Traditional Chinese medicinal material breeding method and system based on molecular marker assisted breeding

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine breeding, in particular to a Chinese herbal medicine breeding method and system based on molecular marker-assisted breeding, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a target Chinese herbal medicine variety, and obtaining a parent material set and a parent material node set based on the target Chinese herbal medicine variety, a target character set and a pre-constructed Chinese herbal medicine germplasm resource library, obtaining a male parent material and a female parent material based on the parent material set and the parent material node set, planting each first-generation target individual in the first-generation target individual set to obtain a first-generation target plant set, obtaining a second-generation male parent plant and a second-generation female parent plant based on the first-generation plant set, the male parent material and the female parent material, and obtaining an updated first character screening value and an updated second character screening value based on the second generation hybrid individual set, the male parent material, the female parent material and a pre-constructed repeated backcross mode, thereby realizing Chinese medicinal material breeding based on molecular marker-assisted breeding. The efficiency and accuracy of Chinese herbal medicine breeding can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicine breeding technology, and in particular to a method and system for breeding traditional Chinese medicinal materials based on molecular marker-assisted breeding. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing demand for health and a growing focus on natural medicines, the market demand for Chinese medicinal herbs continues to grow. As an important component of traditional medicine, Chinese medicinal herbs play an irreplaceable role in modern healthcare. However, wild Chinese medicinal herb resources are limited and face problems such as over-harvesting, making it difficult to meet market demand. Therefore, cultivating new varieties of Chinese medicinal herbs that are high-yielding, of high quality, and highly disease-resistant is of paramount importance for ensuring a stable supply of Chinese medicinal herbs and promoting the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.

[0003] Currently, traditional Chinese medicinal herb breeding mainly relies on natural selection and simple hybridization methods, which have many limitations. First, the breeding cycle is long, often taking several years or even more than a decade from parent selection to the development of new varieties, making it difficult to quickly respond to market demands for new varieties. Second, traditional breeding is inefficient; due to the lack of precise genetic information, the process of selecting superior traits is rather blind, resulting in a low success rate.

[0004] Although traditional breeding methods can be used to breed Chinese medicinal herbs, it is difficult to quickly screen and cultivate superior traits by accurately identifying gene loci related to target traits. When faced with complex and ever-changing environmental pressures and threats from pests and diseases, traditional breeding methods are also difficult to quickly cultivate new varieties with strong adaptability and resistance. Therefore, improving the efficiency and accuracy of Chinese medicinal herb breeding has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method for breeding Chinese medicinal herbs based on molecular marker-assisted breeding and a computer-readable storage medium, the main purpose of which is to improve the efficiency and accuracy of Chinese medicinal herb breeding.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a method for breeding Chinese medicinal herbs based on molecular marker-assisted breeding, comprising: obtaining a target Chinese medicinal herb species; obtaining a target trait set based on the target Chinese medicinal herb species, wherein the target trait set includes a first target trait and a second target trait; obtaining a set of parental materials and a set of parental material nodes based on the target Chinese medicinal herb species, the target trait set, and a pre-constructed Chinese medicinal herb germplasm resource bank; obtaining paternal and maternal materials based on the parental material set and the parental material node set; confirming that the paternal and maternal materials meet the pre-constructed evaluation conditions based on pre-constructed molecular marker detection technology; performing a hybridization operation on the paternal and maternal materials to obtain a first-generation hybrid individual set, wherein the first-generation hybrid individual set contains multiple first-generation hybrid individuals; obtaining a first-generation target individual set based on the first-generation hybrid individual set and a pre-constructed set of detection methods, wherein the set of detection methods includes... The method includes: a first detection method, a second detection method, and a third detection method; planting each first-generation target individual in the first-generation target individual set to obtain a first-generation target plant set; obtaining a first-generation pre-selected plant set based on a pre-constructed first-level detection method and the first-generation target plant set; obtaining a first-generation plant set using a pre-constructed second-level detection method and the first-generation pre-selected plant set; obtaining second-generation paternal and maternal plants based on the first-generation plant set, paternal and maternal materials; performing backcrossing on the second-generation paternal and maternal plants to obtain a second-generation hybrid individual set; obtaining updated first-trait screening values ​​and updated second-trait screening values ​​based on the second-generation hybrid individual set, paternal and maternal materials, and a pre-constructed repeated backcross method; and confirming that the updated first-trait screening values ​​and updated second-trait screening values ​​meet the preset breeding target conditions to achieve molecular marker-assisted breeding of Chinese medicinal herbs.

[0007] Optionally, the step of obtaining the parental material set based on the target medicinal herb species, the target trait set, and the pre-constructed medicinal herb germplasm resource bank includes: identifying a target germplasm set in the medicinal herb germplasm resource bank using the target medicinal herb species, wherein the target germplasm set contains multiple target germplasms, and the species of each target germplasm is the same as that of the target medicinal herb; obtaining a target germplasm node set based on the target germplasm set, wherein the target germplasm node set contains multiple target germplasm nodes, and each target germplasm node contains a first trait reference value and a second trait reference value, wherein there is a one-to-one correspondence between the target germplasm and the target germplasm node; and performing the following operation on each target germplasm node in the target germplasm node set: determining whether the pre-constructed screening conditions are met based on the target germplasm node, wherein the screening conditions are as follows: Wherein, represents the reference value of the first trait in the target germplasm node. This represents the preset initial threshold for the first trait. This represents the reference value of the second trait in the target germplasm node. This represents the preset initial threshold for the second trait; when the screening conditions are met, the target germplasm corresponding to the target germplasm node is taken as the parent material, and the target germplasm node is taken as the parent material node; the parent materials and parent material nodes are summarized respectively to obtain the parent material set and the parent material node set.

[0008] Optionally, obtaining the parent material and maternal material based on the parent material set and parent material node set includes: constructing a parent material and maternal material acquisition scheme based on the parent material set and parent material node set, wherein the parent material and maternal material acquisition scheme is as follows: , , in, , and These represent the parental materials collection, numbered [number]. The, the The and the first Parental materials, and These represent the nodes in the parent material set. The and the first Reference values ​​for the first trait corresponding to each node of the parental material. and These represent the nodes in the parent material set. The and the first Reference values ​​for the second trait corresponding to each parental material node This refers to the parent material. This refers to the parent material. This refers to the set of parental materials. This indicates that the parent material with the highest reference value for the first trait is selected as the paternal material. This means that the parental material with the highest reference value for the second trait is selected as the maternal material; the paternal and maternal materials are obtained based on the paternal and maternal material acquisition scheme.

[0009] Optionally, after confirming that the paternal and maternal materials meet the pre-constructed evaluation conditions using the pre-built molecular marker detection technology, the process includes: obtaining paternal evaluation nodes using the molecular marker detection technology and the paternal material, wherein the paternal evaluation nodes include the paternal probability of carrying the first target trait, the paternal probability of carrying the second target trait, the paternal homozygosity of the first target trait, and the paternal homozygosity of the second target trait; obtaining maternal evaluation nodes using the molecular marker detection technology and the maternal material, wherein the maternal evaluation nodes include the maternal probability of carrying the first target trait, the maternal probability of carrying the second target trait, the maternal homozygosity of the first target trait, and the maternal homozygosity of the second target trait; and determining whether the pre-constructed evaluation conditions are met based on the paternal and maternal evaluation nodes, wherein the evaluation conditions are as follows: , in, and These represent the weights of the first and second target traits, respectively. and These represent the parental carry probability of the first target trait and the parental carry probability of the second target trait, respectively. and These represent the paternal homozygosity of the first target trait and the paternal homozygosity of the second target trait, respectively. and These represent the maternal carry probability of the first target trait and the maternal carry probability of the second target trait, respectively. and These represent the maternal homozygosity of the first target trait and the maternal homozygosity of the second target trait, respectively. and These represent the preset parent evaluation threshold and mother evaluation threshold, respectively. and These represent the paternal correction coefficient and the maternal correction coefficient, respectively. If the evaluation conditions are not met, obtain the parental materials and parental material nodes corresponding to the paternal and maternal materials to obtain the set of parental materials to be removed and the set of parental material nodes to be removed. Obtain an updated set of parental materials based on the set of parental materials to be removed and the set of parental materials. Obtain an updated set of parental material nodes based on the set of parental material nodes to be removed and the set of parental material nodes. Use the updated set of parental materials as the parental material set and the updated set of parental material nodes as the parental material node set, respectively, and return to the step of obtaining paternal and maternal materials based on the set of parental materials and the set of parental material nodes until the evaluation conditions are met.

[0010] Optionally, obtaining the first-generation target individual set based on the first-generation hybrid individual set and the pre-constructed set of detection methods includes: counting the number of first-generation hybrid individuals in the first-generation hybrid individual set to obtain the number of first-generation hybrids; performing the following operations on each first-generation hybrid individual in the first-generation hybrid individual set: obtaining a molecular marker set based on the first detection method and the first-generation hybrid individuals; wherein, the molecular marker set contains multiple molecular markers; performing the following operations on each molecular marker in the molecular marker set: obtaining the genetic effect value and estimation error based on the second detection method, the first-generation hybrid individuals, and the molecular markers; obtaining the genotype code based on the third detection method, the first-generation hybrid individuals, and the molecular markers; associating the molecular markers, genetic effect value, estimation error, and genotype code to obtain a detection node; summarizing the detection nodes to obtain a detection node set; summarizing the detection node sets to obtain multiple detection node sets, wherein the number of detection node sets is the number of first-generation hybrids; obtaining the first-generation target individual set based on the number of first-generation hybrids, the detection node set, and the pre-constructed calculation formula, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: ,in, This represents the first-generation target individual set. This represents the first generation of hybrid individuals. This indicates the number of hybrids in the first generation. Indicates the total number of molecular markers in the set A molecular marker, Indicates the first The first-generation hybrid individual was in the first Genetic effect values ​​on molecular markers express The estimation error, Indicates the first The first-generation hybrid individual was in the first Genotype encoding on molecular markers This indicates the preset filtering threshold. Indicates the first Evaluation values ​​of first-generation hybrid individuals.

[0011] Optionally, the step of obtaining the first-generation pre-selected plant set based on the pre-constructed primary detection method and the first-generation target plant set includes: performing the following operations on each first-generation target plant in the first-generation target plant set: obtaining the first trait screening value of the first-generation target plant using the primary detection method; comparing the first trait screening value with the first trait initial threshold; if the first trait screening value is greater than the first trait initial threshold, confirming the first-generation target plant as a first-generation pre-selected plant; and summarizing the first-generation pre-selected plants to obtain the first-generation pre-selected plant set.

[0012] Optionally, obtaining the first-generation plant set using the pre-constructed secondary detection method and the first-generation pre-selected plant set includes: performing the following operations on each first-generation pre-selected plant in the first-generation pre-selected plant set: obtaining the second trait screening value of the first-generation pre-selected plant using the secondary detection method; comparing the second trait screening value with the initial threshold of the second trait; if the second trait screening value is greater than the initial threshold of the second trait, confirming the first-generation pre-selected plant as a first-generation plant; and summarizing the first-generation plants to obtain the first-generation plant set.

[0013] Optionally, obtaining second-generation paternal and maternal plants based on the first-generation plant set, paternal material, and maternal material includes: performing the following operation on each first-generation plant in the first-generation plant set: calculating a comprehensive screening value based on the first trait screening value, the second trait screening value, and a pre-constructed comprehensive calculation formula, wherein the comprehensive calculation formula is as follows: ,in, This represents the comprehensive screening value. This represents the screening value for the first trait. The second trait screening value is represented by [value]. The comprehensive screening values ​​are summarized to obtain a comprehensive screening value set. The first-generation plant corresponding to the largest comprehensive screening value in the set is selected as the second-generation parent plant. Based on the second-generation parent plants, paternal materials, and maternal materials, a scheme for obtaining the second-generation paternal and maternal plants is constructed, as shown below: , ,in, This represents the preset target threshold for the first trait. This represents the screening value for the first trait of the second-generation parent plants. This represents the preset target threshold for the second trait. This represents the screening value for the second trait in the second-generation parent plants. This indicates the second-generation paternal parent plant. This refers to the second-generation mother plant. This refers to the second-generation parent plants; the second-generation parent plants and second-generation maternal plants were obtained based on the second-generation male and female plant acquisition scheme.

[0014] Optionally, after confirming that the updated first trait screening value and the updated second trait screening value meet the preset breeding target conditions, the process includes: comparing the updated first trait screening value with the first trait target threshold and the updated second trait screening value with the second trait target threshold respectively; if the updated first trait screening value is greater than the first trait target threshold and the updated second trait screening value is greater than the second trait target threshold, the breeding target conditions are met; otherwise, the process returns to the step of obtaining the updated first trait screening value and the updated second trait screening value based on the second-generation hybrid individual set, paternal material, maternal material and the pre-constructed repeated backcross method, until the updated first trait screening value is greater than the first trait target threshold and the updated second trait screening value is greater than the second trait target threshold.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a molecular marker-assisted breeding system for Chinese medicinal herbs, comprising: a parent material acquisition module, used to acquire target Chinese medicinal herb species and acquire a target trait set based on the target Chinese medicinal herb species, wherein the target trait set includes a first target trait and a second target trait; acquiring a parent material set and a parent material node set based on the target Chinese medicinal herb species, the target trait set, and a pre-constructed Chinese medicinal herb germplasm resource bank, and acquiring paternal and maternal materials based on the parent material set and the parent material node set; a hybridization and preliminary screening module, used to perform hybridization operations on the paternal and maternal materials after confirming that the paternal and maternal materials meet the pre-constructed evaluation conditions based on pre-constructed molecular marker detection technology, to obtain a first-generation hybrid individual set, wherein the first-generation hybrid individual set contains multiple first-generation hybrid individuals; and acquiring a first-generation target individual set based on the first-generation hybrid individual set and a pre-constructed set of detection methods, wherein the set of detection methods... The system includes: a first detection method, a second detection method, and a third detection method; a multi-level screening module, used to plant each first-generation target individual in the first-generation target individual set to obtain a first-generation target plant set; to obtain a first-generation pre-selected plant set based on a pre-constructed first-level detection method and the first-generation target plant set; and to obtain a first-generation plant set using a pre-constructed second-level detection method and the first-generation pre-selected plant set; a backcross and breeding evaluation module, used to obtain second-generation paternal and maternal plants based on the first-generation plant set, paternal and maternal materials; to perform backcross operations on the second-generation paternal and maternal plants to obtain a second-generation hybrid individual set; and to obtain updated first-trait screening values ​​and updated second-trait screening values ​​based on the second-generation hybrid individual set, paternal and maternal materials, and a pre-constructed repeated backcross method. After confirming that the updated first-trait screening values ​​and updated second-trait screening values ​​meet the preset breeding target conditions, the system realizes the breeding of Chinese medicinal herbs based on molecular marker-assisted breeding.

[0016] To address the above problems, the present invention also provides an electronic device, the electronic device comprising: A memory for storing at least one instruction; and a processor for executing the instructions stored in the memory to implement the above-described method for breeding Chinese medicinal materials based on molecular marker-assisted breeding.

[0017] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing at least one instruction, which is executed by a processor in an electronic device to implement the above-described method for breeding Chinese medicinal herbs based on molecular marker-assisted breeding.

[0018] To address the problems described in the background section, this invention obtains target medicinal herb species, acquires a target trait set based on these species, including a first target trait and a second target trait. Based on the target medicinal herb species, the target trait set, and a pre-constructed medicinal herb germplasm resource bank, a set of parental materials and a set of parental material nodes are obtained. Based on the parental material set and the parental material node set, paternal and maternal materials are obtained. This invention, through screening conditions, accurately selects parental materials that meet breeding objectives from the medicinal herb germplasm resource bank, improving breeding efficiency and offspring quality, ensuring superior target traits. The paternal and maternal material acquisition scheme flexibly and quickly identifies superior paternal and maternal materials. By selecting superior paternal materials… This invention ensures the transmission of superior traits in both paternal and maternal parent materials, increases genetic diversity in offspring, and improves breeding efficiency and success rate. Based on pre-constructed molecular marker detection technology, after confirming that the paternal and maternal materials meet the pre-constructed evaluation conditions, a hybridization operation is performed on the paternal and maternal materials to obtain a first-generation hybrid individual set. This first-generation hybrid individual set contains multiple first-generation hybrid individuals. Therefore, this invention utilizes molecular marker detection technology to accurately determine whether the paternal and maternal materials carry the target gene and the homozygosity of the gene at the genotype level, avoiding the blindness of selection based solely on phenotypic traits, improving the accuracy of parental selection, and helping to select parental combinations with greater breeding value. This invention is based on the first-generation hybrid individual set and pre-constructed detection method... The invention obtains a first-generation target individual set using a set of detection methods, including a first detection method, a second detection method, and a third detection method. This invention utilizes molecular markers, genetic effect values, and their errors to evaluate first-generation hybrid individuals, and combines genotype coding to accurately select superior first-generation hybrid individuals as first-generation target individuals, effectively improving breeding efficiency and accuracy. In this invention, each first-generation target individual in the first-generation target individual set is planted to obtain a first-generation target plant set. A first-generation pre-selected plant set is obtained based on a pre-constructed primary detection method and the first-generation target plant set. A first-generation plant set is obtained using a pre-constructed secondary detection method and the first-generation pre-selected plant set. A second-generation plant set is obtained based on the first-generation plant set, paternal material, and maternal material. The invention involves backcrossing the second-generation male and female parent plants to obtain a second-generation hybrid population. This demonstrates that by backcrossing the second-generation parent plants with either the male or female parent material, the invention can gradually integrate superior traits and increase the genetic homozygosity of the target trait, while maintaining the stability of other superior traits. Based on the second-generation hybrid population, male and female parent materials, and a pre-constructed repeated backcross method, the invention obtains updated primary and secondary trait screening values. After confirming that the updated primary and secondary trait screening values ​​meet the preset breeding target conditions, the invention achieves molecular marker-assisted breeding of Chinese medicinal herbs. Therefore, the invention gradually fixes the target trait through repeated backcrossing.By combining molecular marker-assisted breeding technology, superior individuals meeting target thresholds can be efficiently screened, significantly improving breeding efficiency, shortening the breeding cycle, and ensuring that medicinal herb varieties achieve the expected superior levels in target traits. Therefore, this invention can improve the efficiency and accuracy of medicinal herb breeding. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for breeding Chinese medicinal herbs based on molecular marker-assisted breeding, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a functional module diagram of a traditional Chinese medicine breeding system based on molecular marker-assisted breeding provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device for implementing the molecular marker-assisted breeding method for Chinese medicinal materials, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Electronic device; 10. Processor; 11. Storage device; 12. Bus.

[0021] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0022] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0023] This application provides a method for breeding traditional Chinese medicinal materials based on molecular marker-assisted breeding. The executing entity of this method includes, but is not limited to, at least one electronic device that can be configured to execute the method provided in this application, such as a server or a terminal. In other words, the method can be executed by software or hardware installed on a terminal device or a server device, and the software may be a blockchain platform. The server includes, but is not limited to, a single server, a server cluster, a cloud server, or a cloud server cluster.

[0024] Reference Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic flowchart of a method for breeding Chinese medicinal herbs based on molecular marker-assisted breeding according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the method for breeding Chinese medicinal herbs based on molecular marker-assisted breeding includes: S1, obtaining a target type of Chinese medicinal herb, and obtaining a set of target traits based on the target type of Chinese medicinal herb, wherein the set of target traits includes a first target trait and a second target trait.

[0025] It is understood that the target medicinal herb species refers to the medicinal herb species that breeders hope to improve through breeding methods, and the target trait refers to the specific medicinal herb plant trait that breeders hope to improve or enhance through breeding methods. These traits are usually determined based on factors such as market demand, environmental adaptability, and the economic value of the medicinal herb plant, specifically depending on the breeding objectives and actual needs. For example, taking the target medicinal herb species *Salvia miltiorrhiza* as an example, if the breeding objective is to cultivate a superior variety with high tanshinone IIA content and a high disease resistance index, then high tanshinone IIA content is the first target trait, and a high disease resistance index is the second target trait. Therefore, the target trait set is high tanshinone IIA content and a high disease resistance index.

[0026] S2. Based on the target Chinese medicinal herb species, target trait set, and pre-constructed Chinese medicinal herb germplasm resource bank, obtain the parent material set and parent material node set, and obtain the male and female materials based on the parent material set and parent material node set.

[0027] It should be explained that the acquisition of parental material sets based on target medicinal herb species, target trait set, and pre-constructed medicinal herb germplasm resource bank includes: identifying a target germplasm set in the medicinal herb germplasm resource bank using the target medicinal herb species, wherein the target germplasm set contains multiple target germplasms, and the species of each target germplasm is the same as that of the target medicinal herb; acquiring a target germplasm node set based on the target germplasm set, wherein the target germplasm node set contains multiple target germplasm nodes, and each target germplasm node contains a first trait reference value and a second trait reference value, wherein there is a one-to-one correspondence between target germplasm and target germplasm nodes; performing the following operation on each target germplasm node in the target germplasm node set: determining whether the pre-constructed screening conditions are met based on the target germplasm node, wherein the screening conditions are as follows: ,in, This represents the reference value of the first trait in the target germplasm node. This represents the preset initial threshold for the first trait. This represents the reference value of the second trait in the target germplasm node. This represents the preset initial threshold for the second trait; when the screening conditions are met, the target germplasm corresponding to the target germplasm node is taken as the parent material, and the target germplasm node is taken as the parent material node; the parent materials and parent material nodes are summarized respectively to obtain the parent material set and the parent material node set.

[0028] It should be understood that the aforementioned medicinal herb germplasm resource bank is a systematic resource bank used to preserve and manage various medicinal herb germplasm materials with specific genetic backgrounds and phenotypic characteristics. These medicinal herb germplasm materials include seeds, plants, tissues, etc., and each medicinal herb germplasm material records relevant information such as its species and phenotypic characteristics, providing basic resources for the breeding, research, and protection of medicinal herbs. The target germplasm set is a collection of multiple medicinal herb germplasm materials corresponding to target medicinal herb species selected from the medicinal herb germplasm resource bank. The target germplasm refers to the basic materials used for the breeding, research, and production of medicinal herbs, and is an important resource for the improvement of medicinal herb varieties and the cultivation of new varieties. Optionally, the target germplasm includes, but is not limited to, seeds, plants, and tissue culture materials.

[0029] For example, assuming the target medicinal herb is Salvia miltiorrhiza, the target germplasms for Salvia miltiorrhiza obtained from the medicinal herb germplasm resource bank are Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, and Q6, resulting in the target germplasm set Q = {Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6}. Each target germplasm corresponds to relevant information such as species and phenotypic characteristics. Therefore, the target germplasm node set is E = {Q1(1.6%, 10), Q2(1.6%, 9), Q3(1.6%), Q4(1.6%), Q5(1.6%), Q6(1.6%), Q7(1.6%), Q8(1.6%), Q9(1.6%), Q1(1.6%), Q1(1.6%), Q2(1.6%), ... The target germplasm nodes are Q1(1.6%,10), Q4(1.3%,7), Q5(1.9%,15), and Q6(1.6%,16). Here, we will only take Q1(1.6%,10) as an example: Q1(1.6%,10) means that the first trait reference value of the target germplasm node Q1 is tanshinone IIA content of 1.6% and the second trait reference value of disease resistance index is 10. Other target germplasm nodes can achieve the same effect as Q1(1.6%,10), which will not be elaborated here. The screening criteria are used to obtain target germplasm where the reference value of the first trait is greater than the initial threshold of the first trait or the reference value of the second trait is greater than the initial threshold of the second trait. Assuming the initial threshold of the first trait is 1.5% and the initial threshold of the second trait is 10, it can be concluded that the reference value of tanshinone IIA (1.3%, 7) for the target germplasm node Q4 is less than the initial threshold of 1.5% for the first trait and less than the initial threshold of 10 for the second trait for the second trait. Therefore, the target germplasm node Q4 (1.3%, 7) does not meet the screening criteria. The target germplasm nodes Q1 (1.6%, 10), Q2 (1.6%, 9), Q3 (1.4%, 12), Q5 (1.9%, 15), and Q6 (1.6%, 16) all meet the screening criteria, resulting in the parental material set as follows: ={Q1, Q2, Q3, Q5, Q6} and the parent material node set are ={Q1(1.6%,10), Q2(1.6%,9), Q3(1.4%,12), Q5(1.9%,15), Q6(1.6%,16)}. This invention, through screening conditions, precisely selects parental materials that meet breeding objectives from a Chinese medicinal herb germplasm resource bank, thereby improving breeding efficiency and offspring quality, and ensuring excellent target traits.

[0030] Furthermore, the step of obtaining the parent material and maternal material based on the parent material set and parent material node set includes: constructing a parent material and maternal material acquisition scheme based on the parent material set and parent material node set, wherein the parent material and maternal material acquisition scheme is as follows: , , in, , and These represent the parental materials collection, numbered [number]. The, the The and the first Parental materials, and These represent the nodes in the parent material set. The and the first Reference values ​​for the first trait corresponding to each node of the parental material. and These represent the nodes in the parent material set. The and the first Reference values ​​for the second trait corresponding to each parental material node This refers to the parent material. This refers to the parent material. This refers to the set of parental materials. This indicates that the parent material with the highest reference value for the first trait is selected as the paternal material. This indicates that the parental material with the highest reference value for the second trait is selected as the maternal material; The parent and parent materials are obtained based on the parent material and parent material acquisition scheme.

[0031] It is understood that the parental materials refer to target germplasm that meets the breeding objectives and can be used for subsequent breeding work. The paternal material is selected from the parental material set to provide pollen, and the maternal material is selected from the parental material set to receive pollen. The implementation process of obtaining the paternal and maternal materials is as follows: If a reference value for the first trait corresponding to a parental material exists in the parental material set... Greater than the initial threshold of the first trait and the reference value of the second trait The value is greater than the initial threshold for the second trait, while the reference values ​​for the first trait for the other parental materials are all less than... And the reference values ​​for the secondary traits are all less than If the parent material is selected as the male parent, then the parent material with the highest reference value for the second trait is selected from the remaining parent materials as the female parent. Otherwise, the parent material with the highest reference value for the first trait is selected as the male parent, and the parent material with the highest reference value for the second trait is selected as the female parent. For example, assume the parent material set... ={Q1, Q2, Q3, Q5, Q6} and parent material node set ={Q1(1.6%,10), Q2(1.6%,9), Q3(1.4%,12), Q5(1.9%,15), Q6(1.6%,16)}, in this example, no parental material simultaneously satisfies: the reference value of the first trait. Greater than the initial threshold of the first trait and the reference value of the second trait The value is greater than the initial threshold for the second trait, and the reference values ​​for the first trait of the other parental materials are all less than the threshold. And the reference values ​​for the secondary traits are all less than Therefore, from the set of parental materials, the parent material Q5 with the highest reference value for the primary trait was selected as the paternal material, and the parent material Q6 with the highest reference value for the secondary trait was selected as the maternal material. Generally, selecting different parental materials as paternal and maternal materials allows for cross-pollination, which combines the genes of different parental materials, increasing the genetic diversity of offspring and optimizing the trait combinations. This invention's embodiment flexibly and quickly identifies superior paternal and maternal materials through its paternal and maternal material acquisition scheme. By selecting superior paternal and maternal materials, it ensures the transmission of superior traits, increases the genetic diversity of offspring, and improves breeding efficiency and success rate.

[0032] S3. After confirming that the paternal and maternal materials meet the pre-constructed evaluation conditions based on the pre-constructed molecular marker detection technology, a hybridization operation is performed on the paternal and maternal materials to obtain a first-generation hybrid individual set, wherein the first-generation hybrid individual set contains multiple first-generation hybrid individuals.

[0033] In detail, after confirming that the paternal and maternal materials meet the pre-constructed evaluation conditions using the pre-built molecular marker detection technology, the process includes: obtaining paternal evaluation nodes using the molecular marker detection technology and the paternal material, wherein the paternal evaluation nodes include the paternal probability of carrying the first target trait, the paternal probability of carrying the second target trait, the paternal homozygosity of the first target trait, and the paternal homozygosity of the second target trait; obtaining maternal evaluation nodes using the molecular marker detection technology and the maternal material, wherein the maternal evaluation nodes include the maternal probability of carrying the first target trait, the maternal probability of carrying the second target trait, the maternal homozygosity of the first target trait, and the maternal homozygosity of the second target trait; and determining whether the pre-constructed evaluation conditions are met based on the paternal and maternal evaluation nodes, wherein the evaluation conditions are as follows: , in, and These represent the weights of the first and second target traits, respectively. and These represent the parental carry probability of the first target trait and the parental carry probability of the second target trait, respectively. and These represent the paternal homozygosity of the first target trait and the paternal homozygosity of the second target trait, respectively. and These represent the maternal carry probability of the first target trait and the maternal carry probability of the second target trait, respectively. and These represent the maternal homozygosity of the first target trait and the maternal homozygosity of the second target trait, respectively. and These represent the preset parent evaluation threshold and mother evaluation threshold, respectively. and These represent the paternal correction coefficient and the maternal correction coefficient, respectively. If the evaluation conditions are not met, obtain the parental materials and parental material nodes corresponding to the paternal and maternal materials to obtain the set of parental materials to be removed and the set of parental material nodes to be removed. Obtain an updated set of parental materials based on the set of parental materials to be removed and the set of parental materials. Obtain an updated set of parental material nodes based on the set of parental material nodes to be removed and the set of parental material nodes. Use the updated set of parental materials as the parental material set and the updated set of parental material nodes as the parental material node set, respectively, and return to the step of obtaining paternal and maternal materials based on the set of parental materials and the set of parental material nodes until the evaluation conditions are met.

[0034] It should be understood that the paternal material carrying probability of the first target trait and the paternal material carrying probability of the second target trait refer to the probability that the paternal material carries the gene related to the first target trait and the probability that the paternal material carries the gene related to the second target trait. Carrying means 1, otherwise it is 0. The paternal homozygosity of the first target trait and the paternal homozygosity of the second target trait refer to the homozygosity of the gene related to the first target trait and the homozygosity of the gene related to the second target trait in the paternal material, reflecting the stability of the gene and the reliability of heredity.

[0035] Understandably, the paternal and maternal correction coefficients are used to correct errors caused by gene interactions or environmental factors. The paternal evaluation threshold is a standard value used to assess whether the paternal material meets the minimum target gene carrier probability and homozygosity requirements, and the maternal evaluation threshold is a standard value used to assess whether the maternal material meets the minimum target gene carrier probability and homozygosity requirements. The paternal and maternal evaluation thresholds can be set according to the stringency of the breeding objective and the desired genetic characteristics. For example, if the goal is to breed a high-homozygous superior variety, a higher threshold can be set.

[0036] It should be explained that when the evaluation conditions are met, it means that both the paternal and maternal materials meet the minimum target gene carrier probability and homozygosity requirements. Otherwise, it is necessary to obtain paternal or maternal materials again until the evaluation conditions are met. For example, if the parental material set is... ={Q1, Q2, Q3, Q5, Q6}, Parental Material Node Set ={Q1(1.6%,10), Q2(1.6%,9), Q3(1.4%,12), Q5(1.9%,15), Q6(1.6%,16)}, if the parent material is Q5 and the parent material is Q6, the molecular marker detection technology is used to obtain the parent evaluation node corresponding to parent material Q5 and the parent evaluation node corresponding to parent material Q6. Optionally, the molecular marker detection technology includes, but is not limited to, PCR technology, high-throughput sequencing technology, and gene chip technology, which are existing technologies and will not be described in detail here. Similarly, the method for obtaining the parent evaluation node is the same as the method for obtaining the parent evaluation node, and will not be described in detail here. Assuming that the evaluation conditions are not met by using the parent evaluation node and the parent evaluation node, parent material Q5 and parent material Q6 are used as the set of parent materials to be removed, and Q5 and Q6 are removed from the set of parent materials to obtain the updated parent materials. ={Q1, Q2, Q3}, parent material nodes Q5(1.9%, 15) and Q6(1.6%, 16) are used as the set of parent material nodes to be removed, and parent material nodes Q5(1.9%, 15) and Q6(1.6%, 16) are removed from the parent material node set to obtain the updated parent material node set. ={Q1(1.6%,10), Q2(1.6%,9), Q3(1.4%,12)}, respectively updating the parental material set to the parental material set, updating the parental material node set to the parental material node set, and re-acquiring paternal or maternal materials until the evaluation conditions are met. Generally, when the paternal and maternal materials have a high probability of carrying the target gene and a high degree of homozygosity, the hybrid offspring are more likely to stably inherit these desirable traits. If a parent does not carry the target gene or has low homozygosity, the probability of the hybrid offspring exhibiting the target trait will be greatly reduced, failing to achieve the desired breeding effect. Re-selecting paternal or maternal materials can improve the effectiveness and scientific rigor of breeding work. This invention utilizes molecular marker detection technology to accurately determine whether paternal and maternal materials carry the target gene and the homozygosity of the gene at the genotype level, avoiding the blindness caused by selection based solely on phenotypic traits, improving the accuracy of parental selection, and helping to select parental combinations with greater breeding value.

[0037] It should be understood that the hybridization operation refers to the process of artificially interbreeding two parents (male and female) with different genetic backgrounds to produce new varieties with superior traits. Assuming both the male and female parents are plants of the medicinal herb *Salvia miltiorrhiza*, the hybridization operation can be achieved as follows: When hybridizing the parents of *Salvia miltiorrhiza*, the female plant is emasculated and bagged during the bud stage to prevent self-pollination and interference from foreign pollen. After the pollen from the male plant matures, it is collected and transferred to the stigma of the female plant, completing pollination. After the female plant develops into fruit, the seeds are collected; these seeds are the first-generation hybrid individuals. These first-generation hybrid individuals can be collected, preserved, and sown for subsequent breeding research.

[0038] S4. Obtain the first-generation target individual set based on the first-generation hybrid individual set and the pre-constructed set of detection methods, wherein the set of detection methods includes: a first detection method, a second detection method, and a third detection method.

[0039] It should be explained that obtaining the first-generation target individual set based on the first-generation hybrid individual set and the pre-constructed set of detection methods includes: counting the number of first-generation hybrid individuals in the first-generation hybrid individual set to obtain the number of first-generation hybrids; performing the following operations on each first-generation hybrid individual in the first-generation hybrid individual set: obtaining a molecular marker set based on the first detection method and the first-generation hybrid individuals; wherein, the molecular marker set contains multiple molecular markers; performing the following operations on each molecular marker in the molecular marker set: obtaining the genetic effect value and estimation error based on the second detection method, the first-generation hybrid individuals, and the molecular markers; obtaining the genotype code based on the third detection method, the first-generation hybrid individuals, and the molecular markers; associating the molecular markers, genetic effect value, estimation error, and genotype code to obtain detection nodes; summarizing the detection nodes to obtain a detection node set; summarizing the detection node sets to obtain multiple detection node sets, wherein the number of detection node sets is the number of first-generation hybrids; obtaining the first-generation target individual set based on the number of first-generation hybrids, the detection node set, and the pre-constructed calculation formula, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: ,in, This represents the first-generation target individual set. This represents the first generation of hybrid individuals. This indicates the number of hybrids in the first generation. Indicates the total number of molecular markers in the set A molecular marker, Indicates the first The first-generation hybrid individual was in the first Genetic effect values ​​on molecular markers express The estimation error, Indicates the first The first-generation hybrid individual was in the first Genotype encoding on molecular markers This indicates the preset filtering threshold. Indicates the first Evaluation values ​​of first-generation hybrid individuals.

[0040] Understandably, the difference between the first-generation hybrid individual set and the first-generation target individual set lies in the following: the first-generation hybrid individual set refers to the set of all offspring individuals obtained through hybridization, while the first-generation target individual set refers to the set of individuals selected from the first-generation hybrid individual set whose evaluation value is greater than the screening threshold. The set of detection methods is a collection of multiple detection methods used to obtain various parameters involved in calculating the evaluation value of the first-generation hybrid individuals. The specific acquisition process is as follows: the molecular markers refer to specific DNA sequences that can be detected in the genome of Chinese medicinal materials. These specific DNA sequences are associated with the target trait set. Optionally, PCR technology can be used as the first detection method to obtain molecular markers associated with the target trait set; this is existing technology and will not be elaborated further here. Genetic effect value Indicates the first The first-generation hybrid individual was in the first The genetic effect value of a molecular marker, that is, the contribution of that marker to the target trait set. The larger the value, the greater the contribution of the molecular marker to the target trait set. Represents genetic effect value The estimation error is used to measure the genetic effect value. Reliability, The smaller the instruction The more reliable, the better. Optionally, using genome-wide association studies and linear mixture models as a second detection method can yield genetic effect values. and its estimation error This is existing technology and will not be elaborated upon here. Genotype coding. Used to describe the The first-generation hybrid individual was in the first The genotypic status on a molecular marker is usually a numerical value, which can be 0, 1, or 2. A value of 2 is usually the most ideal, because When it is 2, it indicates that the first The first-generation hybrid individual was in the first A homozygous molecular marker with the presence of the target allele typically indicates that the first-generation hybrid individual exhibits stable genetic expression of the target trait set and can reliably transmit the target trait set to offspring. Optionally, gene chip technology can be used as a third detection method to obtain the genotype code; this is existing technology and will not be elaborated upon here. The preset screening threshold is a threshold artificially set based on the breeding goal, serving as the benchmark value for screening the first-generation hybrid individuals. The evaluation value of the first-generation hybrid individual comprehensively considers the genetic effect value, estimation error, and genotype code of each molecular marker. When the evaluation value of the first-generation hybrid individual is greater than or equal to the preset screening threshold, the first-generation hybrid individual is confirmed as the first-generation target individual.

[0041] For example, suppose the detection nodes corresponding to a first-generation hybrid individual are H={(Marker_1, 0.8, 0.1, 1), (Marker_2, -0.5, 0.2, 0), (Marker_3, 1.2, 0.3, 2)}. Here, we only take (Marker_1, 0.8, 0.1, 1) as an example: (Marker_1, 0.8, 0.1, 1) indicates that the genetic effect value corresponding to the first molecular marker Marker_1 of the first-generation hybrid individual is 0.8, the estimation error is 0.1, and the genotype code is 1. (Marker_2, -0.5, 0.2, 0) and (Marker_3, 1.2, 0.3, 2) can achieve the same effect as (Marker_1, 0.8, 0.1, 1), and will not be elaborated further. This embodiment of the invention uses molecular markers, genetic effect values, and their errors to evaluate first-generation hybrid individuals, and combines genotype codes to accurately select superior first-generation hybrid individuals as first-generation target individuals, effectively improving breeding efficiency and accuracy.

[0042] S5. Plant each first-generation target individual in the first-generation target individual set to obtain the first-generation target plant set. Obtain the first-generation pre-selected plant set based on the pre-constructed primary detection method and the first-generation target plant set. Obtain the first-generation plant set using the pre-constructed secondary detection method and the first-generation pre-selected plant set.

[0043] It should be explained that the method of obtaining the first-generation pre-selected plant set based on the pre-constructed primary detection method and the first-generation target plant set includes: performing the following operations on each first-generation target plant in the first-generation target plant set: obtaining the first trait screening value of the first-generation target plant using the primary detection method; comparing the first trait screening value with the first trait initial threshold; if the first trait screening value is greater than the first trait initial threshold, confirming the first-generation target plant as a first-generation pre-selected plant; and summarizing the first-generation pre-selected plants to obtain the first-generation pre-selected plant set.

[0044] Understandably, the first-generation target plant set is a group of plants obtained by planting the first-generation target individuals in the first-generation target individual set. The primary trait screening value is a value obtained by testing the first-generation target plants using a primary detection method. It is used to evaluate the performance of the first-generation target plants in the primary target trait. For example, taking the Chinese medicinal herb Danshen as an example, the primary target trait is high tanshinone IIA content. If there are 8 first-generation target plants in the first-generation target plant set, the primary detection method is used to test each first-generation target plant in the first-generation target plant set. The tanshinone IIA contents of the 8 first-generation target plants are found to be 1.3%, 1.6%, 1.5%, 1.4%, 1.6%, 1.4%, 1.7%, and 1.8%, respectively. Assuming that the initial threshold for the primary trait is 1.5%, the first-generation target plants with tanshinone IIA content greater than 1.5% are selected as the first-generation pre-selected plants, resulting in 4 first-generation pre-selected plants with tanshinone IIA contents of 1.6%, 1.6%, 1.7%, and 1.8%, respectively. Optionally, the content of tanshinone IIA can be obtained by high performance liquid chromatography, which is an existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0045] Furthermore, the step of obtaining the first-generation plant set using the pre-constructed secondary detection method and the first-generation pre-selected plant set includes: performing the following operations on each first-generation pre-selected plant in the first-generation pre-selected plant set: obtaining the second trait screening value of the first-generation pre-selected plant using the secondary detection method; comparing the second trait screening value with the initial threshold of the second trait; if the second trait screening value is greater than the initial threshold of the second trait, confirming the first-generation pre-selected plant as a first-generation plant; and summarizing the first-generation plants to obtain the first-generation plant set.

[0046] Understandably, the first-generation pre-selected plants are the first-generation target plants screened using the initial threshold of the first trait. The screening value of the second trait is the value obtained after testing the first-generation pre-selected plants using a secondary detection method. It is used to evaluate the performance of the first-generation pre-selected plants in the second target trait. For example, taking the Chinese medicinal herb Danshen as an example, the second target trait is a high disease resistance index. If there are 4 first-generation pre-selected plants in the first-generation pre-selected plant group, the disease resistance index of the 4 first-generation pre-selected plants is obtained by testing each first-generation pre-selected plant in the first-generation pre-selected plant group using the secondary detection method. Assuming that the initial threshold of the second trait is 10, the first-generation pre-selected plants with a disease resistance index greater than 10 are taken as the first-generation plants. Optionally, the process for obtaining the disease resistance index is as follows: During the field planting of the first-generation target plant set, the disease incidence of the plants is observed regularly and the disease resistance index is calculated: Disease resistance index = 100 - (∑ number of diseased plants at each level × corresponding level) / (total number of plants investigated × highest level) × 100. This embodiment of the invention uses multi-level detection to screen out the first-generation plant set that simultaneously meets the initial conditions of the first target trait (the screening value of the first trait is greater than the initial threshold of the first trait) and the initial conditions of the second target trait (the screening value of the second trait is greater than the initial threshold of the second trait). This ensures that the screened first-generation plant set possesses both high tanshinone IIA content and high disease resistance, guaranteeing the stable inheritance of superior traits and providing a scientific basis and efficient approach for cultivating superior varieties of Chinese medicinal herbs.

[0047] S6. Based on the first-generation plant set, paternal and maternal materials, obtain the second-generation paternal and maternal plants, and perform backcrossing on the second-generation paternal and maternal plants to obtain the second-generation hybrid individual set.

[0048] It should be explained that obtaining the second-generation paternal and maternal plants based on the first-generation plant set, paternal materials, and maternal materials includes: performing the following operation on each first-generation plant in the first-generation plant set: calculating a comprehensive screening value based on the first trait screening value, the second trait screening value, and a pre-constructed comprehensive calculation formula, wherein the comprehensive calculation formula is as follows: ,in, This represents the comprehensive screening value. This represents the screening value for the first trait. The second trait screening value is represented by [value]. The comprehensive screening values ​​are summarized to obtain a comprehensive screening value set. The first-generation plant corresponding to the largest comprehensive screening value in the set is selected as the second-generation parent plant. Based on the second-generation parent plants, paternal materials, and maternal materials, a scheme for obtaining the second-generation paternal and maternal plants is constructed, as shown below: , ,in, This represents the preset target threshold for the first trait. This represents the screening value for the first trait of the second-generation parent plants. This represents the preset target threshold for the second trait. This represents the screening value for the second trait in the second-generation parent plants. This indicates the second-generation paternal parent plant. This refers to the second-generation mother plant. This refers to the second-generation parent plants; Second-generation male and female plants were obtained based on the second-generation male and female plant acquisition scheme.

[0049] For example, the comprehensive screening value is a value calculated based on the first trait screening value and the second trait screening value, used to evaluate the comprehensive performance of the first-generation plants in the first and second target traits. Selecting the first-generation plants with the highest comprehensive screening value as the second-generation parent plants is to ensure that their excellent genetic characteristics can be passed on to the next generation, thereby improving breeding efficiency and success rate.

[0050] Understandably, the backcrossing method is a breeding method that crosses hybrid offspring with parental materials. Unlike hybridization, which involves selecting two parents with different desirable traits and combining their desirable traits to produce offspring with comprehensive desirable traits, backcrossing involves selecting a hybrid offspring with a specific desirable trait and a parental material to fix the specific desirable trait in the hybrid offspring.

[0051] Understandably, the implementation process of obtaining the second-generation male and female plants is as follows: This represents the relative deviation between the primary trait screening value and the preset primary trait target threshold, used to quantify the degree of difference between the performance of the second-generation parent plants in the primary trait and the target threshold. Similarly, This represents the relative deviation between the secondary trait screening value and the preset target threshold for the secondary trait, used to quantify the degree of difference between the performance of the second-generation parent plants in the secondary trait and the target threshold. Greater than This indicates that the difference between the second-generation parental plants and the target threshold in the second trait is smaller. The second-generation parental plants are used as the second-generation maternal plants, and the paternal material as the second-generation paternal plants; otherwise, the second-generation parental plants are used as the second-generation paternal plants, and the maternal material as the second-generation maternal plants. Backcrossing is performed on the second-generation paternal and maternal plants to obtain the second-generation hybrid population. This invention, through backcrossing the second-generation parental plants with either the paternal or maternal material, can gradually integrate superior traits and gradually increase the genetic homozygosity of the target trait, while maintaining the stability of other superior traits.

[0052] S7. Based on the second-generation hybrid individuals set, paternal materials, maternal materials, and pre-constructed repeated backcrossing methods, obtain updated primary trait screening values ​​and updated secondary trait screening values. After confirming that the updated primary trait screening values ​​and updated secondary trait screening values ​​meet the preset breeding target conditions, realize the breeding of Chinese medicinal materials based on molecular marker-assisted breeding.

[0053] It should be explained that after confirming that the updated first trait screening value and the updated second trait screening value meet the preset breeding target conditions, the process includes: comparing the updated first trait screening value with the first trait target threshold and the updated second trait screening value with the second trait target threshold respectively; if the updated first trait screening value is greater than the first trait target threshold and the updated second trait screening value is greater than the second trait target threshold, the breeding target conditions are met; otherwise, the process returns to the step of obtaining the updated first trait screening value and the updated second trait screening value based on the second-generation hybrid individual set, paternal material, maternal material and the pre-constructed repeated backcross method, until the updated first trait screening value is greater than the first trait target threshold and the updated second trait screening value is greater than the second trait target threshold.

[0054] Understandably, the repeated backcrossing method gradually fixes the target trait from the hybrid offspring through multiple backcrossing operations, while preserving the superior genetic background of the parents, until the updated first trait screening value and the updated second trait screening value of the target trait meet the preset breeding target conditions. The updated first trait screening value refers to the average of all first trait screening values ​​of the backcross offspring obtained after the latest backcross, and the updated second trait screening value refers to the average of all second trait screening values ​​of the backcross offspring obtained after the latest backcross. The first trait target threshold and the second trait target threshold are standard values ​​that are artificially preset to measure the performance of the target trait. They are specific quantitative indicators of the breeding target and are used to determine whether the individuals selected during the breeding process have reached the expected level of superior traits.

[0055] For example, taking the traditional Chinese medicine Danshen as an example, assume that the first generation of plants obtained after the first hybridization is set A, the target threshold for the first trait is that the tanshinone IIA content is greater than 2.0%, the target threshold for the second trait is that the disease resistance index is greater than 20, and the two parents are F and M respectively. The superior offspring A1 is selected from the first generation of plants A and backcrossed with the parent F or M to obtain the backcross offspring population B, in which the superior offspring A1 is the second generation of parent plants. From backcross progeny population B, superior backcross progeny B1 is selected and backcrossed again with parent F or M to obtain backcross progeny population C. If the updated primary trait screening value and updated secondary trait screening value obtained from backcross progeny population C are tanshinone IIA content of 1.8% and disease resistance index of 17, respectively, it does not currently meet the breeding target conditions of tanshinone IIA content greater than 2.0% and disease resistance index greater than 20. From backcross progeny population C, superior backcross progeny C1 is selected and backcrossed again with parent F or M to obtain backcross progeny population D. Based on backcross progeny population D, the updated primary trait screening value and updated secondary trait screening value are tanshinone IIA content of 2.1% and disease resistance index of 22, respectively, which meets the breeding target conditions of tanshinone IIA content greater than 2.0% and disease resistance index greater than 20, thus realizing the breeding of Chinese medicinal materials based on molecular marker-assisted breeding. The process of obtaining superior backcross progeny B1 and C1 is the same as that of obtaining superior progeny A1, and will not be repeated here. The embodiments of the present invention gradually fix the target trait through repeated backcrossing, and combine molecular marker-assisted breeding technology to efficiently screen out superior individuals that meet the target threshold, significantly improving breeding efficiency, shortening the breeding cycle, and ensuring that Chinese medicinal materials varieties achieve the expected superior level in the target trait.

[0056] To address the problems described in the background section, this invention obtains target medicinal herb species, acquires a target trait set based on these species, including a first target trait and a second target trait. Based on the target medicinal herb species, the target trait set, and a pre-constructed medicinal herb germplasm resource bank, a set of parental materials and a set of parental material nodes are obtained. Based on the parental material set and the parental material node set, paternal and maternal materials are obtained. This invention, through screening conditions, accurately selects parental materials that meet breeding objectives from the medicinal herb germplasm resource bank, improving breeding efficiency and offspring quality, ensuring superior target traits. The paternal and maternal material acquisition scheme flexibly and quickly identifies superior paternal and maternal materials. By selecting superior paternal materials… This invention ensures the transmission of superior traits in both paternal and maternal parent materials, increases genetic diversity in offspring, and improves breeding efficiency and success rate. Based on pre-constructed molecular marker detection technology, after confirming that the paternal and maternal materials meet the pre-constructed evaluation conditions, a hybridization operation is performed on the paternal and maternal materials to obtain a first-generation hybrid individual set. This first-generation hybrid individual set contains multiple first-generation hybrid individuals. Therefore, this invention utilizes molecular marker detection technology to accurately determine whether the paternal and maternal materials carry the target gene and the homozygosity of the gene at the genotype level, avoiding the blindness of selection based solely on phenotypic traits, improving the accuracy of parental selection, and helping to select parental combinations with greater breeding value. This invention is based on the first-generation hybrid individual set and pre-constructed detection method... The invention obtains a first-generation target individual set using a set of detection methods, including a first detection method, a second detection method, and a third detection method. This invention utilizes molecular markers, genetic effect values, and their errors to evaluate first-generation hybrid individuals, and combines genotype coding to accurately select superior first-generation hybrid individuals as first-generation target individuals, effectively improving breeding efficiency and accuracy. In this invention, each first-generation target individual in the first-generation target individual set is planted to obtain a first-generation target plant set. A first-generation pre-selected plant set is obtained based on a pre-constructed primary detection method and the first-generation target plant set. A first-generation plant set is obtained using a pre-constructed secondary detection method and the first-generation pre-selected plant set. A second-generation plant set is obtained based on the first-generation plant set, paternal material, and maternal material. The invention involves backcrossing the second-generation male and female parent plants to obtain a second-generation hybrid population. This demonstrates that by backcrossing the second-generation parent plants with either the male or female parent material, the invention can gradually integrate superior traits and increase the genetic homozygosity of the target trait, while maintaining the stability of other superior traits. Based on the second-generation hybrid population, male and female parent materials, and a pre-constructed repeated backcross method, the invention obtains updated primary and secondary trait screening values. After confirming that the updated primary and secondary trait screening values ​​meet the preset breeding target conditions, the invention achieves molecular marker-assisted breeding of Chinese medicinal herbs. Therefore, the invention gradually fixes the target trait through repeated backcrossing.By combining molecular marker-assisted breeding technology, superior individuals meeting target thresholds can be efficiently screened, significantly improving breeding efficiency, shortening the breeding cycle, and ensuring that medicinal herb varieties achieve the expected superior levels in target traits. Therefore, this invention can improve the efficiency and accuracy of medicinal herb breeding.

[0057] like Figure 2 The diagram shown is a functional block diagram of a traditional Chinese medicine breeding system based on molecular marker-assisted breeding provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] The molecular marker-assisted breeding system 100 for Chinese medicinal herbs described in this invention can be installed in an electronic device. Depending on the functions implemented, the molecular marker-assisted breeding system 100 may include a parent material acquisition module 101, a hybridization and preliminary screening module 102, a multi-level screening module 103, and a backcross and breeding evaluation module 104. The modules described in this invention can also be referred to as units, which are a series of computer program segments that can be executed by an electronic device processor and perform a fixed function, stored in the memory of the electronic device.

[0059] The parent material acquisition module 101 is used to acquire target Chinese medicinal materials, acquire a target trait set based on the target Chinese medicinal materials, wherein the target trait set includes a first target trait and a second target trait; acquire a parent material set and a parent material node set based on the target Chinese medicinal materials, the target trait set, and a pre-constructed Chinese medicinal material germplasm resource bank, and acquire paternal and maternal materials based on the parent material set and the parent material node set; the hybridization and preliminary screening module 102 is used to perform hybridization operations on the paternal and maternal materials after confirming that the paternal and maternal materials meet the pre-constructed evaluation conditions based on pre-constructed molecular marker detection technology, to obtain a first-generation hybrid individual set, wherein the first-generation hybrid individual set contains multiple first-generation hybrid individuals; acquire a first-generation target individual set based on the first-generation hybrid individual set and a pre-constructed set of detection methods, wherein the set of detection methods includes: a first detection method, a second detection method, and a third detection method. The detection method includes: the multi-level screening module 103, which plants each first-generation target individual in the first-generation target individual set to obtain a first-generation target plant set; the first-generation pre-selected plant set is obtained based on a pre-constructed primary detection method and the first-generation target plant set; and the first-generation plant set is obtained using a pre-constructed secondary detection method and the first-generation pre-selected plant set. The backcrossing and breeding evaluation module 104 is used to obtain second-generation paternal and maternal plants based on the first-generation plant set, paternal, and maternal materials; perform backcrossing on the second-generation paternal and maternal plants to obtain a second-generation hybrid individual set; and obtain updated primary trait screening values ​​and updated secondary trait screening values ​​based on the second-generation hybrid individual set, paternal, and maternal materials and a pre-constructed repeated backcrossing method. After confirming that the updated primary trait screening values ​​and updated secondary trait screening values ​​meet the preset breeding target conditions, the breeding of Chinese medicinal herbs based on molecular marker-assisted breeding is realized.

[0060] In detail, the modules in the molecular marker-assisted breeding system 100 for Chinese medicinal herbs described in this embodiment of the invention employ the same methods as described above. Figure 1 The method used is the same as the molecular marker-assisted breeding method for Chinese medicinal herbs described in the article, and can produce the same technical effects, so it will not be repeated here.

[0061] like Figure 3 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of an electronic device for implementing a molecular marker-assisted breeding method for Chinese medicinal materials, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] The electronic device 1 may include a processor 10, a memory 11 and a bus 12, and may also include a computer program stored in the memory 11 and capable of running on the processor 10, such as a program for breeding Chinese medicinal materials based on molecular marker-assisted breeding.

[0063] The memory 11 includes at least one type of readable storage medium, such as flash memory, portable hard drive, multimedia card, card-type memory (e.g., SD or DX memory), magnetic memory, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc. In some embodiments, the memory 11 can be an internal storage unit of the electronic device 1, such as the portable hard drive of the electronic device 1. In other embodiments, the memory 11 can be an external storage device of the electronic device 1, such as a plug-in portable hard drive, smart media card (SMC), secure digital card (SD), flash card, etc., equipped on the electronic device 1. Furthermore, the memory 11 includes both internal storage units and external storage devices of the electronic device 1. The memory 11 can be used not only to store application software and various types of data installed on the electronic device 1, such as the code of a molecular marker-assisted breeding method program for Chinese medicinal materials, but also to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.

[0064] In some embodiments, the processor 10 may be composed of integrated circuits, such as a single packaged integrated circuit or multiple integrated circuits with the same or different functions, including combinations of one or more central processing units (CPUs), microprocessors, digital processing chips, graphics processors, and various control chips. The processor 10 is the control unit of the electronic device, connecting various components of the entire electronic device through various interfaces and lines. It executes programs or modules stored in the memory 11 (e.g., a program for breeding methods of traditional Chinese medicinal materials based on molecular marker-assisted breeding), and calls data stored in the memory 11 to perform various functions of the electronic device 1 and process data.

[0065] The bus 12 can be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus, etc. The bus 12 can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. The bus 12 is configured to realize the connection and communication between the memory 11 and at least one processor 10, etc.

[0066] Figure 3 Only electronic devices with components are shown; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that... Figure 3The structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device 1, and may include fewer or more components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0067] For example, although not shown, the electronic device 1 may also include a power supply (such as a battery) to power the various components. Preferably, the power supply can be logically connected to the at least one processor 10 through a power management device, thereby enabling functions such as charging management, discharging management, and power consumption management. The power supply may also include one or more DC or AC power supplies, recharging devices, power fault detection circuits, power converters or inverters, power status indicators, and other arbitrary components. The electronic device 1 may also include various sensors, Bluetooth modules, Wi-Fi modules, etc., which will not be described in detail here.

[0068] Furthermore, the electronic device 1 may also include a network interface. Optionally, the network interface may include a wired interface and / or a wireless interface (such as a Wi-Fi interface, a Bluetooth interface, etc.), which is typically used to establish communication connections between the electronic device 1 and other electronic devices.

[0069] Optionally, the electronic device 1 may further include a user interface, which may be a display, an input unit (such as a keyboard), and optionally, a standard wired interface or a wireless interface. Optionally, in some embodiments, the display may be an LED display, a liquid crystal display, a touch-sensitive liquid crystal display, or an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) touchscreen, etc. The display may also be appropriately referred to as a screen or display unit, used to display information processed in the electronic device 1 and to display a visual user interface.

[0070] The program for the molecular marker-assisted breeding method of Chinese medicinal materials stored in the memory 11 of the electronic device 1 is a combination of multiple instructions. When run in the processor 10, it can achieve the following: obtaining the target Chinese medicinal material species; obtaining the target trait set based on the target Chinese medicinal material species, wherein the target trait set includes a first target trait and a second target trait; obtaining the parent material set and parent material node set based on the target Chinese medicinal material species, the target trait set, and a pre-constructed Chinese medicinal material germplasm resource bank; obtaining the paternal and maternal materials based on the parent material set and parent material node set; after confirming that the paternal and maternal materials meet the pre-constructed evaluation conditions based on the pre-constructed molecular marker detection technology, performing a hybridization operation on the paternal and maternal materials to obtain a first-generation hybrid individual set, wherein the first-generation hybrid individual set contains multiple first-generation hybrid individuals; and obtaining the first-generation target individuals based on the first-generation hybrid individual set and a pre-constructed set of detection methods. The method set includes a first detection method, a second detection method, and a third detection method. Each first-generation target individual in the first-generation target individual set is planted to obtain a first-generation target plant set. A first-generation pre-selected plant set is obtained based on a pre-constructed first-level detection method and the first-generation target plant set. A first-generation plant set is obtained using a pre-constructed second-level detection method and the first-generation pre-selected plant set. Second-generation paternal and maternal plants are obtained based on the first-generation plant set, paternal, and maternal materials. Backcrossing is performed on the second-generation paternal and maternal plants to obtain a second-generation hybrid individual set. Updated first-trait screening values ​​and updated second-trait screening values ​​are obtained based on the second-generation hybrid individual set, paternal, and maternal materials and a pre-constructed repeated backcross method. After confirming that the updated first-trait screening values ​​and updated second-trait screening values ​​meet the preset breeding target conditions, molecular marker-assisted breeding of Chinese medicinal herbs is achieved.

[0071] Specifically, the processor 10's implementation method for the above instructions can be found in [reference needed]. Figures 1 to 3 The descriptions of the relevant steps in the corresponding embodiments are not repeated here.

[0072] Furthermore, if the modules / units integrated in the electronic device 1 are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium can be volatile or non-volatile. For example, the computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, a recording medium, a USB flash drive, a portable hard drive, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a computer memory, or a read-only memory (ROM).

[0073] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When executed by a processor of an electronic device, the computer program can: acquire a target type of Chinese medicinal herb; acquire a target trait set based on the target type of Chinese medicinal herb, wherein the target trait set includes a first target trait and a second target trait; acquire a set of parental materials and a set of parental material nodes based on the target type of Chinese medicinal herb, the target trait set, and a pre-constructed Chinese medicinal herb germplasm resource bank; acquire paternal and maternal materials based on the parental material set and the parental material node set; after confirming that the paternal and maternal materials meet the pre-constructed evaluation conditions based on a pre-constructed molecular marker detection technology, perform a hybridization operation on the paternal and maternal materials to obtain a first-generation hybrid individual set, wherein the first-generation hybrid individual set contains multiple first-generation hybrid individuals; and acquire a first-generation target individual set based on the first-generation hybrid individual set and a pre-constructed set of detection methods. The detection method set includes: a first detection method, a second detection method, and a third detection method; each first-generation target individual in the first-generation target individual set is planted to obtain a first-generation target plant set; a first-generation pre-selected plant set is obtained based on a pre-constructed first-level detection method and the first-generation target plant set; a first-generation plant set is obtained using a pre-constructed second-level detection method and the first-generation pre-selected plant set; second-generation paternal and maternal plants are obtained based on the first-generation plant set, paternal and maternal materials; backcrossing is performed on the second-generation paternal and maternal plants to obtain a second-generation hybrid individual set; updated first-trait screening values ​​and updated second-trait screening values ​​are obtained based on the second-generation hybrid individual set, paternal and maternal materials, and a pre-constructed repeated backcross method; after confirming that the updated first-trait screening values ​​and updated second-trait screening values ​​meet the preset breeding target conditions, the breeding of Chinese medicinal materials based on molecular marker-assisted breeding is realized.

[0074] In the embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, systems, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the system embodiments described above are merely illustrative, and actual implementations may have other classification methods.

[0075] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as modules may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0076] Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional modules.

[0077] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

[0078] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding Chinese medicinal herbs based on molecular marker-assisted breeding, characterized in that, The method includes: acquiring target medicinal herb species; acquiring a target trait set based on the target medicinal herb species, wherein the target trait set includes a first target trait and a second target trait; acquiring a parent material set and a parent material node set based on the target medicinal herb species, the target trait set, and a pre-constructed medicinal herb germplasm resource bank; acquiring paternal and maternal materials based on the parent material set and the parent material node set; confirming that the paternal and maternal materials meet the pre-constructed evaluation conditions based on pre-constructed molecular marker detection technology; performing hybridization operations on the paternal and maternal materials to obtain a first-generation hybrid individual set, wherein the first-generation hybrid individual set contains multiple first-generation hybrid individuals; acquiring a first-generation target individual set based on the first-generation hybrid individual set and a pre-constructed set of detection methods, wherein the set of detection methods includes a first detection method and a second detection method. The method involves three detection methods: planting each first-generation target individual in the first-generation target individual set to obtain a first-generation target plant set; obtaining a first-generation pre-selected plant set based on a pre-constructed primary detection method and the first-generation target plant set; obtaining a first-generation plant set using a pre-constructed secondary detection method and the first-generation pre-selected plant set; obtaining second-generation paternal and maternal plants based on the first-generation plant set, paternal, and maternal materials; performing backcrossing on the second-generation paternal and maternal plants to obtain a second-generation hybrid individual set; obtaining updated primary trait screening values ​​and updated secondary trait screening values ​​based on the second-generation hybrid individual set, paternal, and maternal materials and a pre-constructed repeated backcross method; and confirming that the updated primary trait screening values ​​and updated secondary trait screening values ​​meet the preset breeding target conditions to achieve molecular marker-assisted breeding of Chinese medicinal herbs.

2. The method for breeding Chinese medicinal materials based on molecular marker-assisted breeding as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method of obtaining a parental material set based on the target Chinese medicinal herb species, target trait set, and pre-constructed Chinese medicinal herb germplasm resource bank includes: identifying a target germplasm set in the Chinese medicinal herb germplasm resource bank using the target Chinese medicinal herb species, wherein the target germplasm set contains multiple target germplasms, and the species of each target germplasm is the same as that of the target Chinese medicinal herb; obtaining a target germplasm node set based on the target germplasm set, wherein the target germplasm node set contains multiple target germplasm nodes, and each target germplasm node contains a first trait reference value and a second trait reference value, wherein there is a one-to-one correspondence between the target germplasm and the target germplasm node; and performing the following operation on each target germplasm node in the target germplasm node set: determining whether the pre-constructed screening conditions are met based on the target germplasm node, wherein the screening conditions are as follows: ,in, This represents the reference value of the first trait in the target germplasm node. This represents the preset initial threshold for the first trait. This represents the reference value of the second trait in the target germplasm node. This represents the preset initial threshold for the second trait; when the screening conditions are met, the target germplasm corresponding to the target germplasm node is taken as the parent material, and the target germplasm node is taken as the parent material node; the parent materials and parent material nodes are summarized respectively to obtain the parent material set and the parent material node set.

3. The method for breeding Chinese medicinal herbs based on molecular marker-assisted breeding as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The method of obtaining parental and maternal materials based on parental material sets and parental material node sets includes: constructing a scheme for obtaining parental and maternal materials based on parental material sets and parental material node sets, wherein the scheme for obtaining parental and maternal materials is as follows: ， ， in, , and These represent the parental materials collection, numbered [number]. The, the The and the first Parental materials, and These represent the nodes in the parent material set. The and the first Reference values ​​for the first trait corresponding to each node of the parental material. and These represent the nodes in the parent material set. The and the first Reference values ​​for the second trait corresponding to each parental material node This refers to the parent material. This refers to the parent material. This refers to the set of parental materials. This indicates that the parent material with the highest reference value for the first trait is selected as the paternal material. This means that the parental material with the highest reference value for the second trait is selected as the maternal material; the paternal and maternal materials are obtained based on the paternal and maternal material acquisition scheme.

4. The method for breeding Chinese medicinal herbs based on molecular marker-assisted breeding as described in claim 3, characterized in that, After confirming that the paternal and maternal materials meet the pre-constructed evaluation conditions using the pre-built molecular marker detection technology, the process includes: obtaining paternal evaluation nodes using the molecular marker detection technology and the paternal material, wherein the paternal evaluation nodes include the paternal probability of carrying the first target trait, the paternal probability of carrying the second target trait, the paternal homozygosity of the first target trait, and the paternal homozygosity of the second target trait; obtaining maternal evaluation nodes using the molecular marker detection technology and the maternal material, wherein the maternal evaluation nodes include the maternal probability of carrying the first target trait, the maternal probability of carrying the second target trait, the maternal homozygosity of the first target trait, and the maternal homozygosity of the second target trait; and determining whether the pre-constructed evaluation conditions are met based on the paternal and maternal evaluation nodes, wherein the evaluation conditions are as follows: ， ， in, and These represent the weights of the first and second target traits, respectively. and These represent the parental carry probability of the first target trait and the parental carry probability of the second target trait, respectively. and These represent the paternal homozygosity of the first target trait and the paternal homozygosity of the second target trait, respectively. and These represent the maternal carry probability of the first target trait and the maternal carry probability of the second target trait, respectively. and These represent the maternal homozygosity of the first target trait and the maternal homozygosity of the second target trait, respectively. and These represent the preset parent evaluation threshold and mother evaluation threshold, respectively. and These represent the paternal correction coefficient and the maternal correction coefficient, respectively. If the evaluation conditions are not met, obtain the parental materials and parental material nodes corresponding to the paternal and maternal materials to obtain the set of parental materials to be removed and the set of parental material nodes to be removed. Obtain an updated set of parental materials based on the set of parental materials to be removed and the set of parental materials. Obtain an updated set of parental material nodes based on the set of parental material nodes to be removed and the set of parental material nodes. Use the updated set of parental materials as the parental material set and the updated set of parental material nodes as the parental material node set, respectively, and return to the step of obtaining paternal and maternal materials based on the set of parental materials and the set of parental material nodes until the evaluation conditions are met.

5. The method for breeding Chinese medicinal herbs based on molecular marker-assisted breeding as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the first-generation target individual set based on the first-generation hybrid individual set and a pre-constructed set of detection methods includes: counting the number of first-generation hybrid individuals in the first-generation hybrid individual set to obtain the number of first-generation hybrids; performing the following operations on each first-generation hybrid individual in the first-generation hybrid individual set: obtaining a molecular marker set based on the first detection method and the first-generation hybrid individuals; wherein, the molecular marker set contains multiple molecular markers; performing the following operations on each molecular marker in the molecular marker set: obtaining genetic effect values ​​and estimation errors based on the second detection method, the first-generation hybrid individuals, and the molecular markers; obtaining genotype codes based on the third detection method, the first-generation hybrid individuals, and the molecular markers; associating the molecular markers, genetic effect values, estimation errors, and genotype codes to obtain detection nodes; summarizing the detection nodes to obtain a detection node set; summarizing the detection node sets to obtain multiple detection node sets, wherein the number of detection node sets is the number of first-generation hybrids; and obtaining the first-generation target individual set based on the number of first-generation hybrids, the detection node set, and a pre-constructed calculation formula, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: ,in, This represents the first-generation target individual set. This represents the first generation of hybrid individuals. This indicates the number of hybrids in the first generation. Indicates the total number of molecular markers in the set A molecular marker, Indicates the first The first-generation hybrid individual was in the first Genetic effect values ​​on molecular markers express The estimation error, Indicates the first The first-generation hybrid individual was in the first Genotype encoding on molecular markers This indicates the preset filtering threshold. Indicates the first Evaluation values ​​of first-generation hybrid individuals.

6. The method for breeding Chinese medicinal herbs based on molecular marker-assisted breeding as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The method for obtaining a first-generation pre-selected plant set based on a pre-constructed primary detection method and a first-generation target plant set includes: performing the following operations on each first-generation target plant in the first-generation target plant set: obtaining the first trait screening value of the first-generation target plant using the primary detection method; comparing the first trait screening value with the initial threshold of the first trait; if the first trait screening value is greater than the initial threshold of the first trait, confirming the first-generation target plant as a first-generation pre-selected plant; and summarizing the first-generation pre-selected plants to obtain the first-generation pre-selected plant set.

7. The method for breeding Chinese medicinal materials based on molecular marker-assisted breeding as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The method of obtaining the first-generation plant set using a pre-constructed secondary detection method and a first-generation pre-selected plant set includes: performing the following operations on each first-generation pre-selected plant in the first-generation pre-selected plant set: obtaining the second trait screening value of the first-generation pre-selected plant using the secondary detection method; comparing the second trait screening value with the initial threshold of the second trait; if the second trait screening value is greater than the initial threshold of the second trait, confirming the first-generation pre-selected plant as a first-generation plant; and summarizing the first-generation plants to obtain the first-generation plant set.

8. The method for breeding Chinese medicinal materials based on molecular marker-assisted breeding as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The process of obtaining second-generation paternal and maternal plants based on the first-generation plant set, paternal materials, and maternal materials includes: performing the following operation on each first-generation plant in the first-generation plant set: calculating a comprehensive screening value based on the first trait screening value, the second trait screening value, and a pre-constructed comprehensive calculation formula, wherein the comprehensive calculation formula is as follows: ,in, This represents the comprehensive screening value. This represents the screening value for the first trait. The second trait screening value is represented by [value]. The comprehensive screening values ​​are summarized to obtain a comprehensive screening value set. The first-generation plant corresponding to the largest comprehensive screening value in the set is selected as the second-generation parent plant. Based on the second-generation parent plants, paternal materials, and maternal materials, a scheme for obtaining the second-generation paternal and maternal plants is constructed, as shown below: , ,in, This represents the preset target threshold for the first trait. This represents the screening value for the first trait of the second-generation parent plants. This represents the preset target threshold for the second trait. This represents the screening value for the second trait in the second-generation parent plants. This indicates the second-generation paternal parent plant. This refers to the second-generation mother plant. This refers to the second-generation parent plants; the second-generation parent plants and second-generation maternal plants were obtained based on the second-generation male and female plant acquisition scheme.

9. The method for breeding Chinese medicinal herbs based on molecular marker-assisted breeding as described in claim 8, characterized in that, After confirming that the updated first trait screening value and the updated second trait screening value meet the preset breeding target conditions, the process includes: comparing the updated first trait screening value with the first trait target threshold and the updated second trait screening value with the second trait target threshold respectively; if the updated first trait screening value is greater than the first trait target threshold and the updated second trait screening value is greater than the second trait target threshold, the breeding target conditions are met; otherwise, the process returns to the step of obtaining the updated first trait screening value and the updated second trait screening value based on the second-generation hybrid individual set, paternal material, maternal material and the pre-constructed repeated backcross method, until the updated first trait screening value is greater than the first trait target threshold and the updated second trait screening value is greater than the second trait target threshold.

10. A molecular marker-assisted breeding system for Chinese medicinal herbs, characterized in that, The system includes: a parent material acquisition module, used to acquire target Chinese medicinal herb species, and acquire a target trait set based on the target Chinese medicinal herb species, wherein the target trait set includes a first target trait and a second target trait; an acquisition of a parent material set and a parent material node set based on the target Chinese medicinal herb species, the target trait set, and a pre-constructed Chinese medicinal herb germplasm resource bank, and acquisition of paternal and maternal materials based on the parent material set and the parent material node set; a hybridization and preliminary screening module, used to perform hybridization operations on the paternal and maternal materials after confirming that the paternal and maternal materials meet the pre-constructed evaluation conditions based on pre-constructed molecular marker detection technology, to obtain a first-generation hybrid individual set, wherein the first-generation hybrid individual set contains multiple first-generation hybrid individuals; and an acquisition of a first-generation target individual set based on the first-generation hybrid individual set and a pre-constructed set of detection methods, wherein the set of detection methods includes: a first detection method, a second detection method, and a third detection method. The system includes a first-generation target plant set and a third detection method; a multi-level screening module, used to plant each first-generation target individual in the first-generation target individual set to obtain a first-generation target plant set; a first-generation pre-selected plant set based on a pre-constructed first-level detection method and the first-generation target plant set; and a second-generation plant set using a pre-constructed second-level detection method and the first-generation pre-selected plant set. A backcross and breeding evaluation module is used to obtain second-generation paternal and maternal plants based on the first-generation plant set, paternal, and maternal materials; backcrossing is performed on the second-generation paternal and maternal plants to obtain a second-generation hybrid individual set; updated first-trait screening values ​​and updated second-trait screening values ​​are obtained based on the second-generation hybrid individual set, paternal and maternal materials, and a pre-constructed repeated backcross method; after confirming that the updated first-trait screening values ​​and updated second-trait screening values ​​meet the preset breeding target conditions, molecular marker-assisted breeding of Chinese medicinal herbs is realized.

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