Hawthorn kernel essential oil extraction equipment and process based on negative pressure dry distillation

Abstract

The application discloses a hawthorn kernel essential oil extraction equipment and process based on negative pressure dry distillation, relates to the technical field of essential oil extraction, and comprises a furnace shell, a crucible is arranged in the furnace shell, a material turning mechanism is arranged in the crucible, the material turning mechanism comprises a shunt frame, the shunt frame is fixed to the inner wall of the crucibble and is arranged in an annular structure, a plurality of shunt windows are formed in the surface of the shunt frame, a separation cylinder is connected to the inner ring of the shunt frame, the separation cylinder is through-penetrating, a cover plate is arranged on the upper side of the crucible, a driver one is arranged on the cover plate, a rotating shaft is connected to the driving end of the driver one, helical blades are arranged on the surface of the rotating shaft, the upper end of the helical blades is connected to a material stacking table, a plurality of discharge ports are formed in the surface of the separation cylinder, the discharge ports are connected to guide plates, and the other end of the guide plates is inclined towards the helical blades and is lower than the height of the material stacking table. The application improves the dry distillation efficiency and quality of hawthorn kernels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of essential oil extraction technology, specifically to equipment and process for extracting hawthorn kernel essential oil based on negative pressure dry distillation. Background Technology

[0002] Essential oil extraction is the process of extracting aromatic molecules from plants using various methods. Hawthorn seed essential oil belongs to the fruity aroma type. Generally, plant essential oil extraction primarily uses distillation. This method utilizes steam or direct heating to evaporate the volatile components of the plant, then condenses and collects the oil-water mixture, finally separating the essential oil. This method is suitable for the extraction needs of most plant essential oils. However, hawthorn seeds contain heat-sensitive components that are easily decomposed or denatured at high temperatures. Distillation typically requires high temperatures (above 100°C), which may destroy the active ingredients in the hawthorn seeds during extraction, thus reducing the quality and efficacy of the essential oil. Furthermore, the essential oil components in hawthorn seeds may have low volatility, meaning they require even higher temperatures to evaporate during distillation. This not only increases energy consumption but may also lead to component decomposition. Therefore, distillation is not suitable for extracting hawthorn seed essential oil.

[0003] Currently, hawthorn kernel essential oil extraction mainly uses dry distillation, among which negative pressure dry distillation is a pyrolysis process carried out under negative pressure. By reducing the system pressure, the material is dry-distilled at a lower temperature, thereby achieving the decomposition, separation, and extraction of substances. Hawthorn kernels are placed in the dry distillation equipment, and nitrogen gas is introduced into the furnace during dry distillation to pressurize the system, accelerate the discharge of dry distillation vapors, and improve the collection efficiency of the hawthorn kernel dry distillate. During the dry distillation process, the texture of the hawthorn kernels gradually softens. To avoid the carbonized kernels breaking and generating a large amount of dust, which would reduce the quality of the extract, a separate stirring device is generally not installed in the dry distillation equipment. However, if the hawthorn kernels are not turned, uneven heating will occur, reducing the dry distillation efficiency and the yield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide equipment and process for extracting hawthorn kernel essential oil based on negative pressure dry distillation, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a hawthorn kernel essential oil extraction device and process based on negative pressure dry distillation, including a furnace shell, a crucible installed inside the furnace shell, the crucible being used to stack processed hawthorn kernels, a turning mechanism being provided inside the crucible for turning the hawthorn kernels to improve the dry distillation efficiency, the turning mechanism including a diverter frame, the diverter frame being fixed on the inner wall of the crucible and configured as a ring structure, a plurality of diverter windows being opened circumferentially on the surface of the diverter frame, a separator cylinder being connected to the inner ring of the diverter frame, the separator cylinder being vertically connected, a cover plate being provided on the upper side of the crucible, a driver being installed on the cover plate, a rotating shaft being connected to the driving end of the driver being a drive shaft, a spiral blade being provided on the surface of the rotating shaft, a stacking platform being connected to the upper end of the spiral blade, a plurality of discharge ports being opened circumferentially on the surface of the separator cylinder, a guide plate being connected to the discharge port, the other end of the guide plate being inclined toward the spiral blade and the height being lower than the height of the stacking platform.

[0006] According to the above technical solution, the size of the guide plate does not affect the normal rotation of the spiral blades, the length of the separator cylinder is less than half the length of the crucible, and the spiral blades are controlled by the driver to have two rotation directions: the rotation direction that can drive the material to move upward is the positive direction, and the rotation direction that can drive the material to move downward is the negative direction.

[0007] According to the above technical solution, a mounting base is fixed on the inner wall of the separator cylinder, a rotating rod is rotatably connected between the mounting bases, a push plate is sleeved on the rotating rod, a spring is connected between the rotating rod and the mounting base, and the push plate cooperates with the surface of the stacking platform.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, the top of the separator cylinder is covered with a sealing plate, and several steam outlets are opened on the upper circumference of the separator cylinder, with baffles fixed inside the steam outlets.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, a notch is opened on the upper side of the rotating shaft, and a fixing plate is fitted in the middle of the notch. A second spring is connected to the lower side of the fixing plate, and a threaded cylinder is connected to the other end of the second spring. A third spring is connected to the upper side of the fixing plate, and a threaded cylinder is connected to the other end of the third spring. A threaded area is provided on the upper and lower sides of the notch. Threaded cylinders one and two mate with the threaded area, and a sleeve is connected between threaded cylinders one and two.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, a pressure plate is connected to the lower end of the sleeve, and a pressure-sensitive module is laid on the lower surface of the pressure plate. A connecting plate is connected to the upper end of the sleeve, and several brush blocks are connected around the circumference of the connecting plate. A baffle is connected to the middle of the sleeve.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, the surface of the connecting plate is provided with several windows to reduce the overall weight, and the length of the brush block can touch the inner wall surface of the separator cylinder.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, a second mounting base is fixed on the inner wall of the separator cylinder, and a deflection shaft is rotatably mounted on the second mounting base. One end of the deflection shaft extends out of the cover plate and is connected to a second driver, and a stop block is sleeved on the other end of the deflection shaft.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, a furnace chamber is provided inside the furnace shell, an electric heating tube is installed on the inner wall of the furnace chamber, a thermocouple is installed inside the furnace chamber to monitor the heating temperature, and a protective gas input device is connected to the cover plate.

[0014] According to the above technical solution, the furnace shell is connected to a support rod, the support rod is supported by a support frame, and one end of the support rod is connected to a driver.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects achieved by this invention are as follows: This invention, by incorporating spiral blades, enables the turning of hawthorn kernel material and the circulation of material within and outside the crucible in zoned sections. Controlling the spiral blades to rotate forward, reverse, or remain stationary corresponds to three working modes: "static heating," "simple turning," and "circulating turning," solving the problem of uneven heating of materials during dry distillation and greatly improving distillation efficiency and product quality. The baffle at the steam outlet effectively intercepts dust particles entrained in the steam. The negative rotation of the spiral blades, combined with a linked brush block, automatically and periodically cleans the steam outlet, preventing dust blockage and ensuring long-term unobstructed steam passages, reducing the need for downtime maintenance. The pressure-sensing module under the pressure plate allows for indirect online monitoring of the material's hardness (or degree of dry distillation) during the feeding process, providing real-time data feedback. This enables adaptive intelligent control based on material state (such as adjusting temperature, rotation speed, or determining stage transition timing), reducing reliance on human experience. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the extraction device of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the extraction device of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the crucible of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the crucible of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the material turning mechanism of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the rotating shaft of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 This is the present invention. Figure 6Enlarged diagram of area A;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of threaded cylinder one, threaded cylinder two, and sleeve of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the cooperation relationship between the baffle and the block of the present invention.

[0026] In the diagram: 1. Furnace shell; 11. Furnace chamber; 12. Electric heating tube; 13. Thermocouple; 14. Protective gas input device; 2. Crucible; 3. Tilting mechanism; 31. Diverter frame; 311. Diverter window; 32. Divider cylinder; 321. Discharge port; 322. Steam outlet; 323. Baffle; 33. Guide plate; 34. Mounting base one; 35. Rotating rod; 36. Push plate; 37. Spring one; 4. Cover plate; 41. Driver one; 42. Rotating shaft; 421. Notch ; 422, Fixed plate; 423, Spring 2; 424, Spring 3; 425, Threaded area; 43, Spiral blade; 44, Stacking platform; 5, Sealing plate; 61, Threaded cylinder 1; 62, Threaded cylinder 2; 63, Sleeve; 64, Pressure plate; 65, Connecting plate; 651, Brush block; 652, Window; 66, Baffle; 67, Mounting base 2; 68, Deflection shaft; 681, Driver 2; 682, Stop block; 7, Support rod; 8, Support frame; 9, Driver 3. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Please see Figures 1-9This invention provides a technical solution: a hawthorn kernel essential oil extraction device based on negative pressure dry distillation, comprising a furnace shell 1, a crucible 2 installed inside the furnace shell 1, the crucible 2 being used to pile up processed hawthorn kernels, and a turning mechanism 3 being provided inside the crucible 2 for turning the hawthorn kernels to improve the dry distillation efficiency. The turning mechanism 3 includes a diverter 31, which is fixed to the inner wall of the crucible 2 and is configured as a ring structure. Several diverter windows 311 are opened on the circumference of the surface of the diverter 31, and a separator cylinder is connected to the inner ring of the diverter 31. 32. The dividing cylinder 32 is open from top to bottom. A cover plate 4 is provided on the upper side of the crucible 2. A driver 41 is installed on the cover plate 4. The driving end of the driver 41 is connected to a rotating shaft 42. The surface of the rotating shaft 42 is provided with a spiral blade 43. The upper end of the spiral blade 43 is connected to a stacking platform 44. Several discharge ports 321 are opened around the circumference of the surface of the dividing cylinder 32. The discharge ports 321 are connected to a guide plate 33. The other end of the guide plate 33 is inclined towards the spiral blade 43 and its height is lower than the height of the stacking platform 44.

[0029] The following is a supplementary explanation based on the above structure: (e.g.) Figure 4 As shown, the size of the guide plate 33 does not affect the normal rotation of the spiral blade 43, and the length of the separator 32 is less than half the length of the crucible 2. When feeding material into the crucible 2, the material height is not higher than the height of the discharge port 321. The structure of the spiral blade 43 meets the requirements for the movement of hawthorn kernel material. The spiral blade 43 is controlled by the driver 41 to have two rotation directions: the rotation direction that can drive the material upward is the positive direction, and the rotation direction that can drive the material downward is the negative direction. In the early stage of dry distillation, the spiral blades 43 do not rotate, and the crucible 2 heats the material at the set temperature. In the second stage, the spiral blades 43 rotate in the negative direction at a certain speed, simply turning the material over to ensure that the internal material is heated evenly. In the third stage, the spiral blades 43 rotate in the positive direction at a certain speed, slowly moving the material in the inner area of ​​the crucible 2 to the stacking platform 44, from the stacking platform 44 to the surface of the guide plate 33, and finally falling to the outer area of ​​the crucible 2 through each discharge port 321, realizing the circulation and transfer between the inner and outer materials, further improving the heating uniformity of the material. At the same time, the dry distillation vapor blocked by the material is released. The dry distillation vapor rises from the diversion window 311 to the top of the crucible 2 and is transferred to the next process through the external pipe on the cover plate 4.

[0030] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, a mounting base 34 is fixed to the inner wall of the separator cylinder 32. A rotating rod 35 is rotatably connected between the mounting bases 34. A push plate 36 is sleeved on the rotating rod 35. A spring 37 is connected between the rotating rod 35 and the mounting base 34. The push plate 36 is in contact with the surface of the stacking platform 44.

[0031] In actual operation, the push plate 36 is tilted at a certain angle under the action of the spring 37. When the spiral blade 43 and the stacking platform 44 rotate with the rotating shaft 42, the push plate 36 periodically passes over the surface of the stacking platform 44, pushing out the accumulated material, assisting in material transfer, accelerating the material circulation process, and preventing excessive material accumulation on the stacking platform 44 from affecting the upward movement of material by the spiral blade 43. The spring 37 is used to provide cushioning, while also using elasticity to further push the material.

[0032] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the top of the separator cylinder 32 is covered with a sealing plate 5, and several steam outlets 322 are opened on the upper circumference of the separator cylinder 32. A baffle 323 is fixed inside the steam outlet 322.

[0033] It should be noted that the height of the steam outlet 322 is located below the sealing plate 5. The steam outlet 322 is used as the steam outlet in the separator cylinder 32. The baffle 323 is used to intercept any material powder that may be entrained in the steam. After the steam in the separator cylinder 32 passes through the steam outlet 322, it is transferred to the outside through the diversion window 311.

[0034] In one embodiment, such as Figure 8 As shown, a notch 421 is provided on the upper side of the rotating shaft 42. A fixing plate 422 is fitted in the middle of the notch 421. A second spring 423 is connected to the lower side of the fixing plate 422. A threaded cylinder 61 is connected to the other end of the second spring 423. A third spring 424 is connected to the upper side of the fixing plate 422. A threaded cylinder 62 is connected to the other end of the third spring 424. A threaded section 425 is provided on the upper and lower sides of the notch 421. The threaded cylinder 61 and the second threaded cylinder 62 cooperate with the threaded section 425. A sleeve 63 is connected between the threaded cylinder 61 and the second threaded cylinder 62.

[0035] Furthermore, a pressure plate 64 is connected to the lower end of the sleeve 63, and a pressure-sensitive module is laid on the lower surface of the pressure plate 64. A connecting plate 65 is connected to the upper end of the sleeve 63, and several brush blocks 651 are connected to the circumference of the connecting plate 65. A baffle plate 66 is connected to the middle of the sleeve 63.

[0036] Preferably, the connecting plate 65 has several windows 652 on its surface to reduce the overall weight, and the length of the brush block 651 can touch the inner wall surface of the separator cylinder 32.

[0037] Furthermore, such as Figure 9 As shown, a mounting base 67 is fixed on the inner wall of the separator cylinder 32. A deflection shaft 68 is rotatably mounted on the mounting base 67. One end of the deflection shaft 68 extends out of the cover plate 4 and is connected to a driver 681. A stop block 682 is sleeved on the other end of the deflection shaft 68.

[0038] In actual operation, the second driver 681 is used to control the rotation of the deflection shaft 68, thereby controlling the swing of the stop 682. The length of the stop 682 is such that when the stop plate 66 corresponds to it, they can contact each other.

[0039] The following is a supplementary explanation based on the above structure: In the initial state, the stop block 682 is deviated from the baffle plate 66 and does not have any additional effect on the rotation of the sleeve 63. At this time, the sleeve 63 rotates with the rotating shaft 42, the brush block 651 is located below the steam outlet 322, and the pressure plate 64 is located above the push plate 36. When the spiral blade 43 rotates in the positive direction following the rotating shaft 42, the second driver 681 controls the deflection shaft 68 to periodically rotate the stop 682. If the stop 682 contacts the baffle 66, the stop 682 prevents the sleeve 63 from rotating with the rotating shaft 42. At this time, there is relative rotation between the sleeve 63 and the rotating shaft 42. The first threaded cylinder 61 and the second threaded cylinder 62 drive the sleeve 63 to rotate and move downward. The second spring 423 is stretched and the third spring 424 is compressed. The sleeve 63 indirectly drives the pressure plate 64 to move downward to the surface of the push plate 36, assisting the push plate 36 in pushing the material on the stacking platform 44. At the same time, the pressure sensing module is used to evaluate the hardness of the material. If the stop 682 deviates from the baffle 66, the restriction on the baffle 66 is released. At this time, the second spring 423 and the third spring 424 return to their original state, driving the sleeve 63 to move upward to the initial position. On the other hand, when the spiral blade 43 rotates in the negative direction following the shaft 42, the second driver 681 controls the deflection shaft 68 to periodically rotate the stop 682. If the stop 682 contacts the baffle 66, the stop 682 blocks the sleeve 63 from rotating with the shaft 42. At this time, there is relative rotation between the sleeve 63 and the shaft 42. Because the rotation directions are different, the first threaded cylinder 61 and the second threaded cylinder 62 drive the sleeve 63 to rotate and move upward. The second spring 423 is compressed and the third spring 424 is stretched, so that the sleeve 63 indirectly drives the connecting plate 65 to rotate and move upward, indirectly driving the brush block 651 to rotate and clean each steam outlet 322 to avoid blockage. If the stop 682 deviates from the baffle 66, the restriction on the baffle 66 is released. At this time, the second spring 423 and the third spring 424 return to their original state, driving the sleeve 63 to move downward to the initial position.

[0040] Optional, such as Figure 2 As shown, a furnace chamber 11 is provided inside the furnace shell 1. An electric heating tube 12 is installed on the inner wall of the furnace chamber 11. A thermocouple 13 is installed inside the furnace chamber 11 to monitor the heating temperature. A protective gas input device 14 is connected to the cover plate 4.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the furnace shell 1 is connected to a support rod 7, the support rod 7 is supported by a support frame 8, and one end of the support rod 7 is connected to a driver 9.

[0042] In actual operation, the drive unit 39 can drive the furnace shell 1 to deflect at a certain angle through the support rod 7 to adapt to actual needs.

[0043] Hawthorn kernel essential oil extraction process based on negative pressure dry distillation:

[0044] Step 1: Raw material pretreatment. The collected hawthorn kernels are washed and dried to remove surface impurities. Before dry distillation, they are soaked in water for 10-15 hours to allow them to swell. This helps to increase the yield of the dry distillation liquid and further remove impurities.

[0045] Step 2: Loading. The processed hawthorn kernels are put into the crucible 2 through the feeding port. The feeding height is controlled to ensure that the material level is not higher than the height of the discharge port 321 on the separator cylinder 32.

[0046] Step 3: Seal and close the cover plate 4. Inert gas (such as nitrogen) is introduced into the crucible through the protective gas input device 14 to replace the air in the furnace and create an oxygen-deficient environment to control the negative pressure dry distillation environment.

[0047] Step 4: Start heating. Start the electric heating tube 12 to heat the furnace 11. The heat is conducted to the hawthorn kernels through the crucible 2 wall. The driver 41 is not working, the spiral blade 43 is stationary, and the material is in a static heating state. The temperature rises slowly and evenly. Thermocouple 13 monitors the furnace temperature in real time to ensure that the heating curve meets the set process. As the temperature rises (usually at 200-300℃), the unstable components in the material begin to undergo pyrolysis reaction, generating CO2, CO and a small amount of volatiles. The initial dry distillation vapor rises through the diversion window 311 of the diversion rack 31 and is led out to the condensation collection system through the pipeline on the cover plate 4.

[0048] Step 5: Turning over to enhance heat transfer. When the temperature rises to the main pyrolysis stage (e.g., 300-400℃), a large amount of volatiles are released. At this time, the driver 41 is started, controlling the spiral blades 43 to rotate in the negative direction. The reverse rotation of the spiral blades 43 turns over the material in the center of the crucible, breaking the adhesion and thermal resistance between the materials, mixing the inner and outer layers of materials, greatly improving the radial heat transfer, avoiding local overheating and uneven heating, and ensuring the uniformity of pyrolysis.

[0049] Step Six: Circulating and turning the material. Entering the middle and late stages of dry distillation, in order to further release the trapped vapor and ensure that the material in the inner area of ​​crucible 2 reacts completely, the actuator 1 41 controls the spiral blade 43 to rotate in the positive direction. The spiral blade 43 lifts the material in the central area of ​​crucible 2 upwards. The material is transported to the top stacking platform 44. The material on the stacking platform 44 falls to the guide plate 33. The guide plate 33 guides the material to the outlet 321 in the outer area. The material is scattered back to the outer area of ​​crucible 2. During this period, the actuator 2 681 is periodically activated, driving the stop block 682 to intercept the baffle 66, triggering the sleeve 63 to move down, and the pressure plate 64 to contact and assist in pushing the material. Its integrated pressure sensing module can monitor the hardness (degree of carbonization) of the material online.

[0050] Step 7: Cooling and Discharge. When the thermocouple detects that the temperature has reached the endpoint and the yield of the dry distillation gas has decreased significantly, heating is stopped. The system is naturally cooled or forced to cool to a safe temperature under the protection of an inert atmosphere. After cooling is completed, the driver 39 is activated, and the entire furnace shell 1 is tilted at a certain angle through the support rod 7, so that the dry distillation product - hawthorn kernel charcoal and a small amount of ash are poured out from the discharge port and enter the subsequent collection and packaging process.

[0051] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hawthorn kernel essential oil extraction device based on negative pressure dry distillation, comprising a furnace shell (1), characterized in that, A crucible (2) is installed inside the furnace shell (1). The crucible (2) is used to pile up the processed hawthorn kernels. A turning mechanism (3) is set inside the crucible (2) to turn the hawthorn kernels. The turning mechanism (3) includes a diversion frame (31). The diversion frame (31) is fixed on the inner wall of the crucible (2) and is set as a ring structure. Several diversion windows (311) are opened on the circumference of the surface of the diversion frame (31). A separator cylinder (32) is connected to the inner ring of the diversion frame (31). The separator cylinder (32) is open from top to bottom. A [missing information] is set on the upper side of the crucible (2). A cover plate (4) is provided with a driver (41) installed on the cover plate (4). The driving end of the driver (41) is connected to a rotating shaft (42). The rotating shaft (42) is provided with a spiral blade (43) on its surface. The upper end of the spiral blade (43) is connected to a stacking platform (44). The circumference of the surface of the separator cylinder (32) is provided with several discharge ports (321). The discharge ports (321) are connected to a guide plate (33). The other end of the guide plate (33) is inclined toward the spiral blade (43) and its height is lower than the height of the stacking platform (44). The shape and size of the guide plate (33) do not affect the normal rotation of the spiral blade (43). The length of the separator (32) is less than half the length of the crucible (2). The spiral blade (43) is controlled by the driver (41) to have two rotation directions. The rotation direction that drives the material to move upward is the positive direction, and the rotation direction that drives the material to move downward is the negative direction. In the early stage of dry distillation, the spiral blade (43) does not rotate, and the crucible (2) heats the material at the set temperature. In the second stage, the spiral blade (43) rotates in the negative direction and only turns the material slightly, so that the internal material can be heated evenly. In the third stage, the spiral blade (43) rotates in the positive direction and slowly moves the material in the inner area of ​​the crucible (2) to the stacking platform (44). The material falls from the stacking platform (44) to the surface of the guide plate (33) and finally falls to the outer area of ​​the crucible (2) through each discharge port (321), realizing the circulation transfer between the inner and outer materials.

2. The hawthorn kernel essential oil extraction equipment based on negative pressure dry distillation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the separator cylinder (32) is covered with a sealing plate (5), and several steam outlets (322) are opened on the upper circumference of the separator cylinder (32). A baffle (323) is fixed inside the steam outlet (322).

3. The hawthorn kernel essential oil extraction equipment based on negative pressure dry distillation according to claim 2, characterized in that, A notch (421) is provided on the upper side of the rotating shaft (42). A fixing plate (422) is fitted in the middle of the notch (421). A second spring (423) is connected to the lower side of the fixing plate (422). A threaded cylinder (61) is connected to the other end of the second spring (423). A third spring (424) is connected to the upper side of the fixing plate (422). A threaded cylinder (62) is connected to the other end of the third spring (424). A threaded section (425) is provided on the upper and lower sides of the notch (421). The threaded cylinder (61), the threaded cylinder (62) and the threaded section (425) cooperate with each other. A sleeve (63) is connected between the threaded cylinder (61) and the threaded cylinder (62).

4. The hawthorn kernel essential oil extraction equipment based on negative pressure dry distillation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower end of the sleeve (63) is connected to a pressure plate (64), and a pressure-sensitive module is laid on the lower surface of the pressure plate (64). The upper end of the sleeve (63) is connected to a connecting plate (65), and several brush blocks (651) are connected around the circumference of the connecting plate (65). A baffle plate (66) is connected to the middle of the sleeve (63).

5. The hawthorn kernel essential oil extraction equipment based on negative pressure dry distillation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The connecting plate (65) has several windows (652) on its surface to reduce the overall weight, and the length of the brush block (651) can reach the inner wall surface of the separator cylinder (32).

6. The hawthorn kernel essential oil extraction equipment based on negative pressure dry distillation according to claim 5, characterized in that, A mounting base two (67) is fixed on the inner wall of the partition cylinder (32). A deflection shaft (68) is rotatably mounted on the mounting base two (67). One end of the deflection shaft (68) extends out of the cover plate (4) and is connected to a driver two (681). A stop block (682) is sleeved on the other end of the deflection shaft (68).

7. The hawthorn kernel essential oil extraction equipment based on negative pressure dry distillation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The furnace shell (1) is provided with a furnace chamber (11), an electric heating tube (12) is installed on the inner wall of the furnace chamber (11), a thermocouple (13) is provided in the furnace chamber (11) for monitoring the heating temperature, and a protective gas input device (14) is connected to the cover plate (4).

8. The hawthorn kernel essential oil extraction equipment based on negative pressure dry distillation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The furnace shell (1) is connected to a support rod (7), the support rod (7) is supported by a support frame (8), and one end of the support rod (7) is connected to a driver (9).

9. A hawthorn kernel essential oil extraction process based on negative pressure dry distillation, applicable to the hawthorn kernel essential oil extraction equipment based on negative pressure dry distillation as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The process flow is as follows: Step 1: Raw material pretreatment. The collected hawthorn kernels are washed, dried, and surface impurities are removed. Before dry distillation, they are soaked in water for 10-15 hours to allow them to expand. Step 2: Loading. Put the processed hawthorn kernels into the crucible (2) through the feeding port, and control the feeding height to ensure that the material surface is not higher than the height of the discharge port (321) on the separator (32). Step 3: Seal and close the cover plate (4). Inert gas is introduced into the crucible through the protective gas input device (14) to replace the air in the furnace and create an oxygen-deficient environment to control the negative pressure dry distillation environment. Step 4: Start heating. Start the electric heating tube (12) to heat the furnace (11). The heat is conducted to the hawthorn kernel through the crucible (2) wall. The driver (41) does not work, the spiral blade (43) is stationary, the material is in a static heating state, and the temperature rises slowly and evenly. The thermocouple (13) monitors the furnace temperature in real time. As the temperature rises, the unstable components in the material begin to undergo pyrolysis reaction. The initial dry distillation vapor rises through the diversion window (311) of the diversion rack (31) and is led out to the condensation collection system through the pipeline on the cover plate (4). Step 5: Turning over to enhance heat transfer. When the temperature rises to the main pyrolysis stage, a large amount of volatiles are released. At this time, the driver 1 (41) is started, controlling the spiral blade (43) to rotate in the negative direction. The reverse rotation of the spiral blade (43) turns over the material in the center of the crucible, destroying the adhesion and thermal resistance between the materials, and mixing the inner and outer layers of materials. Step 6: Circulating material turning. Entering the middle and late stage of dry distillation, the first driver (41) controls the spiral blade (43) to switch to positive rotation. The spiral blade (43) lifts the material in the central area of ​​the crucible (2) upward. The material is transported to the top stacking platform (44). The material on the stacking platform (44) falls to the guide plate (33). The guide plate (33) guides the material to the outlet (321) in the outer area. The material is scattered again to the outside of the crucible (2). During this period, the second driver (681) is periodically started, driving the stop block (682) to intercept the baffle (66), triggering the sleeve (63) to move down, and the pressure plate (64) to contact and assist in pushing the material. Its integrated pressure sensing module can monitor the hardness of the material online. Step 7: Cooling and Discharge. When the thermocouple detects that the temperature has reached the endpoint and the yield of the dry distillation gas has decreased significantly, heating is stopped. The system is naturally cooled or forced to cool to a safe temperature under the protection of an inert atmosphere. After cooling is completed, the driver three (9) works and pushes the entire furnace shell (1) to tilt at a certain angle through the support rod (7), so that the dry distillation product - hawthorn kernel charcoal and a small amount of ash are poured out from the discharge port and enter the subsequent collection and packaging process.

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