Water cyclone incinerator and control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a water rotation type incinerator and a control method thereof. The water rotation type incinerator comprises a casing, a combustion chamber, an ash receiving hopper, a water rotation chamber, a pollution discharge pipe, a first liquid level sensor, a water screen, a purification module and an air draught fan. When the air draught fan is started, negative pressure is generated in an air outlet cavity, so that the liquid level in an air inlet cavity is lowered below a first arc surface, the liquid level in the air outlet cavity is raised and is below a horizontal plane where the bottom of a second baffle plate is located, and the liquid is turned over in a water guide plate. The flue gas in the combustion chamber enters the water rotation chamber through a first ventilation channel and a ventilation hole, and is washed by the turned-over liquid to remove the ash flowing with the flue gas. The water rotation type incinerator and the control method thereof have the function of purifying the flue gas generated in the incineration process, and more than 90% of PM2.5 particles in the flue gas after purification are effectively removed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of incinerator technology, and in particular to a water vortex incinerator and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Existing incinerators generally employ a basic structure combining a combustion chamber and an exhaust fan. The combustion chamber is responsible for containing and burning the materials to be processed, while the exhaust fan achieves a dual function through forced ventilation: on the one hand, it continuously supplies oxygen to the combustion chamber to improve combustion efficiency; on the other hand, it creates a negative pressure airflow to constrain the diffusion path of the flue gas, guiding it to external emission ducts. Although this structure initially solves the basic problems of combustion completeness and operational safety, it has the drawback of being unable to purify the combustion flue gas. The flue gas generated during the combustion process contains a large amount of unburned particulate matter (such as carbon dust and ash) and irritating odors, which are directly discharged into the atmosphere, making it difficult for its emission standards to meet the compliance requirements of indoor incineration sites or areas with high environmental standards.

[0003] It is evident that existing technologies still need improvement and enhancement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a water vortex incinerator and its control method, which aims to solve the technical problem that the incinerator in the prior art cannot purify and treat the combustion flue gas.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A water-swirl incinerator, characterized in that it comprises: The casing contains an incineration zone and a purification zone arranged side by side, which are connected by ventilation holes; a first ash-filtering screen is installed on the ventilation holes. The combustion chamber is located within the incineration zone, and the inner wall of the incineration zone and the outer wall of the combustion chamber are provided with a first ventilation passage; An ash hopper, located below the combustion chamber, is used to collect ash falling from the bottom of the combustion chamber. A water vortex chamber is located within the purification area and is connected to the ventilation openings. The water vortex chamber includes a first baffle plate, a second baffle plate, and a water guide plate. The water guide plate divides the water vortex chamber into an air inlet chamber and an air outlet chamber. The first baffle plate is located on the air inlet chamber and is used to block the flue gas entering the purification area from the ventilation openings and guide the flue gas to flow towards the water guide plate. The bottom of the first baffle plate has a first arc surface extending towards the water guide plate. The second baffle plate is located on the air outlet chamber and its top is connected to the first baffle plate, used to guide the flue gas to flow out from the water guide plate. The bottom of the water guide plate has a second arc surface extending towards the first baffle plate. The second arc surface is located below the first arc surface, and the horizontal plane where the first arc surface is located is lower than the horizontal plane where the bottom of the second baffle plate is located. The drain pipe is located at the bottom of the water vortex chamber and is used to discharge the ash deposited at the bottom of the water vortex chamber. The drain pipe is equipped with a drain valve. The first liquid level sensor is located in the vortex chamber and is used to detect the liquid level height in the vortex chamber. A water-blocking net is installed in the purification area and located above the water vortex chamber; The purification module is located within the purification area and above the water-resistant mesh. The exhaust fan is located at the top of the casing, and the air inlet of the exhaust fan is connected to the top of the clean area through an exhaust pipe. When the exhaust fan is started, a negative pressure is generated in the exhaust chamber, causing the liquid level in the intake chamber to drop below the first arc surface and the liquid level in the exhaust chamber to rise and be located below the horizontal plane where the bottom of the second baffle plate is located. The liquid tumbles in the water guide plate. After the flue gas in the combustion chamber enters the water swirl chamber through the first ventilation channel and ventilation hole, it is washed by the tumbling liquid to remove the ash flowing with the flue gas.

[0006] Furthermore, there is a ventilation gap between the ash receiving hopper and the bottom of the combustion chamber; a second ash-separating screen is provided between the combustion chamber and the water swirl chamber, and the second ash-separating screen is located between the ash receiving hopper and the first ash-separating screen.

[0007] Furthermore, the first ash-blocking mesh is a cylindrical mesh structure, and its axis is parallel to the axis of the ventilation hole.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a first spray pipe located between the top of the second baffle plate and the top of the water guide plate. The first spray pipe is connected to a circulation pump, which is used to draw liquid from the water vortex chamber for spraying.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes several second spray pipes located on top of the purification module. The second spray pipes are connected to a water supply device for spraying clean water onto the purification module for rinsing.

[0010] Furthermore, the housing includes a frame and an isolation plate disposed on the outer wall of the frame, and an air isolation layer is provided between the combustion chamber and the corresponding isolation plate.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes an isolation cover located inside the air inlet cavity and extending downwards, with a first liquid level sensor located inside the isolation cover for detecting the initial liquid level and working liquid level of the air inlet cavity.

[0012] Furthermore, a turbidity sensor is provided in the water vortex chamber to detect the turbidity value of the liquid in the water vortex chamber.

[0013] Furthermore, the bottom of the water vortex chamber is provided with an inclined base plate, the sewage pipe is provided on the wall of the water vortex chamber and is located near the inclined end of the base plate, the base plate is provided with a sludge scraping device, the output end of the sludge scraping device is provided with a reciprocating oscillating scraper arm, the scraper arm is hollow inside and has a first jet nozzle on both sides, and an air supply device is connected to the scraper arm.

[0014] A control method for a water-cyclone incinerator is provided, wherein the water-cyclone incinerator further includes a second liquid level sensor disposed in the air outlet chamber for detecting the working liquid level in the air outlet chamber; a water supply pipe is provided on the water-cyclone chamber for supplying industrial water to the water-cyclone chamber, and a water supply valve is provided on the water supply pipe; the control method includes: S1. The initial liquid level height H1 in the air inlet chamber is detected by the first liquid level sensor; S2. Set the initial liquid level height range [H_initial1, H_initial2]: If H1 is within the range of [H_initial1, H_initial2], the exhaust fan starts with the initial working power P_initial; at this time, negative pressure is generated in the air outlet cavity, which causes the liquid level height in the air outlet cavity to rise and the liquid level height in the air inlet cavity to fall. S3. Detect the working liquid level height H2 in the air inlet cavity using the first liquid level sensor; detect the working liquid level height H3 in the air outlet cavity using the second liquid level sensor; S4. Set the working liquid level range of the air inlet chamber [Hmin, Hmax] and the maximum allowable liquid level height H0 of the air outlet chamber; adjust the real-time working power P of the exhaust fan according to the ratio of H2 to the working liquid level range [Hmin, Hmax], while controlling H3 to remain below H0; when P increases to the maximum working power Pmax of the exhaust fan and H2 is still higher than Hmax, or when H3 is higher than H0, control the opening of the drain valve, and adjust the P of the exhaust fan according to H2, so that the overall liquid level of the air inlet and air outlet chambers decreases, H2 falls back to the range of [Hmin, Hmax], and P decreases to P_initial; when P decreases to the minimum working power Pmin of the exhaust fan and H2 is still lower than Hmin, control the opening of the water supply valve, and adjust the P of the exhaust fan according to H2, so that the overall liquid level of the air inlet and air outlet chambers rises, H2 rises to the range of [Hmin, Hmax], and P_initial rises to P_initial.

[0015] Beneficial effects: This invention provides a water vortex incinerator and its control method. A negative pressure is generated by an exhaust fan, which lowers the liquid level in the air inlet chamber and raises the liquid level in the air outlet chamber. High-speed airflow drives the liquid flow, and the first baffle plate and water guide plate cause the liquid to churn violently. The flue gas in the combustion process enters the water vortex chamber along the first ventilation channel and is deeply cleaned by the churning liquid. After being dehydrated by a water-blocking mesh and deodorized and removed by a purification module, it meets the emission standards. The purified flue gas effectively removes more than 90% of PM2.5 particles. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A side sectional view of the water vortex incinerator provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A side sectional view of the vortex chamber in the vortex incinerator provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the flue gas flow direction of the water vortex incinerator provided by the present invention; Figure 4 A top sectional view of the water vortex incinerator provided by the present invention; Figure 5 A rear sectional view of the water vortex incinerator provided by the present invention; Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the floating filter assembly in the water vortex incinerator provided by the present invention; Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of the sludge scraping device in the water-cyclone incinerator provided by the present invention; Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the sludge scraping device in the water-cyclone incinerator provided by the present invention. Figure 9 A flowchart of the control method for the water-cyclone incinerator provided by the present invention.

[0017] Reference numerals: 1. Casing; 11. Incineration zone; 12. Purification zone; 13. Ventilation hole; 14. First ash-separating mesh; 15. Frame; 16. Isolation plate; 17. Air isolation layer; 2. Combustion chamber; 21. First ventilation channel; 22. Discharge hole; 23. Fireproof wall; 24. Third ash-separating mesh; 25. Second ventilation channel; 3. Ash hopper; 3. Ventilation gap; 31. Second ash-separating mesh; 32. Water swirl chamber; 4. First wind baffle; 41. First arc surface; 411. Second wind baffle; 42. Water guide plate; 43. Second arc surface; 431. Air inlet chamber; 44. Air outlet chamber; 45. First spray pipe; 46. First spray head; 461. Circulation pump; 47. Extraction pump. 471, suction pipe, 472, bottom plate, 48, floating filter assembly, 49, float plate, 492, conical filter screen, 5, drain pipe, 51, water supply pipe, 52, first liquid level sensor, 6, isolation cover, 61, second liquid level sensor, 62, water-proof net, 7, purification module, 71, second spray pipe, 72, second spray head, 721, cabinet door, 73, exhaust fan, 8, exhaust pipe, 9, sludge scraping device, 91, first jet head, 92, second jet head, 93, swing mechanism, 941, rotating shaft, 942, rack, 943, drive cylinder, 10, observation window. Detailed Implementation

[0018] This invention provides a water-swirl incinerator and its control method. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of this invention clearer and more explicit, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or a specific orientational structure and operation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, "first" and "second" are only for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0020] Please see Figures 1 to 8As shown, the present invention provides a water-cyclone incinerator, comprising: a casing 1, a combustion chamber 2, an ash hopper 3, a water-cyclone chamber 4, a drain pipe 5, a first liquid level sensor 6, a water-blocking mesh 7, a purification module 71, and an exhaust fan 8. A combustion zone 11 and a purification zone 12 are arranged side-by-side within the casing 1, and are connected by a ventilation hole 13. A first ash-blocking mesh 14 is provided on the ventilation hole 13. The combustion chamber 2 is located within the combustion zone 11, and a first ventilation channel 21 is provided between the inner wall of the combustion zone 11 and the outer wall of the combustion chamber 2. The ash hopper 3 is located below the combustion chamber 2 and is used to collect ash falling from the bottom of the combustion chamber 2. A water vortex chamber 4 is located within the purification zone 12 and is connected to the ventilation hole 13. The water vortex chamber 4 includes a first baffle plate 41, a second baffle plate 42, and a water guide plate 43. The water guide plate 43 divides the water vortex chamber 4 into an air inlet chamber 44 and an air outlet chamber 45. The first baffle plate 41 is located on the air inlet chamber 44 and is used to block the flue gas entering the purification zone 12 from the ventilation hole 13 and guide the flue gas to flow towards the water guide plate 43. The bottom of the first baffle plate 41 is provided with a first arc surface 411 extending towards the water guide plate 43. The second baffle plate 42 is located on the air outlet chamber 45 and its top is connected to the first baffle plate 41. It is used to guide the flue gas from the water outlet chamber 45. Water flows out from plate 43; the bottom of the water guide plate 43 is provided with a second arc surface 431 extending towards the first baffle plate 41, the second arc surface 431 is located below the first arc surface 411, and the horizontal plane where the first arc surface 411 is located is lower than the horizontal plane where the bottom of the second baffle plate 42 is located; the drain pipe 5 is located at the bottom of the water vortex chamber 4, used to discharge the ash deposited at the bottom of the water vortex chamber 4, and the drain pipe 5 is provided with a drain valve; the first liquid level sensor 6 is located inside the water vortex chamber 4, used to detect the liquid level height inside the water vortex chamber 4; the water-blocking net 7 is located inside the purification zone 12, and is located above the water vortex chamber 4; the purification module 71 is located inside the purification zone 12. The exhaust fan 8 is located above the water-proof net 7; the exhaust fan 8 is located on the top of the housing 1, and the air inlet of the exhaust fan 8 is connected to the top of the purification zone 12 through the exhaust pipe 81; when the exhaust fan 8 is started, a negative pressure is generated in the air outlet cavity 45, which causes the liquid level in the air inlet cavity 44 to drop below the first arc surface 411, and the liquid level in the air outlet cavity 45 to rise and be located below the horizontal plane where the bottom of the second baffle plate 42 is located. The liquid is overturned in the water guide plate 43; after the flue gas in the combustion chamber 2 enters the water vortex chamber 4 along the first ventilation channel 21 and ventilation hole 13, it is washed by the overturned liquid to remove the ash flowing with the flue gas.

[0021] As described above, the combustion chamber 2 has a feeding hole 22 on one side that communicates with the casing 1, and heat-insulating and waterproof fire-resistant walls 23 on the other three sides. A third ash-separating mesh 24 is provided at the top and bottom of each wall. During incineration, the incinerating material is fed into the combustion chamber 2 through the feeding hole 22. The fire-resistant walls 23 effectively block high temperatures and prevent the fire from spreading. The flue gas generated by combustion flows upward through the first ventilation channel 21, while the ash falls through the bottom third ash-separating mesh 24 into the ash collection hopper 3 below.

[0022] Specifically, the bottom of the ash hopper 3 is equipped with a first roller to facilitate moving the ash hopper 3 when cleaning ash; the bottom of the casing 1 is also equipped with a second roller so that the entire water vortex incinerator can be flexibly pushed to a designated position for use.

[0023] In operation, the first liquid level sensor 6 detects the initial liquid level in the vortex chamber 4. When the liquid level falls within the initial liquid level range, the exhaust fan 8 is activated. Under negative pressure, the liquid level in the outlet chamber 45 rises, while the liquid level in the inlet chamber 44 decreases. At this time, the second ventilation channel 25 is formed by the ventilation hole 13, the first baffle plate 41, the water guide plate 43, and the second baffle plate 42. The gas flow direction is as follows: combustion chamber 2, first ventilation channel 21, second ventilation channel 25, outlet chamber 45, water barrier 7, purification module 71, exhaust pipe 81, and finally exhaust fan 8. Since the liquid level in the inlet chamber 44 is lower than the first arc surface 411, the high-speed airflow drives the liquid movement. Combined with the synergistic effect of the first arc surface 411, the second arc surface 431, and the water guide plate 43, the liquid violently tumbles between the water guide plate 43 and the first baffle plate 41. During incineration, the flue gas is deeply washed by the overturning liquid as it enters the second ventilation channel 25. After being dehydrated by the water-proof net 7 and deodorized and harmed by the purification module 71, it meets the emission standards. The purified flue gas effectively removes more than 90% of the PM2.5 particles.

[0024] Ash settles at the bottom of the vortex chamber 4. When draining, the drain valve is opened, and the ash is discharged through the drain pipe 5. After draining, the water supply valve is opened, and industrial water enters the vortex chamber 4 through the water supply pipe 52, reducing the slurry concentration in the vortex chamber 4 while maintaining the liquid level.

[0025] Optionally, the purification module 71 employs a cylindrical electrostatic field, a barbed electrostatic field, or a plate-type electrostatic field. Each electrostatic field efficiently adsorbs extremely fine particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in the flue gas, achieving deep purification of the flue gas. Two purification modules 71 and a water-proof mesh 7 are arranged vertically within the purification zone 12. The side of the housing 1 is provided with an openable cabinet door 73 corresponding to the position of the purification module 71, allowing for convenient disassembly and maintenance of the purification module 71 and the water-proof mesh 7 by opening the cabinet door 73.

[0026] Preferably, such as Figure 2 As shown, the upper part of the water guide plate 43 is inclined towards the first wind deflector plate 41 to further guide the water to tumble violently between the water guide plate 43 and the first wind deflector plate 41, thereby improving the sufficiency of contact between the liquid and the flue gas.

[0027] Preferably, such as Figure 2As shown, the side wall of the water vortex chamber 4 is provided with a transparent observation window 10. The observation window 10 corresponds to the positions of the first wind baffle 41, the second wind baffle 42 and the water guide plate 43. The operator can directly observe the tumbling state of the liquid in the water vortex chamber 4 through the observation window 10.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, see [reference] Figure 1 , 3 A ventilation gap 31 is provided between the ash hopper 3 and the bottom of the combustion chamber 2; a second ash-separating screen 32 is provided between the combustion chamber 2 and the water swirl chamber 4, and the second ash-separating screen 32 is located between the ash hopper 3 and the first ash-separating screen 14. When the exhaust fan 8 is running, it generates a negative pressure effect, and the air forms a dual supplementary airflow: the main airflow enters the combustion chamber 2 directly through the inlet hole 22, while the auxiliary airflow flows upward from the ventilation gap 31, passes through the third ash-separating screen 24 at the bottom of the combustion chamber 2 and flows upward into the combustion chamber 2. The dual airflows simultaneously supplement the combustion chamber 2, making the burning material burn more completely. When the flue gas generated by combustion flows along the first ventilation channel 21, some of the larger ash particles fall downward due to their own weight, and fall into the ash hopper 3 below after passing through the second ash-separating screen 32; the remaining flue gas carrying fine particles continues to enter the water swirl chamber 4 through the first ash-separating screen 14, realizing coarse filtration of ash.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, see [reference] Figure 1 , 3 The first ash screen 14 is a cylindrical mesh structure, and its axis is parallel to the axis of the ventilation hole 13. That is, the two ends of the first ash screen 14 abut against the ventilation hole 13 and the wall of the combustion chamber 2, respectively. The cylindrical mesh wall is designed to form an annular filter surface. Compared with setting a planar ash screen directly on the ventilation hole 13, it can increase the effective filtration area, so that the flue gas can enter the water swirl chamber 4 more smoothly after being filtered by the first ash screen 14.

[0030] In the alternative, the first ash screen 14 can be a quadrilateral column mesh structure or a polygonal column mesh structure. However, such a design with a planar filter surface is more prone to ash accumulation than an arc-shaped filter surface. After long-term use, the ash will block the pores of the first ash screen 14, thereby reducing the ventilation efficiency.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, see [reference] Figure 1 , 3It also includes a first spray pipe 46 located between the top of the second baffle plate 42 and the top of the water guide plate 43. The first spray pipe 46 is connected to a circulation pump 47, which is used to draw liquid from the water vortex chamber 4 for spraying. When the circulation pump 47 starts, it draws and pressurizes the liquid in the water vortex chamber 4 and delivers it to the first spray pipe 46. The first spray pipe 46 is horizontally arranged along the top of the second baffle plate 42, and its bottom is provided with a first water spray head 461. The liquid is sprayed downward through multiple first water spray heads 461 to form a uniform water curtain. The water curtain directly intercepts residual particulate matter in the rising flue gas, enhancing the purification effect, and the water curtain can further cool the flue gas.

[0032] Preferably, the first spray head 461 is provided in two rows. One row of the first spray head 461 faces the area between the first baffle plate 41 and the water guide plate 43. This row of first spray heads 461 accurately rinses the liquid overflow area, achieving deep cleaning of ash and pre-cooling of flue gas. The other row of first spray heads 461 faces the area between the second baffle plate 42 and the water guide plate 43. This row of first spray heads 461 covers the second ventilation channel 25 located in the air outlet cavity 45, enhancing the interception of fine particles and further cooling the flue gas, significantly improving purification efficiency and extending the self-cleaning cycle of the equipment.

[0033] Further, see Figure 5 , 6 To enable the circulating pump 47 to draw relatively clean liquid from the upper liquid surface area of ​​the water vortex chamber 4, the inlet end of the circulating pump 47 is connected to a suction pipe 471, with a floating filter assembly 49 at its end. The floating filter assembly 49 includes a float plate 491 and at least one layer of conical filter screen 492. The conical filter screen 492 is installed at the bottom of the float plate 491. The lower end of the suction pipe 471 penetrates the float plate 491 and extends into the internal space of the conical filter screen 492, with its bottom closed and multiple water inlet holes 472 only opened on the peripheral wall near the bottom. During operation, the float plate 491, under buoyancy, supports the entire assembly and suspends it above the liquid surface (5-10 cm below the liquid surface), ensuring that the water inlet holes 472 are always submerged in the low-ash area. The liquid first passes through the conical filter screen 492 to intercept fine ash, and then enters the suction pipe 471 through the water inlet holes 472. The multi-layered conical filter screen 492 forms a gradient filtration barrier, ensuring that only clean liquid is delivered to the first spray pipe 46 for recycling. At the same time, it also reduces the possibility of clogging of the first spray head 461.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, see [reference] Figure 1It also includes several second spray pipes 72 located on top of the purification module 71. Each second spray pipe 72 is connected to a water supply device for spraying clean water onto the purification module 71 for rinsing. Each second spray pipe 72 has a downward-facing second spray head 721, with the second spray heads 721 on adjacent second spray pipes 72 staggered to eliminate blind spots. After the purification module 71 has been running for a period of time, the water supply device is activated to cover the entire purification module 71 with water, automatically removing accumulated dust and oily deposits from the electrode plates and effectively extending the cleaning cycle.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, see [reference] Figure 4 The housing 1 includes a frame 15 and an isolation plate 16 disposed on the outer wall of the frame 15. An air isolation layer 17 is provided between the combustion chamber 2 and the corresponding isolation plate 16. Accordingly, an air isolation layer 17 is provided between the isolation plate 16 and the periphery of the combustion zone 11 and the purification zone 12. The air isolation layer 17 forms a highly efficient heat insulation barrier to prevent the surface temperature of the isolation plate 16 from becoming too high, and there is no risk of burns when operators come into direct contact with it.

[0036] Preferably, the partition plate 16 is filled with high-temperature resistant heat-insulating cotton, such as ceramic fiber cotton, to further enhance its heat insulation effect.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, see [reference] Figure 2 It also includes an isolation cover 61 located within the air inlet cavity 44 and extending downwards. A first liquid level sensor 6 is located within the isolation cover 61 and is used to detect the initial liquid level and working liquid level of the air inlet cavity 44. The isolation cover 61 has openings at both the top and bottom, achieving a communication effect through the bottom opening, keeping the liquid level inside the isolation cover 61 synchronized with the liquid level in the air inlet cavity 44. At the same time, the isolation cover 61 extends vertically to the lower stable liquid zone of the air inlet cavity 44, and its sidewalls form a fluid damping barrier, preventing the energy fluctuations of the external liquid surface from being transmitted into the isolation cover 61. This allows the first liquid level sensor 6 to perform detection at a stable liquid level, thereby improving detection accuracy.

[0038] In the above, the first liquid level sensor 6 is a capacitive liquid level sensor, which can detect the liquid level height in real time.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, see [reference] Figure 5 The vortex chamber 4 is equipped with a turbidity sensor 51, which is used to detect the turbidity value of the liquid in the vortex chamber 4. Optionally, the turbidity sensor 51 is a 90° scattering digital sensor. When the detected turbidity value reaches a preset value, the drain valve is automatically opened to discharge the deposited ash in a timely manner, preventing the ash from hardening and clogging the drain pipe 5. At the same time, the water supply valve can be opened, and industrial water is replenished into the vortex chamber 4 in a timely manner through the water supply pipe 52 to ensure that the liquid level in the vortex chamber 4 meets the requirements for cleaning flue gas.

[0040] Further, see Figure 5 , 7 8. The bottom of the water vortex chamber 4 is provided with an inclined base plate 48. The sewage pipe 5 is located on the wall of the water vortex chamber 4 and is located near the inclined end of the base plate 48. The inclined base plate 48 can guide the ash to be deposited in a directional manner towards the sewage outlet by gravity. The base plate 48 is provided with a sludge scraping device 9. The output end of the sludge scraping device 9 is provided with a reciprocating scraper arm 91. The scraper arm 91 is hollow inside and has first air jets 92 on both sides. An air supply device is connected to the scraper arm 91. After a period of use, the sludge scraping device 9 drives the scraper arm 91 to swing, and the scraper arm 91 disturbs the deposited ash on the base plate 48. At the same time, the air supply device injects compressed gas into the scraper arm 91. The compressed gas is sprayed out through multiple first air jets 92 to further disturb the ash and break the ash compaction structure.

[0041] Preferably, the scraper arm 91 is provided with a second jet head 93 on the end face near the drain pipe 5. When the second jet head 93 directionally sprays the drain pipe 5, it promotes the movement of ash at that position and avoids blockage of the drain pipe 5.

[0042] Specifically, see Figure 8 The sludge scraping device 9 also includes a swing mechanism 94, which includes a rotating shaft 941 fixed in the middle of the scraper arm 91, a gear 942 on the rotating shaft 941, a rack 943 slidably connected to the bottom of the base plate 48, and a drive cylinder 944 at the bottom of the base plate 48. The extension rod of the drive cylinder 944 drives the rack 943 to reciprocate and translate. The rack 943 meshes with the gear 942, driving the rotating shaft 941 to reciprocate and rotate, thereby driving the scraper arm 91 to swing back and forth.

[0043] In summary, the present invention arranges the incineration zone 11 and the purification zone 12 in parallel within the casing 1: the incineration zone 11 adopts a dual-supply oxygen design—after the incineration material is fed in, the main airflow enters the combustion chamber 2 through the feeding hole 22, and the auxiliary airflow is injected synchronously through the ventilation gap 31 and the third ash screen 24 at the bottom of the combustion chamber 2. The two coordinated airflows ensure that the combustibles are fully burned; among the combustion products, the heavier ash falls directly into the ash hopper 3, while the fine particles flow with the flue gas through the first ventilation channel 21 and the second ventilation channel 25 in sequence. Driven by the negative pressure of the exhaust fan 8, a dynamic liquid level difference is formed in the water vortex chamber 4—the liquid level in the air inlet chamber 44 drops and the liquid level in the air outlet chamber 45 rises. The high-speed airflow drives the liquid movement. Combined with the action of the first arc surface 411, the second arc surface 431 and the water guide plate 43, the liquid violently tumbles between the water guide plate 43 and the first baffle plate 41, forming a high-efficiency washing zone. At this time, the dusty flue gas is deeply washed when it passes through this zone. Simultaneously, the flue gas passing through the second ventilation channel 25 is further washed and cooled by the first spray pipe 46. Finally, after being dehydrated by the water-blocking net 7 and deodorized and harmed by the purification module 71, it achieves the standard emission. The PM2.5 removal rate in the purified flue gas is more than 90%.

[0044] Refer to Figure 9 Figure 9 , the present invention also provides a control method for a water-spray type incinerator, which is applied to the water-spray type incinerator. The water-spray type incinerator further includes a second liquid level sensor 62 disposed in the air outlet chamber 45 for detecting the working liquid level of the air outlet chamber 45. Similarly, an isolation cover 61 is disposed in the air outlet chamber 45, and the second liquid level sensor 62 is disposed in the isolation cover 61 to improve the accuracy of detecting the liquid level height in the air outlet chamber 45 by the second liquid level sensor 62. A water supply pipe 52 is disposed on the water-spray chamber 4 for supplying industrial water to the water-spray chamber 4. A water supply valve is disposed on the water supply pipe 52. The control method includes: S1. Detect the initial liquid level height H1 in the air inlet chamber 44 through the first liquid level sensor 6.

[0045] S2. Set the initial liquid level height range [H initial1, H initial2]: If H1 is within the range of [H initial1, H initial2], the exhaust fan 8 starts with the initial working power P initial; at this time, a negative pressure is generated in the air outlet chamber 45, resulting in an increase in the liquid level height of the air outlet chamber 45 and a decrease in the liquid level height of the air inlet chamber 44.

[0046] In this embodiment, when the initial liquid level height H1 of the air inlet chamber 44 is within the range of [H initial1, H initial2], the exhaust fan 8 starts with a specific working power. At this working power, the liquid level height of the air inlet chamber 44 tends to be within the range of [H min, H max], and the liquid level height of the air outlet chamber 45 rises to H0. Under the above set conditions, the water-spray type incinerator is in a better operating state, obtaining good flue gas purification effect and lower energy consumption of the exhaust fan 8; however, when H1 is not within the range of [H initial1, H initial2], if H1 > H initial2, open the sewage discharge valve, and the sewage discharge pipe 5 discharges part of the liquid in the water-spray chamber 4 until H1 < H initial2. If H1 < H initial1, open the water supply valve, and the water supply pipe 52 supplies industrial water to the water-spray chamber 4 until H1 > H initial1, ensuring that the initial liquid level height in the water-spray chamber 4 meets the condition for starting the exhaust fan 8.

[0047] S3. Detect the working liquid level height H2 of the air inlet chamber 44 through the first liquid level sensor 6; detect the working liquid level height H3 in the air outlet chamber 45 through the second liquid level sensor 62; detect the liquid levels of the air inlet chamber 44 and the air outlet chamber 45 in real time during the working process through the first liquid level sensor 6 and the second liquid level sensor 62 to ensure the smooth progress of washing the flue gas. [[ID=##]]

[0048] S4. Set the working liquid level range [Hmin, Hmax] of the air inlet chamber 44 and the maximum allowable liquid level height H0 of the air outlet chamber 45; according to the ratio of H2 to the working liquid level range [Hmin, Hmax], adjust the real-time working power Preal of the exhaust fan 8, and at the same time control H3 to be kept lower than H0, specifically by a PID controller to adjust Preal. During the operation of the equipment, the liquid will be discharged into the atmosphere along with the gas, so there is a situation of liquid loss, or in specific cases, industrial water is forcibly supplemented into the equipment, so there is a situation of liquid increase. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the liquid level in each chamber in real time and adjust the real-time working power of the exhaust fan 8 to ensure that the equipment provides the best cleaning conditions for the flue gas.

[0049] In the above, it is also necessary to set the maximum working power Pmax and the minimum working power Pmin of the exhaust fan 8. When the exhaust fan 8 operates at the maximum working power Pmax, the energy consumption increases; when the exhaust fan 8 operates at the minimum working power Pmax, it can only drive the liquid to move slightly, and the effect of cleaning the flue gas is poor.

[0050] When Preal increases to the maximum working power Pmax of the exhaust fan 8 and H2 is still higher than Hmax, or when H3 is higher than H0, control the opening of the sewage discharge valve, and adjust Preal of the exhaust fan 8 according to H2 to make the overall liquid level of the air inlet chamber 44 and the air outlet chamber 45 drop, H2 fall back within the range of [Hmin, Hmax], and Preal drop to Pinitial; when Preal drops to the minimum working power Pmin of the exhaust fan 8 and H2 is still lower than Hmin, control the opening of the water replenishing valve, and adjust Preal of the exhaust fan 8 according to H2 to make the overall liquid level of the air inlet chamber 44 and the air outlet chamber 45 rise, H2 rise within the range of [Hmin, Hmax], and Preal rise to Pinitial.

[0051] Specifically, in the case of H2 < Hmin, reduce the real-time working power Preal of the exhaust fan 8. If Preal drops to Pmin, control the opening of the water replenishing valve: open the water replenishing valve to a larger opening (such as 70% - 90% of the maximum opening) to quickly supplement industrial water and make the overall liquid level of the air inlet chamber 44 and the air outlet chamber 45 rise. Also monitor the change of H2 in real time. If the liquid level rises too fast, reduce the opening of the water replenishing valve; if it is too slow, increase the opening. Based on the liquid level deviation eH2 = Hmin H2 is adjusted using proportional control to regulate the opening degree Ocomplement of the water supply valve, i.e., Ocomplement = Kcomplement × eH2 (Kcomplement is the proportional coefficient of the water supply valve opening, which needs to be determined through debugging), and a reasonable opening range is set. The real-time operating power P of the exhaust fan 8 is adjusted: the exhaust fan 8 is kept running at its minimum operating power Pmin for a period of time (e.g., 5-10 seconds) to maintain the system's basic negative pressure. Then, based on the upward trend of H2, Preal-time is adjusted using a PID control algorithm. Using the deviation between H2 and Hmin as input, as H2 rises closer to Hmin, Preal-time is gradually increased until H2 rises to the range [Hmin, Hmax] and Preal-time rises to the initial power Pinitial, ensuring the system returns to a stable operating state. The drain valve is controlled during this stage to prevent liquid discharge from affecting the rise in liquid level.

[0052] When H2 > Hmax, increase the real-time operating power P_real-time of the exhaust fan 8. If P_real-time reaches Pmax, or H3 > H0, control the drain valve opening: prioritize quickly opening the drain valve to a larger opening (e.g., 70% - 90% of the maximum opening) to accelerate liquid discharge and cause the overall liquid level in the inlet chamber 44 and outlet chamber 45 to drop. Simultaneously monitor the rate of change of H2 and H3 in real time. If the liquid level drops too quickly, appropriately reduce the drain valve opening; if the drop is too slow, increase the drain valve opening to ensure the liquid level falls back at an appropriate speed. Establish the correlation between the drain valve opening O_discharge and the liquid level deviation, assuming the liquid level deviation e′H2 = H2 Hmax (when H3>H0, with H3 as the criterion) (H0 is the primary reference). The opening of the drain valve can be initially adjusted using proportional control, i.e., O_drain = K_drain × e′H2 (K_drain is the proportional coefficient of the drain valve opening, which needs to be determined based on the actual system characteristics). Upper and lower limits for the opening are set to prevent over-adjustment. Real-time adjustment of the exhaust fan 8's operating power P: The exhaust fan 8 is kept running at its current maximum operating power Pmax for a period of time (e.g., 5-10 seconds) to maintain the system's negative pressure and lower the auxiliary liquid level. Then, based on the decreasing trend of H2, a PID control algorithm is used to adjust P_real-time. The deviation between H2 and Hmax is used as the input to the PID controller. When H2 approaches Hmax, P_real-time is gradually reduced until H2 falls back to the range [Hmin, Hmax], and P_real-time drops to the initial power P_initial. During the specific adjustment process, the proportional element responds quickly based on the current deviation, the integral element eliminates steady-state error, and the derivative element predicts the deviation change trend and adjusts in advance to achieve a smooth transition. Water supply valve control: During this stage, the water supply valve is kept closed to avoid difficulty in controlling the liquid level due to water supply.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the method further includes: setting an allowable turbidity range [Zmin, Zmax], and detecting the real-time turbidity value Z1 through the turbidity sensor 51; when Z1 > Zmax, the drain valve and the water supply valve are opened simultaneously, and the water supply speed of the water supply valve is equal to the drain valve's discharge speed, until Z1 falls back to the range of [Zmin, Zmax]; during this process, H2 is kept within the range of [Hmin, Hmax], and H3 is lower than H0, and the real-time power adjustment of the exhaust fan 8 can be performed according to step 4.

[0054] Specifically, the flow rate balance control method is as follows: The initial flow rate Vtotal is set according to the system characteristics, typically 60%~80% of the maximum flow rate, i.e., Vtotal = Vinitial = Vdischarge. The flow rate can be controlled by adjusting the opening of the drain valve and the water supply valve to maintain liquid level balance and reduce the slurry concentration in the vortex chamber 4. Flow meters are installed on the water supply pipe 52 and the drain pipe 5 to measure the liquid flow rate in real time. Liquid level deviation response: The liquid level height H2 in the air inlet chamber 44 is detected in real time, and the deviation from the target value Htarget is calculated as ΔH = H2 - Htarget, where: The total flow rate Vtotal is dynamically adjusted based on ΔH: When ΔH > 0 (liquid level is too high), Vtotal is reduced proportionally: Vtotal = Vtotalinitial × (1 + K1·ΔH); when ΔH < 0 (liquid level is too low), Vtotal is increased proportionally: Vtotal = Vtotalinitial × (1 + K2·|ΔH|). Where K1 and K2 are flow rate adjustment coefficients (e.g., 0.2~0.8).

[0055] Turbidity and liquid level coordinated control: H2 is collected every 200ms, and Vtotal is adjusted via a PID controller to ensure H2 remains within the target range. If H2 approaches the boundary value (e.g., H2 > Hmax × 0.95), the liquid level deviation response mode is activated, turbidity adjustment is paused, Vcompensation = Vdischarge, and Vtotal is rapidly adjusted. Z1 is collected every 1 second to calculate the turbidity change rate. : like (Turbidity decreases rapidly), maintaining the current total V; like (Turbidity decreases slowly), gradually increase total V (increase by 3%-5% each time); like (Turbidity increases), triggering the equipment alarm system and checking the quality of the replenishment water.

[0056] When Z1≤Zmax, and If the condition persists for more than 60 seconds, gradually reduce the total volume (V) to zero and close the water inlet valve and drain valve.

[0057] The working power of the exhaust fan 8 is adaptively adjusted: During the water change process, the power of the exhaust fan 8 needs to be compensated according to the liquid level fluctuation: When |H2-H target|>5%, the real-time working power P of the exhaust fan 8 is finely adjusted by the PID controller to compensate for the system resistance change caused by the liquid level change.

[0058] To prevent the control method from failing, the following protection mechanisms are added: (1) Liquid level over-limit protection: When H2>Hmax or H3>H0, water exchange is immediately suspended, the water supply valve is closed, and the drain valve is kept open until the liquid level returns to a safe range. (2) Turbidity abnormality protection: If Z1 does not decrease by more than 10% after 10 minutes of water exchange, an audible and visual alarm is triggered, prompting the inspection of the water supply source and drain pipe 5. (3) Flow rate out-of-synchronization protection: When |V_supply - V_discharge|>5% and continues for more than 3 seconds, V_total is automatically reduced to 50% of the initial value, and an attempt is made to resynchronize the flow rate. Through the above control methods, the dual objectives of turbidity reduction and liquid level stability can be achieved under the condition that the water supply rate is strictly equal to the drain rate. Compared with the traditional method, this scheme has higher requirements for sensor accuracy and control algorithm, but it can effectively avoid the system complexity caused by the additional water supply.

[0059] It is understood that those skilled in the art can make equivalent substitutions or modifications to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, and all such substitutions or modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A water-swirl incinerator, characterized in that, include: The casing (1) has an incineration zone (11) and a purification zone (12) arranged side by side inside, and the incineration zone (11) and the purification zone (12) are connected by a ventilation hole (13); a first ash screen (14) is provided on the ventilation hole (13). Combustion chamber (2) is located in incineration zone (11), and a first ventilation channel (21) is provided between the inner wall of incineration zone (11) and the outer wall of combustion chamber (2). Ash hopper (3) is located below combustion chamber (2) and is used to collect ash falling from the bottom of combustion chamber (2); A water vortex chamber (4) is located within the purification zone (12) and is connected to the ventilation hole (13). The water vortex chamber (4) includes a first baffle plate (41), a second baffle plate (42), and a water guide plate (43). The water guide plate (43) divides the water vortex chamber (4) into an air inlet chamber (44) and an air outlet chamber (45). The first baffle plate (41) is located on the air inlet chamber (44) and is used to block the flue gas entering the purification zone (12) from the ventilation hole (13) and guide the flue gas to flow towards the water guide plate (43). The bottom of the first baffle plate (41) A first arc surface (411) extending toward the guide plate (43) is provided; a second baffle plate (42) is provided on the air outlet cavity (45) and its top is connected to the first baffle plate (41) to guide the flue gas out of the guide plate (43); the bottom of the guide plate (43) is provided with a second arc surface (431) extending toward the first baffle plate (41), the second arc surface (431) is located below the first arc surface (411), and the horizontal plane where the first arc surface (411) is located is lower than the horizontal plane where the bottom of the second baffle plate (42) is located; The drain pipe (5) is located at the bottom of the water vortex chamber (4) and is used to discharge the ash deposited at the bottom of the water vortex chamber (4). The drain pipe (5) is equipped with a drain valve. The first liquid level sensor (6) is installed inside the water vortex chamber (4) and is used to detect the liquid level height inside the water vortex chamber (4); A water-blocking net (7) is installed in the purification area (12) and located above the water vortex chamber (4); The purification module (71) is located in the purification area (12) and above the water-proof net (7); An exhaust fan (8) is located on the top of the casing (1), and the air inlet of the exhaust fan (8) is connected to the top of the purification area (12) through an exhaust pipe (81). When the exhaust fan (8) is started, a negative pressure is generated in the exhaust chamber (45), causing the liquid level in the intake chamber (44) to drop below the first arc surface (411), and the liquid level in the exhaust chamber (45) to rise and be located below the horizontal plane where the bottom of the second baffle plate (42) is located. The liquid overturns in the water guide plate (43). After the flue gas in the combustion chamber (2) enters the water swirl chamber (4) along the first ventilation channel (21) and ventilation hole (13), it is flushed by the overturned liquid to remove the ash flowing with the flue gas.

2. The water-swirl incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, There is a ventilation gap (31) between the ash receiving hopper (3) and the bottom of the combustion chamber (2); a second ash-isolating mesh (32) is provided between the combustion chamber (2) and the water swirl chamber (4), and the second ash-isolating mesh (32) is located between the ash receiving hopper (3) and the first ash-isolating mesh (14).

3. The water-swirl incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first dust-proof mesh (14) is a cylindrical mesh structure, and its axis is parallel to the axis of the ventilation hole (13).

4. The water-swirl incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first spray pipe (46) located between the top of the second baffle plate (42) and the top of the water guide plate (43), the first spray pipe (46) being connected to a circulation pump (47), the circulation pump (47) being used to draw liquid from the water vortex chamber (4) for spraying.

5. The water-swirl incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes several second spray pipes (72) located on the top of the purification module (71). The second spray pipes (72) are connected to a water supply device for spraying clean water onto the purification module (71) for rinsing.

6. The water-swirl incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing (1) includes a frame (15) and an isolation plate (16) disposed on the outer wall of the frame (15). An air isolation layer (17) is provided between the combustion chamber (2) and the corresponding isolation plate (16).

7. The water-swirl incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an isolation cover (61) located inside the air inlet cavity (44) and extending downward, and a first liquid level sensor (6) located inside the isolation cover (61) for detecting the initial liquid level and working liquid level of the air inlet cavity (44).

8. The water-swirl incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water vortex chamber (4) is equipped with a turbidity sensor (51), which is used to detect the turbidity value of the liquid in the water vortex chamber (4).

9. The water-swirl incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the water vortex chamber (4) is provided with an inclined base plate (48). The sewage pipe (5) is located on the wall of the water vortex chamber (4) and is located near the inclined end of the base plate (48). The base plate (48) is provided with a sludge scraping device (9). The output end of the sludge scraping device (9) is provided with a reciprocating scraper arm (91). The scraper arm (91) is hollow inside and has a first jet nozzle (92) on both sides. An air supply device is connected to the scraper arm (91).

10. A control method for a water-swirl incinerator, characterized in that, Applied to the water-cyclone incinerator as described in claims 1-9, the water-cyclone incinerator further includes a second liquid level sensor (62) disposed in the air outlet chamber (45) for detecting the working liquid level of the air outlet chamber (45); a water supply pipe (52) is provided on the water-cyclone chamber (4) for supplying industrial water to the water-cyclone chamber (4), and a water supply valve is provided on the water supply pipe (52); the control method includes: S1. The initial liquid level height H1 in the air inlet cavity (44) is detected by the first liquid level sensor (6); S2. Set the initial liquid level height range [H_initial1, H_initial2]: If H1 is within the range of [H_initial1, H_initial2], the exhaust fan (8) starts with the initial working power P_initial; at this time, negative pressure is generated in the air outlet cavity (45), which causes the liquid level height in the air outlet cavity (45) to rise and the liquid level height in the air inlet cavity (44) to fall. S3. The working liquid level height H2 in the air inlet cavity (44) is detected by the first liquid level sensor (6); the working liquid level height H3 in the air outlet cavity (45) is detected by the second liquid level sensor (62). S4. Set the working liquid level range [Hmin, Hmax] of the air inlet chamber (44) and the maximum allowable liquid level height H0 of the air outlet chamber (45); adjust the real-time working power P of the exhaust fan (8) according to the ratio of H2 to the working liquid level range [Hmin, Hmax], while controlling H3 to remain below H0; when P increases to the maximum working power Pmax of the exhaust fan (8) and H2 is still higher than Hmax, or when H3 is higher than H0, control the opening of the drain valve, and adjust the P of the exhaust fan (8) according to H2. When the overall liquid level of the air inlet chamber (44) and the air outlet chamber (45) drops, H2 falls back to the range of [Hmin, Hmax], and P drops to P_initial in real time; when P_initial in real time drops to the minimum working power Pmin of the exhaust fan (8) and H2 is still lower than Hmin, the opening of the water supply valve is controlled, and the P_initial in real time of the exhaust fan (8) is adjusted according to H2, so that the overall liquid level of the air inlet chamber (44) and the air outlet chamber (45) rises, H2 rises to the range of [Hmin, Hmax], and P_initial in real time rises to P_initial in real time.

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