and positioning module is connected with signal processing module.

[0046] Rydberg atom preparation system is used to frequency lock the probe light and coupling light output by laser and output the probe light and coupling light after frequency locking;In the embodiment, Rydberg atom preparation system includes two lasers, controller, second atomic cell and third atomic cell;Rydberg atom is irradiated by two specific wavelength lasers output by two lasers on cesium atom in second atomic cell, so that it is transitioned from ground state or low energy state to high energy state.Two specific wavelength lasers, one of which is preferably 852.35nm probe light in the embodiment, part of probe light is branched to second atomic cell by saturated absorption spectroscopy (SAS) technology, and the frequency of probe light is locked to the transition frequency of cesium atom ground state (6S 1 / 2 ) to first excited state (6P 3 / 2 ), the other of which is preferably coupling light with wavelength less than or equal to 509.53nm in the embodiment, part of coupling light is branched to third atomic cell by electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) technology, and the frequency of coupling light is locked to the transition frequency of cesium atom first excited state (6P 3 / 2 ) to Rydberg state (50D 5 / 2 ).Controller generates the required specific wavelength laser by adjusting the voltage of two lasers, and uses PID control algorithm to adjust the voltage of two lasers in real time, so as to lock the wavelength of laser output by laser and output the probe light and coupling light after frequency locking to four Rydberg atom antennas.

[0047] As shown in the accompanying Figure 2 Each Rydberg atom antenna includes first atomic cell 2 and photodetector, and first atomic cell is connected with Rydberg atom preparation system and photodetector by optical fiber;The 852.35nm probe light after frequency locking and 509.53nm coupling light reflected by dichroic mirror 1, which are emitted by Rydberg atom preparation system, are incident to first atomic cell 2 oppositely, wherein 852.35nm probe light excites cesium atom from ground state 6S 1 / 2 To first excited state 6P 3 / 2 , and 509.53nm coupling light further excites cesium atom from first excited state 6P 3 / 2The Rydberg state with a principal quantum number greater than 50 is jumped to; after the external pulse signal is incident to the first atomic gas chamber 2, the first atomic gas chamber 2 outputs the EIT transmission spectrum signal carrying the pulse information to the photoelectric detector, the external pulse signal in the embodiment is preferably a lightning pulse signal, and the alkali metal atoms in the first atomic gas chamber are preferably cesium atoms; the photoelectric detector converts the EIT transmission spectrum signal carrying the pulse information into a voltage signal and outputs the voltage signal to the data acquisition module.

[0048] The pulse signal positioning device based on Rydberg atoms, the Rydberg state preparation system and the Rydberg atom antenna provided by the embodiment of the application jump to the Rydberg state energy level with a high principal quantum number, so that the super-high sensitivity detection of the order of μV / cm is achieved, the sensitivity is improved, the detection distance of the equipment is increased by 3-5 times, meanwhile, the Rydberg atom energy level transition covers the DC to THz frequency band, different energy level transition paths can be selected to flexibly adapt to the wide-band signals from the static field to the microwave and the terahertz wave, the remote detection and the full-band coverage are realized, and thus the technical problems of the sensitivity and the frequency band limitation in the prior art are solved.

[0049] The data acquisition module performs pulse data acquisition on the voltage signal and adds a time stamp, and outputs the multi-path original pulse sequence data to the signal processing module; in the embodiment, the voltage signals from the four Rydberg atom antennas are collected and converted into original pulse sequence data, which are used as the original data input for subsequent processing and provide research objects for correlation matching and time delay estimation.

[0050] Since the distance between the Rydberg atom antennas for pulse positioning is tens of kilometers, when the same pulse reaches different Rydberg atom antennas, the waveform will be distorted due to the differences in the propagation distance, the dielectric parameters on the propagation path and the electromagnetic interference near the Rydberg atom antennas, and therefore the same pulse measured by each Rydberg atom antenna must be matched. In the embodiment, the waveform cross-correlation technology is used to compare and match the pulse signal waveforms received by the four Rydberg atom antennas, so as to determine whether the signals come from the same pulse discharge process and measure the pulse time delay.

[0051] Specifically, the signal processing module receives and processes the multi-path original pulse sequence data, performs waveform cross-correlation matching and time delay estimation on the voltage signal, extracts and outputs the multi-path pulse sequence features, and the pulse sequence features include pulse homologous information and pulse time delay information; preferably, the signal processing module in the embodiment includes a normalization processing unit, a sequence calculation unit, a sequence calculation unit, a signal confirmation unit and a pulse time delay calculation unit which are sequentially connected in communication.

[0052] The normalization processing unit performs autocorrelation function normalization on the acquired multiple original pulse sequence data to obtain multiple pulse sequences with uniform amplitude characteristics. In this embodiment, the purpose of normalization processing is to eliminate the interference caused by amplitude differences between different sequences, unify the data scale, and make subsequent correlation calculations more comparable and accurate.

[0053] The sequence calculation unit arbitrarily selects two pulse sequences from multiple signal sequences with uniform amplitude characteristics. and One of the pulse sequences is shifted along the time dimension by a preset time offset τ to obtain the shifted pulse sequence. ; Calculation by sampling point and Product of corresponding sampling points Here, k iterates through the entire range of valid sampling points in the sequence, summing all the product results within the range of k to obtain the value corresponding to the preset time offset τ. When the preset time offset τ has been traversed...

[0054] After considering all possible values, we obtain the complete cross-correlation coefficient sequence of the two pulse sequences. These results can then be used to determine whether the pulse signals between different Rydberg atomic antennas originate from the same source, and to determine the corresponding time delays, etc.

[0055] The signal confirmation unit extracts the maximum correlation coefficient value from the cross-correlation coefficient sequence. When the maximum correlation coefficient value is greater than a set threshold, the two signal sequences belong to the same external pulse signal; preferably, the set threshold is generally taken as 0.85~0.9.

[0056] The pulse delay calculation unit uses the time offset corresponding to the maximum correlation coefficient as the pulse delay of two signal sequences corresponding to the same external pulse signal. Preferably, in this embodiment, when the signals are determined to be from the same source, the cross-correlation delay corresponding to the maximum correlation coefficient will be generated. As the pulse delay between the two Rydberg atomic antennas This study determines the time delay of the same pulse signal propagating between different Rydberg atomic antennas, providing key parameters for applications such as pulse positioning.

[0057] Using the above method, pulse delay information and whether they are from the same source can be obtained between any two of the four Rydberg atomic antennas.

[0058] The positioning module calculates the location of the pulse signal source using a time-difference algorithm based on the characteristics of the received multi-channel pulse sequence. Preferably, the positioning module in this embodiment includes an acquisition unit, a linear equation construction unit, a pulse positioning equation system construction unit, and a calculation unit that are sequentially connected in communication.

[0059] The acquisition unit selects two Rydberg atomic antennas from the four Rydberg antennas as a group and acquires the positioning parameter information of this group of Rydberg atomic antennas. The positioning parameter information includes the coordinate difference and pulse delay of the two Rydberg atomic antennas in the Cartesian coordinate system. The coordinate difference includes the X-axis coordinate difference between the two Rydberg atomic antennas. Y-axis coordinate difference and Z-axis coordinate difference And set the coordinates of the pulse signal source location as The pulse generation time is set to The speed of light is .

[0060] The linear equation construction unit establishes linear equations relating the positions of the pulse signal sources and the pulse occurrence times among the four sets of Rydberg atomic antennas based on the positioning parameter information; in this embodiment, these linear equations are as follows:

[0061] Group 1: That is, the first product Second product Third product With the fourth product The sum of the negative values ​​equals the constant formed by the two Rydberg atomic antennas with respect to their coordinates in the Cartesian coordinate system and the pulse arrival time. ;in, r is the distance between the Rydberg atomic antenna and the pulse signal source, and i, k, m, and n are the serial numbers of the four Rydberg atomic antennas.

[0062] Group 2: That is, the first product Second product Third product With the fourth product The sum of the negative values ​​equals the constant formed by the two Rydberg atomic antennas with respect to their coordinates in the Cartesian coordinate system and the pulse arrival time. ,in, .

[0063] Group 3: First product Second product Third product With the fourth product The sum of the negative values ​​equals the constant formed by the two Rydberg atomic antennas with respect to their coordinates in the Cartesian coordinate system and the pulse arrival time. ,in, .

[0064] Group 4: First product Second product Third product With the fourth product The sum of the negative values ​​equals the constant formed by the two Rydberg atomic antennas with respect to their coordinates in the Cartesian coordinate system and the pulse arrival time. ,in, .

[0065] The pulse positioning equation construction unit is used to establish the pulse positioning equation set for the Rydberg atomic antenna based on the above four sets of linear equations. The structure of the pulse positioning equation set is that the coefficient matrix A multiplied by the positioning vector matrix X equals the result vector matrix B. In this embodiment, the pulse positioning equation set is as follows:

[0066] ,

[0067] The coefficient matrix comprises pulse measurement characteristics of four rows of Rydberg atomic antennas. Each row represents a group of pulse measurement characteristics of Rydberg atomic antennas. These characteristics include coefficients consisting of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis coordinate differences between two Rydberg atomic antennas within the group, as well as the pulse delay and speed of light between the two antennas. For example, the coefficient matrix is... , , as well as , This refers to the Rydberg atomic antenna serial number. , , , The difference in X-axis coordinates between the two Rydberg atomic antennas. , , , The difference in Y-axis coordinates between the two Rydberg atomic antennas. , , , The difference in Z-axis coordinates between the two Rydberg atomic antennas. , , , The coefficient is a combination of the speed of light and the pulse delay.

[0068] The positioning vector matrix includes the location of the pulse signal source and the pulse occurrence time. In this embodiment, the positioning vector matrix is: The coordinates of the pulse signal source location to be solved. and pulse occurrence time .

[0069] The resulting vector matrix comprises four rows of constants for the Rydberg atomic antennas. Each row includes a set of constants formed by the coordinates of the Rydberg atomic antennas in the Cartesian coordinate system and the pulse arrival time. In this embodiment, the resulting vector matrix is... ,in, , , as well as It is a constant formed by the coordinate position of the Rydberg atomic antenna and the pulse arrival time.

[0070] The calculation unit is used to obtain the position coordinates of the pulse signal source within the positioning vector matrix using matrix inversion. and pulse occurrence time .

[0071] In an electromagnetic shielding laboratory simulating an open space, simulation experiments were conducted. The pulse signal positioning device described in this embodiment of the invention was compared with traditional equipment to test parameters such as signal detection success rate, minimum detectable electric field strength, and maximum detection distance. The traditional equipment uses a metal antenna and semiconductor amplifier for pulse signal positioning. The pulse signal source outputs a pulse width of 10 ns, a repetition frequency of 1 kHz, and an electric field strength of 0.1 μV / m to 100 μV / m, continuously adjustable. The signal detection success rate is (number of pulse signals detected / total number of transmissions) × 100%. The minimum detectable electric field strength is the lowest signal strength when the detection success rate is ≥90%. The maximum detection distance is the farthest distance with a fixed signal strength and a detection success rate ≥90%. The specific experimental results are as follows:

[0072] Experimental project Device of the present application Detection success rate Traditional equipment Detection success rate Promotion multiple / amplitude Minimum detectable electric field intensity 0.35 μV / m 93% 5 μV / m 92.5% About 16.9 times (sensitivity promotion) Detection success rate when signal intensity is 0.5 μV / m 96% / 12% A large number of missed detection Promotion of 84 percentage points Maximum detection distance when signal intensity is 5 μV / m 50 km 93.5% 10 km 91% Promotion of 4.3 times Maximum detection distance when signal intensity is 10 μV / m 80 km 93.4% 15 km 93% Promotion of 4.5 times

[0073] Simulations show that traditional devices rely on semiconductor devices, which are limited by electronic noise and device response thresholds, typically limiting the minimum detectable electric field strength to ≥5μV / m. In contrast, the energy level transitions of Rydberg atoms in this invention exhibit quantum-level responses to pulsed electric field changes, with a theoretical sensitivity reaching 10-1. -12 V / mHz 1 / 2 By leveraging the EIT spectral signal amplification effect, the minimum detectable electric field strength is reduced to 0.3μV / m, enabling stable capture of weak pulse signals and solving the technical problem of missed detection of weak signals at long distances by traditional equipment.

[0074] When a pulse signal propagates in space, its intensity decreases with distance. Traditional devices, due to insufficient sensitivity, have a maximum detection distance of only 10km for a 5μV / m signal. The device of this invention, with its high sensitivity, extends the detection distance to 50km under the same signal intensity, and can still stably detect a 10μV / m signal at 80km with a success rate of 94%. The coverage is increased by more than 4 times, which can effectively eliminate the "monitoring blind spot" caused by the limited detection range of traditional devices.

[0075] For weak signals of 0.5μV / m, which is close to 1 / 10 of the detection threshold of traditional equipment, the detection success rate of traditional equipment is only 12% due to the superposition of electronic noise, resulting in serious missed detections. However, the device of this invention uses the quantization of electric field by Rydberg atoms and combines it with optical fiber transmission to reduce signal loss, improving the signal-to-noise ratio by 10-20dB and achieving a detection success rate of 95%. This ensures the effective identification of long-distance, low-power pulse signals such as early partial discharge signals in power systems and long-distance lightning leader signals.

[0076] The pulse signal positioning device based on Rydberg atoms described in this invention, by leveraging the ultra-high sensitivity of Rydberg atoms and combining optical signal transmission and quantum state manipulation technology, significantly outperforms traditional devices in three aspects: minimum detectable electric field strength, maximum detection distance, and weak signal detection stability. The detection sensitivity is increased by approximately 16.7 times, and the detection range is expanded by more than 4 times. This effectively solves the technical bottleneck of "low sensitivity and limited detection range" in traditional pulse signal positioning devices, and is particularly suitable for pulse signal positioning needs in long-distance, weak signal scenarios.

[0077] Meanwhile, through opto-isolation and sensing separation, the embodiments of the present invention can withstand transient electromagnetic pulses exceeding 100 kV / m, making them suitable for nuclear electromagnetic pulse or high-power microwave scenarios. This effectively improves the resistance to electromagnetic damage, and the optical signal transmission avoids the noise and interference introduced by traditional cables, increasing the signal-to-noise ratio by 10-20 dB, thereby effectively enhancing signal fidelity and solving the technical problems of insufficient electromagnetic sensitivity and damage resistance in the prior art.

Claims

1. A Rydberg atom based pulsed signal locating device, characterized in that, The application relates to a system for detecting an external pulse signal source, comprising the following parts: a Rydberg atom preparation system for frequency locking of probe light and coupling light output by a laser and output of the frequency-locked probe light and coupling light; a plurality of Rydberg atom antennas, each of which is in communication connection with the Rydberg atom preparation system; each Rydberg atom antenna receives the probe light and coupling light from the Rydberg atom preparation system to prepare Rydberg atoms, and generates an EIT transmission spectrum signal carrying pulse information and outputs the EIT transmission spectrum signal after receiving an external pulse signal; a data acquisition module, which is connected with the plurality of Rydberg atom antennas respectively, and is used for pulse data acquisition of the EIT transmission spectrum signal and addition of a time stamp, and outputs a plurality of original pulse sequence data; a signal processing module, which is in communication connection with the data acquisition module, and is used for receiving and processing the plurality of original pulse sequence data, performing waveform cross-correlation matching and time delay estimation on a voltage signal, and outputting a plurality of pulse sequence features, wherein the pulse sequence features include pulse homologous information and pulse time delay information; a positioning module, which is in communication connection with the signal processing module, and is used for calculating a position of a pulse signal source by using a time difference algorithm according to the received plurality of pulse sequence features; the signal processing module comprises: a normalization processing unit, which is used for autocorrelation function normalization processing of the acquired plurality of original pulse sequence data, so as to obtain a plurality of pulse sequences with uniform amplitude characteristics; a sequence calculation unit, which is used for selecting two pulse sequences from the plurality of pulse sequences with uniform amplitude characteristics, shifting one of the two pulse sequences in a time dimension by a preset time offset to obtain a shifted pulse sequence; then multiplying values of corresponding time points of the two pulse sequences, and adding all the product results in a valid time point range to obtain a cross-correlation coefficient value corresponding to the current preset time offset; repeating the above steps until the maximum range of the time delay search is traversed according to the current preset time offset, so as to obtain a cross-correlation coefficient sequence of the two pulse sequences; a signal confirmation unit, which is used for extracting a maximum correlation coefficient value in the cross-correlation coefficient sequence, and determining that the two signal sequences belong to the same external pulse signal when the maximum correlation coefficient value is greater than a set threshold value; a pulse time delay calculation unit, which is used for taking the time offset corresponding to the maximum correlation coefficient as a pulse time delay of the two signal sequences corresponding to the same external pulse signal.

2. The Rydberg atom-based pulsed signal locator device of claim 1, wherein: The Rydberg atom antenna is four, and each Rydberg atom antenna comprises: an atomic cell, which is connected with the Rydberg atom preparation system and a photodetector through optical fibers, the probe light and the coupling light from the Rydberg atom preparation system are incident to the atomic cell, and alkali metal atoms in the atomic cell are transitioned from a ground state to a Rydberg state; after the external pulse signal is incident to the atomic cell, the EIT transmission spectrum signal carrying the pulse information is output; a photodetector, which is connected with the atomic cell through an optical fiber, and is used for converting the EIT transmission spectrum signal carrying the pulse information into a voltage signal and outputting the voltage signal to the data acquisition module.

3. The Rydberg atom-based pulsed signal locator of claim 2, wherein: the data acquisition module comprises: A synchronous clock unit, which is respectively connected with the Rydberg atom preparation system and the plurality of Rydberg atom antennas, is used for clock synchronization of the Rydberg atom preparation system and the plurality of Rydberg atom antennas, and adding time stamps to the collected data; A data acquisition unit, which is connected with the synchronous clock unit and the plurality of Rydberg atom antennas, is used for pulse data acquisition of the received EIT transmission spectrum signal and output of original pulse sequence data.

4. The Rydberg atom-based pulsed signal locator apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The positioning module comprises: An acquisition unit is configured to select any two Rydberg atom antennas from the plurality of Rydberg atom antennas as a group, and acquire positioning parameter information of each group of Rydberg atom antennas, wherein the positioning parameter information comprises a coordinate difference and a pulse time delay of the two Rydberg atom antennas in a spatial Cartesian coordinate system; A linear equation construction unit is configured to construct, according to the positioning parameter information, a linear equation of a position of an associated pulse signal source and a pulse generation time instant between the plurality of groups of Rydberg atom antennas; A pulse positioning equation set construction unit is configured to construct, according to the plurality of linear equations, a pulse positioning equation set of the plurality of Rydberg atom antennas; A calculation unit is configured to obtain, by using a matrix inversion method, the position of the pulse signal source and the pulse generation time instant in a positioning vector matrix.

5. The Rydberg atom-based pulse signal positioning device according to claim 4, wherein the linear equation is a sum of a first product, a second product, a third product and a negative value of a fourth product, and the sum is equal to a constant formed by the coordinates of the two Rydberg atom antennas in the spatial Cartesian coordinate system and the pulse arrival time instant; wherein the first product is a product of an X-axis coordinate value of the pulse signal source and an X-axis coordinate difference between the two Rydberg atom antennas in the group, the second product is a product of a Y-axis coordinate value of the pulse signal source and a Y-axis coordinate difference between the two Rydberg atom antennas in the group, the third product is a product of a Z-axis coordinate value of the pulse signal source and a Z-axis coordinate difference between the two Rydberg atom antennas in the group, and the fourth product is a fourth product of the square of the speed of light, the pulse generation time instant and the pulse time delay between the two Rydberg atom antennas; a structure of the pulse positioning equation set is that a coefficient matrix multiplied by a positioning vector matrix is equal to a result vector matrix; wherein the coefficient matrix comprises pulse measurement characteristics of the plurality of Rydberg atom antennas, each row of the coefficient matrix comprises pulse measurement characteristics of a group of Rydberg atom antennas, the pulse measurement characteristics comprise coefficients composed of an X-axis coordinate difference, a Y-axis coordinate difference, a Z-axis coordinate difference between the two Rydberg atom antennas in the group, a pulse time delay between the two Rydberg atom antennas in the group and the speed of light, the positioning vector matrix comprises the position of the pulse signal source and the pulse generation time instant, and the result vector matrix comprises constants of the plurality of Rydberg atom antennas, each row of the result vector matrix comprises a constant formed by the coordinates of the two Rydberg atom antennas in the spatial Cartesian coordinate system and the pulse arrival time instant.

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