Device and method for automatically measuring and backfilling hole bottom overdrilling depth

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and method for automatically measuring and backfilling hole bottom overdrilling depth, and the device comprises a housing, the housing is provided with an automatic distance measuring system and a fine sand collecting or quantitative backfilling system, the housing is an equipment grabbing rod, the equipment grabbing rod is internally provided with a transparent tempered glass housing, and the transparent tempered glass housing is internally provided with a transparent tempered glass collecting bin. A conveying pipe is arranged at one end of the transparent tempered glass collecting bin, the other end of the conveying pipe is in threaded connection with a suction nozzle, and the transparent tempered glass collecting bin is connected with the air compressor through a pipeline. The design elevation of different holes is distinguished according to the hole coordinates by starting the GPS positioning system, the hole depth can be accurately measured through the infrared distance measuring probe, then the over-excavation depth and the backfill volume of each hole are calculated, and accuracy and labor saving are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of blasting engineering technology, specifically relating to an automatic device and method for measuring and backfilling the over-drilling depth at the bottom of a hole. Background Technology

[0002] During blasting operations, due to factors such as blasting design, unexplored geological conditions, and local site conditions, the energy of the explosive may not effectively reach the rock mass below the designed bench elevation, resulting in incomplete blasting and under-excavation, thus forming a blasting foundation. A foundation leads to an uneven bottom plate after blasting, making it difficult to proceed to the next stage of construction. This typically requires manual prying, small-scale blasting, or large-scale mechanical breaking, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, in actual on-site drilling and charging, a certain amount of over-drilling is usually necessary to ensure blasting effectiveness and reduce the formation of foundations. Simultaneously, to ensure the impact of the free surface at the bottom of the over-drilled hole, prevent dangerous "impact blasting," ensure personnel and equipment safety, and ensure that the explosive energy effectively acts on the target rock to obtain a flat bottom plate and good rock breaking effect, it is also necessary to backfill the over-drilled depth with fine sand before drilling and charging. Currently, the conventional method for backfilling the over-drilled depth is manual backfilling. Before loading explosives, a ruler is inserted into the hole to measure the actual hole depth and compare it with the designed hole depth. Then, fine sand from near the hole opening is pushed into the hole until the over-drilled depth is filled. The backfilled sand is then slightly stirred and tamped with a wooden stick to the designed hole depth. This method requires manual operation hole by hole. When the blasting area is large, especially when blasting is required to excavate an arched surface, the designed hole depths of each hole are not the same, resulting in a huge workload for backfilling, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Furthermore, in actual engineering projects, some sites, limited by on-site equipment conditions, use long bamboo strips with graduations instead of rulers, further exacerbating the impact of ruler accuracy and human error, leading to inaccurate backfilling and affecting the blasting effect. Therefore, accurately measuring the over-drilled depth and performing precise backfilling is key to solving the over-drilling problem, and there is an urgent need to propose a device and method for automatically measuring and backfilling the over-drilled depth at the bottom of the hole.

[0003] This invention constructs the coordinate range of each borehole surface by pre-inputting borehole parameters such as borehole coordinates, borehole diameter, and design elevation to the central controller; it uses a GPS positioning device to identify boreholes at different locations, and the central controller extracts the borehole diameter and design elevation of the corresponding location. The actual borehole depth is accurately calculated using an infrared depth sounder. The central controller accurately calculates the over-drilling depth and backfill volume based on the borehole diameter, design elevation, and actual borehole depth. An air compressor is used to create a vacuum, and fine sand is sucked up on-site and stored in a collection bin. The over-drilling backfill is performed according to the backfill volume. This invention can realize automated measurement and backfilling of over-drilling, ensuring sufficient preparation conditions inside the borehole before charging explosives and improving the quality of blasting operations.

[0004] Current methods for handling over-excavation and backfilling are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and inaccurate. The specific method is as follows: First, a long ruler with graduations is inserted into the hole to measure the hole depth. The over-excavation depth is calculated based on the design elevation, and the ruler's graduations at the hole opening are observed. Next, fine sand from near the hole opening is pushed into the hole, while the ruler is used to slightly stir and compact the backfilled sand. The change in the ruler's graduations is observed, and backfilling is stopped when the change equals the calculated over-excavation depth. Because the bottom of the hole is uneven, the over-excavation depth calculated using this method is inaccurate, resulting in inaccurate backfilling and significantly impacting subsequent blasting. Furthermore, the actual number of drilled holes is large, and the design hole bottom elevations are not uniform, making it easy to misinterpret the design elevation. Therefore, in most actual backfilling operations, the design elevation is not considered, and the over-excavation depth is not calculated; the backfill amount is added appropriately based on over-excavation experience. Therefore, accurately measuring the over-excavation depth and performing precise backfilling is crucial to solving the over-excavation problem, and inventing corresponding methods and equipment is essential.

[0005] This invention allows for the prior input of coordinates, corresponding diameters, and design elevations of different boreholes. When the GPS system is activated, the design elevation of each borehole can be determined based on its coordinates. An infrared ranging probe can accurately measure the borehole depth, thereby precisely calculating the over-excavation depth and backfill volume. For backfill material, this invention utilizes fine debris from near the borehole opening, sourced locally, saving time, labor, and money. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an apparatus and method for automatically measuring and backfilling the over-drilling depth at the bottom of a hole, with the aim of solving the problems in the background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an automatic device for measuring and backfilling the over-drilling depth at the bottom of a hole, comprising: a housing, an automatic distance measuring system, and a fine sand collection or quantitative backfilling system; The outer casing is equipped with an automatic distance measuring system and a fine sand collection or quantitative backfilling system; The automatic ranging system is activated to measure the position of the hole; The fine sand collection or quantitative backfilling system is activated to collect or quantitatively backfill the fine sand in the measured borehole.

[0008] Furthermore, the outer casing serves as the equipment's gripping rod; The fine sand collection or quantitative backfilling system includes a transparent tempered glass shell, a transparent tempered glass collection chamber, a delivery pipe, a suction nozzle, and an air compressor; The equipment's grab bar has a transparent tempered glass shell, inside which is a transparent tempered glass collection chamber. One end of the transparent tempered glass collection chamber is equipped with a conveying pipe, and the other end of the conveying pipe is threaded to a suction nozzle. The transparent tempered glass collection chamber is connected to the air compressor via a pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, a transparent glass measuring cylinder is installed between the transparent tempered glass collection chamber and the conveying pipe. An upper valve is installed between the top of the transparent glass measuring cylinder and the transparent tempered glass collection chamber, and two lower valves are installed between the bottom of the transparent glass measuring cylinder and the conveying pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, a weighing module is installed inside the transparent glass graduated cylinder.

[0011] Furthermore, an infrared depth sounder is installed at the bottom of the transparent tempered glass casing.

[0012] Furthermore, the automatic ranging system includes a central controller PLC and a GPS positioning device; A central controller PLC is installed in the upper part of the transparent tempered glass shell, and a GPS locator is installed between the central controller PLC and the transparent tempered glass collection compartment.

[0013] Furthermore, the transparent tempered glass outer shell, the transparent tempered glass collection chamber, and the transparent glass measuring cylinder are all made of tempered glass.

[0014] Furthermore, a human-machine interface (HMI) is provided on the top of the central controller PLC.

[0015] A method for automatically measuring and backfilling the over-drilling depth at the bottom of a hole includes: Data preparation process: Based on the design data, input the center coordinates (x, y) and diameter of each hole into the central controller PLC. Design elevation The data processing module of the central controller PLC is based on the aperture. Calculate the surface area of ​​the hole, and then use the center coordinates (x, y) of each hole and the surface area of ​​the hole to calculate the range of the surface coordinates of each hole so that the GPS positioning device can identify it; For the first The diameter of each hole; For the first Design elevation of each hole; The process of infrared hole depth measurement: The handheld device is moved to the hole being constructed on-site using a gripper. The GPS locator is activated to ensure accurate identification of the device within the coordinate range of each hole's surface. The central PLC then calculates the identified hole diameter. 、 Design elevation The coordinates (x, y) and aperture of the hole are displayed in real time on the human-machine interface (HMI) when the infrared depth sounding probe is moved to different hole positions. Design elevation It will also change in real time; when moving the device, the hole depth is measured at different positions on the same hole each time. The central controller PLC receives data from the infrared depth sounder and calculates the average hole depth by averaging the measured data. The data processing module calculates the average over-drilling depth. , Then the backfill volume is calculated. , Backfill volume It will be displayed on the human-machine interface (HMI); For the first The precise backfill volume required for the over-drilling depth of each hole; The process of the fine sand collection system is as follows: Insert the suction nozzle and the delivery pipe into the hole. The lower valve, the upper valve and the air compressor are opened by the central controller PLC. The air compressor rotates and discharges the gas in the transparent tempered glass collection chamber, creating a negative pressure in the transparent tempered glass collection chamber. Fine sand is sucked into the delivery pipe from both sides of the suction nozzle and transported to the transparent tempered glass collection chamber along the delivery pipe. After a certain amount is collected, the lower valve, the upper valve and the air compressor are closed by the central controller CPLC, and the fine sand recovery process ends. The quantitative backfilling system process is as follows: First, the upper valve is opened and the lower valve is closed by the central controller CPLC. The fine sand in the transparent tempered glass collection bin falls into the transparent glass measuring cylinder. The fine sand is weighed by the weighing module. When the fine sand reaches a certain weight, the weighing data of the weighing module is input into the central controller CPLC. The central controller CPLC then closes the upper valve and opens the lower valve. Under its own weight, the fine sand falls into the hole from directly below the suction nozzle along the conveying pipe, completing the over-drilling backfilling.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages: By pre-inputting the coordinates, diameter, and design elevation of different holes, the GPS positioning system can identify the design elevation of each hole based on its coordinates. An infrared depth sounder can accurately measure the hole depth, thereby calculating the over-drilling depth and backfill volume for each hole—accurate and labor-saving. This invention directly uses fine debris from near the hole as backfill material, utilizing local resources, saving time, labor, and money. It also achieves automatic measurement and backfilling of the over-drilling depth at the bottom of the hole. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a plan view of the device of the present invention.

[0018] Reference numerals: 1. Suction nozzle; 2. Infrared depth sounder; 3. Delivery pipe; 31. Transparent glass measuring cylinder; 4. Lower valve; 5. Upper valve; 6. Air compressor; 7. Equipment gripper; 8. Transparent tempered glass collection bin; 9. Transparent tempered glass outer shell; 10. Central controller PLC; 11. Human-machine interface HMI; 12. GPS locator. Detailed Implementation

[0019] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: an automatic device for measuring and backfilling the over-drilling depth at the bottom of a hole, comprising: a housing, an automatic distance measuring system, and a fine sand collection or quantitative backfilling system; The outer casing is equipped with an automatic distance measuring system and a fine sand collection or quantitative backfilling system; The automatic ranging system is activated to measure the position of the hole; The fine sand collection or quantitative backfilling system is activated to collect or quantitatively backfill the fine sand in the measured borehole.

[0020] The outer casing is the equipment gripper 7. The fine sand collection or quantitative backfilling system includes a transparent tempered glass shell 9, a transparent tempered glass collection chamber 8, a conveying pipe 3, a suction nozzle 1, and an air compressor 6. The equipment gripper 7 has a transparent tempered glass shell 9 inside, and a transparent tempered glass collection chamber 8 inside the transparent tempered glass shell 9. One end of the transparent tempered glass collection chamber 8 is equipped with a conveying pipe 3, and the other end of the conveying pipe 3 is threaded with a suction nozzle 1. Different sizes of suction nozzles 1 can be replaced as needed. The transparent tempered glass collection chamber 8 is connected to the air compressor 6 through a pipe.

[0021] A transparent glass measuring cylinder 31 is provided between the transparent tempered glass collection chamber 8 and the conveying pipe 3. An upper valve 5 is provided between the top of the transparent glass measuring cylinder 31 and the transparent tempered glass collection chamber 8, and two lower valves 4 are provided between the bottom of the transparent glass measuring cylinder 31 and the conveying pipe 3.

[0022] The transparent glass measuring cylinder 31 is equipped with a weighing module.

[0023] The transparent tempered glass shell 9 has an infrared depth sounder 2 at its bottom.

[0024] The automatic ranging system includes a central controller PLC10 and a GPS locator 12; A central controller PLC10 is installed in the upper part of the transparent tempered glass shell 9, and a GPS locator 12 is installed between the central controller PLC10 and the transparent tempered glass collection compartment 8.

[0025] The central controller PLC10 is equipped with a human-machine interface (HMI) 11 on its top, which includes input devices such as a display screen, touch screen, buttons, and keyboard.

[0026] The transparent tempered glass outer shell 9, the transparent tempered glass collection chamber 8, and the transparent glass measuring cylinder 31 are all made of tempered glass. A method for automatically measuring and backfilling the over-drilling depth at the bottom of a hole includes: Data preparation process: Based on the design data, input the center coordinates (x, y) and hole diameter D of each hole into the central controller PLC10. i Design elevation The data processing module of the central controller PLC10 is based on the aperture. Calculate the surface area of ​​the hole, and then use the center coordinates (x, y) of each hole and the surface area of ​​the hole to calculate the range of the surface coordinates of each hole so that the GPS positioning device 12 can identify it; For the first The diameter of each hole; For the first Design elevation of each hole; The process of measuring hole depth using infrared: Hold the device by the gripper 7 and move it to the hole being constructed on-site. Turn on the GPS locator 12 to ensure accurate identification of the device within the coordinate range of each hole's surface. The central controller PLC 10 will then determine the identified hole diameter. 、 Design elevation The coordinates (x, y) and aperture of the moving infrared depth sounder 2 at different hole positions are displayed in real time on the HMI11 human-machine interface. Design elevation It will also change in real time; when moving the device, the hole depth is measured at different positions on the same hole each time. The central controller PLC10 receives data from the infrared depth sounder 2, and calculates the average hole depth by averaging the measured data. The data processing module calculates the average over-drilling depth. , Then the backfill volume is calculated. , Backfill volume It will be displayed on the HMI11 human-machine interface; For the first The precise backfill volume required for the over-drilling depth of each hole; The HMI11 human-machine interface will display the coordinates (x, y) of the orifice and the orifice diameter. Design elevation The process: First, the GPS receiver of the GPS positioning system receives satellite signals to obtain the coordinates and diameter of the borehole at the construction site. Design elevation The GPS data processing module is used to process the coordinates (x, y) and aperture. Design elevation The parsed data is then transmitted to the HMI11 human-machine interface via serial port or USB, and finally displayed on the HMI11. Secondly, the infrared depth measuring probe 2 uses sensors such as laser rangefinders and ultrasonic rangefinders to measure the aperture diameter. The measured aperture diameter is transmitted from the external ranging probe to the central controller PLC10, which processes the data and calculates the aperture diameter. And will calculate the aperture The data is transmitted to the HMI11, where the aperture is then displayed in a suitable format (e.g., meters or millimeters). The data, and then the design elevation module of the central controller PLC10, firstly design the elevation. The device database or memory of the central controller PLC10 is pre-stored. Based on the coordinates of the current construction location hole obtained by the GPS positioning system, the corresponding hole opening design elevation is extracted from the database. Then it is transmitted to the HMI11 human-machine interface; finally, the HMI11's HMI system module is used to transmit the coordinates (x,y) and aperture. Design elevation show; The process of the fine sand collection system is as follows: The suction nozzle 1 and the conveying pipe 3 are inserted into the hole. The lower valve 4, the upper valve 5 and the air compressor 6 are opened by the central controller PLC10. The air compressor 6 rotates to discharge the gas in the transparent tempered glass collection chamber 8, so that a negative pressure is formed in the transparent tempered glass collection chamber 8. The fine sand is sucked into the conveying pipe 3 from both sides of the suction nozzle 1 and transported to the transparent tempered glass collection chamber 8 along the conveying pipe 3. After a certain amount is collected, the lower valve 4, the upper valve 5 and the air compressor 6 are closed by the central controller CPLC. The fine sand recovery process ends and the fine sand collected in the transparent tempered glass collection chamber 8 is used as backfill material. Among them, the transparent tempered glass collection chamber 8 and the transparent tempered glass outer shell 9 are both tempered glass, used to observe whether the fine sand collected in the transparent tempered glass collection chamber 8 is sufficient. If it is insufficient, the fine sand can continue to be collected through the fine sand collection system. The fine sand in the transparent tempered glass collection chamber 8 can be used for several quantitative backfills. The quantitative backfilling system process is as follows: First, the upper valve 5 is opened and the lower valve 4 is closed through the central controller CPLC. The fine sand in the transparent tempered glass collection chamber 8 falls into the transparent glass measuring cylinder 31. The fine sand is weighed by the weighing module. When the fine sand reaches a certain weight, the weighing data of the weighing module is input into the central controller CPLC. The central controller CPLC then closes the upper valve 5 and opens the lower valve 4. Under its own weight, the fine sand falls into the hole from directly below the suction nozzle 1 along the conveying pipe 3, completing the over-drilling backfilling.

[0027] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for automatically measuring and backfilling the over-drilling depth at the bottom of a hole, characterized in that, include: The outer casing, automatic ranging system, and fine sand collection or quantitative backfilling system; The outer casing is equipped with an automatic distance measuring system and a fine sand collection or quantitative backfilling system; The automatic ranging system is activated to measure the position of the hole; The fine sand collection or quantitative backfilling system is activated to collect or quantitatively backfill the fine sand in the measured borehole.

2. The device for automatically measuring and backfilling the over-drilling depth at the bottom of a hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The outer casing is the equipment's gripper bar; The fine sand collection or quantitative backfilling system includes a transparent tempered glass shell, a transparent tempered glass collection chamber, a delivery pipe, a suction nozzle, and an air compressor; The equipment's grab bar has a transparent tempered glass shell, inside which is a transparent tempered glass collection chamber. One end of the transparent tempered glass collection chamber is equipped with a conveying pipe, and the other end of the conveying pipe is threaded to a suction nozzle. The transparent tempered glass collection chamber is connected to the air compressor via a pipe.

3. The device for automatically measuring and backfilling the over-drilling depth at the bottom of a hole according to claim 2, characterized in that: A transparent glass measuring cylinder is installed between the transparent tempered glass collection chamber and the conveying pipe. An upper valve is installed between the top of the transparent glass measuring cylinder and the transparent tempered glass collection chamber, and two lower valves are installed between the bottom of the transparent glass measuring cylinder and the conveying pipe.

4. The device for automatically measuring and backfilling the over-drilling depth at the bottom of a hole according to claim 3, characterized in that: The transparent glass graduated cylinder is equipped with a weighing module.

5. The device for automatically measuring and backfilling the over-drilling depth at the bottom of a hole according to claim 4, characterized in that: An infrared depth sounder is installed at the bottom of the transparent tempered glass casing.

6. The device for automatically measuring and backfilling the over-drilling depth at the bottom of a hole according to claim 5, characterized in that: The automatic ranging system includes a central controller (PLC) and a GPS locator; A central controller PLC is installed in the upper part of the transparent tempered glass shell, and a GPS locator is installed between the central controller PLC and the transparent tempered glass collection compartment.

7. The device for automatically measuring and backfilling the over-drilling depth at the bottom of a hole according to claim 6, characterized in that: The transparent tempered glass outer shell, the transparent tempered glass collection chamber, and the transparent glass measuring cylinder are all made of tempered glass.

8. The device for automatically measuring and backfilling the over-drilling depth at the bottom of a hole according to claim 7, characterized in that: The central controller PLC is equipped with a human-machine interface (HMI) on top.

9. A method for automatically measuring and backfilling the over-drilling depth at the bottom of a hole, characterized in that, include: Data preparation process: Based on the design data, input the center coordinates (x, y) and diameter of each hole into the central controller PLC. Design elevation ; The data processing module of the central controller PLC is based on the aperture. Calculate the surface area of ​​the hole, and then use the center coordinates (x, y) of each hole and the surface area of ​​the hole to calculate the range of the surface coordinates of each hole so that the GPS positioning device can identify it; For the first The diameter of each hole; For the first Design elevation of each hole; The process of infrared hole depth measurement: The handheld device is moved to the hole being constructed on-site using a gripper. The GPS locator is activated to ensure accurate identification of the device within the coordinate range of each hole's surface. The central PLC then calculates the identified hole diameter. 、 Design elevation The coordinates (x, y) and aperture of the hole are displayed in real time on the human-machine interface (HMI) when the infrared depth sounding probe is moved to different hole positions. Design elevation It will also change in real time; when moving the device, the hole depth is measured at different positions on the same hole each time. The central controller PLC receives data from the infrared depth sounder and calculates the average hole depth by averaging the measured data. The data processing module calculates the average over-drilling depth. , Then the backfill volume is calculated. , Backfill volume It will be displayed on the human-machine interface (HMI); For the first The precise backfill volume required for the over-drilling depth of each hole; The process of the fine sand collection system is as follows: Insert the suction nozzle and the delivery pipe into the hole. The lower valve, the upper valve and the air compressor are opened by the central controller PLC. The air compressor rotates and discharges the gas in the transparent tempered glass collection chamber, creating a negative pressure in the transparent tempered glass collection chamber. Fine sand is sucked into the delivery pipe from both sides of the suction nozzle and transported to the transparent tempered glass collection chamber along the delivery pipe. After a certain amount is collected, the lower valve, the upper valve and the air compressor are closed by the central controller CPLC, and the fine sand recovery process ends. The quantitative backfilling system process is as follows: First, the upper valve is opened and the lower valve is closed by the central controller CPLC. The fine sand in the transparent tempered glass collection bin falls into the transparent glass measuring cylinder. The fine sand is weighed by the weighing module. When the fine sand reaches a certain weight, the weighing data of the weighing module is input into the central controller CPLC. The central controller CPLC then closes the upper valve and opens the lower valve. Under its own weight, the fine sand falls into the hole from directly below the suction nozzle along the conveying pipe, completing the over-drilling backfilling.

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