Poria cocos green planting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a green planting method for poria cocos. The method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing cut-logs; (2) selecting and preparing a poria cocos field; (3) putting into a cellar and inoculating; (4) processing design; (5) management after planting; (6) harvesting. According to the poria cocos planting method, the production cycle can be shortened, the invasion probability of termites and diseases is reduced, wood is fully decomposed, the yield of poria cocos is guaranteed, meanwhile, resource waste is reduced to a certain degree, and the pressure brought by poria cocos industry development to the ecological environment is relieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology, specifically relating to a highly efficient and green cultivation method for Poria cocos strains. Background Technology

[0002] Because the cultivation and production of Poria cocos requires a large amount of precious pine tree resources, various regions have begun to restrict the disorderly and large-scale expansion of Poria cocos planting. In order to promote the sustainable development of Poria cocos planting, research on more green and environmentally friendly Poria cocos cultivation methods is urgently needed. Hu Dunsong in Rural New Technology [2015,(04),15)] and Wu Yanke in Edible and Medicinal Fungi [2016,24(02),111-112)] conducted experiments on intercropping Poria cocos with Masson pine forests in 2014 and 2019, respectively. The results showed that intercropping was most suitable in 2- or 3-year-old Masson pine forests. The average yield of fresh Poria cocos per bag was higher than that of the control group. The height and diameter of young Masson pine trees increased by 15.9% and 60.8% respectively compared with the control group, achieving a dual effect. Studies by Wu Yanke et al. on the cultivation of Poria cocos using bag-based substrate and wood introduction have shown that the pure bag-based cultivation method is not effective, while the bag-based wood introduction method and the bag-based wood introduction sclerotium localization method are more effective. In particular, the bag-based wood introduction sclerotium localization method deserves further research and promotion. Wang Qi et al. in "Modern Chinese Materia Medica" [2017, 19(12), 1739-1742] systematically summarized the bag-based cultivation technology of Poria cocos and formed a standardized planting technology for Poria cocos using bag-based substrate. The bag-based cultivation technology of Poria cocos is more environmentally friendly and saves space than traditional methods, but it also has problems such as high cultivation technology requirements and unstable yield and quality. Therefore, the method of planting Poria cocos using pine wood cannot be replaced in the short term.

[0003] Currently, the Poria cocos planting area generally adopts the double-introduction method of cultivation. This method has the advantages of controllable number of Poria cocos, large Poria cocos, fixed production parts, and high commercial rate. However, because it adopts the induction method, it has problems such as large consumption of fresh Poria cocos, easy contamination and "de-mycelium" of Poria cocos mycelium blocks after inoculation, and the need for a second "flesh introduction" inoculation after the first inoculation of the substrate is full of mycelium, which has problems such as large labor load and high labor costs.

[0004] This research explores a new environmentally friendly method for cultivating Poria cocos, aiming to reduce pine wood consumption and demand while maintaining consistent Poria cocos yield, thus achieving sustainable production. Based on this background, the invention designs an experimental scheme using mulched positioning cultivation technology to reduce labor costs. This method ensures Poria cocos yield while accelerating fruit formation, reducing termite infestation and pine wood waste. It explores a new green and environmentally friendly method for Poria cocos cultivation, providing a theoretical and practical foundation for the sustainable development of the Poria cocos cultivation industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention presents a novel, environmentally friendly method for cultivating Poria cocos. It reduces the amount of pine wood used while maintaining the same yield, thus decreasing the demand for pine wood and achieving sustainable production. Based on this background, the invention designs an experimental scheme using mulch-covered positioning cultivation technology and multi-point inoculation technology to reduce labor costs. This ensures Poria cocos yield while accelerating fruit formation, reducing termite infestation, and minimizing pine wood waste.

[0006] A green cultivation method for Poria cocos, the technical solution of which is as follows:

[0007] (1) Preparation of logs:

[0008] Six months before inoculation, pine logs are felled, larger branches are removed, and the top twigs and leaves are retained (to accelerate the evaporation of moisture from the tree). The logs are then laid down in place to dry naturally. When cracks appear on the cross-section of the logs and they produce a crisp sound when tapped, they are ready for inoculation.

[0009] (2) Selection and preparation of the poultry farm:

[0010] At the beginning of the year, a relatively flat sandy yellow soil was selected as the cultivation site. The land was dug up, and the mud and sand clods in the site were broken up. Weeds, tree roots and stones were removed and the soil was allowed to dry and weather naturally.

[0011] (3) Inoculation in the cellar:

[0012] Four months later, the pit was dug: oriented north-south, with the bottom sloped according to the angle between the logs and the horizontal ground as designed in the experiment. Drainage ditches were dug around the perimeter of the pit, their bottoms lower than the pit's floor. The inoculum was inoculated onto the cross-section of the higher-positioned logs, and then the surface of the logs and the inoculated cross-section (along with the inoculum) were wrapped with polypropylene film. The cross-sections of the lower-positioned logs were not wrapped, allowing the poria to form and grow from that specific location. The pit was then covered with soil according to the experimental design.

[0013] (4) Processing Design:

[0014] 1) Design experiments with different numbers of inoculation points

[0015] The logs were inoculated with fungal spawn at the top and sides, then wrapped with a thick polypropylene film and covered with soil. A randomized block design was used to investigate the effect of different numbers of inoculation points on the time and yield of Poria cocos formation.

[0016] (5) Post-planting management:

[0017] After the Poria cocos is placed in the cellar, the planting area should be inspected regularly, generally once a week. In the early stages, any logs that failed to inoculate should be replanted. Later, as the Poria cocos begins to grow rapidly, it is important to add more soil to maintain the thickness of the soil cover and prevent the Poria cocos from cracking or rotting due to sun exposure or rain. If ant trails or termite damage are found, spray an insecticide to kill the termites promptly.

[0018] (6) Harvesting.

[0019] Harvesting was carried out in October of that year when the soil covering the poria cocos field no longer showed cracks and the skin of the poria cocos turned brown. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 a, Figure 1 b、 Figure 1 c are, in order, the planting diagrams showing the number of inoculation points for top-side one, top-side two, and top-side three;

[0021] Figure 2 a, Figure 2 b、 Figure 2 c is a schematic diagram of planting inoculation amounts of one bag on the top side, two bags on the top side, and three bags on the top side.

[0022] Beneficial effects

[0023] 1. This invention uses a film-covered fixed-point poria cocos cultivation technique to cultivate poria cocos, eliminating the need for a second "flesh-introducing" inoculation procedure and solving the problem of inconsistent poria cocos formation location.

[0024] 2. Existing technologies mostly employ single-point inoculation of pine wood, which is time-consuming and the fungal strain is prone to aging. This invention utilizes multi-site inoculation technology, allowing the mycelium to infect pine wood from multiple directions, shortening the production cycle, reducing termite and disease infestations, and thus reducing wood waste to some extent. Multiple inoculation rate gradients are set up to find the most economical and effective Poria cocos inoculation rate, ensuring Poria cocos yield while reducing planting costs. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 a, Figure 1 b、 Figure 1 c, and Figure 2 a, Figure 2 b、 Figure 2 As shown in c, a green cultivation method for Poria cocos includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of logs

[0026] Six months before inoculation, pine logs are felled, larger branches are removed, and the small twigs and leaves at the top are retained (to accelerate moisture evaporation). The logs are then laid down in place to dry naturally. After 5 days, bark is removed longitudinally from the base to the top at 3cm intervals (leaving a 3cm wide strip of bark), removing approximately 3cm of bark (until the xylem is exposed), resulting in an irregular octahedral shape. The logs are then left to dry naturally for another 7 days. The pine logs are then sawn into approximately 40cm long logs and piled in a cool, dry place to dry naturally. When cracks appear on the cut surface of the logs and they produce a clear, resonant sound when tapped, they are ready for inoculation.

[0027] (2) Selection and preparation of the site

[0028] In January of that year, a relatively flat sandy yellow soil was selected at the Poria cocos planting base of Wanyue Zhongbo Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. in Yuexi County, Anhui Province, as a cultivation site. The land was turned over, and the mud and sand clods in the site were broken up. Weeds, tree roots and stones were removed and the soil was then allowed to dry and weather naturally.

[0029] (3) Inoculation in the cellar

[0030] In May of that year, pits were dug: oriented north-south, 0.6m long, 0.4m wide, and 30cm deep, with the bottom sloped according to the angle between the logs and the horizontal ground as designed in the experiment. The pits were spaced 30cm apart, and drainage ditches were dug around the perimeter of the poria cocos planting area, with the bottom surface lower than the pit floor. Approximately 10kg of logs and one bag of spawn were used per pit. The spawn was inoculated onto the cross-section of the higher-positioned logs, and then the surface of the logs and the inoculated cross-section (along with the spawn) were wrapped with polypropylene film. The cross-sections of the lower-positioned logs were not wrapped to allow the poria cocos to form and grow from that specific location. The pits were then covered with soil according to the experimental design.

[0031] (4) Processing Design

[0032] 4-1) Design experiments with different numbers of inoculation points

[0033] The logs were inoculated with fungal spawn at the top and sides (top 1 side 1; top 1 side 2; top 1 side 3; top 1 side 4), with a total inoculation of one bag of spawn. The logs were then wrapped with a 0.05 mm thick polypropylene film and covered with soil. A randomized block design was used. The experiment consisted of three treatments, with 10 pits cultivated per treatment, replicated three times. The effect of different inoculation points on the time and yield of Poria cocos formation was investigated.

[0034] 4-2) Design experiments with different inoculum sizes

[0035] The mycelium was inoculated at the top and sides of the logs (1 at the top, 3 at the sides) to study different inoculation amounts (1 bag, 2 bags, 3 bags, and 4 bags). The logs were then wrapped with a 0.05 mm thick polypropylene film and covered with soil. A randomized block design was used. The experiment consisted of three treatments: each treatment cultivated 10 pits, with three replicates. The effects of different inoculation amounts on the time and yield of Poria cocos formation were investigated.

[0036] (5) Post-planting management

[0037] After the Poria cocos is placed in the cellar, the planting area should be inspected regularly, generally once a week. In the early stages, any logs that failed to inoculate should be replanted. Later, as the Poria cocos begins to grow rapidly, it is important to add more soil to maintain the thickness of the soil cover and prevent the Poria cocos from cracking or rotting due to sun exposure or rain. If ant trails or termite damage are found, spray an insecticide to kill the termites promptly.

[0038] (6) Harvesting

[0039] Harvesting was carried out in October of that year when the soil covering the poria cocos field no longer showed cracks and the skin of the poria cocos turned brown.

[0040] (7) Comparison of planting results

[0041] Experiments at different inoculation sites showed that the average yield of Poria cocos grafted using this method was 1.028 kg per bag (top 1, 10 grafts), 1.046 kg per bag (top 1, side 1, 10 grafts), 1.075 kg per bag (top 1, side 2, 10 grafts), and 1.148 kg per bag (top 1, side 3, 10 grafts). In contrast, the yield of Poria cocos grafted using the traditional grafting method was only 0.93 kg. This demonstrates that the yield of this inoculation method is significantly higher than that of the traditional method, proving its feasibility. See the table below:

[0042]

[0043] Through experiments with different inoculation amounts, taking Top 1 and Side 3 as examples, the average yield of Poria cocos with 1 bag inoculated in 10 grafting pits was 1.148 kg, with 2 bags inoculated in 10 grafting pits the average yield was 1 kg, and with 3 bags inoculated in 10 grafting pits the average yield was 1.031 kg. In contrast, the yield of Poria cocos inoculated using the traditional grafting method was 0.93 kg. This demonstrates that the yield of Poria cocos inoculated using this method is higher than that of the traditional grafting method, proving the feasibility of this method. See the table below:

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] Based on the above data analysis, the optimal solution is a top-3 inoculation method, with an optimal inoculation quantity of 1 bag.

Claims

1. A green cultivation method for Poria cocos, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: (1) Preparation of logs: Before inoculation in the cellar, the Masson pine logs are felled, large branches are removed, and the small branches and leaves at the top of the tree are retained. They are laid down on the spot and allowed to dry naturally. When cracks appear on the cross-section of the logs and a crisp sound is produced when they are tapped, they are ready for inoculation in the cellar. (2) Selection and preparation of the poultry farm: At the beginning of the year, a flat, sandy yellow soil was selected as the cultivation site. The land was turned over and the mud and sand clods in the site were broken up. Weeds, tree roots and stones were removed and the soil was allowed to dry and weather naturally. (3) Inoculation in the cellar: In the past, the pit was dug in a north-south direction. The angle between the logs at the bottom of the pit and the horizontal ground was made into a slope. Drainage ditches were dug around the pit, with the bottom surface lower than the bottom surface of the pit. The inoculum was inoculated on the cross-section of the logs placed at higher positions. Then, the surface of the logs and the inoculated cross-section, along with the inoculum, were wrapped with polypropylene film. The cross-sections of the logs at lower positions were not wrapped so that the poria could form and grow from that location. The pit was then covered with soil. (4) Planting: The logs were inoculated with microbial inoculum at the top and sides, then wrapped with a polypropylene film of a certain thickness and covered with soil. A randomized block design was used. (5) Post-planting management: Regularly inspect the poria cocos field. In the early stages, replant any logs that failed to be inoculated. After the poria cocos begin to grow rapidly, add more soil to maintain the thickness of the soil cover and prevent the poria cocos from cracking or rotting due to sun exposure or rain. When ant trails and termite damage are found, spray ant killer immediately to kill the ants; (6) Harvesting; Harvest when the soil covering the poria cocos no longer cracks and the skin of the poria cocos turns brown.

2. The planting method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation of the (1) section of wood is 6 months before inoculation and placement in the pit.

3. The planting method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, (5) Post-planting management: After the Poria cocos is placed in the cellar, the Poria cocos field should be inspected regularly once a week.

4. The planting method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The harvesting time mentioned in (6) is October of the same year.

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