Reconfigurable modular intelligent battery system and control method

Abstract

The invention provides a reconfigurable modularized intelligent battery system and a control method, the system comprises a plurality of battery modules which are electrically connected with one another, each battery module comprises a battery unit, the battery unit comprises at least one battery monomer and at least three groups of switch networks which are formed by back-to-back MOSFETs and are electrically connected with the battery monomers, the control modules are respectively used for controlling the connection between the single batteries and positive and negative buses and the short circuit of bypasses; the sampling unit is used for collecting state parameters of the single batteries; the control unit is used for monitoring state parameters and executing switch control and topology reconstruction control logic; the driving unit is used for driving the grid electrode of the MOSFET; a plurality of battery modules are stacked through the board-to-board connector to form the battery pack, and the battery pack dynamically adjusts the connection relationship among the battery monomers according to the state parameters in the operation process. According to the scheme, through modular design and intelligent control, dynamic adjustment of the connection topology of the single batteries is realized, and the safety, the equalization efficiency and the maintainability of the battery pack are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of battery management and energy storage technology, and more specifically, to a reconfigurable modular smart battery system and control method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, lithium-ion batteries are widely used in large-scale energy storage and electric transportation. Traditional battery packs typically employ fixed series and parallel connection topologies to meet required operating voltages and capacities. This design has some inherent drawbacks: First, inconsistencies in parameters between cells lead to uneven charging and discharging. Existing technologies typically employ passive balancing (such as resistive discharge) or active balancing (such as using a DC-DC converter to transfer energy between cells) to mitigate this, but the former wastes energy while the latter increases system complexity and cost. Second, in a fixed topology, if a cell fails (e.g., increased internal resistance, capacity decay, or failure), the performance and safety of the entire battery pack are affected, and it is difficult to isolate the faulty cell without interrupting operation. Traditional battery management systems lack the ability to reconfigure battery connections during operation, and cannot adjust the series and parallel connections of cells according to real-time status or demand. This limits the battery pack's safety, maintenance convenience, and performance optimization. In recent years, modular reconfigurable battery systems have attracted attention, and some solutions attempt to achieve dynamic cell reconfiguration by adding switching devices to improve balancing efficiency and fault tolerance. However, existing solutions are often complex in structure, costly, or lack independent intelligent control at the module level, making them difficult to promote and apply in actual products. Therefore, a new technical solution is urgently needed to solve the above problems and achieve dynamic topology reconfiguration, active balancing, and fault-tolerant operation of battery packs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, such as low battery pack balancing efficiency, poor fault tolerance and maintenance difficulties, and to provide a reconfigurable modular intelligent battery system and control method. The system achieves dynamic adjustment of the battery cell connection topology through modular design and intelligent control, thereby improving the safety, balancing efficiency and maintainability of the battery pack.

[0004] This invention provides a reconfigurable modular smart battery system, comprising multiple interconnected battery modules, wherein each battery module includes: A battery cell, comprising at least one battery cell and at least three sets of back-to-back MOSFETs electrically connected to the battery cell, for controlling the connection of the battery cell to the positive and negative buses and the short-circuiting of the bypass; A sampling unit, electrically connected to the battery cell, is used to collect the state parameters of the battery cell. The control unit is electrically connected to the sampling unit and is used to monitor the state parameters collected by the sampling unit, and to execute switch control and topology reconstruction control logic based on the monitoring results. A driving unit, electrically connected to the control unit, is used to drive the gate of the MOSFET under the control of the control unit to manage the switching state; Multiple battery modules are stacked to form a battery pack via board-to-board connectors. During operation, the battery pack dynamically adjusts the connection relationship between each battery cell according to the state parameters.

[0005] Furthermore, during operation, each control unit of the battery pack dynamically adjusts the series / parallel connection relationship between each battery cell according to each state parameter.

[0006] Furthermore, any one of the control units in the battery pack is a main control unit, and the remaining control units are auxiliary control units.

[0007] Furthermore, each of the control units in the battery pack shares its respective state parameters.

[0008] Furthermore, the state parameters include voltage, current, and temperature.

[0009] Furthermore, the sampling unit includes a voltage sampling circuit for voltage sampling, a sampling resistor or current sensor for current sampling, and a temperature sensor for temperature sampling. The voltage sampling circuit employs a resistor divider network.

[0010] Furthermore, the control unit is used to perform switching control and topology reconfiguration control logic when the voltage of the battery cell is higher than the maximum voltage threshold, or lower than the minimum voltage threshold, or the temperature exceeds the temperature threshold, or there is a voltage change, a current change, or a surge in internal resistance.

[0011] Furthermore, the driving unit employs an isolation gate driving circuit.

[0012] Furthermore, the system also includes an indicator unit electrically connected to the control unit for indicating the operating status of the battery module.

[0013] This invention also provides a control method for a reconfigurable modular smart battery system, applicable to any of the reconfigurable modular smart battery systems described above, the method comprising: In the active balancing mode, each control unit adjusts the state parameters of each battery cell through dynamic topology adjustment. In the fault isolation working mode, the battery module corresponding to the battery cell that is detected as faulty by the control unit achieves self-isolation through switch control. In low-load or idle maintenance mode, by selecting any of the battery modules as the target module and decoupling it from the adjacent battery modules, the control unit of the target module controls the target module itself or with the help of the adjacent battery modules to apply a test current to the target cell of the target module, so as to realize the health detection of the battery modules one by one.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The beneficial effects of the reconfigurable modular smart battery system provided by this invention are as follows: (1) Module-level dynamic topology control: The system adopts a modular architecture, which integrates a switching network and a control unit in each battery module. It can flexibly reconfigure the connection topology of the battery cells as needed, and realize the dynamic switching between series and parallel modes of the battery cells. This allows the battery pack to adjust the output voltage or capacity during operation to meet the optimization requirements under different operating conditions, and provides greater flexibility for cell balancing and maintenance.

[0015] (2) High-efficiency active balancing: By dynamically connecting specific battery cells in parallel, this system can directly transfer charge between cells to achieve active balancing. Compared with traditional solutions that use energy-consuming components or additional converters, direct parallel balancing reduces energy loss and improves balancing speed. When a cell has a low charge, the system can temporarily connect it in parallel with a neighboring cell with a higher charge to quickly level out the difference in charge.

[0016] (3) Fault tolerance and bypass capability: Each battery module of the system can independently isolate a faulty battery cell. When an overvoltage, undervoltage, overheating, or failure of a battery cell is detected, the control unit will quickly disconnect the series switch between the cell and the adjacent cell and close the bypass switch, allowing the current to bypass the faulty battery cell and continue to flow. This bypass fault isolation mechanism ensures that the battery pack can still operate reliably when a battery cell fails, avoiding the paralysis of the entire battery pack due to a single point of failure.

[0017] (4) Safety and Maintainability: Since each battery module is an independent intelligent unit, this system greatly improves the system's safety management capabilities compared to traditional reconfigurable battery systems. The battery modules monitor the status of their corresponding individual battery cells in real time, immediately taking isolation measures and reporting faults in case of anomalies to prevent the spread of faults. Furthermore, the modular design facilitates maintenance; replacing a faulty cell does not require disassembling the entire battery pack, only the faulty battery module needs to be removed and replaced. Users can also flexibly increase or decrease the number of battery modules to expand or adjust the battery pack specifications as needed, making maintenance and capacity expansion even simpler.

[0018] (5) Parameter identification capability: The system also allows for online parameter identification of individual battery cells. By dynamically reconfiguring the topology, a cell can be temporarily decoupled from the main circuit and a test signal (such as a small current discharge / charge) can be applied separately to measure its open-circuit voltage, internal resistance, and other parameters. This online identification helps to accurately assess the state of health (SOH) of the cell, thereby guiding equalization control and maintenance strategies.

[0019] (6) High system integration: The system integrates switching, electrical measurement, and control functions into the battery module, realizing distributed battery management. Each battery module can work independently or coordinate with the upper management system through the communication interface to realize distributed BMS functions. This architecture reduces the dependence of centralized BMS on complex sampling harnesses and improves the reliability and scalability of the system.

[0020] In summary, this system, through its ingenious modular structure design and control strategy, significantly improves the battery pack's balancing efficiency, safety, and fault tolerance, and has broad application prospects.

[0021] The present invention also provides a reconfigurable modular intelligent battery system control method. This reconfigurable modular intelligent battery system control method is implemented through the aforementioned reconfigurable modular intelligent battery system. Since this reconfigurable modular intelligent battery system control method incorporates the technical solution of the aforementioned reconfigurable modular intelligent battery system, it has corresponding technical effects. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the circuit architecture of a reconfigurable modular smart battery system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 The circuit diagram shows the driving circuit of a reconfigurable modular smart battery system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1: Please see Figure 1The diagram shows a circuit architecture schematic of a reconfigurable modular intelligent battery system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. This system can dynamically reconfigure the series / parallel connection topology of individual battery cells as needed, and is applicable to energy storage systems, electric vehicles, drones, and other fields, falling under the category of battery management systems (BMS) and power battery pack structural design technology. Specifically, the system includes multiple interconnected battery modules, each comprising: The battery cell includes at least one battery cell for use as a basic energy storage unit, and at least three sets of switching networks consisting of back-to-back MOSFETs electrically connected to the battery cell, which are used to control the connection of the battery cell to the positive and negative buses and the short circuit of the bypass, so as to realize the function of controlling the connection state of the battery cell. The sampling unit, electrically connected to the battery cell, is used to collect the state parameters of the battery cell. The control unit is electrically connected to the sampling unit and is used to monitor the state parameters collected by the sampling unit and to execute switch control and topology reconfiguration control logic based on the monitoring results. The drive unit, electrically connected to the control unit, is used to drive the gate of the MOSFET under the control of the control unit to manage the switching state; An indicator unit, electrically connected to the control unit, is used to indicate the operating status of the battery module. Multiple battery modules are stacked together to form a battery pack through board-to-board connectors. During operation, the battery pack dynamically adjusts the connection relationship between individual battery cells according to various state parameters. The state parameters include voltage, current, and temperature.

[0025] In one optional embodiment, any control unit in the battery pack is a master control unit, and the remaining control units are auxiliary control units.

[0026] In another alternative embodiment, the control units in the battery pack share their respective state parameters.

[0027] Specifically, the battery cells can be 21700 or 18650 type lithium-ion cells; the sampling unit includes a voltage sampling circuit for voltage sampling, a sampling resistor or current sensor for current sampling, and a temperature sensor for temperature sampling. The voltage sampling circuit uses a resistor divider network; the control unit is usually composed of a microcontroller (MCU) to manage the state of the battery module and execute the topology reconfiguration control algorithm. In this way, when the voltage of a battery cell is higher than the maximum voltage threshold, lower than the minimum voltage threshold, or the temperature exceeds the temperature threshold, or there is a voltage change, current change, or internal resistance surge, the drive unit executes switch control and topology reconfiguration control logic. The drive unit uses an isolation gate drive circuit to drive the MOSFET switch to turn on and off to reconfigure the electrical connection of the battery module; the indicator unit can be an LED indicator; during operation, each control unit of the battery pack dynamically adjusts the series / parallel connection relationship between the battery cells according to various state parameters.

[0028] In this embodiment, the battery modules are mechanically and electrically connected via board-to-board connectors, and the output terminals of the battery modules can be stacked to form the positive and negative buses of the battery pack. By controlling the switching combinations of the MOSFET switches in each battery module, the battery pack can dynamically adjust the series or parallel connection relationship of each battery cell during operation, realizing a variety of advanced functions including active balancing, bypass and fault isolation, and parameter identification.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the battery module of the system includes a single battery cell, three back-to-back MOSFET switches, a control unit, a drive unit, a sampling unit, and LED indicators.

[0030] The battery cell can be a lithium-ion battery with a nominal voltage of 3.7V, such as a 21700 or 18650 cylindrical cell. Its positive and negative terminals are connected to the corresponding terminals of adjacent battery modules through a switching network. Three MOSFET switches (switch 1, switch 2, and switch 3) are configured as back-to-back series N-channel power MOSFET pairs to achieve bidirectional current switching control. Two of the switches (e.g., switch 1 and switch 3) are connected between the positive and negative terminals of the battery cell and the interface of the external circuit, respectively, to control the connection and disconnection of the cell with the positive / negative busbars of the battery pack. The third switch (e.g., switch 2) is connected across the positive and negative terminals of the battery cell. When switch 2 is closed and switches 1 and 3 are open, the battery cell is bypassed and short-circuited, so that the current does not pass through the cell but is conducted through switch 2. The combined control of these three switches allows the battery module to switch between several states: normal series connection (switches 1 and 3 are closed, switch 2 is open, and the battery cell is connected to the series circuit), bypass isolation (switches 1 and 3 are open, switch 2 is closed, and the battery cell is removed from the circuit), and parallel balancing (in specific cases, cells from adjacent battery modules are connected in parallel, achieved through coordinated control between multiple modules). The use of back-to-back MOSFETs avoids the unidirectional conduction problem of a single MOSFET body diode, ensuring that no leakage current occurs regardless of the current direction in the off state, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the control. The MOSFET devices preferably have low on-resistance and sufficient voltage / current ratings to meet the requirements of power battery applications.

[0031] The control unit typically consists of a high-performance, low-power microcontroller (MCU), such as a single-chip microcontroller based on an ARM Cortex core. Using the negative terminal of each battery cell as a reference ground, the control unit acquires analog quantities such as voltage, current, and temperature from the sampling unit via an internal ADC channel, and controls the drive unit through digital I / O ports to manage the states of MOSFET switches 1, 2, and 3. Each control unit stores battery management algorithms, including equalization control, fault detection and protection, and parameter estimation. When it detects that the voltage of a battery cell in its own battery module is above or below a threshold, the temperature exceeds the limit, or an anomaly occurs (anomalies include, but are not limited to, voltage surges, current surges, and resistance surges; voltage surges, current surges, and resistance surges refer to voltage / current / resistance changing by a preset value within a preset time), the control unit executes corresponding control measures, such as adjusting the switching states of its own battery module and adjacent battery modules for equalization or isolation, and reports the status information to the host battery management system or other battery modules via a communication interface. The control unit can also receive instructions from the host system (such as equalization startup, mode switching, etc.) to maintain consistency with the overall battery pack management strategy. Communication between battery modules or between other battery modules and the main battery module can be achieved through wired or wireless digital communication methods, such as CAN bus, SPI bus, or serial UART cascade, to realize consistent and coordinated control of the entire battery pack.

[0032] The drive unit is used to drive the gates of three MOSFET switches: switch 1, switch 2, and switch 3. Because the potentials of the terminals of the battery module relative to the reference ground of the control unit may be inconsistent (especially when a single battery cell is connected to a high-voltage series link, its positive terminal potential will rise relative to the reference ground of the battery module), the drive unit employs an isolated gate drive circuit (e.g., Figure 2(As shown). Preferably, the drive unit includes two stages: a digital isolation interface and a gate driver. The first stage is a digital input buffer / isolation circuit that performs level conversion and anti-interference processing on the control signals of the control unit. For example, a Schmitt trigger buffer (such as SN74LVC1G17) can be used to debounc and shape the PWM or switching signals output by the MCU, and then transmitted to the gate driver chip via a high-speed digital isolator or optocoupler. The second stage is a gate driver chip (such as the UCC23513 isolated gate driver), whose primary side is powered by a 5V logic power supply, and whose secondary side directly drives the MOSFET gate. The secondary side of the gate driver has an independent isolated power supply, for example, providing a bias voltage of about 15V (provided by the isolated DC-DC converter in the module) to ensure that the MOSFET is fully turned on. The drive unit also includes a network of gate resistors, capacitors, and diodes for controlling the switching speed and suppressing voltage overshoot. For example, a resistor of an appropriate value is connected in series with the gate of each MOSFET (to limit the turn-on and turn-off speed), such as around 10Ω. The switching speed is tens of nanoseconds. The larger the resistor, the slower the corresponding switching speed. A fast deload diode is connected in parallel (to accelerate the discharge of gate charge during turn-off). Through the design of the above drive unit, the control unit can safely and efficiently control the conduction and turn-off of each MOSFET, ensuring stable operation of the switch even under high dV / dt switching transient conditions.

[0033] The sampling unit is used to acquire key state parameters of individual battery cells, including voltage, current, and temperature. The voltage sampling circuit can employ a high-resistance resistor divider network to reduce the voltage across the battery cell to a range suitable for ADC measurement (0-5V), and then filter it before sending it to the ADC channel of the control unit. Current sampling can be achieved by placing a precision sampling resistor in the series circuit of the battery module and measuring its voltage drop. The ADC of the control unit reads this small voltage and calculates the current value based on the known resistance value. To reduce losses, the resistance of this sampling resistor is very small; if necessary, an operational amplifier circuit can be used to improve measurement accuracy. Another current detection method is to use a Hall current sensor to achieve isolated current measurement. For temperature sampling, a temperature sensor, such as a thermistor (NTC), is installed on or inside the battery cell. The thermistor forms a voltage divider with a fixed resistor, and the control unit calculates the battery temperature by measuring this voltage divider value. The data acquired by the sampling unit, after appropriate filtering and calibration, is used by the control unit for state monitoring and control decisions. For example, when the temperature is too high, a cooling or power reduction strategy is triggered; when the voltage is unbalanced, an equalization action is triggered. Key components in the sampling unit circuit should be selected as high-precision, low-temperature-drift devices to ensure the reliability and accuracy of monitoring.

[0034] The LED indicator lights, controlled by the control unit via GPIO, indicate the operating status of the battery module. Multi-color LEDs can be used to represent different information; for example, green indicates normal operation or balancing completed, yellow indicates balancing in progress, and red indicates a fault warning. The control unit can flash or illuminate the corresponding colored LEDs according to preset logic, providing intuitive status prompts and facilitating maintenance personnel's assessment of the battery pack's operating status at the module level. The LED indicator circuit is simple and reliable; for example, it can be directly driven by the MCU after connecting a current-limiting resistor in series. When the battery module is in sleep or standby mode, the control unit can also turn off the indicator lights to reduce power consumption.

[0035] Multiple battery modules are cascaded via board-to-board connectors to form a complete battery pack. These board-to-board connectors not only transmit electrical energy (by connecting the individual battery cells in series to form the total voltage) but also provide signal connections for communication and coordinated control between the modules. In a typical embodiment, the control units of each battery module are connected via a daisy-chain communication bus. A master control unit (which can be the top-level battery module control unit or an independent BMS master) can be set up in the entire battery pack to coordinate the operation of each subordinate battery module. For example, the master control unit can periodically collect data such as voltage and temperature of each battery module cell, run balancing and diagnostic algorithms, and issue balancing or topology reconfiguration commands to each battery module. In another embodiment, the battery modules can also adopt a decentralized control strategy: each battery module shares necessary state information, and each battery module autonomously decides the opening and closing of its own switches to achieve global balancing and fault tolerance. Under either control method, the modular architecture of the system can achieve collaborative operation to ensure optimal battery pack performance and operational safety.

[0036] In implementing this system, the selection of components and connection methods for each battery module can be optimized according to application requirements. For example, MOSFET switches can be automotive-grade devices with a withstand voltage of 100V and an on-resistance of less than a few milliohms to reduce series losses and meet the high-voltage requirements of multiple modules connected in series. The MCU of the control unit can be selected as an 8-bit or 32-bit microcontroller depending on the functional complexity, and each battery module can be equipped with an independent circuit breaker (such as a fuse or fast circuit breaker) as a redundancy safety measure. Board-to-board connectors should be selected with high reliability and high current specifications, and the mating life should be ensured to support modular maintenance. For communication, module addresses or IDs can be set for identification and management, and redundant communication links can be introduced to enhance reliability if necessary.

[0037] In summary, as can be seen from the above description of the embodiments, the reconfigurable modular intelligent battery system provided in this embodiment integrates units such as switch matrices, sensors, and controls within the battery module, thereby achieving on-demand dynamic reconfiguration of the battery pack topology. This improves the efficiency of cell consistency management and system fault tolerance while also ensuring safety and ease of maintenance.

[0038] Those skilled in the art will understand that modifications and adjustments can be made to the specific circuit and algorithm details without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these modifications and adjustments are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example 2: This invention also provides a control method for a reconfigurable modular smart battery system, applied to the reconfigurable modular smart battery system described in Example 1, the method comprising: In the active balancing mode, each control unit adjusts the state parameters of each battery cell through dynamic topology adjustment. In the fault isolation working mode, the battery module corresponding to the battery cell that is detected as faulty by the control unit achieves self-isolation through switch control; In low-load or idle maintenance mode, by selecting any battery module as the target module and decoupling it from the adjacent battery modules, the control unit of the target module controls the target module itself or with the help of the adjacent battery modules to apply a test current to the target cell of the target module, so as to realize the health test of each battery module.

[0040] In a specific embodiment, under active balancing mode, the system balances the state of each cell through dynamic topology adjustment. For example, suppose the cell voltage of battery module A in a series-connected battery pack is low while the cell voltage of the adjacent battery module B is high. The control unit can temporarily connect the cells of battery modules A and B in parallel: the switch on the side where A and B were originally connected in series is disconnected, allowing the positive and negative terminals of the two cells to be directly connected in parallel for a period of time, thereby transferring some of the charge from B to A. During the parallel connection, other switches of the two battery modules cooperate to isolate the parallel branch from the main circuit, avoiding affecting the output of the entire battery pack. After the charge transfer is completed, the original series connection is restored. Through multiple short-term parallel operations of this kind, the difference in state of charge between cells can be gradually leveled out, achieving efficient active balancing. The active balancing function is particularly useful when the battery pack is in the late stages of charging or discharging, as it can maintain overall consistency within a safe range and prevent the usable capacity of the entire battery pack from being limited by overcharging or over-discharging of individual cells.

[0041] In fault isolation mode, if a battery module detects a serious fault in one of its individual cells (such as an internal short circuit, voltage drop, or rapid temperature rise), the module will immediately self-isolate: the control unit will immediately shut off switches 1 and 3 connected to the adjacent battery modules above and below, and close bypass switch 2, allowing current to bypass the faulty cell via switch 2. In this way, the cell of the faulty battery module no longer participates in circuit transmission, but current can continue to flow in the remaining series-connected battery modules through its internal bypass path, ensuring that the battery pack operation is not interrupted by a single point of failure. In bypass mode, the control unit will report the fault information to the main control unit via communication, or each control unit will share the fault information via communication. Maintenance personnel can then replace the faulty module without interrupting system operation. Thanks to this fault-tolerant operating mechanism, the battery pack of this invention can significantly improve operational reliability and safety.

[0042] Under low-load (load less than 5%, requiring only a small number of batteries to charge and discharge) or idle maintenance modes, health checks are performed on each battery module individually. This allows for parameter identification of individual battery cells through the dynamic reconfiguration capabilities of the system. Specifically, a battery module can be selected as the target module and decoupled from adjacent modules (by disconnecting series switches 1 and 3, temporarily removing it from the main battery pack circuit). The control unit then controls the target module itself or, with the help of adjacent modules, applies a test current to the target cell via a switching network. For example, the cell is subjected to a short-term constant-current discharge, and the voltage drop is recorded to estimate its internal resistance; or the change in its open-circuit voltage over resting time is measured to assess capacity and self-discharge level. After testing, the target module is reconnected to the main circuit. By testing each battery module in turn, key parameters of all cells can be obtained without disassembling the battery pack. This online parameter identification helps to promptly identify degraded cells and take preventative measures (such as early replacement or adjustment of balancing strategies), improving the maintenance efficiency of the battery pack.

[0043] Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

Claims

1. A reconfigurable modular smart battery system, characterized in that, The battery module includes multiple interconnected battery modules, each comprising: A battery cell, comprising at least one battery cell and at least three sets of back-to-back MOSFETs electrically connected to the battery cell, for controlling the connection of the battery cell to the positive and negative buses and the short-circuiting of the bypass; A sampling unit, electrically connected to the battery cell, is used to collect the state parameters of the battery cell. The control unit is electrically connected to the sampling unit and is used to monitor the state parameters collected by the sampling unit, and to execute switch control and topology reconstruction control logic based on the monitoring results. A driving unit, electrically connected to the control unit, is used to drive the gate of the MOSFET under the control of the control unit to manage the switching state; Multiple battery modules are stacked to form a battery pack via board-to-board connectors. During operation, the battery pack dynamically adjusts the connection relationship between each battery cell according to the state parameters.

2. The reconfigurable modular intelligent battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, During operation, each control unit of the battery pack dynamically adjusts the series / parallel connection relationship between each battery cell according to the state parameters.

3. The reconfigurable modular intelligent battery system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Any one of the control units in the battery pack is a main control unit, and the other control units are auxiliary control units.

4. The reconfigurable modular smart battery system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the control units in the battery pack shares its own state parameters.

5. The reconfigurable modular smart battery system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The state parameters include voltage, current, and temperature.

6. The reconfigurable modular smart battery system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sampling unit includes a voltage sampling circuit for voltage sampling, a sampling resistor or current sensor for current sampling, and a temperature sensor for temperature sampling. The voltage sampling circuit employs a resistor divider network.

7. The reconfigurable modular smart battery system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control unit is used to perform switching control and topology reconfiguration control logic when the voltage of the battery cell is higher than the maximum voltage threshold, lower than the minimum voltage threshold, or the temperature exceeds the temperature threshold, or there is a voltage change, a current change, or a surge in internal resistance.

8. The reconfigurable modular smart battery system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The driving unit employs an isolation barrier driving circuit.

9. The reconfigurable modular smart battery system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The system also includes an indicator unit, which is electrically connected to the control unit and is used to indicate the operating status of the battery module.

10. A control method for a reconfigurable modular intelligent battery system, applied to the reconfigurable modular intelligent battery system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The method comprises: In the active balancing mode, each control unit adjusts the state parameters of each battery cell through dynamic topology adjustment. In the fault isolation working mode, the battery module corresponding to the battery cell that is detected as faulty by the control unit achieves self-isolation through switch control. In low-load or idle maintenance mode, by selecting any of the battery modules as the target module and decoupling it from the adjacent battery modules, the control unit of the target module controls the target module itself or with the help of the adjacent battery modules to apply a test current to the target cell of the target module, so as to realize the health detection of the battery modules one by one.

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