Jet nozzle with powder unit and process gas unit

Abstract

The invention relates to a jet nozzle (1) for laser deposition welding in a feed direction (2), comprising: a light channel (3) for guiding at least one laser beam, said at least one laser beam being guided to a workpiece; a powder unit (7) arranged radially outside the light channel (3) for directing at least one powder jet to be applied to the workpiece, the powder unit (7) forming a powder section (11) around the light channel (3) in the circumferential direction; and a process gas unit (60) arranged radially outside the light channel (3) for guiding a process gas, the process gas unit (60) forming a process gas section (61) in the circumferential direction, the process gas section (61) joining to the powder section (11) in the circumferential direction at the nozzle opening (6).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a jet nozzle for laser deposition welding along the feed direction. Background Technology

[0002] Laser deposition welding is used, for example, in the fields of repair, coating, and / or joining techniques. A distinction can be made between conventional laser deposition welding techniques (laser metal deposition (LMD), direct metal deposition (DMD), or direct energy deposition (DED)) and high-speed laser deposition welding (HS-LMD) or ultra-high-speed laser application (EHLA)). The HS-LMD method is described, for example, in published patent applications DE 102011 100 456A and DE 10 2018 130 798 A1. Another method for laser deposition welding is known from Chinese patent application CN 109175372 A.

[0003] Functional layers can be applied to workpieces using laser deposition welding. This typically increases the load-bearing capacity of workpieces treated with laser deposition welding compared to untreated workpieces. Functional layers can be used, for example, as wear protection layers. The application of the functional layer is based on the melting of the workpiece surface, the application of powdered filler material, and subsequent cooling, resulting in a material-locked connection between the matrix structure containing hard material particles and the material surface. Therefore, laser deposition welding engages with and alters the internal material structure of the workpiece. In some cases, this may result in defects in the internal material structure. These defects may impair the desired increase in load-bearing capacity. Defects may be microscopic in nature, thus requiring considerable effort to identify. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on known prior art, the object of this invention is to provide an improved jet nozzle for laser deposition welding along the feed direction. The invention particularly aims to improve the weld quality of the deposited functional layer and the entire workpiece, and to reduce or avoid defects in the weld joint between the powdered filler material and the material surface. Defects can be bonding defects between the material surface and the applied functional layer, or between individual applied functional layers. Defects can also be pores, i.e., cavitation, appearing within the applied functional layer or between the applied functional layer and the material surface. Pores may occur more frequently, especially when the material surface is a cast material. Defects can also be cracks, particularly extending vertically to the material surface, within the applied functional layer. Defects can also be caused by the dissolution of powder particles, particularly carbides, of the powdered filler material in the matrix material, leading to brittleness of the matrix material. The invention also particularly aims to provide a reliable jet nozzle resistant to thermal stress. The invention also aims to design the jet nozzle to ensure reliable and accurate laser deposition welding over extremely high cycle counts.

[0005] This objective is achieved by a jet nozzle having the features of claim 1. Advantageous progress is obtained according to the dependent claims, the description, and the drawings.

[0006] Therefore, a jet nozzle for laser deposition welding along the feed direction is proposed, the jet nozzle having an optical channel for guiding at least one laser beam to the workpiece. Laser deposition welding can be a method for high-speed laser deposition welding (HS-LMD). The feed direction is the direction in which the jet nozzle moves relative to the workpiece. The feed direction can be caused by: movement of the workpiece, particularly rotational movement; movement of the nozzle; or a superposition of both movements. During processing, the feed direction and associated feed movement can be constant. Alternatively, they can be changed with the corresponding processing stage. The workpiece can be a rotationally symmetric workpiece, such as a brake disc, hydraulic cylinder, pressure roller, or sliding bearing. The laser beam can irradiate through the optical channel. The laser beam can be provided by a laser source, which is guided from the laser source to a laser system via an optical fiber cable. The laser system splits the laser beam via a collimating lens and focuses it according to the processing via laser optics before it enters the jet nozzle. The optical channel can be a hollow channel extending longitudinally through the entire jet nozzle. In addition to the laser beam, the processing gas can also be guided to the workpiece surface through the optical channel.

[0007] The jet nozzle also includes a powder unit radially arranged outside the optical channel for guiding at least one powder jet to be applied to the workpiece, wherein the powder unit forms a powder section around the optical channel in the circumferential direction. Starting from the longitudinal direction of the jet nozzle, the powder unit can be radially outside the optical channel and can be part of an external structure that surrounds the optical channel in a closed manner. The powder jet can guide a powdered filler material composed of hard material particles, particularly carbides and matrix materials. The powder unit can be a portion of the jet nozzle configured to directly or indirectly guide the powdered filler material. The powder unit can have an ejector guide into which a powder ejector can be inserted. The powder unit can also have an annular gap within which the powdered filler material is guided. At the nozzle orifice, the powder unit forms a powder section around the optical channel in the circumferential direction. The powder unit can be part of the nozzle orifice. The nozzle orifice is the workpiece-facing portion of the jet nozzle. The end section of the nozzle orifice has a distal region. This distal region is the portion of the nozzle orifice closest to the workpiece. In the section away from the workpiece, the jet nozzle has a proximal region and a flange section. The proximal region and flange section are the parts of the jet nozzle that are away from the workpiece. The nozzle can be coupled to other components of the laser system, such as laser optics or processing units, via the flange section. In a top view, the powder section can extend at least segmentally along the opening of the optical channel.

[0008] The jet nozzle also includes a processing gas unit arranged radially outside the optical channel for guiding the processing gas, wherein the processing gas unit forms a processing gas section in the circumferential direction. Starting from the longitudinal direction of the jet nozzle, the processing gas unit can be radially outside the optical channel and can be a component of the external structure surrounding the optical channel in a closed manner. The processing gas can actively influence powder caustics and the resulting workpiece machining. The processing gas unit can be part of the jet nozzle arrangement for directly or indirectly guiding the processing gas. The processing gas unit can have an ejector guide device into which an additional ejector can be inserted. The processing gas unit can also have an annular gap within which the processing gas is guided. At the nozzle orifice, the processing gas unit forms a processing gas section in the circumferential direction around the optical channel. The processing gas unit can be part of the nozzle orifice. In a top view, the processing gas section can extend at least segmentally along the opening of the optical channel. The processing gas section can be part of the processing gas unit from which the processing gas is ejected from the jet nozzle.

[0009] The process gas section connects circumferentially to the powder section at the nozzle orifice. This means the process gas section is directly adjacent to the powder section circumferentially. This allows the process gas to have a stabilizing effect on powder caustics and continuous laser deposition welding. The process gas section can be attached to the powder section in such a circumferential transition that the inner portion is separated from the outer portion by the process gas section and the powder section. This separation allows for minimal fluid exchange between the inner and outer portions. This helps stabilize the processing zone and simultaneously prevents powder particles from adhering to the end face of the jet nozzle, thereby increasing the lifespan of the jet nozzle.

[0010] Therefore, jet nozzles can provide increased variability in the following aspects: (i) laser beam guidance; (ii) the use of powdered filler materials; (iii) thermal management; and (iv) protection of the laser system including the jet nozzle. The jet nozzle enables the provision of multiple independent processing zones with high precision. The processing zones can be divided into zones for laser deposition welding and zones for pretreatment and / or post-treatment. In the zone for laser deposition welding, at least one laser beam interacts with the powdered filler material. Pretreatment and / or post-treatment can be cleaning the material surface, preheating the material surface before applying the powdered filler material, post-heating the material surface after the powdered filler material has been applied, or a combination thereof. During pretreatment and / or post-treatment, the laser beam can strike the workpiece without interacting with the powdered filler material. Independent processing zones can improve weld quality and thus increase the load-bearing capacity of the applied functional layer, particularly the wear protection layer, and the entire workpiece. Additional processing gases can stabilize the processing zones and improve the precision of laser deposition welding and the lifespan of the jet nozzle.

[0011] In particular, jet nozzles can reduce the occurrence of bonding defects. This is because bonding defects can occur if the surface heated by the laser beam, such as the workpiece or a previously welded functional layer, is not sufficiently heated. This insufficient heating may be caused by keeping the laser power of the individual laser beam low to avoid overheating the powdered filler material. Due to the increased variability in laser beam guidance, the increased variability in the application of powdered filler material, and / or the increased variability in the thermal management of the jet nozzle, bonding defects can be reduced or even prevented. This is achieved in particular by stabilizing laser beam guidance and / or powder caustics through a processing gas section arranged circumferentially adjacent to the powder section.

[0012] In particular, jet nozzles can also reduce the occurrence of pores between the functional layer of the weld and the surface heated by the laser beam. This is because pores can occur when sheet-like parts, especially graphite sheets, in the workpiece are vaporized by laser radiation. Pores can also occur if the surface to be processed has impurities, such as oil, grease, cooling lubricants, or oxides, that cannot be completely removed by the welding process. Undesirable vaporization of impurities may be caused by setting the laser power of the individual laser beam too high to avoid joint defects due to insufficient heating. Due to the increased variability of laser beam guidance, the increased variability of the application of powdered filler material, and / or the increased variability of the thermal management of the jet nozzle, the occurrence of pores can be reduced or even prevented, particularly by stabilizing the laser beam guidance and / or powder caustics by a processing gas section arranged circumferentially adjacent to the powder section.

[0013] In particular, jet nozzles can also reduce the occurrence of cracks in the functional layers of the weld. This is because cracks can occur if the temperature gradient between the highly heated powdered filler material and the workpiece surface with lower heating intensity is so strong that material shrinkage during cooling causes stresses that lead to cracking. Crack formation can be caused by setting the laser power of a single laser beam too high, which could lead to joint defects due to insufficient heating. Due to the increased variability in laser beam guidance, the increased variability in the application of powdered filler material, and / or the increased variability in the thermal management of the jet nozzle, the occurrence of cracks can be reduced or even prevented. This is achieved in particular by stabilizing the laser beam guidance and / or powder caustics through a processing gas section arranged circumferentially adjacent to the powder section.

[0014] In particular, jet nozzles can also reduce the dissolution of hard material particles, especially carbides, in the matrix material. The powdered filler material can contain hard material particles, particularly carbides, and the matrix material. The hard material particles should be present in the welded functional layer without dissolution to improve its load-bearing capacity. However, if the powdered filler material is exposed to excessively high radiation intensity, causing the hard material particles to melt, they may dissolve. Due to the low ductility of the matrix material, the dissolved hard material particles make the welded functional layer brittle, meaning that when the workpiece cools or is loaded, stresses, such as those caused by shrinkage, cannot be absorbed by the matrix material. The dissolution of hard material particles can be reduced or even prevented due to the increased variability of laser beam guidance, the increased variability of powdered filler material application, and / or the increased variability of jet nozzle thermal management. This is achieved, in particular, by stabilizing laser beam guidance and / or powder caustics through a processing gas section arranged circumferentially adjacent to the powder section.

[0015] Specifically, the jet nozzle prevents powder particles from adhering to the nozzle orifice. In principle, high processing heat, reflected laser radiation, and / or metal vapor plumes can cause filler material to adhere to or even weld to the nozzle orifice, potentially disrupting gas and powder flow and subsequently impairing the processing results. Metal vapor plumes result from partial vaporization of material caused by laser deposition welding. This can cause scattering and / or absorption of laser radiation, and thus impair workpiece preheating. This can further promote the formation of joint defects. Due to the increased variability in laser beam guidance, the increased variability in the application of powdered filler material, and / or the increased variability in the thermal management of the jet nozzle, undesirable dissolution of hard material particles and the propagation of metal vapor plumes can be reduced or even prevented. This is achieved, in particular, by stabilizing laser beam guidance and / or powder caustics through a processing gas section arranged circumferentially adjacent to the powder section.

[0016] At least one laser beam, particularly at least one circular and / or elliptical laser beam, can be guided within the nozzle orifice to form more than one treatment zone that interacts with the powdered filler material. This promotes welding behavior, reduces weld defects, particularly joint defects, pores, cracks, and / or the dissolution of carbides in the base material, and enhances the load-bearing capacity of the applied functional layer. The treatment zones can be specifically influenced by providing a treatment gas unit. On the one hand, this prevents powder particles from adhering to or even welding to the nozzle orifice. On the other hand, the propagation of the vapor plume can be prevented by confining the vapor plume within the area between the nozzle orifice and the workpiece, particularly within the powder section and the treatment gas section. Therefore, the treatment gas section helps reduce the aforementioned defects.

[0017] In one embodiment, the processing gas unit forms at least one outlet opening on the end face of the jet nozzle, from which the processing gas can be guided to the workpiece. An additional injector is arranged in one of the at least one outlet opening to supply the processing gas, rather than additional filler material. The outlet openings can be designed on the end face to minimize the surface area to which hard material particles can adhere. The processing gas guided from the outlet openings can be supported by processing gas guided within the optical channel. An additional injector can be arranged in each outlet opening. The additional injector is different from the injector in the injector guide device of the powder unit. The latter transports hard material particles to the workpiece surface, while the former transports the processing gas.

[0018] In one embodiment, the processed gas segment extends at least segmentally along an elongated aperture arc around the optical channel, particularly in an arc shape. Similar to a circular arc, an elongated aperture arc represents a fan-shaped line surrounding the elongated aperture. The remaining portion of the elongated aperture not covered by the elongated aperture arc can be filled by a powder segment extending along the elongated aperture arc. The processed gas segment can also extend at least partially along a partially circular segment, particularly a forward partially circular segment in the feed direction, to form an arc shape. This also helps stabilize laser beam guidance and / or powder caustics.

[0019] In one embodiment, the processing gas section extends circumferentially around the optical channel about its center, with an enclosing angle between 5° and 180°, particularly between 45° and 120°. This means the processing gas section can extend around the optical channel in a smaller segment than the powder section. This ensures a satisfactory powder supply through the powder unit and, in particular, the injectors arranged therein, while avoiding the adhesion or diffusion of vapor plumes. Precise adjustments of the powder section and the processing gas section for corresponding processing conditions enable defect-free and efficient welding behavior.

[0020] In one embodiment, the process gas section and the powder section together completely surround the optical channel in the circumferential direction, i.e., surround the optical channel 360°. Therefore, the jet ejected from the process gas section and the powder section can separate the internal portion formed inside the jet from the external portion formed outside the jet. In this way, the metal vapor plume generated by the interaction of powder particles with the laser beam, also known as the vapor plume, cannot escape from the internal portion, thus preventing undesirable interactions between the vapor plume and the workpiece.

[0021] In one embodiment, the processing gas unit has a supply opening through which processing gas can be supplied, and the processing gas unit has at least one outlet opening through which the processing gas exits. The supply opening may be coupled to a supply hose that guides the processing gas from a gas reservoir to a jet nozzle. The processing gas unit may have exactly one supply opening. At least one outlet opening is fluidly connected to the supply opening and has a shape that ensures the processing gas exits towards the workpiece surface in a manner consistent with the treatment. Between the supply opening and the at least one outlet opening, at least one distribution arm is provided to guide the processing gas. Additional injectors may be provided in the distribution arm and / or the outlet opening. Alternatively, the processing gas may exit directly from the distribution arm and / or the outlet opening.

[0022] In one embodiment, the processing gas unit has multiple outlet openings, particularly three outlet openings, each connected to a supply opening. Multiple outlet openings ensure circumferential distribution of the processing gas. Alternatively, arcuate outlet openings can be provided, which similarly ensure circumferential distribution of the processing gas. Multiple outlet openings help stabilize the vapor plume and prevent powder particles from adhering to the nozzle orifice.

[0023] In one embodiment, a processing gas section is formed in the region of the nozzle orifice facing the feed direction. In a top view, the region of the nozzle orifice facing the feed direction is located at the end of the nozzle near the feed direction. The end face of the processing gas section points towards the workpiece. The processing gas section can extend around the optical channel in the circumferential direction within a certain angular range. The angular range of the processing gas section's extension can be smaller than the angular range of the powder section's extension. The region in which the processing gas section is formed can be related to the position and orientation of the powder injector that applies the powdered filler material to the workpiece.

[0024] In one embodiment, the powder section has multiple injector guides into which powder injectors can be inserted respectively. The injector guides may be cylindrical or conical through-holes in the nozzle orifice region into which powder injectors can be inserted respectively. The injector guides can be introduced into the nozzle orifice by machining. However, preferably, the injector guides are already provided during the additive manufacturing stage of the jet nozzle. The injector guides are adaptable to the powder injectors to be used. The injector guides of the powder section are different from the distribution arms of the process gas section. The powder injectors are also different from the additional injectors for conveying process gas.

[0025] In one embodiment, the inner diameter of at least one outlet opening is smaller than the inner diameter of the injector guide device. The volumetric flow rate of the process gas can be influenced by the inner diameter of the at least one outlet opening. The gas flow rate of the process gas through the at least one outlet opening can be in the range of 1 l / min to 100 l / min, particularly in the range of 5 l / min to 50 l / min. The gas flow rate of the conveying gas exiting from the powder injector in the injector guide device can be substantially equal to the gas flow rate of the process gas exiting from the at least one outlet opening. In addition to the outlet opening, the process gas can also exit from the optical channel. The gas flow rates of the conveying gas and the process gas can also be weighed relative to each other. For example, the component of the conveying gas can be greater than the component of the process gas, or vice versa. The corresponding ratio of the process gas to the conveying gas can be adjusted according to the process.

[0026] In one embodiment, a first powder injector is configured to deliver a first powder mass stream and a second powder injector is configured to deliver a second powder mass stream, wherein the first powder mass stream is different from the second powder mass stream. The first powder injector may be disposed in a first powder section, and the second powder injector may be disposed in a second powder section. The first powder injector may be arranged to interact with the main beam of the laser beam. The second powder injector may be arranged to interact with a secondary beam of the laser beam. The main beam and the secondary beam may be the same as each other or transmit different energies. The arrangement of the first and second powder mass streams allows the jet nozzle to achieve more than one processing zone, which further contributes to the increased variability of the jet nozzle. The gas flow rate exiting from at least one outlet opening can be adjusted according to either the first or second powder mass stream.

[0027] In one embodiment, the powder section forms an annular gap section, particularly replacing the ejector guide. The annular gap section can form a uniform powder focus, which coincides, for example, with the center point of at least one laser beam. In the case of the annular gap section, powdered filler material is applied to the workpiece along a horseshoe-shaped jet.

[0028] In one embodiment, the optical channel is adapted to guide multiple laser beams, wherein the multiple laser beams have a first laser beam as a primary beam and a second laser beam as a secondary beam. The primary and secondary beams may originate from the same fiber optic cable. The provided laser light can be split into parallel beams via a collimating lens. For example, a beam cluster can be formed from a single laser beam using a wedge plate to create the primary and secondary beams. In this case, the primary and secondary beams may have the same wavelength and transmit the same energy. Alternatively, the primary and secondary beams may differ in their wavelength and energy. The respective center points of the primary and secondary beams may be offset linearly from the center point of the optical channel in the feed direction.

[0029] In one embodiment, the jet nozzle is manufactured using additive manufacturing methods, particularly powder bed melting. For this purpose, the jet nozzle can be made of copper or copper alloys, especially copper-chromium-zirconium alloys. This is suitable for additive manufacturing methods and ensures sufficient strength, thermal conductivity, and heat resistance to meet processing requirements. In powder bed melting, the material to be processed is in powder form. A laser beam heats the powder along a set geometry, liquefying the powder and bonding the materials together in a locked manner. For example, selective laser melting (SLM) or selective laser sintering (SLS) can be used to form powder bed melting.

[0030] In one embodiment, the nozzle orifice has a chamfer, through which a portion of the nozzle orifice is cut away. The chamfer is substantially planar and extends in a plane inclined relative to the longitudinal direction of the jet nozzle. The chamfer can cut away powder sections and powder-free feed sections or process gas sections around the optical channel in the circumferential direction. The chamfer reduces the volume of the nozzle orifice compared to an embodiment without a chamfer. This means the nozzle orifice occupies less installation space. A chamfered jet nozzle can, for example, be used to coat a brake disc having a receiving portion projecting axially from the functional surface to be coated. The chamfer ensures that the jet nozzle can move freely on the functional surface to be coated and can move closer to a retainer. The chamfer can extend in a passante manner over the elongated orifice in the distal region. The passante defines the orientation of the chamfer on the nozzle orifice. In the workpiece-facing end face of the jet nozzle, the passante extends along a straight line or arc that neither intersects nor contacts the elongated orifice. The distance of the passante from the center point of the optical channel is greater than the distance of the corresponding segment of the elongated orifice from the center point of the optical channel. The distance between the bypass and the outer edge of the elongated orifice is chosen such that the wall thickness in between ensures sufficient strength and load-bearing capacity of the jet nozzle.

[0031] In one embodiment, the jet nozzle is adapted to guide the laser beam along the longitudinal direction of the jet nozzle, such that at least one laser beam is orthogonal to the cross-sectional region. Furthermore, the optical channel may be adapted to guide protective gas along a radially outer section to protect the processing area.

[0032] The features of this disclosure contribute in part to itself and in part to overcome the defects of laser deposition welding mentioned at the outset. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Preferred further embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the jet nozzle during laser deposition welding is shown;

[0035] Figure 2 A side view of the jet nozzle is shown;

[0036] Figure 3 It shows Figure 2 A three-dimensional view of the jet nozzle in the image;

[0037] Figure 4 It shows the connection to other components. Figure 2 The jet nozzle in the middle;

[0038] Figure 5 It shows Figure 2 A top view of the distal region of the jet nozzle;

[0039] Figure 6 It shows Figure 2 A top view of the flange portion of the jet nozzle;

[0040] Figure 7 It shows Figure 2 Another perspective view of the jet nozzle in the image;

[0041] Figure 8 It shows Figure 2 A perspective cross-sectional view of the jet nozzle in the image;

[0042] Figure 9 A top view of the distal region of a jet nozzle having a gas processing unit is shown;

[0043] Figure 10 A top view of the distal region of a jet nozzle with a gas processing unit is shown, in which...

[0044] The powder focus corresponds to the focus of the main laser beam;

[0045] Figure 11 A perspective view of a jet nozzle with a gas processing unit is shown;

[0046] Figure 12 A side view of a jet nozzle with a gas processing unit is shown;

[0047] Figure 13 Another representation of a jet nozzle with a gas processing unit is shown;

[0048] Figure 14 A side view of another embodiment of a jet nozzle having a geometrically adapted nozzle orifice is shown; and

[0049] Figure 15 A top view of another embodiment of a jet nozzle having a nozzle orifice adapted to the geometry is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0050] Preferred exemplary embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this context, elements that are the same, similar, or have the same effect are given the same reference numerals in different figures, and in some instances, repeated descriptions of these elements are omitted to avoid redundancy.

[0051] Figure 1A jet nozzle 1 for laser deposition welding along a feed direction 2 is shown. The feed direction 2 is the direction in which the jet nozzle 1 moves relative to the workpiece 100. This feed direction can be caused by: movement of the workpiece 100, especially rotational movement; movement of the jet nozzle 1; or a superposition of the movements of the workpiece 100 and the jet nozzle 1. During processing, the feed direction 2 and the associated feed movement can be constant. Alternatively, they can be changed with the respective processing stage. The workpiece 100 can be a rotationally symmetric workpiece, such as a brake disc, hydraulic cylinder, pressure roller, or sliding bearing. At least one laser beam 110 exits from a light channel 3 having a side surface 4. The light channel 3 can also be adapted to guide a processing protective gas 150 along a radially outer segment to protect the processing area and prevent oxidation. The light channel 3 is surrounded by an outer structure 5 having a nozzle orifice 6, which in turn contains a powder unit 7. For example, the powder unit 7 can have multiple injector guides 19 (see...). Figure 3 A powder injector 16 (see) can be inserted into each of the plurality of injector guiding devices. Figure 4 As an alternative to a single injector guide device 19, the powder unit 7 may have a powder annular gap channel. Powdered filler material 120 is guided onto the workpiece 100 via the powder unit 7 and the powder injector 16 disposed within the powder unit. A laser beam 110 heats the workpiece 100, forming a molten pool 130 on the material surface. Additionally, the laser beam 110 heats the powdered filler material 120, which comprises hard material particles and a matrix material. For this purpose, the laser beam 110 may have a reduced intensity in its central portion. Once the molten pool 130 cools, a welded functional layer 140, such as a wear protection layer, is formed from the hard material particles and the matrix material. The welded functional layer 140 makes the material surface more durable and improves its load-bearing capacity.

[0052] Figure 2 The jet nozzle 1 is shown in a side view, with the feed direction 2 pointing out of the drawing plane. The jet nozzle 1 can be coupled to other components of the laser system, such as laser optics or processing adapters, via a flange section 9. A proximal region 10 is attached to the flange section 9. A coolant inlet 13 and a coolant outlet 14 are part of the cooling system of the jet nozzle 1 and protrude radially from the jet nozzle 1; the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet may be at least partially disposed in the proximal region 10. A distal region 8 is formed at the end of the jet nozzle 1 opposite to the proximal region 10. The distal region is part of a funnel-shaped nozzle orifice 6. This nozzle orifice has a powder section 11 segmentally arranged around the optical channel 3 in the circumferential direction, in which powder units 7 are arranged. A feed section 12 without powder units is circumferentially connected to the powder section 11. The feed section 12 can be configured as a processing gas section 61 (see, for example, see...). Figure 9 The gas processing section is a component of the gas processing unit 60.

[0053] Figure 3 It shows Figure 2 A perspective view of the jet nozzle. The optical channel 3 is a hollow channel with side surfaces 4, within which the at least one laser beam 110 extends. An external structure 5 surrounds the optical channel 3 from the flange section 9 to the distal region 10. The nozzle orifice 6 is a substantially funnel-shaped region of the jet nozzle 1. Furthermore, the funnel shape of the nozzle orifice 6 allows for the formation of multiple ejector guides 19 in the region of the powder unit 7. Powder ejector 16 (see...) Figure 4 The powder injectors 120 are respectively inserted into each of these injector guide devices 19, and the powder injectors guide the powdered filler material 120 onto at least one laser beam 110 and / or workpiece 100 according to the process. Powder units 7 extend along powder sections 11, and feed sections 12 without powder units are connected to these powder sections in the circumferential direction. Feed sections 12 are areas of nozzle orifices 6 where injector guide devices 19 are not provided, such that no powdered filler material 120 is supplied via these feed sections. In one embodiment, feed sections 12 can be shaped as process gas sections 61, through which process gas is supplied. The jet nozzle 1 can be manufactured by means of additive manufacturing methods, particularly by means of powder bed melting. For this purpose, the jet nozzle 1 can be made of a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy. This is suitable for additive manufacturing methods and ensures sufficient strength, thermal conductivity, and heat resistance to meet the processing requirements. In powder bed melting, the material to be processed is in powder form. A laser beam heats the powder along a provided geometry, thereby liquefying the powder and bonding the materials together in a locked manner. For example, selective laser melting (SLM) or selective laser sintering (SLS) can be used to form a powder bed melt.

[0054] Figure 4A jet nozzle 1 is shown, with additional components mounted on it. A coupling ring 15 engages with a flange section 9, securing the jet nozzle 1 to the engaged unit, such as a laser optics device or processing adapter. A powder injector 16 is inserted into an injector guide 19 of a powder unit 7. Powdered filler material 120 is conveyed by the powder injector 16 and applied to the workpiece 100 at a set focus. Each powder injector 16 can use a different powder focus relative to each other. Alternatively, the powder injectors 16 can be guided to the same focus. The powder injectors 16 are arranged in the injector guide 19 of the powder unit 7 in the powder section 11 for this purpose. There are no powder injectors 16 in the feed section 12. In addition, an inlet pipe 17 is inserted into the coolant inlet 13, and an outlet pipe 18 is inserted into the coolant outlet 14. These connections connect the coolant inlet 13 and the coolant outlet 14 to the coolant circuit.

[0055] Figure 5 The jet nozzle 1 is shown in a top view of the distal region 8. The cross-section of the optical channel 3, orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the jet nozzle 1, deviates from a circular shape and is elongated in the feed direction 2. In the distal region 8, the cross-section of the optical channel 3 is configured as an elongated aperture, wherein the two opposite ends of a rectangular segment are connected to a partially circular segment. Two laser beams, a primary beam 111 and a secondary beam 112, are guided within the optical channel 3. The primary beam 111 and the secondary beam 112 may originate from the same optical guide cable. The provided laser can be split into a parallel beam cluster via a collimator lens. For example, the beam cluster can be formed from a single laser beam using a wedge plate to create the primary beam 111 and the secondary beam 112. The respective center points of the primary beam 111 and the secondary beam 112 are located in a line offset relative to the center point 20 of the optical channel 3 in the feed direction 2.

[0056] In this example, the secondary beam 112 is positioned ahead of the primary beam 111 in feed direction 2 and does not interact with powder caustics. Therefore, the workpiece 100 can be preheated using the secondary beam 112 before the primary beam 111 and the powdered filler material 120 heated by the primary beam 111 strike the workpiece 100. Thus, the secondary beam 112 creates a first treatment zone for preheating the workpiece 100, while the primary beam 111 creates a second treatment zone for welding the powdered filler material 120 to the workpiece 100. These distinct treatment zones enable flawless welds free from defects, particularly joint defects, porosity, cracks, and / or dissolution of carbides in the base material. The secondary beam 112 can also be directed after the primary beam 111 in feed direction 2. Therefore, the secondary beam 112 can be used to reheat the workpiece 100, thereby contributing to more uniform cooling that helps prevent inclusions or other defects.

[0057] The primary beam 111 and the secondary beam 112 are arranged close to each other. The front circular section of the elongated aperture in the feed direction 2 is concentric with the secondary beam 112, while the rear circular section of the elongated aperture is concentric with the primary beam 111. The center point of the cross-section is eccentric relative to the center point of the primary beam 111 and with the center point of the secondary beam 112. A third beam can also be provided, such that, for example, the secondary beam is arranged before the primary beam in the feed direction and the third beam is arranged after the primary beam in the feed direction. The laser beams are guided without obstructing each other, resulting in exactly one optical channel 3 with exactly one side surface 4, thereby generating minimal heat loss.

[0058] because Figure 5 The main jet 111 is arranged without radial offset in the feed direction 2 after the secondary jet 112, and the secondary jet 112 is used to preheat the workpiece, so it is desirable that the powdered filler material does not interact with the secondary jet 112. This ensures, on the one hand, that the secondary jet 112 can only perform the function of preheating the workpiece, and on the other hand, that the powdered filler material is heated only by the main jet 111 and not by the secondary jet 112. This is achieved by the jet nozzle 1 shaping powder units 7 in the region of the nozzle orifice 6 such that the powder units form powder sections 11 around the optical channel 3 in the circumferential direction, and the feed section 12 without powder units connects to the powder sections in the circumferential direction. In addition to the powder units 7, a processing gas unit 60 can also be formed, which forms a processing gas section 61, in which case the feed section 12 is formed as the processing gas section 61. The feed section 12 is constructed in the region of the nozzle orifice 6 facing the feed direction 2. The powder section 11 extends along an elongated aperture forming the cross-section of the light channel 3 in the distal region 8. Similar to an arc, the powder section 11 extends around the light channel 3 along an elongated aperture arc, particularly a horseshoe-shaped elongated aperture arc. Therefore, the powder section 11 extends circumferentially around the light channel 3 with an enclosing angle (Umschlingungswinkel) about the center point of the light channel, which is less than 360°, particularly between 90° and 330°, and further particularly between 180° and 300°. This ensures that the powdered filler material flowing from the ejector 16 inserted into the ejector guide device 19 interacts only with the main beam 111. Therefore, the secondary beam 112 can form a processing area independent of the main beam 111. When viewed from above, the powder section 11 and the feed section 12 form an elongated aperture shape. This also helps to reduce or avoid defects initially identified.

[0059] Figure 6The jet nozzle 1 is shown in a top view of the flange section 9. The cross-section of the light channel 3, orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the jet nozzle 1, also deviates from a circular shape in the region of the flange section 9 and is elongated in the feed direction 2. The elongation of the cross-section can decrease from the distal region 8 to the flange section 9. In the region of the nozzle orifice 6, the cross-section can be elongated such that it is at least 1.5 times larger in the feed direction than transversely to the feed direction, and particularly at least twice as large transversely to the feed direction. The flange section 9 has such a radially extended dimension that the injector guide 19 is not visible in the top view of the proximal region 10.

[0060] Figure 7 The jet nozzle 1 is shown in a separate perspective view. The nozzle orifice 6 has a curved funnel shape. An ejector guide 19 is formed within a single curved surface into which the powder ejector 16 can be inserted. In the feed direction 2, the optical channel is elongated in a manner deviating from a circular shape to achieve the advantages according to this disclosure. The nozzle orifice 6 has a powder unit 7 surrounding the optical channel 3 in the circumferential direction. This powder unit extends in the circumferential direction around the optical channel 3 along a powder section 11 that connects to a powder-free feed section 12.

[0061] Figure 8 A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the jet nozzle 1 is shown. The light channel 3 has a tapered shape, such that the cross-section of the light channel 3 extending orthogonally to the longitudinal direction of the jet nozzle 1 is smaller in the distal region 8 than in the proximal region 10. The coolant inlet 13 and the coolant outlet 14 are arranged in the proximal region 10 of the jet nozzle 1 and protrude from the jet nozzle 1 in the radial direction. Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of the injector guide device 19 is shown. This injector guide device is arranged in the powder section 11. No injector guide device 19 for guiding the powder jet is provided in the feed section 12. The jet nozzle 1 has a cooling system 30. A cooling medium (e.g., water) is supplied back to the radially inner cooling chamber 31 via a coolant inlet 13 in the proximal region 10. The cooling medium can be distributed circumferentially around the light channel 3 in the proximal region 10. The cooling medium travels from the proximal region 10 to the nozzle orifice 6. The radially inner cooling chamber 31 is constructed at least in the nozzle orifice 6. The radially inner cooling chamber can extend from the distal region 8 to the proximal region 10 and is configured as an annular gap section extending around the light channel 3. In the region of the nozzle orifice 6, the radially inner cooling chamber 31 extends circumferentially around the light channel 3. The radially inner cooling chamber 31 has a constant width in the radial direction in the region of the nozzle orifice 6 and is concentric with the light channel 3 in a cross-section extending orthogonally to the longitudinal direction of the jet nozzle 1.

[0062] A transition section 32 between the radial inner cooling chamber 31 and the radial outer cooling chamber 33 is provided in the distal region 8. The radial outer cooling chamber 33 has a radial width that decreases toward the distal region 8 in the region of the nozzle orifice 6 in the radial direction. The radial outer cooling chamber 33 extends from the distal region 8 to the proximal region 10, and supplies heated coolant to the coolant outlet 14 in the proximal region. The transition section 32 between the radial inner cooling chamber 31 and the radial outer cooling chamber 33 is arranged in the feed section 12. The feed section 12 does not have an injector guide device 19 for guiding the powder beam jet, which means that there is sufficient installation space for the transition section 32.

[0063] The radially outer cooling chamber 33 has a cooling structure for increasing surface area. This cooling structure can be produced using additive manufacturing methods. The cooling structure ensures that the cooling medium contacts as many surfaces as possible as it returns from the distal region 8 to the proximal region 10 to promote heat dissipation. The cooling structure is optimized to minimize pressure loss of the cooling medium. This can be achieved through a honeycomb structure 34, such as... Figure 8 As shown in the diagram.

[0064] Figure 9 The jet nozzle 1 is shown in a top view of the distal region 8. A primary jet 111 and a secondary jet 112 are guided within the optical channel 3. The secondary jet 112 is ahead of the primary jet 111 in the feed direction 2 and does not interact with powder caustics, as per [reference to...]. Figure 5In more detail, when the laser beam interacts with the material surface and the powder jet, a vapor plume can form between the jet nozzle 1 and the workpiece 100. If this vapor plume is not controlled, it may interact undesirably with at least one laser beam and / or the untreated and / or treated material surfaces. Therefore, in the region adjacent to the powder section 11, the feed section 12 can be designed as a process gas section 61. This is formed by arranging a process gas unit 60 radially outside the optical channel 3, which guides the process gas to the workpiece. The process gas section 61 prevents the diffusion of undesirable vapor plumes and thus contributes to precise workpiece machining through a robust jet nozzle design. The process gas section 61 can form at least one, in this example, three, outlet openings 62. The outlet openings 62 are formed on the end face of the jet nozzle 1. Additional injectors for supplying process gas, rather than filler material, can be inserted into the respective outlet openings 62. The inner diameter of the outlet opening 62 can be smaller than the inner diameter of the injector guide 19. The processing gas section 61 also prevents powder particles from adhering to the end face of the jet nozzle 1. In this respect, the processing gas section 61 also increases the service life of the jet nozzle 1. The processing gas section 61 and the powder section 11 can be arranged circumferentially around the elongated aperture formed through the optical channel 3. Therefore, the main jet 111 and the secondary jet 112 are completely within the jet consisting of the powder jet and the processing gas jet.

[0065] The gas flow rate of the processing gas through outlet opening 62 can be in the range of 1 L / min to 100 L / min, particularly in the range of 5 L / min to 50 L / min. The gas flow rate of the transport gas exiting from ejector 16 or ejector guide device 19 can be substantially equal to the gas flow rate of the processing gas exiting from outlet opening 62. In addition to outlet opening 62, the processing gas can also exit from optical channel 3. The gas flow rates of the transport gas and the processing gas can also be gewiched relative to each other. For example, the component of the transport gas can be greater than the component of the processing gas, or vice versa. The corresponding ratio of processing gas to transport gas can be adjusted according to the processing requirements.

[0066] Figure 10 It shows Figure 9The view in the diagram shows an enveloping angle 26 along which the powder section 11 extends around the center point 20 of the optical channel 3. In this case, the enveloping angle 26 extends to 240°. In this case, the remaining 120° for completely enclosing the optical channel 3 is formed by the processing gas section 61. Thus, the powder jet and the processing gas jet completely enclose the optical channel 3. The powder ejector 16 or ejector guide 19 is designed such that the powder jet ejected therefrom is focused at the first powder focus 21. The main jet 111 has a beam center point that coincides with the first powder focus 21 and forms powder caustics. The main jet 111 and the secondary jet 112 are offset relative to each other in the feed direction 2. The secondary jet 112 does not interact with the powder caustics. The processing gas section 61 prevents the escape of the vapor plume and the adhesion of powder particles to the end side of the jet nozzle 1.

[0067] Figure 11 A perspective view of the jet nozzle 1 is shown. A supply opening 63 is provided in the processing gas section 60. The supply opening 63 is arranged in the region of the nozzle orifice 6 facing away from the workpiece. Processing gas is supplied to the processing gas section 60 via this supply opening. Starting from one supply opening 63, the processing gas can be guided to various outlet openings 62 by distribution arms 64 constructed within the processing gas section 60. The number of distribution arms 64 corresponds to the number of outlet openings 62. The distribution arms 64 extend along the nozzle orifice 6 within the processing gas unit 60 to distribute the processing gas from the supply opening 63 to the outlet openings 62. The distribution arms 64 can form multiple sections into which additional injectors can be inserted. These sections allow the processing gas to exit at an angle relative to the workpiece surface. The distribution arms 64 have this orientation so that the processing gas can be efficiently and in a manner suitable for processing on the workpiece surface.

[0068] Figure 12 A side view shows the jet nozzle 1, the workpiece 100, and the area therebetween. The powder unit 7 extends such that the powder jet can be guided from the powder section 11 of the nozzle orifice 6 onto the workpiece 100 in a processing manner. The powder unit 7 is immediately adjacent to the processing gas unit 60, which directs processing gas from the supply opening 63 via the distribution arm 64 to the outlet opening 62, such that the processing gas can be guided from the processing gas section 61 of the nozzle orifice 6 onto the workpiece in a processing manner. The interaction between the main jet 111, the powder jet, and the workpiece surface generates a first vapor plume 65. The interaction between the secondary jet 112 and the material surface generates a second vapor plume 66. The processing gas exits from the outlet opening 62 such that the first vapor plume 65 and the second vapor plume 66 do not radially depart from the extended region of the optical channel 3.

[0069] Figure 13 The jet nozzle 1 is shown in three different views. Figure 13 a) is a perspective view. In the region of the flange-facing section 9 of the nozzle orifice 6, a supply opening 63 is provided in the processing gas unit 60. This represents the central interface through which the processing gas is supplied to the nozzle orifice 6. Starting from the supply opening 63, the processing gas is distributed along a distribution arm 64, which distributes the processing gas from the supply opening 63 circumferentially around the optical channel 3. An exit opening 62 is located at the distal end of the distribution arm 64, through which the processing gas exits towards the workpiece. The exit opening 62 is part of the processing gas sections 61, and they extend in an arc around the optical channel 3 circumferentially. The powder sections 11 connect to the exit opening in a horseshoe shape. Therefore, in this example, the optical channel 3 is completely surrounded by the powder sections 11 and the processing gas sections 61, i.e., surrounded 360°.

[0070] Figure 13 b) is a cross-sectional view. A powder unit 7 is positioned in the rear region along the feed direction 2, comprising a powder section 11, and an injector guide 19 extends through this powder unit. The injector guide 19 is adapted to receive powder injectors 16. A processing gas unit 60 is positioned in the front region along the feed direction 2, comprising a processing gas section 61, and a distribution arm 64 extends through this processing gas unit. The distribution arm 64 can receive additional injectors. Alternatively, the processing gas is directly guided from the distribution arm 64 to the material surface. The distribution arm 64 has an arcuate shape along its longitudinal direction. The jet nozzle 1 has a cooling system 30, which has a radially inner cooling chamber 31 and a radially outer chamber 33. Since the feed section 12 is configured as a processing gas section, the radially outer cooling chamber 33 surrounds the distribution arm 24 in the front region of the nozzle orifice 6 along the feed direction 2. Therefore, the processing gas can contribute to the thermal management of the jet nozzle 1.

[0071] The jet nozzle 1 has an absorption section 40 on the side surface 4 of the optical channel 3 for receiving reflected radiation from the laser beam from the workpiece 100. The absorption section 40 may have a geometry favorable for receiving reflected radiation. The absorption section may extend variably around the optical channel 3 in the circumferential direction, and in particular, may be configured to extend over the entire circumference of the optical channel 3. The absorption section may also extend variably in the longitudinal direction of the optical channel 3. Specifically, instead of constructing the absorption section 40 in the distal side surface of the nozzle orifice 6, a smooth inner end section is constructed to better clean the interior of the nozzle orifice 6. The shape of the absorption section 40 may be adapted to the desired reflected radiation. The absorption section 40 may be formed of the same material as the rest of the jet nozzle. The absorption section may also have a coating. The laser radiation received by the absorption section 40 may be at least partially dissipated by the cooling system 30. The reflected radiation is received by the absorption section 40, such that the radiation component penetrating into other components of the laser system (e.g., laser optics) is reduced or eliminated. This improves processing reliability and laser beam accuracy. It also increases the lifespan of the jet nozzle 1 and the laser system. The improved performance of the jet nozzle 1 due to its absorptive surface enables welding operations free of the previously mentioned defects.

[0072] Figure 14 Another embodiment of the jet nozzle 1 is shown. The nozzle orifice 6 has a chamfer 50, through which a portion of the nozzle orifice 6 is cut off. The function of the chamfer 50 is to cut off the powder section 11 around the light channel 3 in the circumferential direction and selectively construct the feed section 12 of the processing gas unit 60 without the powder section. The chamfer 50 reduces the volume of the nozzle orifice 6 compared to the embodiment without the chamfer 50. This ensures that the nozzle orifice 6 occupies less installation space. For example, the jet nozzle 1 with the chamfer 50 can be used to coat a brake disc. The brake disc may have a receiving portion that protrudes axially from the functional surface to be coated. The chamfer 50 ensures that the jet nozzle 1 can move flexibly on the functional surface to be coated and can be moved close to the holder. The chamfer 50 can be substantially flat and extends in a plane inclined relative to the longitudinal direction of the jet nozzle. The chamfer 50 represents the boundary surface of the nozzle orifice 6 where the powder unit 7 is not provided. In the far region 8, the chamfer 50 is arranged close to the light channel 3, such that no ejector guide device 19 or additional ejector is provided on the workpiece-facing end face of the jet nozzle 1 in the region of the chamfer 50.

[0073] Figure 15A jet nozzle 1 with a chamfer 50 is shown in top view. The chamfer 50 can extend over the elongated orifice in the distal region 8 as a bypass 51. The bypass 51 defines the orientation of the chamfer 50 on the nozzle orifice 6. The bypass 51 extends along a straight line or an extended arc on the workpiece-facing end face of the jet nozzle 1, which does not cut through or contact the elongated orifice. The distance between the bypass 51 and the center point 20 of the optical channel 3 is greater than the distance between the corresponding segment of the elongated orifice and the center point 20 of the optical channel 3. The distance between the bypass 51 and the outer edge of the elongated orifice is chosen such that the wall thickness therebetween ensures sufficient strength and load-bearing capacity for the jet nozzle 1.

[0074] For different jet nozzles 1, the orientation of the bypass 51 and therefore the orientation of the chamfer 50 at the nozzle orifice 6 can be varied according to the respective application. For example, the bypass 51 can extend in the feed direction 2. In this case, the bypass 51 extends along the extension of the cross-sectional area of ​​the light channel 3. Therefore, the bypass 51 extends along the long side of the elongated orifice. Alternatively, for example, the bypass 51 can extend transversely to the feed direction 2. In this case, the bypass 51 extends transversely to the extension of the cross-sectional area of ​​the light channel 3. Therefore, the bypass 51 extends along a partially circular section of the elongated orifice. Further alternatively, for example, the bypass 51 can extend at an angle relative to the feed direction 2, the angle being between the direction along the feed direction 2 and the direction transverse to the feed direction 2. In this case, the bypass 51 extends along the transition section between the long side of the elongated orifice and the partially circular section of the elongated orifice. The orientation of the bypass 51 determines the orientation of the chamfer 50.

[0075] exist Figure 15 In this embodiment, the outlet opening 62 is located at the end of the jet nozzle. The processed gas exits the processed gas unit 60 through the outlet opening. In this example, the chamfer 50 is configured such that the portion of the nozzle orifice 6 cut off by the chamfer originates entirely from the powder section 11, such that the angle along which the powder section 11 extends is reduced due to the chamfer 50, while the angle along which the processed gas unit 60 extends remains substantially the same.

[0076] Where applicable, all individual features presented in the exemplary embodiments may be combined and / or interchanged with each other without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0077] List of reference numerals

[0078] 1. Jet Nozzle 30 Cooling System

[0079] 2. Feed direction 31. Radial inner cooling chamber

[0080] 3 Optical Channel 32 Transition Section

[0081] 4. Side surface 33. Radial outer cooling chamber

[0082] 5 External structure 34 Honeycomb structure

[0083] 6. Nozzle orifice 40 absorption section

[0084] 7 Powder Unit 50 Chamfer

[0085] 8. Remote Area 51 Bypass

[0086] 9 Flange section 60 Gas handling unit

[0087] 10. Proximal Region 61. Processing Gas Section

[0088] 11 Powder Section 62 Outlet Opening

[0089] 12 feed section 63 supply opening

[0090] 13 Coolant Inlet 64 Distribution Arm

[0091] 14 Coolant outlet 65 First steam plume

[0092] 15 Connecting ring 66 Second steam plume

[0093] 16 Powder jetting machine for 100 workpieces

[0094] 17. Inlet connector; 110. Laser beam.

[0095] 18. Export connector 111. Main beam

[0096] 19. Injector guiding device, 112 beams.

[0097] 20 Center point of optical channel 120 Powdered filler material

[0098] 21 First powder focus 130 welding pool

[0099] 26. Enclosure angle 140°. Functional layer.

Claims

1. A jet nozzle (1) for laser deposition welding along a feed direction (2), the jet nozzle having: - Optical channel (3), the optical channel being used to guide at least one laser beam, the at least one laser beam being guided to the workpiece; - Powder unit (7), the powder unit being arranged radially outside the optical channel (3) for guiding at least one powder jet to be applied to the workpiece, wherein, The powder unit (7) forms a powder segment (11) around the optical channel (3) in the circumferential direction; and - Processing gas unit (60), the processing gas unit is arranged radially outside the optical channel (3) for guiding processing gas, wherein the processing gas unit (60) forms a processing gas section (61) along the circumferential direction; The processing gas section (61) is connected to the powder section (11) along the circumferential direction at the nozzle orifice (6).

2. The jet nozzle (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The processing gas unit (60) has at least one outlet opening (62) on the end side of the jet nozzle (1), from which the processing gas can be guided to the workpiece, wherein, in particular, an additional injector is arranged in the at least one outlet opening (62) for supplying the processing gas rather than filling material.

3. The jet nozzle (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The processing gas section (61) extends at least segmentally along the elongated aperture arc, specifically in an arc shape, around the optical channel (3).

4. The jet nozzle (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The powder section (61) extends along the circumferential direction around the center (20) of the optical channel (3) with an enclosing angle (23) between 5° and 180°, particularly between 45° and 120°.

5. The jet nozzle (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The processing gas section (61) and the powder section (11) together completely surround the optical channel (3) along the circumferential direction.

6. The jet nozzle (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The processing gas unit (60) has a supply opening (63) and at least one outlet opening (62), through which the processing gas can be supplied to the processing gas unit (60) and through which the processing gas leaves the processing gas unit (60) through the at least one outlet opening.

7. The jet nozzle (1) according to claim 6, wherein, The processing gas unit (60) has a plurality of outlet openings (62), specifically three outlet openings, each of which is connected to a supply opening (63).

8. The jet nozzle (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The processing gas section (61) is constructed in the region of the nozzle orifice (6) facing the feed direction (2).

9. The jet nozzle (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The powder section (11) has multiple injector guide devices (19), and powder injectors (16) can be inserted into the injector guide devices respectively.

10. The jet nozzle (1) according to claim 9, wherein, The inner diameter of the at least one outlet opening (62) is smaller than the inner diameter of the injector guide device (19).

11. The jet nozzle (1) according to any one of claims 9 or 10, wherein, A first powder injector is configured to deliver a first powder mass flow and a second powder injector is configured to deliver a second powder mass flow, wherein the first powder mass flow is different from the second powder mass flow.

12. The jet nozzle (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The powder section (11) is constructed with an annular gap section.

13. The jet nozzle (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The optical channel (3) is adapted to guide multiple laser beams, wherein the multiple laser beams have a first laser beam as a main beam (111) and a second laser beam as a secondary beam (112).

14. The jet nozzle (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, said jet nozzle is manufactured by means of additive manufacturing methods and is particularly made of copper or copper alloy, especially copper-chromium-zirconium alloy.

15. The jet nozzle (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The nozzle orifice (6) has a chamfer (50), a portion of which is cut off by the chamfer, wherein the chamfer (50) is substantially planar and runs in a plane inclined relative to the longitudinal direction of the jet nozzle (1).

Images