Five-axis laser ablation and spraying modification integrated equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses five-axis laser ablation and spraying modification integrated equipment. The five-axis laser ablation and spraying modification integrated equipment comprises a five-axis laser ablation system, an ultrasonic cleaning system and a surface modification spraying system which are in full-closed linkage. The five-axis laser ablation system is divided into a five-axis movement module, a laser module and a cleaning module, the five-axis movement module achieves self-adaptive machining of a complex curved surface and cooperates with multi-infrared sensing to overcome the curved surface defocusing problem, the laser module integrates a gas film cooling mechanism to restrain thermal damage, and the cleaning module is combined with in-situ smoke dust filtering to adsorb ablated pollutants in real time. The environmental safety is effectively improved; the ultrasonic cleaning system transports processing materials and deeply removes processing residues through the cavitation effect; and the surface modification spraying system adopts a controllable atomization process to construct a functional coating. Deep integration and automatic circulation of integrated machining of the super-hydrophobic surfaces of the electrical components are achieved, the problems of thermal damage and smoke pollution in the machining process are solved, the machining efficiency is effectively improved, the service life of equipment is effectively prolonged, and the environmental safety is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser micro-nano processing surface modification technology, specifically to an integrated superhydrophobic surface processing equipment that integrates laser ablation and surface spraying modification functions. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of large-scale integrated circuit technology, the heat generated by highly integrated electronic components leads to reduced efficiency of electronic systems, and they are also susceptible to the effects of high-temperature water vapor in complex environments, severely impacting their lifespan. Equipping electronic components with superhydrophobic properties and improving thermal conductivity will be a future strategy. Laser ablation to prepare superhydrophobic surfaces has been widely proven to be an effective means of solving these problems. Laser ablation allows for precise control of the micro-nano texture of the surface, increasing the surface area of ​​electronic components and improving thermal conductivity. After chemical modification, the resulting superhydrophobic surface can resist water vapor penetration, thereby enhancing the overall performance of electrical equipment.

[0003] Existing equipment for laser ablation to prepare superhydrophobic surfaces has significant limitations. Specifically, it is functionally limited, requiring multiple devices to operate manually, making integrated processing impossible; the working area is mostly two-dimensional, lacking the capability to process complex surfaces such as curved surfaces. Furthermore, the lack of a cooling system leads to excessively high temperatures on the laser head and part surface during prolonged operation, negatively impacting equipment lifespan and limiting part processing accuracy; and existing equipment is mostly open-type, failing to manage harmful fumes generated during processing. Due to these limitations, traditional laser equipment struggles to handle complex processing tasks and automation requirements, also affecting processing accuracy and operator health, ultimately impacting processing efficiency and safety. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide an integrated five-axis laser ablation and spraying modification equipment, overcoming the problems of poor adaptability and low automation of existing equipment, and improving processing accuracy and safety.

[0005] The technical problem of this invention is solved by the following technical solution: The aforementioned five-axis laser ablation and spraying modification integrated equipment includes a machine tool housing and a five-axis laser ablation system, an ultrasonic cleaning system, and a surface modification spraying system installed in the machine tool housing; The five-axis laser ablation system includes a five-axis motion module, a laser module, and a cleaning module; The five-axis motion module includes a first XYZ linear motion mechanism and a first rotary motion mechanism; The laser module includes a laser generator and a laser head; a ventilation nozzle is provided at the bottom of the laser head and an air channel communicating with the ventilation nozzle is provided inside. The air channel of the laser head is connected to a first air pump through a pipe to achieve cooling of the laser head and the workpiece surface during the ablation process. The workpiece to be processed is placed on the first rotary motion mechanism. The first XYZ linear motion mechanism can drive the laser head to move above the workpiece in the X and Z axis directions, and drive the first rotary motion mechanism to move in the Y axis direction. At the same time, the first rotary motion mechanism can drive the workpiece to rotate in the XY axis plane and the XZ axis to facilitate focusing of laser processing. The cleaning module includes a fan adsorption assembly for exhausting fumes generated during laser processing; The ultrasonic cleaning system and the surface modification spraying system are sequentially arranged behind the five-axis motion module, and are used to perform ultrasonic cleaning and spraying-drying operations on the laser-processed workpieces in sequence. The ultrasonic cleaning system includes a material transport module and an ultrasonic cleaning module; the material transport module is used to transport the laser-processed workpiece to the ultrasonic cleaning module for cleaning, and to transport the cleaned workpiece to the surface modification spraying system.

[0006] Furthermore, the first XYZ linear motion mechanism includes upper and lower parts. The upper part is a Z-axis ball screw assembly and an X-axis ball screw assembly mounted thereon, and the lower part is a Y-axis ball screw assembly. All three are connected to a drive motor assembly. The first rotary motion mechanism is mounted on the Y-axis ball screw assembly, and the laser module is mounted on the X-axis ball screw assembly; The first rotary motion mechanism includes a first Y-axis rotary mechanism and a first Z-axis rotary mechanism, and the Y-axis ball screw assembly is used to drive the first Y-axis rotary mechanism to move in the Y-axis direction; The first Y-axis rotation mechanism is used to drive the first Z-axis rotation mechanism to rotate, and its rotation axis is parallel to the Y-axis. The workpiece to be processed is placed on the first Z-axis rotation mechanism, which drives the workpiece to rotate, and its rotation axis is parallel to the Z-axis.

[0007] Furthermore, a Y-axis guide rail support plate is provided on the Y-ball screw assembly, and the Y-axis is rotatably fixed on the Y-axis guide rail support plate; The first Y-axis rotation mechanism includes a first rotary motor, a second coupling, a gear shaft, a double-row ball bearing, a rotating plate, a small end cover, and a base plate. The first rotary motor is fixedly connected to the gear shaft through the second coupling. One side of the rotating plate has an internal gear hole that meshes with the gear on the gear shaft. The gear shaft is fixed on the other side of the rotating plate by the small end cover and bolts. The base plate is bolted to the rotating plate.

[0008] Furthermore, a base plate is provided on the Y-axis rotation mechanism, and the first Z-axis rotation mechanism is disposed on the base plate; The first Z-axis rotation mechanism includes a second rotary motor, a small pulley, a belt, a large pulley, a Z-axis rotation shaft, ball bearings, a thrust bearing, and a laser processing table. The output shaft of the second rotary motor is fixedly connected to the small pulley, the Z-axis rotation shaft is fixedly connected to the large pulley, and the Z-axis rotation shaft is fixedly connected to the laser processing table via threads. The ball bearings and thrust bearings are located between the base plate and the Z-axis rotation shaft to ensure the normal rotation of the Z-axis rotation shaft and the laser processing table. The small pulley and the large pulley are connected by a belt to transmit the rotational motion of the second rotary motor to the laser processing table.

[0009] Furthermore, the laser generator transmits the laser source to the laser head via an optical fiber. The laser head includes, from top to bottom, a fixed base, a laser head upper shell, a laser head lower shell, and a protective lens shell. The fixed base is mounted on the X-axis guide rail support plate of the X-axis ball screw assembly and is connected to the laser head housing by bolts. The upper part of the laser head housing has a built-in transmission lens. The upper part of the lower laser head housing has a lens and lens holder installed inside, and the lower part has several infrared sensors installed outside. The infrared sensors work in conjunction with the five-axis motion module to achieve adaptive focal length control of the processed parts. A protective lens is provided at the lower part of the protective lens housing.

[0010] Furthermore, the lower part of the protective lens housing is provided with several ventilation nozzles, the inner part of the laser head housing has an L-shaped air hole channel and is connected to the first air pump through a pipe, both the lower housing of the laser head and the protective lens housing have air hole channels inside, and the outer part of the lens holder has a spiral hole channel structure. The first air pump introduces air into the L-shaped air hole channel of the laser head housing. The air passes through the spiral hole channel outside the lens holder, as well as the air hole channels inside the lower housing and protective lens housing of the laser head, and reaches each of the ventilation nozzles in sequence. This achieves cooling of the internal components of the entire laser head to improve its service life. The ventilation nozzles act on the surface of the processed parts to reduce the surface temperature and improve the processing accuracy.

[0011] Furthermore, the fan adsorption assembly includes an adsorption assembly mounting shell, a baffle plate, an activated carbon adsorption mesh, an air duct, a blower, and an impeller. The activated carbon adsorption mesh and the baffle plate are installed in the adsorption assembly mounting shell. The upper surface of the adsorption assembly mounting shell is connected to the air duct, and an impeller is installed in the air duct. The blower and the impeller are connected by a keyway. The blower drives the impeller to rotate, which discharges the air from the air duct and forms a low pressure. The smoke and dust generated during the laser ablation process will pass through the baffle plate, the activated carbon adsorption mesh, and the air duct in sequence under the action of air pressure and be discharged from the equipment. The smoke and dust particles will be captured by the activated carbon adsorption mesh.

[0012] Furthermore, the material transport module includes a second XYZ linear motion mechanism and a suction cup; the ultrasonic cleaning module includes a solution storage device and a liftable ultrasonic generator; The second XYZ linear motion mechanism includes a second X-axis linear motion mechanism, a second Y-axis linear motion mechanism, and a second Z-axis linear motion mechanism. The second Z-axis linear motion mechanism includes a first cylinder and a piston rod at its lower end. The suction cup is connected to the piston rod by a thread. After the five-axis laser ablation system completes the processing, the second XYZ linear motion mechanism, together with the suction cup, moves the workpiece to the ultrasonic cleaning module. After cleaning, it is moved to the surface modification spraying system.

[0013] Furthermore, the solution storage device includes a cleaning solution storage tank, a cleaning tank, and a waste liquid tank. The cleaning solution storage tank and the cleaning tank are connected by a dedicated pipeline. The dedicated pipeline is equipped with a solenoid valve to control the flow of cleaning solution into the cleaning tank. The bottom of the cleaning tank is provided with a communicating concave groove and a waste liquid passage hole. The waste liquid at the bottom of the cleaning tank flows into the waste liquid pipeline through the waste liquid passage hole and is collected through the waste liquid tank. The liftable ultrasonic generator includes a second cylinder, an ultrasonic transducer, and a cleaning table. The second cylinder is connected to the end of the cleaning table by bolts. The ultrasonic transducer is fixed inside the cleaning table and externally connected to the ultrasonic generator. The workpiece is cleaned by applying sound waves to the cleaning fluid to generate a cavitation effect. The lower surface of the cleaning table has a raised structure corresponding to the concave groove at the bottom of the cleaning cylinder. During the cleaning process, the material transport module moves the workpiece onto the cleaning platform. The second cylinder retracts, and the raised structure of the cleaning platform tightly engages with the concave groove at the bottom of the cleaning tank, sealing the waste liquid passage to ensure that the cleaning liquid in the cleaning tank does not leak. Then, the cleaning liquid enters the cleaning tank from the cleaning liquid storage tank and completely immerses the workpiece for cleaning. After cleaning, the second cylinder extends, causing the cleaning platform to rise. The cleaning liquid flows into the waste liquid tank through the concave groove at the bottom of the cleaning tank and the waste liquid passage to achieve waste liquid recycling.

[0014] Furthermore, the surface modification spraying system includes a material transfer module, a spraying module, and a drying module. The material transfer module is used to transport the workpiece directly below the spraying module for spraying, and the drying module is used to dry the sprayed workpiece. The material transfer module includes a third Y-axis linear motion mechanism, a second rotary motion mechanism, and a material carrying platform; The third Y-axis linear motion mechanism is used to drive the second rotary motion mechanism to move in the Y-axis direction; The second rotary motion mechanism includes a second Y-axis rotary mechanism and a second Z-axis rotary mechanism. The second Y-axis rotary mechanism is used to drive the second Z-axis rotary mechanism to rotate, and its rotation axis is parallel to the Y-axis. The material carrier platform is fixedly mounted on the second Z-axis rotation mechanism. The workpiece to be sprayed is placed on the material carrier platform. The second Z-axis rotation mechanism drives the material carrier platform and the workpiece on it to rotate, and its rotation axis is parallel to the Z-axis. The spraying module is located above the material transfer module and includes a spraying liquid agitator and a spraying head; The spraying liquid agitator includes an agitator cavity, a magnetic rotor disposed within the agitator cavity, and a servo motor and a magnetic stirring head disposed below and outside the agitator cavity. The agitator cavity contains spraying liquid. The servo motor drives the magnetic rotor to rotate, thereby generating a changing magnetic field. Under the action of the magnetic field force, the magnetic stirring head rotates, thereby stirring and mixing the spraying liquid. The spraying head is connected to the agitator cavity through a pipe and externally connected to a second air pump. The second air pump is used to generate different negative pressures inside the spraying head, thereby realizing the spraying of spraying liquid under different working conditions.

[0015] Furthermore, the drying module is located above the material transfer module and below the spraying module. The drying module includes a Y-axis feeding mechanism, an infrared curing lamp, and a lamp support plate. The infrared curing lamp is fixed on the lamp support plate, and the lamp support plate is fixedly mounted on the Y-axis feeding mechanism. The Y-axis feeding mechanism can drive the lamp support plate to move together with the infrared curing lamp in the Y-axis direction. After the coating is completed, the infrared curing lamp moves above the workpiece along with the Y-axis feed mechanism to quickly cure the coating liquid on the workpiece surface. After drying, it is retracted.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) This device integrates five-axis laser ablation, ultrasonic cleaning, and surface coating modification to create a fully enclosed automated processing system. This effectively solves the efficiency and pollution problems caused by dispersed equipment, fragmented processes, and manual handling in traditional technologies. Five-axis linkage and multi-infrared sensing enable adaptive processing of complex three-dimensional curved electronic components from all angles, significantly overcoming the defocusing problem faced by traditional equipment in curved surface processing. Furthermore, the active gas film cooling mechanism integrated into the laser module forms a highly efficient dynamic thermal barrier in the processing area, effectively suppressing heat diffusion and accumulation during laser ablation, significantly reducing material thermal damage and abnormal molten material splashing, and ensuring the clarity of microstructure edges and substrate integrity. Simultaneously, the in-situ integrated multi-stage fume filtration system adsorbs and purifies harmful pollutants generated during processing in real time, significantly improving environmental cleanliness and operational safety.

[0017] 2) After laser ablation, the workpiece is automatically transferred to the cleaning system via a precision feeding mechanism. The ultrasonic cavitation effect effectively removes processing residues within the micro / nano structure. The cleaned workpiece is then automatically transferred to the spray modification unit, where a uniform and robust functional coating is formed on the surface through controlled atomization and rapid curing processes. This integrated processing equipment significantly shortens the processing cycle, avoids secondary contamination and surface damage caused by manual intervention, and significantly improves product quality and performance. Therefore, this equipment simultaneously achieves efficient processing of high-precision micro / nano textures and stable imparting of superhydrophobic properties to the surface of electronic components, synergistically enhancing their heat dissipation performance and environmental tolerance in harsh high-temperature and high-humidity environments, providing innovative technical support for the manufacturing of high-reliability electronic devices. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is an overall appearance drawing of the five-axis laser ablation and spraying modification integrated equipment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an overall internal structure diagram of the equipment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an internal structural diagram of the five-axis laser ablation system of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural cross-sectional view of the first rotary motion mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the laser head of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the cleaning module of the present invention; Figure 7 This is an internal structural diagram of the ultrasonic cleaning system of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the liftable ultrasonic generator structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is an internal structural diagram of the surface modification spraying system of the present invention; The attached icon is labeled as follows: 1. Five-axis motion module; 11. First XYZ linear motion mechanism; 1101-1. Y-axis ball screw assembly; 1101-2. Z-axis ball screw assembly; 1101-3. X-axis ball screw assembly; 1102. First coupling; 1103. Drive motor; 1104. Y-axis guide rail support plate; 1105. X-axis guide rail support; 12. First Y-axis rotation mechanism; 1201. First rotary motor; 12 02. Second coupling; 1203. Gear shaft; 1204. Double row ball bearing; 1205. Rotating plate; 1206. Small end cover; 1207. Base plate; 13. First Z-axis rotation mechanism; 1301. Second rotary motor; 1302. Small pulley; 1303. Belt; 1304. Large pulley; 1305. Z-axis rotation shaft; 1306. Ball bearing; 1307. Thrust bearing; 1308. Laser processing table; 2. Laser module; 21. Laser generator; 22. Laser head; 2201. Fixing base; 2202. Laser head upper housing; 2203. Laser head lower housing; 2204. Protective lens housing; 2205. Transmitting lens; 2206. Lens; 2207. Lens holder; 2208. Infrared sensor; 2209. Protective lens; 2210. Ventilation nozzle; 23. Optical fiber; 24. First air pump; 3. Cleaning module; 31. Fan adsorption assembly; 3101. Adsorption assembly mounting housing; 3102. Baffle plate; 3103. Activated carbon adsorption mesh; 3104. Blower duct; 3105. Blower; 3106. Impeller; 4. Material transport module; 41. Second XYZ linear motion mechanism; 4101. Second X-axis linear motion mechanism; 4102. Second Y-axis linear motion mechanism; 4103. Second Z-axis linear motion mechanism; 4103-1. Piston rod; 42. Suction cup; 5. Ultrasonic cleaning module; 51. Solution storage tank; 5101. Cleaning solution storage tank; 5102. Cleaning cylinder; 5103. Waste liquid cylinder; 5104. Dedicated pipeline; 5105. Solenoid valve; 5106. Waste liquid pipeline; 52. Liftable ultrasonic generator; 5201. Second cylinder; 5202. Ultrasonic transducer; 5203. Cleaning table; 6. Material transfer module; 61. Third Y-axis linear motion mechanism; 62. Second rotary motion mechanism; 63. Material support platform; 7. Spraying module; 71. Spraying liquid agitator; 7101. Servo motor; 7102. Magnetic rotor; 7103. Magnetic stirring head; 72. Spraying head; 73. Second air pump; 8. Drying module; 81. Y-axis feed mechanism; 82. Infrared curing lamp; 83. Lamp support plate; 9. Control unit. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 7 and Figure 9 A five-axis laser ablation and spray coating modification integrated equipment includes a machine tool housing and a five-axis laser ablation system, an ultrasonic cleaning system, and a surface modification spray coating system installed in the machine tool housing. (Comparison) Figures 1-2 In the machine tool housing, the lower base divides the space into upper and lower sections. The upper section is roughly divided into three separate chambers, labeled as the first, second, and third chambers, which are used to house components of the five-axis laser ablation system, ultrasonic cleaning system, and surface modification spraying system, respectively. The control unit 9 for the entire system is also located in the third chamber. (Comparison) Figure 2 In the second chamber, openings are provided on the left and right sides respectively, so that the workpiece after laser ablation in the first chamber can be transported to the second chamber, and the workpiece after ultrasonic cleaning in the second chamber can be transferred to the third chamber.

[0020] The five-axis laser ablation system includes a five-axis motion module 1, a laser module 2, and a cleaning module 3. The five-axis motion module 1 includes a first XYZ linear motion mechanism 11 and a first rotary motion mechanism; the laser module 2 includes a laser generator 21 and a laser head 22, with an external first air pump 24 connected to the laser head and internal air channels for cooling the laser head 22 and the workpiece surface during ablation; the cleaning module includes a fan-adsorption assembly 31 to adsorb and clean contaminants such as smoke and dust generated during laser ablation. The ultrasonic cleaning system includes a material transport module 4 and an ultrasonic cleaning module 5. The material transport module includes a second XYZ linear motion mechanism 41 and a suction cup 42; the ultrasonic cleaning module includes a solution storage unit 51 and a liftable ultrasonic generator 52. The surface modification spraying system is divided into a material transfer module 6, a spraying module 7, and a drying module 8. The material transfer module 6 includes a third Y-axis linear motion mechanism 61, a second rotary motion mechanism 62, and a material support platform 63; the spraying module 7 includes a spray liquid agitator 71 and a spray head 72.

[0021] Reference Figure 3 The first XYZ linear motion mechanism 11 comprises upper and lower parts. The upper part consists of a Z-axis ball screw assembly 1101-2 and an X-axis ball screw assembly 1101-3 mounted thereon. The lower part consists of a Y-axis ball screw assembly 1101-1. Each of these three components is connected to a drive motor assembly. Figure 3Taking the Y-axis ball screw assembly 1101-1 as an example, its screw is connected to the drive motor 1103 via the first coupling 1102. Under the driving action of the drive motor 1103, the balls on the screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly 1101-1 can move in the Y-axis direction. The Y-axis ball screw assembly 1101-1 is installed on the upper surface of the lower base, the Z-axis ball screw assembly 1101-2 is installed in the upper left corner of the first chamber housing, and the X-axis ball screw assembly 1101-3 is installed on the Z-axis ball screw assembly 1101-2. The first rotary motion mechanism is divided into a first Y-axis rotary mechanism 12 and a first Z-axis rotary mechanism 13. The first Y-axis rotary mechanism 12 is set on the Y-axis guide rail support plate 1104 of the Y-axis ball screw assembly 1101-1, and the first Z-axis rotary mechanism 13 is set on the base plate 1207 of the first Y-axis rotary mechanism 12.

[0022] The first Y-axis rotation mechanism 12 is used to drive the first Z-axis rotation mechanism 13 to rotate, and its rotation axis is parallel to the Y-axis.

[0023] The workpiece to be processed is placed on the first Z-axis rotation mechanism 13, which drives the workpiece to rotate, and its rotation axis is parallel to the Z-axis.

[0024] Reference Figure 4 The first Y-axis rotation mechanism 12 includes a first rotary motor 1201, a second coupling 1202, a gear shaft 1203, a double-row ball bearing 1204, a rotating plate 1205, a small end cover 1206, and a base plate 1207. The first rotary motor 1201 is fixedly connected to the gear shaft 1203 through the second coupling 1202 and rotates. One side of the rotating plate 1205 has an internal gear hole, which meshes with the gear of the gear shaft 1203. The gear shaft 1203 is fixed on the other side of the rotating plate 1205 through the small end cover 1206 and bolts. The base plate 1207 is connected to the rotating plate 1205 by bolts to realize the Y-axis rotation 12.

[0025] Reference Figure 4The first Z-axis rotation mechanism 13 includes a second rotary motor 1301, a small pulley 1302, a belt 1303, a large pulley 1304, a Z-axis rotation shaft 1305, a ball bearing 1306, a thrust bearing 1307, and a laser processing table 1308. The output shaft of the second rotary motor 1301 is threadedly connected to the small pulley 1302, the Z-axis rotation shaft 1305 is threadedly connected to the large pulley 1304, and the Z-axis rotation shaft 1305 is threadedly connected to the laser processing table 1308. The ball bearing 1306 and the thrust bearing 1307 are located between the base plate 1207 and the Z-axis rotation 1305 to ensure the normal rotation of the Z-axis rotation 1305 and the laser processing table 1308. The small pulley 1302 and the large pulley 1304 are connected by the belt 1303 to transmit the rotational motion of the second rotary motor 1301 to the laser processing table 1308, thereby realizing that the first Z-axis rotation mechanism 13 drives the workpiece to rotate, and its rotation axis is parallel to the Z-axis.

[0026] Reference Figure 5 The laser generator 21 is installed in the upper left corner of the first chamber housing and transmits the laser source to the laser head 22 through the optical fiber 23. The laser head 22 includes a fixed base 2201, a laser head upper housing 2202, a laser head lower housing 2203, and a protective lens housing 2204 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The fixed base 2201 is installed on the X-axis guide rail support plate 1105 of the X-axis ball screw assembly 1101-3 and is connected to the laser head upper housing 2202 by bolts. The upper part of the laser head upper housing 2202 has a built-in transmission lens 2205. The upper part of the lower housing 2203 has a lens 2206 and a lens holder 2207 installed inside, and four infrared sensors 2208 installed on the lower part. The infrared sensors 2208 work in conjunction with the five-axis motion module 1 to achieve adaptive focal length control of the processed parts. The lower part of the protective lens housing 2204 is provided with a protective lens 2209 and six ventilation nozzles 2210.

[0027] Reference Figure 5 The laser head upper housing 2202 has an L-shaped air hole channel inside and is connected to a first air pump 24 through a pipe. The lens holder 2207 has a spiral hole channel structure on the outside. The laser head lower housing 2203 and the protective lens housing 2204 both have air hole channels inside. The first air pump 24 introduces air into the L-shaped air hole channel of the laser head upper housing 2202. The air passes through the spiral hole channel outside the lens holder 2207 and the air hole channels inside the laser head lower housing 2203 and the protective lens housing 2204 in sequence to reach each of the ventilation nozzles 2210, thereby cooling the internal components of the entire laser head to improve its service life. The ventilation nozzles 2210 act on the surface of the processed parts to reduce the surface temperature and improve the processing accuracy.

[0028] Reference Figure 6The blower adsorption assembly 31 is installed at the right rear of the first chamber housing, including an adsorption assembly mounting shell 3101, a baffle plate 3102, an activated carbon adsorption net 3103, a blower channel 3104, a blower 3105, and an impeller 3106. The activated carbon adsorption net 3103 and the baffle plate 3102 are installed in the adsorption assembly mounting shell 3101. The adsorption assembly shell 3101 has a slot inside, which can realize the flexible installation and replacement of the activated carbon adsorption net 3103. The upper surface of the housing 3101 of the adsorption component is connected to a blower channel 3104. An impeller 3106 is installed in the blower channel 3104. The blower 3105 is connected to the impeller 3106 through a keyway. The blower 3105 drives the impeller 3106 to rotate, which discharges the air from the blower channel 3104 and forms a low pressure. The smoke and dust generated during the laser ablation process will pass through the baffle 3102, the activated carbon adsorption net 3103 and the round hole of the blower channel 3104 in sequence under the action of air pressure and be discharged from the equipment. The smoke and dust particles will be captured by the activated carbon adsorption net 3103.

[0029] Reference Figure 7 The material transport module 4 includes a second XYZ linear motion mechanism 41 and a suction cup 42. The second XYZ linear motion mechanism 41 has the same composition as the first XYZ linear motion mechanism 11. The second XYZ linear motion mechanism 41 includes a second X-axis linear motion mechanism 4101, a second Y-axis linear motion mechanism 4102, and a second Z-axis linear motion mechanism 4103. The second Z-axis linear motion mechanism 4103 includes a first cylinder and a piston rod 4103-1 at its lower end. The suction cup 42 is threadedly connected to the piston rod 4103-1. After the five-axis laser ablation system completes the processing, the second XYZ linear motion mechanism 41, in conjunction with the suction cup 42, moves the workpiece to the ultrasonic cleaning module 5. After cleaning, the workpiece is moved to the material carrier platform 63 of the surface modification spraying system.

[0030] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 8 The solution storage unit 51 includes a cleaning solution storage tank 5101, a cleaning cylinder 5102, and a waste liquid cylinder 5103. The cleaning solution storage tank 5101 and the cleaning cylinder 5102 are connected by a dedicated pipe 5104. The dedicated pipe 5104 is equipped with a solenoid valve 5105 to control the flow of cleaning solution into the cleaning cylinder 5102. The bottom of the cleaning cylinder 5102 is provided with a communicating concave groove and a waste liquid passage hole (the concave groove is located above the waste liquid passage hole). The waste liquid at the bottom of the cleaning cylinder 5101 flows into the waste liquid pipe 5106 through the waste liquid passage hole and is collected through the waste liquid cylinder 5103.

[0031] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 8The liftable ultrasonic generator 52 includes a second cylinder 5201, an ultrasonic transducer 5202, and a cleaning platform 5203. The second cylinder 5201 is bolted to the end of the cleaning platform 5203. The ultrasonic transducer is fixed inside the cleaning platform 5203 and externally connected to an ultrasonic generator. It cleans the workpiece by applying sound waves to the cleaning fluid to generate a cavitation effect. The lower surface of the cleaning platform 5203 has a raised structure corresponding to the concave groove at the bottom of the cleaning cylinder 5102. When cleaning the workpiece, the suction cup 42 moves the workpiece onto the cleaning platform 5203, and the second cylinder 5201 retracts, causing the cleaning platform 5203 to descend into the cleaning cylinder 5102. The raised structure of the cleaning platform 5203 tightly engages with the concave groove at the bottom of the cleaning cylinder 5102, sealing the waste liquid passage to ensure that the cleaning fluid in the cleaning cylinder 5102 does not leak. After cleaning, the second cylinder 5201 extends, causing the cleaning platform 5203 to rise. The cleaning fluid flows into the waste liquid tank 5103 through the concave groove at the bottom of the cleaning tank 5102 and the waste liquid passage, thus achieving waste liquid recycling. The cleaning platform 5203 and the workpiece on it are exposed to the air. The cleaning fluid is mostly ethanol, and the ethanol on the surface of the workpiece will evaporate quickly, ensuring the surface dryness requirement. This facilitates the subsequent transfer of the workpiece to the material carrier platform 63 of the surface modification spraying system by the suction cup 42.

[0032] Reference Figure 9 The third Y-axis linear motion mechanism 61 and the second rotary motion mechanism 62 of the surface modification spraying system are the same components as the Y-axis ball screw assembly 1101-1 and the first rotary motion mechanism of the five-axis laser ablation system, enabling the spraying of workpieces with complex processing. The third Y-axis linear motion mechanism 61 drives the second rotary motion mechanism 62 to move in the Y-axis direction. The second rotary motion mechanism 62 includes a second Y-axis rotary mechanism and a second Z-axis rotary mechanism. The second Y-axis rotary mechanism drives the second Z-axis rotary mechanism to rotate, and its rotation axis is parallel to the Y-axis. The material carrier platform 63 is fixedly mounted on the second Z-axis rotary mechanism. The workpiece to be sprayed is placed on the material carrier platform 63. The second Z-axis rotary mechanism drives the material carrier platform 63 and the workpiece on it to rotate, and its rotation axis is parallel to the Z-axis.

[0033] The material support platform 63 is fixed to the third-axis Y-axis linear motion mechanism 61 and sends the ultrasonically cleaned workpiece to the chamber of the surface modification spraying system. Figure 2 and Figure 9In the process, under the conveying action of the third-axis Y-axis linear motion mechanism 61, the material carrier platform 63 moves in the Y-axis direction and can enter the second chamber from the third chamber. After the suction cup 42 transports the cleaned workpiece onto the material carrier platform 63, the material carrier platform 63 returns to the third chamber. The spray liquid agitator 71 is located in the upper left corner of the third chamber and includes an agitator cavity, a magnetic rotor 7102 disposed in the agitator cavity, and a servo motor 7101 and a magnetic stirring head 7103 disposed below and outside the agitator cavity. The agitator cavity contains spray liquid. The servo motor 7101 drives the magnetic rotor 7102 to rotate, thereby generating a changing magnetic field. Under the action of the magnetic field force, the magnetic stirring head 7103 rotates, thereby stirring and mixing the spray liquid. The spray head 72 is connected to the agitator cavity through a pipe and externally connected to a second air pump 73. The flow rate of the second air pump 73 is controlled to generate different negative pressures in the spray head 72, thereby realizing the spraying of spray liquid under different working conditions.

[0034] Reference Figure 9 The drying module 8 is located below the right half of the control unit 9 in the third chamber, above the material transfer module 6, and below the spraying module 7. The drying module 8 includes a Y-axis feed mechanism 81, an infrared curing lamp 82, and a lamp support plate 83. The infrared curing lamp 82 is fixed on the lamp support plate 83, which is fixed on the Y-axis feed mechanism 81. The Y-axis feed mechanism 81 can drive the lamp support plate 83 to move the infrared curing lamp 82 together in the Y-axis direction. After spraying, the infrared curing lamp 82 moves with the Y-axis feed mechanism 81 to the top of the workpiece to quickly cure the sprayed liquid on the workpiece surface. After drying, it is retracted to avoid interfering with the next spraying.

[0035] Working principle: The workpiece is placed and fixed on the laser processing table 1308. Multiple infrared sensors 2208 scan the workpiece shape to determine the focal length. Combined with the processing pattern and control unit 9, the processing path is established. The five-axis motion module 1 performs appropriate XYZ axis feed and YZ axis rotation to adjust the workpiece to a suitable distance from the laser head and prepare it for processing. The laser generator 21 is turned on, and the laser source is transmitted to the laser head 22 through the optical fiber 23 and acts on the workpiece surface. With the cooperation of the five-axis motion module 1, the entire workpiece surface produces a micro-nano texture. During the laser ablation process, surface thermal damage and metal fume are often accompanied. Therefore, at the start of laser ablation, the first air pump 24 is turned on. The airflow flows through the air pipe sequentially through the upper housing 2202 of the laser head 22, the lower housing 2203 of the laser head, the spiral hole channel outside the lens holder 2207, the protective lens housing 2204, and the ventilation nozzle 2210. The airflow is ejected through the ventilation nozzle 2210 and acts on the ablation surface of the workpiece. This reduces the thermal damage to the workpiece and also cools the internal components of the laser head 22, thereby improving its service life and processing accuracy. Meanwhile, the blower 3105 of the cleaning module 3 drives the impeller 3106 to rotate, which discharges the air from the air duct 3104 and forms a low-pressure zone. The metal fumes generated during the laser ablation process will pass through the baffle 3102, the activated carbon adsorption net 3103 and the discharge device of the air duct 3104 in sequence under the action of air pressure. The fumes will be captured by the activated carbon adsorption net 3103.

[0036] After laser ablation, the Y-axis ball screw assembly 1101-1 delivers the workpiece to the chamber of the ultrasonic cleaning system. The second XYZ linear motion mechanism 41, in conjunction with the suction cup 42, moves the workpiece into the cleaning cylinder 5102. After cleaning, it is moved onto the material carrier platform 63 of the surface spraying modification system. During ultrasonic cleaning, the second cylinder 5201 retracts, the protruding structure of the cleaning platform 5203 tightly engages with the concave groove at the bottom of the cleaning cylinder 5102, and the solenoid valve 5105 opens, allowing the cleaning fluid to flow from the cleaning fluid storage tank 5101 into the cleaning cylinder 5102. The ultrasonic transducer 5202 acts on the cleaning fluid, creating a cavitation effect to clean the residue on the workpiece's surface. After cleaning, the second cylinder 5201 rises, and the cleaning fluid flows into the waste liquid cylinder 5103 through the concave groove at the bottom of the cleaning cylinder 5102 and the waste liquid passage.

[0037] After ultrasonic cleaning, the workpiece on the material carrier platform 63 is coated using two parts: a spray liquid agitator 71 and a spray head 72. First, a servo motor 7101 drives a magnetic rotor 7102 to rotate, generating a changing magnetic field. Under the influence of this magnetic field, the magnetic stirring head 7103 rotates, thus mixing and homogenizing the spray liquid. The spray head 72, under the flow control of a second air pump 73, can generate different pressure differences within the chamber, enabling spraying under different conditions. After spraying, an infrared curing lamp 82 moves with the Y-axis feed mechanism 81 to above the workpiece to rapidly cure the spray liquid on the workpiece surface. After drying, the lamp is retracted.

[0038] This invention includes, but is not limited to, the embodiments described above. Within the scope defined by the claims of this invention, any technical solution that can be implemented based on the above embodiments without inventive effort can be considered to be within the protection scope of this invention patent.

Claims

1. A five-axis laser ablation and spray coating modification integrated equipment, characterized in that, This includes the machine tool housing and the five-axis laser ablation system, ultrasonic cleaning system, and surface modification spraying system installed in the machine tool housing; The five-axis laser ablation system includes a five-axis motion module (1), a laser module (2), and a cleaning module (3). The five-axis motion module (1) includes a first XYZ linear motion mechanism (11) and a first rotary motion mechanism; The laser module (2) includes a laser generator (21) and a laser head (22); the bottom of the laser head (22) is provided with a ventilation nozzle (2210) and an air hole channel communicating with the ventilation nozzle (2210) is provided inside. The air hole channel of the laser head (22) is connected to a first air pump (24) through a pipe to achieve cooling of the laser head (22) and the workpiece surface during the ablation process; The workpiece to be processed is placed on the first rotary motion mechanism. The first XYZ linear motion mechanism (11) can drive the laser head (22) to move above the workpiece in the X-axis and Z-axis directions, and drive the first rotary motion mechanism to move in the Y-axis direction. At the same time, the first rotary motion mechanism can drive the workpiece to rotate in the XY-axis plane and the XZ-axis to facilitate the focusing of the laser processing. The cleaning module (3) includes a fan adsorption assembly (31) for discharging fumes generated during laser processing; The ultrasonic cleaning system and the surface modification spraying system are sequentially arranged behind the five-axis motion module (1) for sequentially performing ultrasonic cleaning and spraying-drying operations on the laser-processed workpiece. The ultrasonic cleaning system includes a material transport module (4) and an ultrasonic cleaning module (5); the material transport module (4) is used to transport the laser-processed workpiece to the ultrasonic cleaning module (5) for cleaning, and to transport the cleaned workpiece to the surface modification spraying system.

2. The five-axis laser ablation and spraying modification integrated equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first XYZ linear motion mechanism (11) includes two parts: the upper part is a Z-axis ball screw assembly (1101-2) and an X-axis ball screw assembly (1101-3) mounted thereon, and the lower part is a Y-axis ball screw assembly (1101-1). All three are connected to a drive motor assembly. The first rotary motion mechanism is mounted on the Y-axis ball screw assembly (1101-1), and the laser module (2) is mounted on the X-axis ball screw assembly (1101-3); The first rotary motion mechanism includes a first Y-axis rotary mechanism (12) and a first Z-axis rotary mechanism (13). The Y-axis ball screw assembly (1101-1) is used to drive the first Y-axis rotary mechanism (12) to move in the Y-axis direction. The first Y-axis rotation mechanism (12) is used to drive the first Z-axis rotation mechanism (13) to rotate, and its rotation axis is parallel to the Y-axis; The workpiece to be processed is placed on the first Z-axis rotation mechanism (13), which drives the workpiece to rotate, and its rotation axis is parallel to the Z-axis.

3. The five-axis laser ablation and spraying modification integrated equipment as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The Y-axis guide rail support plate (1104) is provided on the Y-axis ball screw assembly (1101-1), and the Y-axis rotation (12) is fixedly set on the Y-axis guide rail support plate (1104); The first Y-axis rotation mechanism (12) includes a first rotary motor (1201), a second coupling (1202), a gear shaft (1203), a double-row ball bearing (1204), a rotating plate (1205), a small end cap (1206), and a base plate (1207). The first rotary motor (1201) is fixedly connected to the gear shaft (1203) through the second coupling (1202). One side of the rotating plate (1205) is an internal gear hole, which meshes with the gear of the gear shaft (1203). The gear shaft (1203) is fixed on the other side of the rotating plate (1205) through the small end cap (1206) and bolts. The base plate (1207) is bolted to the rotating plate (1205).

4. The five-axis laser ablation and spraying modification integrated equipment as described in claim 2, characterized in that, A base plate (1207) is provided on the Y-axis rotation mechanism (12), and the first Z-axis rotation mechanism (13) is provided on the base plate (1207); The first Z-axis rotation mechanism (13) includes a second rotary motor (1301), a small pulley (1302), a belt (1303), a large pulley (1304), a Z-axis rotation shaft (1305), a ball bearing (1306), a thrust bearing (1307), and a laser processing table (1308). The output shaft of the second rotary motor (1301) is connected to the small pulley (1302), the Z-axis rotation shaft (1305) is connected to the large pulley (1304), and the Z-axis rotation shaft (1305) is connected to the laser. The processing table (1308) is fixedly connected by threads. The ball bearing (1306) and thrust bearing (1307) are located between the base plate (1207) and the Z-axis (1305) to ensure the normal rotation of the Z-axis (1305) and the laser processing table (1308). The small pulley (1302) and the large pulley (1304) are connected by a belt (1303) so that the rotational motion of the second rotary motor (1301) is transmitted to the laser processing table (1308).

5. The five-axis laser ablation and spraying modification integrated equipment as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The laser generator (21) transmits the laser source to the laser head (22) through the optical fiber (23). The laser head (22) includes a fixed base (2201), a laser head upper shell (2202), a laser head lower shell (2203), and a protective lens shell (2204) arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The fixed base (2201) is installed on the X-axis guide rail support plate (1105) of the X-axis ball screw assembly (1101-3) and connected to the laser head housing (2202) by bolts. The upper part of the laser head housing (2202) has a built-in transmission lens (2205). The upper part of the lower laser head housing (2203) has a lens (2206) and a lens holder (2207) installed inside, and the lower part has several infrared sensors (2208) installed outside. The infrared sensors (2208) work in conjunction with the five-axis motion module (1) to achieve adaptive focal length control of the processed parts. The lower part of the protective lens housing (2204) is provided with a protective lens (2209). The lower part of the protective lens housing (2204) is provided with several ventilation nozzles (2210), the laser head housing (2202) has an L-shaped air hole channel inside and is connected to the first air pump (24) through a pipe, the laser head lower housing (2203) and the protective lens housing (2204) both have air hole channels inside, and the lens holder (2207) has a spiral hole channel structure on the outside; The first air pump (24) introduces air into the L-shaped air hole channel of the laser head housing (2202). The air passes through the spiral hole channel outside the lens holder (2207), and the air hole channels inside the laser head lower housing (2203) and the protective lens housing (2204) to reach each of the ventilation nozzles (2210), thereby cooling the internal components of the entire laser head to improve its service life. The ventilation nozzles (2210) act on the surface of the processed parts to reduce the surface temperature and improve the processing accuracy.

6. The five-axis laser ablation and spraying modification integrated equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blower adsorption assembly (31) includes an adsorption assembly mounting shell (3101), a baffle plate (3102), an activated carbon adsorption mesh (3103), an air duct (3104), a blower (3105), and an impeller (3106). The activated carbon adsorption mesh (3103) and the baffle plate (3102) are installed in the adsorption assembly mounting shell (3101). The upper surface of the adsorption assembly mounting shell (3101) is connected to the air duct (3104), and the air duct (3104) is provided with... An impeller (3106) is placed, and the blower (3105) is connected to the impeller (3106) via a keyway. The blower (3105) drives the impeller (3106) to rotate, which discharges the air from the blower channel (3104) and forms a low pressure. The smoke and dust generated during the laser ablation process will pass through the baffle (3102), the activated carbon adsorption net (3103) and the blower channel (3104) in sequence under the action of air pressure and be discharged from the equipment. The smoke and dust particles will be captured by the activated carbon adsorption net (3103).

7. The five-axis laser ablation and spraying modification integrated equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material transport module (4) includes a second XYZ linear motion mechanism (41) and a suction cup (42); the ultrasonic cleaning module includes a solution storage device (51) and a liftable ultrasonic generator (52). The second XYZ linear motion mechanism (41) includes a second X-axis linear motion mechanism (4101), a second Y-axis linear motion mechanism (4102), and a second Z-axis linear motion mechanism (4103). The second Z-axis linear motion mechanism (4103) includes a first cylinder and a piston rod (4103-1) at its lower end. The suction cup (42) is connected to the piston rod (4103-1) by a thread. After the five-axis laser ablation system completes the processing, the second XYZ linear motion mechanism (41) works in conjunction with the suction cup (42) to move the workpiece to the ultrasonic cleaning module (5). After cleaning, the workpiece is moved to the surface modification spraying system.

8. The five-axis laser ablation and spraying modification integrated equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solution storage device (51) includes a cleaning solution storage tank (5101), a cleaning cylinder (5102), and a waste liquid cylinder (5103). The cleaning solution storage tank (5101) and the cleaning cylinder (5102) are connected by a dedicated pipe (5104). The dedicated pipe (5104) is equipped with a solenoid valve (5105) for controlling the flow of cleaning solution into the cleaning cylinder (5102). The bottom of the cleaning cylinder (5102) is provided with a communicating concave groove and a waste liquid passage hole. The waste liquid at the bottom of the cleaning cylinder (5102) flows into the waste liquid pipe (5106) through the waste liquid passage hole and is collected through the waste liquid cylinder (5103). The liftable ultrasonic generator (52) includes a second cylinder (5201), an ultrasonic transducer (5202), and a cleaning table (5203). The second cylinder (5201) is connected to the end of the cleaning table (5203) by bolts. The ultrasonic transducer is fixed inside the cleaning table (5203) and externally connected to the ultrasonic generator. The workpiece is cleaned by applying sound waves to the cleaning fluid to generate a cavitation effect. The lower surface of the cleaning table (5203) has a protruding structure corresponding to the concave groove at the bottom of the cleaning cylinder (5102). When cleaning the workpiece, the material transport module (4) moves the workpiece to the cleaning platform (5203), the second cylinder (5201) retracts, the protruding structure of the cleaning platform (5203) is tightly combined with the concave groove at the bottom of the cleaning tank (5102) and the waste liquid through hole is blocked to ensure that the cleaning liquid in the cleaning tank (5102) does not leak. Then the cleaning liquid enters the cleaning tank (5102) from the cleaning liquid storage tank (5101) and completely immerses the workpiece for cleaning. After cleaning, the second cylinder (5201) extends, causing the cleaning platform (5203) to rise. The cleaning liquid flows into the waste liquid tank (5103) through the concave groove at the bottom of the cleaning tank (5102) and the waste liquid through hole to realize waste liquid recycling.

9. A five-axis laser ablation and spraying modification integrated equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface modification spraying system includes a material transfer module (6), a spraying module (7) and a drying module (8). The material transfer module (6) is used to transport the workpiece directly below the spraying module (7) for spraying, and the drying module (8) is used to dry the sprayed workpiece. The material transfer module (6) includes a third Y-axis linear motion mechanism (61), a second rotary motion mechanism (62), and a material carrying platform (63). The third Y-axis linear motion mechanism (61) is used to drive the second rotary motion mechanism (62) to move in the Y-axis direction; The second rotary motion mechanism (62) includes a second Y-axis rotary mechanism and a second Z-axis rotary mechanism. The second Y-axis rotary mechanism is used to drive the second Z-axis rotary mechanism to rotate, and its rotation axis is parallel to the Y-axis. The material carrier platform (63) is fixedly mounted on the second Z-axis rotation mechanism. The workpiece to be sprayed is placed on the material carrier platform (63). The second Z-axis rotation mechanism drives the material carrier platform (63) and the workpiece on it to rotate, and its rotation axis is parallel to the Z-axis. The spraying module (7) is located above the material transfer module (6) and includes a spraying liquid agitator (71) and a spraying head (72). The spray liquid agitator (71) includes an agitator cavity, a magnetic rotor (7102) disposed in the agitator cavity, and a servo motor (7101) and a magnetic stirring head (7103) disposed below the agitator cavity. The agitator cavity contains spray liquid. The servo motor (7101) drives the magnetic rotor (7102) to rotate, thereby generating a changing magnetic field. Under the action of the magnetic field force, the magnetic stirring head (7103) rotates, thereby stirring and mixing the spray liquid. The spray head (72) is connected to the agitator cavity through a pipe and externally connected to a second air pump (73). The second air pump (73) is used to generate different negative pressures in the spray head (72), thereby realizing the spraying of spray liquid under different working conditions.

10. A five-axis laser ablation and spraying modification integrated equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that: The drying module (8) is located above the material transfer module (6) and below the spraying module (7). The drying module (8) includes a Y-axis feeding mechanism (81), an infrared curing lamp (82), and a lamp support plate (83). The infrared curing lamp (82) is fixed on the lamp support plate (83), and the lamp support plate (83) is fixed on the Y-axis feeding mechanism (81). The Y-axis feeding mechanism (81) can drive the lamp support plate (83) to move together with the infrared curing lamp (82) in the Y-axis direction. After the spraying is completed, the infrared curing lamp (82) moves above the workpiece along with the Y-axis feed mechanism (81) to quickly cure the sprayed liquid on the workpiece surface. After drying, it is taken back.

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