A soybean cultivation device for low nitrogen tolerance identification

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of soybean cultivation, and discloses a soybean cultivation device for low-nitrogen tolerance identification, which comprises a nutrient supply core, a main regulating liquid cavity and a plurality of independently arranged nutrient liquid cavities; a plurality of cultivation units are arranged around the nutrient supply core, and each cultivation unit comprises at least one independent culture cavity; and a liquid-gas delivery system controlled synchronously in different zones, which comprises a liquid delivery assembly and a liquid underflow vortex forming unit, and the liquid underflow vortex forming unit generates upward vortex flow at the bottom of the culture cavity through a spin-direction injector. The present application realizes accurate control of the multi-concentration nitrogen environment required for low-nitrogen tolerance identification of soybeans through a precise nutrient liquid gradient configuration system. The main regulating liquid cavity stores high-concentration nitrogen mother liquor, the spiral array nozzles of a multi-channel dynamic homogenizer inject the mother liquor into each independent nutrient liquid cavity in a quantitative manner, and a stable gradient working liquid is formed, so that the experimental conditions are repeatable, the concentration is accurately controllable, and a reliable foundation is provided for low-nitrogen tolerance germplasm screening.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of soybean cultivation, in particular to a soybean cultivation device for low nitrogen tolerance identification. BACKGROUND

[0002] Traditional soybean cultivation devices usually use static or simple circulating nutrient solution systems to provide basic water and nutrients for plants. Such devices generally lack the ability to actively control the root microenvironment, and the flow mode of the nutrient solution is simple, making it difficult to effectively promote the full contact of the root system with the nutrient solution. The gas supply usually uses a uniform distribution aeration method, which cannot provide targeted oxygen supply to the dense root area, resulting in low root absorption efficiency. In terms of canopy environment control, traditional devices usually only adjust humidity and CO2 concentration through simple spraying or air flow, and lack the ability to precisely control the canopy microenvironment, making it difficult to meet the precise simulation needs of the microenvironment under low nitrogen stress conditions.

[0003] In low nitrogen tolerance identification experiments, the limitations of traditional devices are particularly prominent. First, the gas-liquid exchange efficiency is low, the flow mode of the nutrient solution is simple, and the absorption process of the root system to the nitrogen source under low nitrogen conditions cannot be effectively simulated, resulting in experimental results that cannot accurately reflect the real physiological response of soybeans under low nitrogen conditions. Second, the environmental control precision is insufficient, and independent and precise control of the root and canopy microenvironments cannot be achieved, making it difficult to accurately control the experimental conditions when simulating different intensity low nitrogen stress, and the data reliability is poor.

[0004] Traditional devices also cannot support multi-gradient parallel experiments. Due to the lack of an independent multi-concentration nutrient solution configuration system, experiments can usually only be conducted at a single nitrogen concentration, and multiple gradient low nitrogen stress tests cannot be simultaneously conducted. Even if a multi-tank design is used, the nutrient solution concentration in each tank is difficult to maintain independently and stably, and cross interference is likely to occur, affecting the statistical reliability of the experimental results. At the same time, the environmental monitoring system of the traditional device is relatively simple, and can usually only monitor basic parameters such as pH and EC, lacking real-time and comprehensive monitoring capability of the rhizosphere microenvironment and canopy microenvironment, and unable to timely discover and adjust the experimental conditions.

[0005] In addition, the environmental control of the root zone and the canopy zone lacks coordination, and root aeration often affects the canopy microenvironment, leading to mutual interference of experimental conditions and further reducing the reliability of experimental data. These limitations make it difficult for traditional soybean cultivation devices to provide accurate and repeatable experimental conditions in low nitrogen tolerance identification of germplasm resources, severely restricting the progress of soybean low nitrogen tolerance research and the development of efficient breeding techniques. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a soybean cultivation device for low nitrogen tolerance identification to solve the problems raised in the background.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical solutions: a soybean cultivation device for low nitrogen tolerance identification, comprising:

[0008] A nutrition supply center is provided with a main regulating liquid cavity and a plurality of independently arranged nutrient liquid cavities;

[0009] A plurality of cultivation units are arranged around the nutrition supply center, and each cultivation unit comprises at least one independent culture cavity;

[0010] A partitioned and synchronized control liquid-gas delivery system comprises:

[0011] A liquid delivery assembly comprises:

[0012] A liquid underflow vortex forming unit generates an upward vortex at the bottom of the culture cavity through a spin-directional injector;

[0013] A liquid overflow microenvironment regulating unit forms an aerosol in the canopy space through an ultrasonic atomizing disc;

[0014] The two units share the same nutrient source and independently regulate the flow;

[0015] A gas delivery assembly comprises:

[0016] A central gas delivery rod penetrating through the cultivation unit;

[0017] A root zone directional aeration unit and a canopy directional aeration unit in communication with the central gas delivery rod are respectively located at the bottom and the top of the culture cavity;

[0018] An embedded sensing network comprises:

[0019] A liquid storage monitoring module linked with the liquid underflow vortex forming unit;

[0020] An environmental monitoring module embedded in the culture cavity;

[0021] When the liquid underflow vortex forming unit is turned on, the root zone aeration is simultaneously enhanced and the canopy aeration is inhibited.

[0022] According to the above technical solutions, the nutrition supply center comprises a coaxially installed cylindrical barrel;

[0023] The central chamber of the cylindrical barrel constitutes the main regulating liquid cavity, and five independent nutrient liquid cavities are uniformly distributed around the main regulating liquid cavity, and each nutrient liquid cavity is physically isolated from the main regulating liquid cavity by a radial partition plate;

[0024] A detachable centralized filter cartridge is connected to the flange at the top of the main regulating liquid cavity, and the gas output end of the detachable centralized filter cartridge is divided into:

[0025] A main gas delivery pipeline connects the gas inlet end of the central gas delivery rod;

[0026] An auxiliary gas delivery pipeline communicates with the top of the main regulating liquid cavity;

[0027] The main regulating liquid cavity is embedded with a multi-channel dynamic uniform mixer, the spiral array nozzle of the multi-channel dynamic uniform mixer penetrates the cylindrical barrel, and the spiral array nozzle inlet extends into the bottom liquid area of the main regulating liquid cavity.

[0028] According to the above technical scheme, the detachable centralized filter cartridge comprises, in sequence along the air flow direction:

[0029] A detachable metal filter screen;

[0030] A cylindrical activated carbon adsorption layer is wrapped around the periphery of the metal filter screen;

[0031] An annular ultraviolet lamp tube surrounds the inlet of the auxiliary air conveying pipeline;

[0032] The main air conveying pipeline and the central air conveying rod are connected by a quick release connector.

[0033] According to the above technical scheme, the shell of each cultivation unit is in the form of an equilateral triangular prism, and a rounded corner is arranged at each corner;

[0034] A central reflux cavity is arranged along the axis of the triangular prism, and the top of the central reflux cavity is open and connected to a flow collecting cone, and the bottom of the flow collecting cone is connected to the nutrient solution cavity through a reflux pipeline;

[0035] Three independent cultivation cavities are circumferentially divided around the central reflux cavity, and the included angle between adjacent cultivation cavities is 120°;

[0036] An overflow hole is arranged in the bottom side wall of each cultivation cavity, and the overflow hole is connected to the liquid inlet end of a combined reflux groove;

[0037] The outlet of the combined reflux groove is vertically connected to the flow collecting cone.

[0038] According to the above technical scheme, a detachable mounting plate is embedded in the side wall of each cultivation cavity;

[0039] A U-shaped lap protrusion is arranged on the inner surface of the detachable mounting plate, and the opening of the U-shaped lap protrusion faces the central axis of the cultivation cavity;

[0040] A rectangular observation window is arranged in the middle of the detachable mounting plate, and an air hole array is arranged above the rectangular observation window;

[0041] A magnetic sealing strip is embedded in the edge of the detachable mounting plate, and the magnetic sealing strip is in adsorptive cooperation with a magnetically conductive sealing frame of the side wall of the cultivation cavity.

[0042] According to the above technical scheme, the combined reflux groove is sequentially provided with:

[0043] A conical sand setting section with an upwardly flared mouth, an interception net arranged at the bottom, and a magnetic connection cleaning cover arranged at the top;

[0044] The ultraviolet sterilization lamp tube is embedded in the middle side wall of the combined reflux tank, and the extension direction of the ultraviolet sterilization lamp tube is parallel to the liquid flow path.

[0045] A photocatalytic coating is arranged on the inner wall of the bottom of the combined reflux tank.

[0046] According to the technical scheme, the under-liquid vortex forming unit comprises:

[0047] The first electromagnetic proportional valve is communicated with the nutrient solution cavity through the first connecting pipe;

[0048] The outlet of the first electromagnetic proportional valve is connected with the rotary ejector through the second connecting pipe, the rotary ejector is fixed with the flow guide fin group at the end, and the torsion direction of the flow guide fin group is consistent with the vortex rotation direction;

[0049] The under-liquid microenvironment regulating unit comprises:

[0050] The second electromagnetic proportional valve is communicated with the nutrient solution cavity through the third connecting pipe;

[0051] The ultrasonic atomization disc is hung at the top of the culture cavity, the atomization surface of the ultrasonic atomization disc is downwardly aligned with the crown layer space, and the outlet of the second electromagnetic proportional valve is connected with the ultrasonic atomization disc through the fourth connecting pipe;

[0052] The annular air curtain nozzle surrounds the ultrasonic atomization disc, and the annular air curtain nozzle is connected with the central air supply rod through the branch pipeline.

[0053] According to the technical scheme, the root zone directional aeration unit comprises:

[0054] The annular manifold is fixed at the bottom of the culture cavity, and the central air supply rod is connected through the fifth connecting pipe;

[0055] The inclined downward micro-hole nozzles are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the annular manifold, and the central axes of the inclined downward micro-hole nozzles converge on the central vertical line of the culture cavity;

[0056] The crown layer directional aeration unit comprises:

[0057] The annular distributor is arranged at the top of the culture cavity, and the central air supply rod is connected through the sixth connecting pipe;

[0058] The directional nozzles are unevenly distributed on the annular distributor according to the phyllotaxis angle;

[0059] The airflow axes of the directional nozzles are inclined at an acute angle with the horizontal plane, and all the axes extend and converge in the central axis area of the culture cavity;

[0060] The central air supply rod synchronously communicates the root zone annular manifold and the annular distributor.

[0061] According to the technical scheme, the liquid storage monitoring module comprises:

[0062] Nitrogen ion selective electrode inserted into the nutrient solution cavity;

[0063] Ultrasonic flow meter installed on the outlet pipeline of the main regulating liquid cavity.

[0064] According to the above technical scheme, the environment monitoring module comprises:

[0065] Annular electrode array embedded in the inner surface of the culture cavity;

[0066] Suspension in the canopy space of the culture cavity Sensor;

[0067] Optical turbidimeter installed on the inner wall of the overflow hole.

[0068] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present application are:

[0069] (1) The device realizes accurate control of the multi-concentration nitrogen environment required for soybean low-nitrogen tolerance identification through the precise nutrient solution gradient configuration system. The main regulating liquid cavity stores high-concentration nitrogen mother liquor, which is quantitatively injected into each independent nutrient solution cavity through the spiral array nozzle of the multi-channel dynamic homogenizer, forming stable gradient working liquid (such as 0mM, 0.5mM, 1.0mM, etc.), ensuring that the experimental conditions are repeatable and the concentration is accurately controllable, and providing a reliable basis for low-nitrogen tolerance germplasm screening.

[0070] (2) The cultivation unit adopts an equilateral triangular prism configuration design, with three culture cavities circumferentially divided and surrounding the central return cavity at an angle of 120° between adjacent ones, forming independent microenvironments that do not interfere with each other, realizing precise microenvironment regulation. Each culture cavity serves as a biological repeat unit, maximizing the use of limited space while ensuring the statistical reliability of experimental data, significantly improving high-throughput experimental efficiency and avoiding accidental errors in traditional single-plant experiments.

[0071] (3) The liquid underflow vortex forming unit generates a directional upward vortex at the bottom of the culture cavity through the spin direction injector and the flow guide fin group, cooperating with the oblique downward micro-pore nozzle of the root zone directional aeration unit (with airflow axis converging on the central vertical line), forming a high-efficiency rhizosphere dissolved oxygen environment, significantly enhancing the root absorption efficiency of nutrients under low-nitrogen conditions, and effectively simulating and strengthening the physiological response of soybeans under low-nitrogen stress.

[0072] (4) The liquid microenvironment regulation unit generates 1-5μm nitrogen-containing aerosol covering the canopy through an ultrasonic atomizing disc, cooperating with the non-uniformly distributed directional nozzle of the canopy directional aeration unit according to the leaf order angle (with airflow axis converging in the central area), realizing precise regulation of canopy concentration and humidity, optimizing photosynthetic efficiency, while avoiding high-humidity gas retention on the leaf surface, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and providing dynamic adaptability for the canopy microenvironment.

[0073] (5) Through the liquid gas conveying system to realize liquid gas two-way independent regulation and intelligent linkage: the liquid under the vortex formation unit is opened, the root zone aeration is simultaneously enhanced and the crown layer aeration is inhibited, the flow is independently adjusted through an electromagnetic proportional valve, a synergistic response mechanism of the root system and the crown layer environment is formed, the liquid gas interference problem in the traditional device is effectively avoided, and the accurate simulation of the microenvironment under low nitrogen stress conditions is ensured.

[0074] (6) The detachable centralized filter cartridge adopts a three-stage purification structure (metal filter screen primary efficiency filtration, activated carbon adsorption and ultraviolet sterilization), so that the physical, chemical and biological cleanliness of the input air is ensured, the purified air is conveyed to the root zone aeration system through a main gas conveying pipeline, the global airflow distribution is realized through a central gas conveying rod, a sterile and pollution-free gas environment is provided for the device, and experimental interference factors are significantly reduced.

[0075] (7) The combined backflow tank is provided with a conical sand setting section, an ultraviolet sterilization lamp and a photocatalytic coating, so that multi-stage purification of the overflow liquid is realized: the sand setting section traps solid particles, the ultraviolet sterilization kills microorganisms, and the photocatalytic coating deeply degrades organic matter; the purified liquid returns to the central backflow cavity through a flow collecting cone for recycling, the consumption of nutrient solution is effectively reduced, the system is maintained in long-term stable operation, and the sustainability of the device is improved.

[0076] (8) The embedded sensor network realizes all-around environmental monitoring: a nitrogen ion selective electrode monitors the concentration of nutrient solution in real time, an annular electrode array collects rhizosphere data, a sensor monitors the crown layer photosynthetic activity, an optical turbidimeter analyzes the state of the overflow liquid, monitoring data is fed back to a control system to dynamically optimize liquid gas parameters, a closed-loop regulation mechanism is formed, and it is ensured that the experimental conditions are always in the target state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0077] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the application, and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate the application together with the embodiments thereof, and do not constitute a limitation of the application. In the drawings:

[0078] Figure 1 is a first perspective view of the application;

[0079] Figure 2 is a second perspective view of the application;

[0080] Figure 3 is a first partial perspective view of the application;

[0081] Figure 4 is a second partial perspective view of the application;

[0082] Figure 5 is a third partial perspective view of the application;

[0083] Figure 6This is a fourth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 7 This is a fifth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0085] Figure 8 This is a sixth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0086] Figure 9 This is a third-dimensional schematic diagram of the seventh part of the present invention;

[0087] Figure 10 This is the eighth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0088] Figure 11 This is a third-dimensional schematic diagram of the ninth part of the present invention;

[0089] Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the tenth part of the present invention;

[0090] In the diagram: 100 - Nutrition supply center, 101 - Cylindrical cylinder, 102 - Radial baffle, 110 - Main regulating liquid chamber, 120 - Nutrient liquid chamber, 130 - Detachable centralized filter cartridge, 131 - Main gas supply pipeline, 132 - Auxiliary gas supply pipeline, 133 - Metal filter screen, 134 - Cylindrical activated carbon adsorption layer, 135 - Annular ultraviolet lamp, 140 - Multi-channel dynamic mixer, 141 - Spiral array nozzle. 200-Cultivation Unit, 210-Cultivation Chamber, 220-Central Reflux Chamber, 221-Collection Cone, 230-Overflow Hole, 240-Combined Reflux Tank, 241-Conical Sand Settling Section, 242-Cleaning Cover, 243-UV Sterilization Lamp, 244-Photocatalytic Coating, 250-Removable Mounting Plate, 251-U-shaped Overlapping Boss, 252-Rectangular Observation Window, 253-Stomach Array, 254-Magnetic Adhesion 255 - Magnetic sealing frame; 300 - Liquid-gas delivery system; 310 - Liquid delivery assembly; 311 - Subsurface vortex forming unit; 312 - First electromagnetic proportional valve; 313 - Rotary injector; 314 - Guide fin assembly; 315 - Liquid microenvironment control unit; 316 - Ultrasonic atomizing disc; 317 - Annular air curtain nozzle; 318 - Second electromagnetic proportional valve; 320 - Gas delivery assembly; 321 - Central air delivery rod; 322 - Root zone directional aeration unit; 323 - Canopy directional aeration unit; 324 - Annular manifold; 325 - Downward-sloping microporous nozzle; 326 - Annular distributor; 327 - Directional nozzle; 400 - Embedded sensor network; 410 - Liquid storage monitoring module; 411 - Nitrogen ion selective electrode; 412 - Ultrasonic flow meter; 420 - Environmental monitoring module; 421 - Annular electrode array; 422 - Sensor, 423-Optical Turbidimeter. Detailed Implementation

[0091] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0092] Please refer to Figures 1-12 The present application provides a technical solution: a soybean cultivation device for low nitrogen tolerance identification, comprising:

[0093] A nutrition supply center 100 is provided with a main regulation liquid cavity 110 and a plurality of independently arranged nutrition liquid cavities 120;

[0094] A plurality of cultivation units 200 are arranged around the nutrition supply center 100, and each cultivation unit 200 comprises at least one independent culture cavity 210;

[0095] A liquid-gas delivery system 300 controlled by partitioning and synchronization, comprising:

[0096] A liquid delivery assembly 310:

[0097] A liquid underflow vortex forming unit 311 generates an upward vortex at the bottom of the culture cavity 210 through a spin-directional injector 313;

[0098] A liquid overflow microenvironment regulating unit 315 forms an aerosol in the canopy space through an ultrasonic atomizing disc 316;

[0099] The two units share the same nutrition source and independently regulate the flow rate;

[0100] A gas delivery assembly 320:

[0101] A central gas delivery rod 321 penetrating through the cultivation unit 200;

[0102] A root zone directional aeration unit 322 and a canopy directional aeration unit 323 in communication with the central gas delivery rod 321, respectively located at the bottom and the top of the culture cavity 210;

[0103] An embedded sensing network 400, comprising:

[0104] A liquid storage monitoring module 410 linked with the liquid underflow vortex forming unit 311;

[0105] An environmental monitoring module 420 embedded in the culture cavity 210;

[0106] When the liquid underflow vortex forming unit 311 is turned on, the root zone aeration is simultaneously enhanced and the canopy aeration is inhibited;

[0107] Specifically, the nutrition supply core 100 comprises a coaxially installed cylindrical barrel 101;

[0108] The central cavity of the cylindrical barrel 101 constitutes a main regulating liquid cavity 110, which is circumferentially and evenly distributed with five independent nutrition liquid cavities 120, each of which is physically isolated from the main regulating liquid cavity 110 by a radial partition plate 102;

[0109] A detachable centralized filter cartridge 130 is flange-connected to the top of the main regulating liquid cavity 110, and a gas output end of the detachable centralized filter cartridge 130 is divided into:

[0110] A main gas supply pipeline 131 is connected to the gas inlet end of the central gas supply rod 321;

[0111] An auxiliary gas supply pipeline 132 is communicated with the top of the main regulating liquid cavity 110;

[0112] A multi-channel dynamic uniform mixer 140 is embedded on the main regulating liquid cavity 110, a spiral array nozzle 141 of the multi-channel dynamic uniform mixer 140 penetrates through the cylindrical barrel 101, and an inlet of the spiral array nozzle 141 extends into the bottom liquid area of the main regulating liquid cavity 110;

[0113] The nutrient supply center 100 is the core control hub of the device, which can provide unified and clean air source for each functional area of the device, and can provide different concentration gradient nutrient solution for multiple parallel cultivation experiments. The core structure of the nutrient supply center 100 is composed of a coaxially installed cylindrical barrel 101, and the internal space is reasonably divided into different functional areas. The main adjusting liquid cavity 110 is located in the most central chamber of the cylindrical barrel 101, and is specially used as a storage for high-concentration nitrogen adjusting mother liquor. The concentrated mother liquor stored therein is the only concentration source for configuring different gradient low-nitrogen nutrient solution. The independent nutrient solution cavity 120 is composed of multiple independent cavities, which are arranged uniformly around the main adjusting liquid cavity. The number of the independent nutrient solution cavities is not limited, and in the example of the device, five independent nutrient solution cavities are provided. Each independent nutrient solution cavity 120 is responsible for storing, maintaining and supplying a specific nitrogen concentration basic working nutrient solution to a corresponding cultivation unit 200. They are completely isolated from each other and from the main adjusting liquid cavity 110 by radial partitions 102, so as to ensure that the solution concentration in each cavity is stable and independent, and does not interfere with each other. The multi-channel dynamic uniform mixer 140 precisely extracts high-concentration nitrogen adjusting mother liquor from the bottom liquid area of the main adjusting liquid cavity 110, and according to the preset gradient concentration requirement, dynamically adjusts the multiple output channels thereof through the control system, so as to separately and independently deliver the quantitative mother liquor to each peripheral independent nutrient solution cavity 120. The outlet end of the spiral array nozzle 141 of the multi-channel dynamic uniform mixer 140 extends into the inside of the corresponding independent nutrient solution cavity 120. During operation, the spiral array nozzle 141 injects the extracted concentrated mother liquor into the basic nutrient solution in the corresponding nutrient solution cavity, and utilizes the jet kinetic energy and the specific spiral flow pattern to realize high-speed, efficient and uniform mixing of the mother liquor and the basic solution in the nutrient solution cavity 120, so as to generate and maintain the required target concentration gradient working solution in the respective independent nutrient solution cavity 120. The detachable centralized filter cartridge 130 is responsible for primary filtration (intercepting large particles of dust), deep adsorption (removing odors and volatile organic compounds) and high-efficiency sterilization (killing microorganisms) of the external air input into the entire device, so as to generate clean air. The clean air after purification is output from the top outlet of the detachable centralized filter cartridge 130, and is intelligently distributed through two branch pipelines. The main air supply pipeline is mainly responsible for vertically downward delivery of most of the purified air, and is connected to the central air supply rod penetrating through all the cultivation units, thereby becoming the main channel of the device gas supply, and finally being supplied to the root zone and the crown layer for aeration. The auxiliary air supply pipeline introduces part of the purified air into the gas phase space at the top of the main adjusting liquid cavity, so as to maintain the appropriate internal air pressure balance in the cavity (such as preventing negative pressure), and has the auxiliary functions of supplementing gas or positive pressure protection.

[0114] Specifically, the detachable centralized filter cartridge 130 includes, in sequence along the airflow direction:

[0115] A detachable metal filter screen 133;

[0116] A cylindrical activated carbon adsorption layer 134 is wrapped around the metal filter screen 133;

[0117] A ring-shaped ultraviolet lamp 135 surrounds the inlet of the auxiliary gas supply pipeline 132;

[0118] The main gas pipeline 131 and the central gas delivery rod 321 are connected by a quick-release connector.

[0119] The ambient air first flows into the detachable centralized filter cartridge 130 for treatment. Inside the cartridge, the airflow passes through a three-stage, interconnected purification system along a predetermined path. The detachable metal filter 133 serves as the first barrier in the air purification process. As the airflow passes through, the precisely woven metal filter, relying on its mesh physical barrier effect, efficiently intercepts and captures larger suspended particles in the air, such as dust, fibers, pollen, and some insects or plant debris, significantly reducing the content of coarse impurities. After this initial filtration, the air continues to flow outwards. Surrounding the metal filter 133 is a cylindrical activated carbon adsorption layer 134. When the airflow passes through the activated carbon layer, it is filtered through the intermolecular... Adsorption capacity effectively adsorbs various gaseous pollutants remaining in the air, significantly improving the chemical cleanliness of the air. Before the airflow enters the core distribution pipeline, there is a ring-shaped array of ultraviolet lamps 135. These lamps emit short-wave ultraviolet rays (such as UVC) of a specific wavelength. When the purified airflow passes through and is continuously exposed to this surrounding ultraviolet radiation field, the ultraviolet light can effectively destroy the DNA or RNA structure of microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses), causing them to become inactive or die. This achieves broad-spectrum killing of microorganisms in the air, ensuring the biological safety of the gas. The three-stage purification linkage ensures that the output air after this process has high physical cleanliness, low levels of chemical pollutants, and extremely low microbial load.

[0120] Specifically, the shell of each cultivation unit 200 is in the shape of an equilateral triangular prism, and the corners are rounded.

[0121] The central reflux chamber 220 is arranged along the axis of the triangular prism, and its top is open to connect to the flow collecting cone 221;

[0122] Three independent culture chambers 210 are circumferentially divided around the central reflux chamber 220, and the angle between adjacent culture chambers 210 is 120°.

[0123] Each culture chamber 210 has an overflow hole 230 on its bottom side wall, and the overflow hole 230 is connected to the liquid inlet end of the combined reflux tank 240;

[0124] The outlet of the combined reflux trough 240 is vertically connected to the collecting cone 221, and the bottom of the collecting cone 221 is connected to the nutrient solution chamber 120 through a reflux pipeline.

[0125] The cultivation unit 200 shell adopts an equilateral triangular prism configuration, and the corners are designed with rounded transitions. The three-prism structure maximizes the cultivation cavity volume in a limited space, improving space utilization efficiency. The rounded corners prevent scratching and improve safety factors. The central return cavity 220 is arranged along the central axis of the three-prism shell, with an open top interface firmly connected to the flow collection cone 221, serving as a collection and transfer hub for purified liquid. It receives overflow liquid from each cultivation cavity 120 after purification and directs it to the circulation system. The three cultivation cavities 210 are evenly distributed around the central return cavity 220, with adjacent chamber axes at an angle of 120 degrees to each other. Each cavity forms an independent plant cultivation microenvironment, accommodating a single soybean plant and its root crown system, physically isolating different plants to avoid cross interference. The three independent cultivation cavities are biologically repeated, allowing simultaneous cultivation of plants under the same nitrogen concentration to ensure the reliability of experimental data. The overflow holes 230 are located at a specific height on the side wall of the bottom of each cultivation cavity 210. When the liquid level in the cultivation cavity 210 exceeds the set height, excess liquid is automatically discharged through the overflow holes 230. The combined return groove 240 is located on the external side wall of the cultivation cavity 210, with each combined return groove 240 corresponding to one cultivation cavity 210, forming an independent overflow space to avoid cross interference. The liquid inlet end is directly connected to the overflow hole 230, and the outlet extends vertically downward and precisely connects to the top of the flow collection cone 221.

[0126] Specifically, the side wall of each cultivation cavity 210 is embedded with a detachable mounting plate 250.

[0127] The inner surface of the detachable mounting plate 250 is provided with a U-shaped lap boss 251, and the opening of the U-shaped lap boss 251 faces the central axis of the cultivation cavity 210.

[0128] A rectangular observation window 252 is formed in the middle of the detachable mounting plate 250, and an array of air holes 253 is arranged above it.

[0129] A magnetic sealing strip 254 is embedded at the edge of the detachable mounting plate 250, which is adsorbed and matched with the magnetically conductive sealing frame 255 of the side wall of the cultivation cavity 210.

[0130] The U-shaped lap boss 251 opening is strictly oriented to the central axis of the culture cavity 210, and the U-shaped structure forms a self-adaptive clamping slot. When sowing, the hypocotyl part of the soybean seed is embedded in the U-shaped slot, ensuring the vertical growth of the seedling. The rectangular observation window 252 supports the visual inspection of the state of the root system development, nutrient solution turbidity, etc. The gas hole array 253 is densely distributed in the upper area of the rectangular observation window 252, which constructs the gas exchange channel of the crown layer aerosol microenvironment, balances the air pressure inside and outside the cavity, and allows gas penetration but blocks the escape of mist droplets, preventing aerosol diffusion from polluting adjacent units. The magnetic sealing strip 254 is embedded in the edge of the installation plate, and together with the magnetically conductive sealing frame 255 of the side wall of the culture cavity 210, it forms an adsorbed sealing surface. The magnetic force uniformly compresses the sealing strip, blocking the leakage of nutrient solution and the invasion of external pollutants;

[0131] Specifically, the combined backflow tank 240 is sequentially arranged from the liquid inlet end to the outlet end:

[0132] The upwardly flared conical sand setting section 241 is provided with an interception net at the bottom and a magnetically connected cleaning cover plate 242 at the top;

[0133] The ultraviolet sterilization lamp tube 243 is embedded in the middle side wall of the combined backflow tank 240, and the extension direction of the ultraviolet sterilization lamp tube 243 is parallel to the liquid flow path;

[0134] The inner wall of the bottom of the combined backflow tank 240 is provided with a photocatalytic coating 244;

[0135] The combined backflow tank is a directional purification and collection channel for overflow liquid. The liquid flow strictly follows the following path: overflow liquid inlet, conical sand setting section 241 contraction channel, bottom interception net interception, ultraviolet sterilization lamp tube 243 rapid sterilization, photocatalytic deep degradation, and collection cone 221 discharge. The cross section of the conical sand setting section 241 channel gradually shrinks towards the outlet direction, forming an accelerated flow channel. The overflow inlet is arranged on the middle side wall of the conical sand setting section 241, and the liquid is injected tangentially into the sand setting section. The accelerated water flow drives impurities (sand, root debris, and condensate) to the bottom of the sand setting section. The magnetically connected cleaning cover plate 242 covers the top of the conical sand setting section 241, which is convenient for quick disassembly and removal of accumulated substances;

[0136] Specifically, the liquid underflow vortex forming unit 311 includes:

[0137] The first electromagnetic proportional valve 312 is connected to the nutrient solution cavity 120 through the first connecting pipe;

[0138] The outlet of the first electromagnetic proportional valve 312 is connected to the rotary ejector 313 through the second connecting pipe, and the rotary ejector 313 is fixed with the flow guide fin group 314 at the end. The twist direction of the flow guide fin group 314 is consistent with the rotation direction of the vortex;

[0139] The liquid over microenvironment regulating unit 315 includes:

[0140] A second electromagnetic proportional valve 318 is in communication with the nutrient solution cavity 120 through a third connecting pipe;

[0141] An ultrasonic atomization disc 316 is hung at the top of the culture cavity 210, with an atomization surface downwardly aligned with the canopy space, and the outlet of the second electromagnetic proportional valve 318 is connected to the ultrasonic atomization disc 316 through a fourth connecting pipe;

[0142] An annular air curtain nozzle 317 surrounds the ultrasonic atomization disc 316 and is connected to the central air supply rod 321 through a branch pipe;

[0143] The under-liquid vortex forming unit 311 generates a directional rotating liquid flow at the bottom of the culture cavity 210, achieving dynamic regulation of the root microenvironment, the first electromagnetic proportional valve 312 receives control system instructions and dynamically adjusts the liquid flow from the nutrient solution cavity 120, a delivery pump is arranged on the connecting pipe to provide a basic delivery pressure, and the delivery pump and a fixing seat (not shown in the figure) fixedly connected to the connecting pipe are known technical means in the prior art, which can be adjusted and set according to actual application scenarios, and will not be described in detail here, the liquid is accelerated through the spiral flow channel of the spiral jet 313 and is converted into a high-speed rotating jet, the guide fin group 314 is fixed at the end of the flow channel with a preset twist angle, the fin curved surface continuously guides the rotating direction of the liquid flow, and the vortex coverage range is expanded to the entire root zone, the above-liquid microenvironment regulation unit 315 establishes an aerosol and gas dual-mode regulation field at the top of the culture cavity 210 to accurately manage the canopy microenvironment, the second electromagnetic proportional valve 318 accurately controls the nutrient solution supply amount, the ultrasonic atomization disc 316 is hung at the top center of the culture cavity 210 and occupies an upper position in the canopy space, the atomization direction is vertically downward, the liquid is converted into 1-5 μm droplets, the annular air curtain nozzle 317 forms a vertically downward isolation air curtain around the edge of the atomization disc 316 to facilitate blocking the lateral diffusion of aerosol and assisting in isolating the gas exchange between different culture units, the air curtain barrier and the physical sealing structure double as a barrier to ensure zero cross-contamination between the 15 culture units, the canopy directional aeration unit 323 shares the gas path, concentration adjustment is achieved through valve switching, the two units share the nutrient solution supply cavity 120, redundancy of the pipe is reduced, and independent or linked operation modes (such as liquid aerosol supplement during the day and liquid vortex oxygenation at night) are supported;

[0144] Specifically, the root directional aeration unit 322 comprises:

[0145] An annular manifold 324 is fixed at the bottom of the culture cavity 210 and connected to the central air supply rod 321 through a fifth connecting pipe;

[0146] The inclined downward micro-hole nozzles 325 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the annular manifold 324, and the central axes of the inclined downward micro-hole nozzles 325 converge on the central vertical line of the culture cavity 210;

[0147] The canopy directional aeration unit 323 comprises:

[0148] The annular distributor 326 arranged at the top of the culture cavity 210 is connected to the central gas supply rod 321 through the sixth connecting pipe;

[0149] The directional nozzles 327 are unevenly distributed on the annular distributor 326 according to the phyllotaxis angle;

[0150] The airflow axis of the directional nozzles 327 is inclined at an acute angle with the horizontal plane, and all the axes converge at the central axis area of the culture cavity 210;

[0151] The central gas supply rod 321 is synchronously connected to the root zone annular manifold 324 and the annular distributor 326;

[0152] The root zone directional aeration unit 322 constructs a uniform dissolved oxygen gas field in the root system dense area. The root zone annular manifold 324 is fixed at the bottom of the culture cavity 210 and is connected to the central gas supply rod 321 through the fifth connecting pipe. The inclined downward micro-porous spray heads 325 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the annular manifold 324, forming a high-pressure gas cavity around the root system. The central axes of all the spray heads accurately converge at the vertical line in the center of the culture cavity. The gas flow is sprayed at an angle of 45° downward, pushing the bubble group to spiral towards the center of the root system. The upward path of the gas bubbles is lengthened, and the gas-liquid contact time is increased. The canopy directional aeration unit 323 regulates the gas composition and micro-gas flow field in the canopy, matching the photosynthetic demand of the plant. The annular distributor 326 is suspended at the top of the cavity and is connected to the central gas supply rod 321 through the sixth connecting pipe. The directional nozzles 327 are unevenly distributed according to the phyllotaxis angle of the plant. The airflow angle of each nozzle is independently adjusted. All the airflow axes converge at the central axis area of the canopy. The gas flow is sprayed at an acute angle of 15°, forming a conical gas curtain that precisely delivers the gas to the stomata dense area, preventing high humidity gas from stagnating on the leaf surface, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and synchronously supplying gas to the root zone annular manifold 324 and the canopy annular distributor 326 through a single gas path. The proportion of root zone and canopy gas flow is adjusted as needed through the control valve, for example, during the daytime mode, the canopy gas flow is stronger than the root layer gas flow, strengthening the photosynthetic gas exchange, and during the night mode, the canopy gas flow is weaker than the root layer gas flow, strengthening the metabolic efficiency of the root system;

[0153] Through the multi-level collaborative control of the liquid delivery assembly 310 and the gas delivery assembly 320, the three-dimensional environment is precisely regulated from the root system to the canopy. The specific collaborative mechanism is as follows:

[0154] I. Root zone liquid-gas dynamic coupling mechanism

[0155] When the liquid underflow vortex forming unit 311 is started, the first electromagnetic proportional valve 312 controls the nutrient solution to be sprayed to the bottom of the culture cavity through the rotating ejector, and the flow guide fin group 314 guides the nutrient solution to form an upward spiral vortex. At this time, the root zone directional aeration unit 322 of the gas delivery assembly is activated synchronously, the central gas delivery rod 321 delivers gas to the annular manifold 324, and the inclined downward micropore nozzle 325 injects micro-bubbles along the vortex rotation direction. The bubble group is broken and refined under the shearing action of the vortex, and forms a co-rotating gas-liquid two-phase spiral flow with the upward liquid flow, which improves the oxygen transfer efficiency. The axis convergence design of the inclined downward micropore nozzle 325 ensures that the bubbles are enriched towards the root core area.

[0156] II. Crown gas mist synergistic control mechanism

[0157] When the liquid micro-environment regulating unit 315 is running, the second electromagnetic proportional valve 318 delivers nutrient solution to the ultrasonic atomization disc 316 to generate aerosol in the crown space. At the same time, the gas delivery assembly 320 starts two-stage synergy: the annular gas curtain nozzle 317 receives gas from the central gas delivery rod 321 through the branch pipeline, forming a vertical downward annular gas curtain barrier around the ultrasonic atomization disc 316. The gas curtain restricts the diffusion range of the aerosol and prolongs the settling time of the mist droplets. The annular distributor 326 of the crown directional aeration unit 323 receives the gas shunted by the central gas delivery rod 321, and the non-uniformly arranged directional nozzles 327 of the annular distributor 326 deliver inclined gas flow to the leaf area, pushing the aerosol to be directionally enriched towards the leaf stomata dense area, thereby improving the effective utilization rate.

[0158] III. Root-crown synergistic control logic

[0159] Using the root-preferred control logic, when the liquid underflow vortex forming unit 311 is turned on, the controller automatically enhances the gas supply pressure of the root zone directional aeration unit 322 to the peak value, and simultaneously switches the crown directional aeration unit 323 to the lowest maintenance flow rate. When the liquid micro-environment regulating unit 315 is working, the root zone directional aeration maintains the basic aeration amount, and the crown directional nozzles 327 are adjusted to a pulse jet mode to avoid strong gas flow disturbance of the atomization field, ensuring that the root system oxygen concentration fluctuation is within the threshold range, and improving the stability of the crown aerosol concentration.

[0160] When the environmental monitoring module 420 detects abnormal rhizosphere conductivity, the system automatically increases the liquid underflow vortex flow and simultaneously enhances the root zone aeration intensity to alleviate ion imbalance. When the sensor shows that the crown carbon assimilation efficiency decreases, the ultrasonic atomization disc 316 switches to an intermittent mode and starts a strong circulation mode of the crown directional nozzles, thereby shortening the response time of soybeans to low nitrogen stress and ensuring the stability of the micro-environment during the whole growth period.

[0161] Specifically, the liquid storage monitoring module 410 includes:

[0162] a nitrogen ion selective electrode 411 inserted into the nutrient solution cavity 120;

[0163] ultrasonic flow meter 412 installed at the outlet pipeline of the main regulating liquid cavity 110;

[0164] The electrode probe is directly immersed in the nutrient liquid cavity 120, and the ion selective membrane is used to sense the change of nitrogen ion concentration in real time, and the electrical signal output is converted, and the ultrasonic flow meter 412 monitors the infusion rate of the nutrient solution and identifies pipeline blockage or leakage abnormalities;

[0165] Specifically, the environmental monitoring module 420 comprises:

[0166] The annular electrode array 421 is embedded in the inner surface of the culture cavity 210;

[0167] The sensor 422 is suspended in the crown space of the culture cavity 210; The sensor 422 is suspended in the crown space of the culture cavity 210;

[0168] The optical turbidimeter 423 is installed on the inner wall of the overflow hole 230;

[0169] The annular electrode array 421 is embedded in the inner surface of the detachable mounting plate 250, and the electrode contact is directly exposed to the inside of the culture cavity 210, and the circumferentially distributed contact covers the entire root zone boundary, The sensor 422 is arranged in the densest area of the leaf blade, and directly captures the concentration gradient, real-time sampling and analysis concentration change rate, and the net photosynthetic efficiency is calculated by correlating the light intensity data, and the optical turbidimeter 423 is embedded in the inner wall of the overflow hole 230 and directly contacts the discharged liquid to capture abnormal substances entering the circulation system in the first time.

[0170] Working principle: The device provides a highly controllable, multi-gradient parallel, environment precise adjustable high-throughput culture platform for soybean low nitrogen tolerance germplasm identification, which is characterized by dynamically configuring multiple concentration nutrient environments through the central mother liquor, combining root zone and crown zone regulation and closed loop monitoring, and accurately simulating different intensity low nitrogen stress conditions. The main working process of the device is as follows:

[0171] I. Nutrient liquid gradient configuration

[0172] Mother liquor storage: The main regulating liquid cavity 110 stores high-concentration nitrogen regulating mother liquor (such as concentrated potassium nitrate solution) as the core nitrogen source for gradient regulation.

[0173] Pre-installation of base liquid: The multiple independent nutrient liquid cavities 120 around the main regulating liquid cavity 110 are pre-installed with nitrogen-free or extremely low-nitrogen base nutrient liquid (containing all essential elements except nitrogen).

[0174] Dynamic gradient generation: Multi-channel dynamic homogenizer 140 extracts mother liquor from main conditioning liquid cavity 110, quantitatively injects each independent nutrient liquid cavity 120 through spiral array nozzle 141, controls the system to adjust the injection amount of mother liquor according to the target nitrogen concentration (such as 0 mM, 0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, etc.), and forms a multi-gradient stable working liquid after mixing.

[0175] II. Cultivation unit liquid supply and root zone regulation

[0176] Root zone nutrient liquid delivery: Each independent nutrient liquid cavity 120 is connected to the corresponding cultivation unit 200 through a pipeline, and the first electromagnetic proportional valve 312 adjusts the flow rate. The nutrient liquid passes through the rotational jet 313 and the flow guide fin 314 to form an upward vortex at the bottom of the culture cavity 210, forcibly stirring the liquid flow to prevent sedimentation and enhance oxygen dissolution.

[0177] Root zone directional aeration: Concentrated detachable filter cartridge 130 purifies external air, which is delivered to the root zone directional aeration unit 322 through the central air delivery rod 321. The obliquely downward micro-porous nozzle 325 directs the airflow to the root zone, providing high-concentration oxygen, and optimizing the rhizosphere environment in cooperation with the vortex.

[0178] III. Crown microenvironment regulation

[0179] Leaf surface nutrient atomization: The second electromagnetic proportional valve 318 controls the flow rate, and the liquid from the same nutrient liquid cavity is delivered to the ultrasonic atomization disc 316 to generate nitrogen-containing aerosol to cover the crown, simulating the leaf surface absorption scenario.

[0180] Crown airflow control: Purified air is delivered to the crown directional aeration unit 323 through the central air delivery rod 321. The directional nozzle 327 is distributed according to the leaf angle, and the airflow is obliquely sprayed to the center of the crown to adjust concentration, humidity, and assist aerosol diffusion.

[0181] When the under-liquid vortex is turned on, the root zone aeration amount is increased, and the crown airflow is suppressed to reduce interference.

[0182] IV. Environmental closed-loop monitoring and feedback

[0183] Liquid storage state monitoring: The nitrogen ion selective electrode 411 monitors the concentration of the nutrient liquid cavity 120 in real time, and the ultrasonic flowmeter 412 detects the flow rate at the outlet of each nutrient liquid cavity, and the electromagnetic proportional valve opening degree is adjusted.

[0184] Culture cavity environment monitoring: The annular electrode array 421 monitors the pH, EC, and temperature of the rhizosphere, reflecting the root activity, The sensor 422 collects crown gas data, and the optical turbidimeter 423 detects the cleanliness of the overflow liquid, and the data is fed back to the control system to optimize the liquid and gas parameters.

[0185] V. Overflow recovery and purification

[0186] Overflow collection: Excess nutrient solution in the culture cavity flows into the combined return tank 240 through the overflow hole 230, and is sequentially purified by: sand settling treatment: the conical sand settling section 241 traps solid particles, and the magnetic cover plate 242 facilitates cleaning; ultraviolet sterilization: the ultraviolet lamp 243 kills microorganisms; and photocatalytic degradation: the photocatalytic coating 244 decomposes organic matter under ultraviolet excitation.

[0187] Recycling: The purified liquid is collected into the central return cavity 220 through the flow cone 221, and is returned to the original nutrient solution cavity 120 for recycling.

[0188] Six, global air purification

[0189] Primary filtration: The external air is intercepted by the metal filter screen 133 to remove large particle impurities.

[0190] Adsorption purification: The activated carbon layer 134 removes odors and harmful gases.

[0191] Ultraviolet sterilization: The annular ultraviolet lamp 135 inactivates microorganisms, and the clean air is delivered to the root zone and the crown layer aeration system.

[0192] Seven, high-throughput experiments and data application

[0193] Multi-gradient parallel processing: Multiple independent nutrient solution cavities 120 correspond to one cultivation unit 200, supporting simultaneous stress experiments with different nitrogen concentrations (an example of 5 gradients), and each group contains 3 culture cavities as biological replicates.

[0194] Data-driven analysis: Real-time monitoring data (nitrogen concentration, root activity, crown , liquid turbidity, etc.) are used to evaluate soybean tolerance, screen low-nitrogen tolerant germplasm, and optimize cultivation strategies.

[0195] It should be noted that in this text, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between the entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "contain" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0196] Finally, it should be noted that the above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalent ones. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A soybean cultivation device for low-nitrogen tolerance assessment, characterized in that, include: The nutrient supply center (100) is provided with a main regulating fluid chamber (110) and several independently arranged nutrient fluid chambers (120) around it. Several cultivation units (200) are arranged around the nutrient supply center (100), and each cultivation unit (200) includes at least one independent culture chamber (210). A zoned synchronous control liquid-gas delivery system (300) includes: Liquid delivery assembly (310): The submerged vortex forming unit (311) generates an upward vortex at the bottom of the culture chamber (210) through a vortex ejector (313); The liquid microenvironment control unit (315) forms an aerosol in the canopy space through the ultrasonic atomizing disk (316); Both units share the same nutrient source but have independently regulated flow rates; Gas delivery assembly (320): Central air supply bar (321) that runs through the cultivation unit (200); The root zone directional aeration unit (322) and the canopy directional aeration unit (323), which are connected to the central air delivery rod (321), are located at the bottom and top of the culture chamber (210), respectively. Embedded sensor network (400), including: Liquid storage monitoring module (410) linked with the liquid vortex forming unit (311). An environmental monitoring module (420) is embedded in the culture chamber (210); When the liquid-submerged vortex forming unit (311) is turned on, it simultaneously enhances root zone aeration and inhibits canopy aeration. The shell of each cultivation unit (200) is an equilateral triangular prism with rounded corners at the edges; The central reflux chamber (220) is set along the axis of the triangular prism, and its top is open to connect to the collecting cone (221). Three independent culture chambers (210) are circumferentially divided around the central reflux chamber (220), and the included angle between adjacent culture chambers (210) is 120°; Each culture chamber (210) has an overflow hole (230) on its bottom sidewall, and the overflow hole (230) is connected to the liquid inlet end of the combined reflux tank (240); The outlet of the combined reflux tank (240) is vertically connected to the collecting cone (221), and the bottom of the collecting cone (221) is connected to the nutrient solution chamber (120) through a reflux pipeline. Each culture chamber (210) has a removable mounting plate (250) embedded in its sidewall; The inner surface of the detachable mounting plate (250) is provided with a U-shaped overlapping boss (251), and the opening of the U-shaped overlapping boss (251) faces the central axis of the culture chamber (210); A rectangular observation window (252) is provided in the middle of the detachable mounting plate (250), and an array of air holes (253) is arranged above it; A magnetic sealing strip (254) is embedded in the edge of the detachable mounting plate (250), and the magnetic sealing strip (254) is attracted to the magnetic sealing frame (255) on the side wall of the culture chamber (210); The combined reflux tank (240) is arranged sequentially from the inlet end to the outlet end: The upward-expanding conical sedimentation section (241) has an interception net at the bottom and a cleaning cover plate (242) with magnetic connection at the top. The side wall of the combined reflux tank (240) is fitted with an ultraviolet sterilization lamp (243), and the ultraviolet sterilization lamp (243) extends in a direction parallel to the liquid flow path; A photocatalytic coating (244) is provided on the inner wall of the bottom of the combined reflux tank (240); The underwater vortex forming unit (311) includes: The first electromagnetic proportional valve (312) is connected to the nutrient solution chamber (120) via the first connecting pipe. The outlet of the first electromagnetic proportional valve (312) is connected to the vortex injector (313) through the second connecting pipe. The end of the vortex injector (313) is fixed with a guide fin assembly (314). The twisting direction of the guide fin assembly (314) is consistent with the vortex rotation direction. The liquid-based microenvironment control unit (315) includes: The second electromagnetic proportional valve (318) is connected to the nutrient solution chamber (120) via the third connecting pipe. The ultrasonic atomizing disc (316) suspended at the top of the culture chamber (210) has its atomizing surface facing downwards and aligned with the canopy space. The outlet of the second electromagnetic proportional valve (318) is connected to the ultrasonic atomizing disc (316) through the fourth connecting pipe. An annular air curtain nozzle (317) surrounds the ultrasonic atomizing disc (316), and the annular air curtain nozzle (317) is connected to the central air delivery rod (321) through a branch pipeline. The root zone directional aeration unit (322) includes: The annular manifold (324) fixed at the bottom of the culture chamber (210) is connected to the central gas delivery rod (321) through the fifth connecting pipe. The downward-sloping micro-orifice nozzles (325) are evenly distributed around the annular manifold (324), and the central axes of each downward-sloping micro-orifice nozzle (325) converge on the central vertical line of the culture chamber (210). The canopy directional aeration unit (323) includes: The annular distributor (326) located at the top of the culture chamber (210) is connected to the central gas delivery rod (321) via the sixth connecting pipe. The directional nozzles (327) are non-uniformly distributed on the annular distributor (326) according to the leaf sequence angle. The airflow axis of the directional nozzle (327) is inclined at an acute angle to the horizontal plane, and all axes extend and converge in the central axis region of the culture chamber (210); The central gas delivery rod (321) is synchronously connected to the root zone annular manifold (324) and the annular distributor (326).

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient supply center (100) includes a coaxially mounted cylindrical body (101). The central chamber of the cylindrical body (101) constitutes the main regulating liquid chamber (110), and five independent nutrient liquid chambers (120) are evenly distributed around it. Each nutrient liquid chamber (120) is physically isolated from the main regulating liquid chamber (110) by a radial partition (102). The top flange of the main regulating liquid chamber (110) is connected to a detachable centralized filter cartridge (130), and the gas output end of the detachable centralized filter cartridge (130) is divided into: The main gas pipeline (131) is connected to the inlet end of the central gas delivery rod (321); The auxiliary gas delivery pipeline (132) is connected to the top of the main regulating liquid chamber (110); The main regulating liquid chamber (110) is fitted with a multi-channel dynamic homogenizer (140), and the spiral array nozzles (141) of the multi-channel dynamic homogenizer (140) penetrate the cylindrical body (101), and the inlet of the spiral array nozzles (141) extends into the bottom liquid area of ​​the main regulating liquid chamber (110).

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: The detachable centralized filter cartridge (130) comprises, in sequence along the airflow direction: Removable metal filter (133); A cylindrical activated carbon adsorption layer (134) is wrapped around the metal filter screen (133); A ring-shaped ultraviolet lamp (135) surrounds the inlet of the auxiliary gas supply pipeline (132); The main gas pipeline (131) and the central gas delivery rod (321) are connected by a quick-release connector.

4. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: The liquid storage monitoring module (410) includes: Nitrogen ion selective electrode (411) inserted into nutrient solution chamber (120); An ultrasonic flow meter (412) is installed in the outlet pipe of the main regulating liquid chamber (110).

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental monitoring module (420) includes: A ring electrode array (421) is embedded in the inner surface of the culture chamber (210). CO2 sensor (422) suspended in the canopy space of culture chamber (210); An optical turbidimeter (423) is installed on the inner wall of the overflow hole (230).

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