Method and device for detecting defects of lower base metal of surfacing layer on inner wall of connecting pipe and related equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a method and a device for detecting defects of base metal under a surfacing layer on the inner wall of a connecting pipe and related equipment, and the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a plane test piece and a connecting pipe test piece, and arranging a plurality of artificial reflectors and a plurality of simulation defects on the base metal under the surfacing layer of the plane test piece and the connecting pipe test piece; based on a preset ultrasonic detection probe and ultrasonic detection parameter combination, performing ultrasonic scanning on the plane test piece to obtain first scanning data, and determining first ultrasonic detection configuration; based on the first ultrasonic detection configuration, performing ultrasonic scanning on the connecting pipe test piece to obtain second scanning data, and determining target ultrasonic detection configuration according to the second scanning data; based on the second scanning data and the defect attribute information of the second group of simulation defects, constructing a defect identification rule of the target takeover; and performing ultrasonic scanning on the target takeover based on the target ultrasonic detection configuration and the defect identification rule to obtain target defect data. The accuracy of defect detection of the base metal under the surfacing layer can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of nuclear power safety inspection, and in particular to a method, apparatus and related equipment for detecting defects in the base material under the weld overlay on the inner wall of a nozzle. Background Technology

[0002] The reactor pressure vessel is the core pressure-bearing equipment of a nuclear power plant, and its structural integrity directly affects the safe operation of the plant. Direct injection (DI) nozzles are crucial for rapidly introducing coolant into the reactor core during accidents or other emergencies, maintaining effective core cooling and preventing fuel element overheating or even melting. Therefore, the structural integrity of the DDI nozzle itself, especially the quality of its inner wall area during manufacturing, is critical to ensuring its reliable performance of safety functions.

[0003] In related technologies, ultrasonic testing is primarily used to inspect for potential manufacturing defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of direct injection nozzles. However, due to the severe interference of the austenitic stainless steel weld overlay on the ultrasonic beam and the difficulties in scanning and coupling caused by its small diameter and complex curved surface structure, existing ultrasonic testing methods are significantly insufficient in accurately locating and quantifying defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay. This makes it difficult to ensure the accuracy and reliability of defect detection and fails to meet the high-precision quantitative testing requirements for nozzle structural integrity assessment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application provides a method, apparatus, and related equipment for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of a nozzle, which can improve the accuracy of detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of a nozzle.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of a pipe, including:

[0006] Obtain a planar test piece and a nozzle test piece corresponding to the target nozzle, and set multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer of the planar test piece, and set multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer of the nozzle test piece;

[0007] Based on a variety of preset ultrasonic probes and multiple combinations of ultrasonic detection parameters, multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects are ultrasonically scanned to obtain first scan data, and a first ultrasonic detection configuration is determined based on the first scan data.

[0008] Based on the first ultrasonic testing configuration, multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects are ultrasonically scanned to obtain second scanning data, and the target ultrasonic testing configuration is determined based on the second scanning data.

[0009] Based on the second scan data and the defect attribute information of the second set of simulated defects, a defect identification rule for the target takeover is constructed;

[0010] Based on the target ultrasonic testing configuration, the target connector is ultrasonically scanned to obtain target scan data, and target defect data is identified in the target scan data according to the defect identification rules.

[0011] In some embodiments, the provision of a plurality of first artificial reflectors and a plurality of first simulated defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay of the planar test specimen, and the provision of a plurality of second artificial reflectors and a plurality of second simulated defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay of the nozzle test specimen, includes:

[0012] In the base material under the weld overlay of the planar test specimen, a plurality of first artificial reflectors are provided; wherein, the types of the first artificial reflectors include long horizontal holes, sidewall flat-bottomed holes, and flat-bottomed holes;

[0013] Multiple rectangular grooves of different preset sizes are arranged at intervals along the welding direction of the planar test piece to form multiple first simulated defects;

[0014] In the base material beneath the weld overlay of the test specimen, a plurality of second artificial reflectors are provided; wherein, the second artificial reflector includes a long horizontal hole and a flat-bottomed hole;

[0015] Multiple rectangular grooves of different preset sizes are set at different axial positions along the welding direction on the test piece of the nozzle to form multiple simulated defects.

[0016] In some embodiments, the plurality of ultrasonic probes include a plurality of transverse wave probes and longitudinal wave oblique probes at preset frequencies, and the ultrasonic detection parameter combination includes a plurality of preset beam angles. The process of performing ultrasonic scanning on a plurality of first artificial reflectors and a plurality of first simulated defects based on the preset plurality of ultrasonic probes and the plurality of ultrasonic detection parameter combinations to obtain first scanning data, and determining a first ultrasonic detection configuration based on the first scanning data, includes:

[0017] By using multiple preset frequency transverse wave probes or longitudinal wave oblique probes, and multiple preset sound beam angles, multiple first artificial reflectors are ultrasonically scanned to obtain first detection sensitivity response values ​​under different combinations of probes and sound beam angles.

[0018] Using multiple preset frequency transverse wave probes or longitudinal wave oblique probes, and multiple preset sound beam angles, multiple first simulated defects are ultrasonically scanned to obtain first defect echo response values ​​under different probe and sound beam angle combinations; wherein, the first detection sensitivity response value and the first defect echo response value together constitute the first scan data.

[0019] Based on the first scan data, at least one probe type, probe frequency, beam angle, and sensitivity setting that can effectively detect each of the first simulated defects are determined as the first ultrasonic testing configuration.

[0020] In some embodiments, the step of performing ultrasonic scanning on a plurality of second artificial reflectors and a plurality of second simulated defects based on the first ultrasonic testing configuration to obtain second scanning data, and determining a target ultrasonic testing configuration based on the second scanning data, includes:

[0021] According to the first ultrasonic testing configuration, multiple second artificial reflectors are ultrasonically scanned to obtain a second detection sensitivity response value under the curved surface geometry of the pipe test piece.

[0022] According to the first ultrasonic testing configuration, multiple second simulated defects are ultrasonically scanned to obtain a second defect echo response value for each second simulated defect under the curved surface geometry of the connector test piece; wherein, the second detection sensitivity response value and the second defect echo response value together constitute the second scan data;

[0023] Based on the second scan data, the first ultrasonic testing configuration is updated to obtain the target ultrasonic testing configuration that adapts to the inner wall curved surface testing requirements of the target pipe.

[0024] In some embodiments, constructing the defect identification rules for the target takeover based on the second scan data and the defect attribute information of the second set of simulated defects includes:

[0025] Based on the second scanning data and the defect attribute information of each of the second simulated defects, a qualitative identification rule for determining whether a defect exists is constructed.

[0026] Based on the second scanning data and the defect attribute information of each of the second simulated defects, a quantitative assessment rule for quantitatively evaluating the defect size is constructed; wherein, the qualitative identification rule and the quantitative assessment rule together constitute the defect identification rule.

[0027] In some embodiments, the step of constructing a qualitative defect identification rule for determining the existence of a defect based on the second scanning data and the defect attribute information of each of the second simulated defects specifically includes:

[0028] Based on the multiple echo signals generated by the multiple artificial reflectors of the second group in the second scan data, the defect reference sensitivity is determined;

[0029] Based on the echo characteristics generated by each of the second simulated defects in the second scan data and the defect attribute information corresponding to the second simulated defects, the echo amplitude threshold condition, acoustic feature matching condition and minimum defect depth condition for identifying defects in the base material under the weld overlay are determined.

[0030] The defect qualitative identification rule is constructed based on the benchmark sensitivity, the echo amplitude threshold condition, the acoustic feature matching condition, and the minimum defect depth condition.

[0031] In some embodiments, the step of constructing a quantitative assessment rule for quantifying defect size based on the second scanning data and the defect attribute information of the second set of simulated defects includes:

[0032] For each of the second simulated defects, the thickness of the weld overlay corresponding to the second simulated defect in the second scan data is taken as the upper endpoint position of the second simulated defect;

[0033] Using a dual-crystal longitudinal wave angle probe, the maximum echo signal associated with the second simulated defect is identified in the second scan data on the surface of the weld overlay of the test tube to determine the lower end point location of the simulated defect;

[0034] Based on the upper and lower endpoint positions, the defect height of the second simulated defect is determined, and the quantitative evaluation rule is obtained.

[0035] In some embodiments, the step of performing ultrasonic scanning on the target connector based on the target ultrasonic testing configuration to obtain target scanning data, and identifying target defect data in the target scanning data according to the defect identification rules, includes:

[0036] Based on the ultrasonic probe, probe frequency, beam angle and sensitivity settings determined in the target ultrasonic testing configuration, ultrasonic scanning is performed on the surface of the weld overlay layer on the inner wall of the target connector to obtain the ultrasonic echo signal reflected from inside the target connector, forming initial scanning data;

[0037] The initial scan data is filtered and judged according to the defect identification rules to obtain the target defect detection data.

[0038] In some embodiments, the step of filtering and determining the initial scan data according to the defect identification rules to obtain the target defect detection data includes:

[0039] Each ultrasonic echo data in the initial scan data is compared with the defect qualitative identification rule in the defect identification rule. If a certain ultrasonic echo data satisfies the echo amplitude threshold condition, acoustic feature matching condition and minimum defect depth condition in the defect qualitative identification rule, or if the ultrasonic echo data is greater than or equal to the reference sensitivity and satisfies the minimum defect depth condition, then the ultrasonic echo data is determined to correspond to a base material defect under the weld overlay.

[0040] The ultrasonic echo data that are determined to correspond to defects in the base material under the weld overlay are summarized to form the target defect detection data.

[0041] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0042] Based on the defect identification rules, the echo signals related to the second simulated defect in the second scan data are analyzed to determine the minimum simulated defect size and the corresponding defect type.

[0043] The minimum simulated defect size and the corresponding defect type are determined as the minimum defect detection capability value of the method for detecting defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer on the inner wall of the nozzle.

[0044] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a defect detection device for the base material under the weld overlay layer on the inner wall of a pipe, comprising:

[0045] The acquisition module is used to acquire a planar test piece and a test piece corresponding to the target nozzle, and to set multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer of the planar test piece, and to set multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer of the test piece.

[0046] The first scanning module is used to perform ultrasonic scanning on multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects based on a preset combination of multiple ultrasonic probes and multiple ultrasonic detection parameters, to obtain first scanning data, and to determine the first ultrasonic detection configuration based on the first scanning data.

[0047] The second scanning module is used to perform ultrasonic scanning on multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects based on the first ultrasonic testing configuration, obtain second scanning data, and determine the target ultrasonic testing configuration based on the second scanning data.

[0048] The construction module is used to construct the defect identification rules for the target takeover based on the second scan data and the defect attribute information of the second set of simulated defects;

[0049] The third scanning module is used to perform ultrasonic scanning on the target connector based on the target ultrasonic testing configuration, obtain target scanning data, and identify target defect data from the target scanning data according to the defect identification rules.

[0050] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, including: a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the method for detecting defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer on the inner wall of the nozzle as described in any one of the embodiments of the first aspect of this application.

[0051] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a program that is executed by a processor to implement the method for detecting defects in the base material under the weld overlay on the inner wall of a nozzle as described in any one of the embodiments of the first aspect of this application.

[0052] The method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of the nozzle according to the embodiments of this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0053] The method for detecting defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer of the inner wall of a nozzle according to an embodiment of this application includes: acquiring a planar test piece corresponding to a target nozzle and a nozzle test piece; setting multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer of the planar test piece; setting multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer of the nozzle test piece; performing ultrasonic scanning on the multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects based on a preset combination of multiple ultrasonic probes and multiple ultrasonic detection parameters to obtain first scanning data, and determining a first ultrasonic detection configuration based on the first scanning data; performing ultrasonic scanning on the multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects based on the first ultrasonic detection configuration to obtain second scanning data, and determining a target ultrasonic detection configuration based on the second scanning data; constructing defect identification rules for the target nozzle based on the second scanning data and defect attribute information of the second set of simulated defects; performing ultrasonic scanning on the target nozzle based on the target ultrasonic detection configuration to obtain target scanning data, and identifying target defect data in the target scanning data according to the defect identification rules.

[0054] This application first obtains a planar test piece and a test piece corresponding to the target nozzle. Multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects are set in the base material beneath the weld overlay of the planar test piece, and multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects are set in the base material beneath the weld overlay of the test piece. This systematically simulates the effects of the weld overlay on sound beam attenuation, scattering, and deflection during actual testing, as well as the influence of the complex curved surface structure of the inner wall of the small-diameter nozzle on probe coupling and sound beam propagation path. This provides an experimental basis for subsequent targeted optimization of ultrasonic testing configuration and establishment of accurate defect identification rules. Then, based on multiple preset ultrasonic probes and multiple combinations of ultrasonic testing parameters, ultrasonic scanning is performed on the multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects to obtain first scanning data. Based on the first scanning data, a first ultrasonic testing configuration is determined. Under relatively simple planar conditions, this approach first focuses on overcoming the adverse effects of the austenitic stainless steel weld overlay on ultrasonic testing. By comparing the detection effects of different probe and parameter combinations, a preliminary ultrasonic testing configuration with good detection capability for defects in the underlying base material is selected. Next, based on the first ultrasonic testing configuration, multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects are ultrasonically scanned to obtain second scan data. The target ultrasonic testing configuration is then determined based on this data. The preliminarily optimized testing configuration can be applied to test specimens simulating the complex geometry of the inner wall of a real small-diameter nozzle, thus obtaining the optimal ultrasonic testing configuration truly suitable for the actual testing needs of the target nozzle. Subsequently, based on the second scan data and the defect attribute information of the second set of simulated defects, defect identification rules for the target nozzle are constructed. This allows for the establishment of a set of quantifiable qualitative defect identification rules using precise detection data of simulated defects of known types, sizes, and locations on representative nozzle test specimens. This addresses the lack of specific evaluation criteria for defects under such particular structures and material combinations in existing general standards and specifications, providing a reliable basis for accurately determining the nature and size of defects. Finally, by performing ultrasonic scanning on the target nozzle based on the target ultrasonic testing configuration, target scanning data is obtained. Target defect data is then identified from the target scanning data according to defect identification rules. The aforementioned systematically optimized testing configuration and identification rules can be applied to the defect detection of actual target nozzles, thereby accurately identifying the real defects existing in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of the target nozzle. Compared with existing technologies that mainly rely on general standards and specifications for testing and lack comprehensive consideration of the influence of weld overlays and complex curved surface structures on the inner wall of small-diameter nozzles, the method provided in this application first overcomes the influence of the weld overlay, then adapts to complex structures, and constructs quantifiable defect identification rules based on the test results of known simulated defects. This not only effectively overcomes the interference of weld overlay materials and complex geometries on ultrasonic testing, ensuring the stability and reliability of the testing, but more importantly, it enables high-precision qualitative and quantitative analysis of defects.This enables the method to accurately identify and assess defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of small-diameter vessel nozzles, improving the accuracy and reliability of such defect detection.

[0055] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0056] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0057] Figure 1 A flowchart of an optional method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of a nozzle, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0058] Figure 2 A flowchart of another optional method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of a nozzle, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the design of the artificial reflector in the planar test specimen provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0060] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the design of simulating defects in a planar test specimen and detecting simulated defects using a slant probe, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0061] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the design of the artificial reflector in the pipe fitting test specimen provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0062] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the design for simulating defects in a test specimen provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 7 A flowchart of another optional method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of a nozzle, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 8 A schematic diagram illustrating the design of simulating defects in a planar test specimen and detecting simulated defects with a straight probe, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0065] Figure 9 A flowchart of another optional method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of a nozzle, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0066] Figure 10 A schematic diagram illustrating the design of using a straight probe or an angled probe to detect simulated defects and artificial reflectors in a pipe test specimen provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0067] Figure 11A flowchart of another optional method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of a nozzle, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figure 12 A flowchart of another optional method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of a nozzle, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0069] Figure 13 A flowchart of another optional method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of a nozzle, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 14 A flowchart of another optional method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of a nozzle, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of a defect detection device for the base material under the weld overlay layer on the inner wall of a nozzle provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0072] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0073] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0074] In the description of this application, "several" means one or more, "more than" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," "exceeding," etc. are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," "within," etc. are understood to include the stated number. Where "first" or "second" is mentioned, it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the sequential relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0075] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, left, right, front, and back, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0076] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0077] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "setting," "installation," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific content of the technical solution. Furthermore, the identification of specific steps in the following text does not imply a limitation on the order of steps or execution logic. The execution order and logic between each step should be understood and inferred from the content described in the embodiments.

[0078] The reactor pressure vessel is the core pressure-bearing equipment of a nuclear power plant, and its structural integrity directly affects the safe operation of the plant. Direct injection (DI) nozzles are crucial for rapidly introducing coolant into the reactor core during accidents or other emergencies, maintaining effective core cooling and preventing fuel element overheating or even melting. Therefore, the structural integrity of the DDI nozzle itself, especially the quality of its inner wall area during manufacturing, is critical to ensuring its reliable performance of safety functions.

[0079] In related technologies, ultrasonic testing is primarily used to inspect for potential manufacturing defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of direct injection nozzles. However, due to the severe interference of the austenitic stainless steel weld overlay on the ultrasonic beam and the difficulties in scanning and coupling caused by its small diameter and complex curved surface structure, existing ultrasonic testing methods are significantly insufficient in accurately locating and quantifying defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay. This makes it difficult to ensure the accuracy and reliability of defect detection and fails to meet the high-precision quantitative testing requirements for nozzle structural integrity assessment.

[0080] Based on this, this application first obtains a planar test piece and a test piece corresponding to the target nozzle. Multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects are set in the base material under the weld overlay of the planar test piece, and multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects are set in the base material under the weld overlay of the test piece. This systematically simulates the effects of the weld overlay on the attenuation, scattering, and deflection of the sound beam during actual testing, as well as the influence of the complex curved surface structure of the inner wall of the small-diameter nozzle on probe coupling and the sound beam propagation path. This provides an experimental basis for subsequent targeted optimization of the ultrasonic testing configuration and the establishment of accurate defect identification rules. Then, based on multiple preset ultrasonic probes and multiple combinations of ultrasonic testing parameters, ultrasonic scanning is performed on the multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects to obtain first scanning data. Based on the first scanning data, a first ultrasonic testing configuration is determined. Under relatively simple planar conditions, this approach first focuses on overcoming the adverse effects of the austenitic stainless steel weld overlay on ultrasonic testing. By comparing the detection effects of different probe and parameter combinations, a preliminary ultrasonic testing configuration with good detection capability for defects in the underlying base material is selected. Next, based on the first ultrasonic testing configuration, multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects are ultrasonically scanned to obtain second scan data. The target ultrasonic testing configuration is then determined based on this data. The preliminarily optimized testing configuration can be applied to test specimens simulating the complex geometry of the inner wall of a real small-diameter nozzle, thus obtaining the optimal ultrasonic testing configuration truly suitable for the actual testing needs of the target nozzle. Subsequently, based on the second scan data and the defect attribute information of the second set of simulated defects, defect identification rules for the target nozzle are constructed. This allows for the establishment of a set of quantifiable qualitative defect identification rules using precise detection data of simulated defects of known types, sizes, and locations on representative nozzle test specimens. This addresses the lack of specific evaluation criteria for defects under such particular structures and material combinations in existing general standards and specifications, providing a reliable basis for accurately determining the nature and size of defects. Finally, by performing ultrasonic scanning on the target nozzle based on the target ultrasonic testing configuration, target scanning data is obtained. Target defect data is then identified from the target scanning data according to defect identification rules. The aforementioned systematically optimized testing configuration and identification rules can be applied to the defect detection of actual target nozzles, thereby accurately identifying the real defects existing in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of the target nozzle. Compared with existing technologies that mainly rely on general standards and specifications for testing and lack comprehensive consideration of the influence of weld overlays and complex curved surface structures on the inner wall of small-diameter nozzles, the method provided in this application first overcomes the influence of the weld overlay, then adapts to complex structures, and constructs quantifiable defect identification rules based on the test results of known simulated defects. This not only effectively overcomes the interference of weld overlay materials and complex geometries on ultrasonic testing, ensuring the stability and reliability of the testing, but more importantly, it enables high-precision qualitative and quantitative analysis of defects.This enables the method to accurately identify and assess defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of small-diameter vessel nozzles, improving the accuracy and reliability of such defect detection.

[0081] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of a nozzle. The reactor coolant pump includes a thrust bearing. The method may include, but is not limited to, the following steps 101 to 105:

[0082] Step 101: Obtain a planar test piece and a nozzle test piece corresponding to the target nozzle, and set multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer of the planar test piece, and set multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer of the nozzle test piece.

[0083] Step 102: Based on a preset combination of multiple ultrasonic probes and multiple ultrasonic detection parameters, perform ultrasonic scanning on multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects to obtain first scanning data, and determine the first ultrasonic detection configuration based on the first scanning data.

[0084] Step 103: Based on the first ultrasonic testing configuration, perform ultrasonic scanning on multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects to obtain second scanning data, and determine the target ultrasonic testing configuration based on the second scanning data.

[0085] Step 104: Based on the second scan data and the defect attribute information of the second set of simulated defects, construct the defect identification rules for target takeover.

[0086] Step 105: Perform ultrasonic scanning on the target pipe based on the target ultrasonic testing configuration to obtain target scanning data, and identify target defect data in the target scanning data according to the defect identification rules.

[0087] In step 101 of some embodiments, the "target nozzle" refers to the actual workpiece to be ultrasonically tested, such as a small-diameter direct injection (DVI) nozzle. To systematically study and optimize the testing method, two types of test pieces need to be prepared: "planar test pieces" and "nozzle test pieces." Planar test pieces are typically composed of a flat plate with the same base material and weld overlay material and process as the target nozzle. Their purpose is to preliminarily evaluate and screen ultrasonic testing parameters under simplified geometric conditions to address the effects of weld overlay (such as austenitic stainless steel weld overlay) on sound beam propagation, such as attenuation, scattering, and deflection. Nozzle test pieces need to replicate the actual geometric characteristics of the target nozzle, particularly the curvature and diameter of the inner wall, as well as the distribution and thickness of the weld overlay, to verify and ultimately determine the testing configuration under conditions closer to real-world operating conditions. Within the base material region below the weld overlay of these test pieces, "artificial reflectors" and "simulated defects" need to be pre-set. "Artificial reflectors" are standard defects of known size and shape, such as flat-bottomed holes or side-drilled holes, used to calibrate instrument sensitivity and evaluate sound beam characteristics. "Simulated defects" are created through processing methods to simulate defects such as cracks that may occur in reality, such as rectangular grooves of different sizes. A "first artificial reflector" and a "first simulated defect" are set on the planar test piece, while a "second artificial reflector" and a "second simulated defect" are set on the nozzle test piece. The type, size, and distribution of these artificial reflectors and simulated defects are recorded to facilitate subsequent evaluation of the testing method's performance.

[0088] Please see Figure 2 In some embodiments, step 101 may include, but is not limited to, steps 201 to 204.

[0089] Step 201: Set multiple first artificial reflectors in the base material under the weld overlay of the planar test piece.

[0090] Step 202: Multiple rectangular grooves of different preset sizes are set at intervals along the welding direction of the planar test piece to form multiple first simulated defects.

[0091] Step 203: In the base material under the weld overlay of the test piece, a plurality of second artificial reflectors are set; wherein, the second artificial reflectors include elongated horizontal holes and flat-bottomed holes.

[0092] Step 204: Multiple rectangular grooves of different preset sizes are set at different axial positions of the test piece along the welding direction to form multiple second simulated defects.

[0093] In step 201 of some embodiments, the base material and the material and process of the surface weld overlay of the planar test specimen are consistent with those of the actual target connector to be tested (such as a DVI connector). Figure 3As shown, various types of "first artificial reflectors" were fabricated in the base material region beneath the weld overlay of the planar test specimen after weld overlay treatment. These artificial reflectors are used for subsequent sensitivity calibration and performance evaluation of the ultrasonic testing system. Among them, elongated transverse holes, for example... Figure 3 The "Φ1.5 horizontal hole" and "Φ2 horizontal hole" indicated in the label refer to cylindrical holes drilled parallel to the surface of the test piece, commonly used for basic sensitivity reference. "Flat-bottomed sidewall hole," such as... Figure 3 The "Φ2 flat-bottomed hole on the sidewall" indicated in the designation refers to a hole drilled into the side of the test piece to form a flat bottom surface at a predetermined depth. This flat bottom surface serves as the primary reflecting surface, simulating planar defects in a specific direction. "Flat-bottomed hole," as... Figure 3 The “Φ2 flat-bottomed hole” indicated in the text is typically drilled vertically into the bottom surface or a specific surface of the test piece, forming a flat bottom surface at a predetermined depth to serve as a reflector. By setting up these first artificial reflectors of different types and sizes, the detection capabilities of different ultrasonic probes and parameter combinations on reflectors of different morphologies can be comprehensively evaluated in subsequent ultrasonic testing, especially the detection effect under the influence of coarse-grained materials such as austenitic stainless steel weld overlays.

[0094] In step 202 of some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, multiple rectangular grooves are machined at intervals along the weld overlay direction in the base material beneath the weld overlay of the planar test specimen, for example... Figure 4 The slots "Slot 1" to "Slot 5" are schematically marked in the diagram (although the probe and beam path in the diagram may refer to the detection process, the dashed boxes represent the locations of these slots). These rectangular slots have different "preset dimensions," mainly referring to their height (i.e., depth in the base material) and length, such as 2×6mm, 4×12mm, 6×18mm, 8×24mm, and 10×30mm. These rectangular slots together constitute the "first simulated defect." By setting up these simulated defects with different sizes that more closely resemble the actual crack morphology, the detection capability and quantitative accuracy (especially the height measurement capability) of ultrasonic testing methods for this type of defect can be systematically studied, providing an experimental data basis for subsequently establishing qualitative and quantitative evaluation criteria for defects. Arranging these simulated defects along the weld overlay direction on a planar test piece helps to evaluate the difference in detection methods for defects parallel or perpendicular to the weld overlay texture.

[0095] To more comprehensively evaluate the behavior of ultrasonic waves when penetrating the weld overlay and to increase the controllability of the test, the planar test specimen used can be designed with two opposing surfaces covered with a weld overlay consistent with the target nozzle. For example... Figure 4 As shown, in the base material beneath the weld overlay on each side of the planar test specimen, multiple rectangular grooves are machined at intervals along the weld overlay direction on that side. For example, a groove is provided under the weld overlay on one side. Figure 4The selected "slot 1" to "slot 5" are a set of simulated defects, and on the other side, under the weld overlay layer, another set of "slot 1" to "slot 5" of the same type, size and arrangement are also set.

[0096] In step 203 of some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the test specimen is typically a pipe segment or a sector-shaped block with a representative inner wall profile, whose base material and inner wall weld overlay are consistent with the target pipe. Multiple "secondary artificial reflectors" are fabricated within the base material region below the inner wall weld overlay. These artificial reflectors, similar to those in planar test specimens, are primarily used to calibrate and evaluate the sensitivity and beam characteristics of the ultrasonic testing system under curved surface conditions. These secondary artificial reflectors specifically include "elongated transverse holes," for example... Figure 5 The bottom of the icon indicates "Φ2 horizontal holes" and "Φ1.5 horizontal holes," which are typically arranged parallel to the pipe axis or circumferentially; and "flat-bottomed holes," such as... Figure 5 The "Φ2 flat-bottomed hole" shown in the bottom diagram has a flat reflective surface perpendicular to the expected incident direction of the sound beam. By setting these artificial reflectors on the test piece with actual curvature of the nozzle, the coupling effect of the ultrasonic probe on the target nozzle, the focusing and coverage capability of the sound beam, and the specific impact of the weld overlay on the sound beam propagation under curved surface conditions can be evaluated more accurately.

[0097] In step 204 of some embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the "connector test piece" can be a component with complex geometric features, for example... Figure 6 The DVI nozzle simulation specimen shown may contain segments of different diameters, such as the "small end," "middle," and "large end," where the inner wall curvature and accessibility for inspection may vary. In the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of such a nozzle test specimen, multiple "rectangular grooves" are machined at intervals along the "weld overlay direction" of their respective regions at "different axial locations," for example, in the small, middle, and large end regions. These rectangular grooves have "different preset dimensions," particularly different heights and lengths, to simulate potential cracks of different sizes. These grooves collectively constitute a "second simulated defect." By arranging these simulated defects in different geometric regions of the nozzle test specimen (e.g., locations with different diameters and radii of curvature), the consistency, location accuracy, and dimensional measurement precision of the "target ultrasonic testing configuration" for defect detection across a representative area of ​​the target nozzle can be systematically evaluated, thereby ensuring that the ultimately determined testing method can be reliably applied to target nozzles with complex shapes.

[0098] In step 102 of some embodiments, the "preset multiple ultrasonic probes" may include different types (such as longitudinal wave probes and transverse wave probes) and different frequencies (such as 1MHz, 2MHz, 2.5MHz, and 4MHz). The "multiple ultrasonic detection parameter combinations" involve the settings of the ultrasonic instrument, such as the scanning method, the sound beam detection angle (such as 70°, 60°, 45°, and 0°), and the sensitivity settings. By performing "ultrasonic scanning" tests on the first artificial reflector and the first simulated defect on the planar test piece, a large amount of "first scanning data" can be obtained. This data directly reflects the penetration capability of different probe and parameter combinations for defects under the weld overlay and the clarity of the defect signal. By analyzing this first scanning data and comparing the detection effect and signal quality of different probe and parameter combinations for defects under the weld overlay, a set of probe types, key operating parameters, and preliminary sensitivity levels that perform relatively well under the current conditions can be selected. These together constitute the "first ultrasonic testing configuration." This configuration provides a basis for further optimization on more complex nozzle test pieces.

[0099] Please see Figure 7 In some embodiments, the multiple ultrasonic probes include multiple preset frequency transverse wave probes and longitudinal wave oblique probes, and the ultrasonic probe parameter combination includes multiple preset sound beam angles. Step 102 may include, but is not limited to, steps 701 to 703.

[0100] Step 701: Using multiple preset frequency transverse wave probes or longitudinal wave angle probes and multiple preset sound beam angles, perform ultrasonic scanning on multiple first artificial reflectors to obtain the first detection sensitivity response value under different probe and sound beam angle combinations.

[0101] Step 702: Using multiple preset frequency transverse wave probes or longitudinal wave angle probes and multiple preset sound beam angles, perform ultrasonic scanning on multiple first simulated defects to obtain the echo response values ​​of the first defects under different combinations of probes and sound beam angles.

[0102] Step 703: Based on the first scan data, determine at least one probe type, probe frequency, beam angle and sensitivity setting that can effectively detect each first simulated defect, as the first ultrasonic testing configuration.

[0103] In step 701 of some embodiments, a series of transverse wave probes or longitudinal wave angle probes with "multiple preset frequencies" are selected. For each selected probe, "multiple preset beam angles" are also tried, which can be achieved by using wedges of different angles. Through these combinations of different probe types, frequencies, and beam angles, a comprehensive "ultrasonic scan" of the first artificial reflector on the planar test piece is performed. For each combination, the response signal intensity or other key characteristics to a standard artificial reflector are recorded; these quantified responses are the "first detection sensitivity response values." These response values ​​reflect the detection capability and signal quality of the ultrasonic system for known standard reflective sources under different configurations; for example, for a flat-bottomed hole of a specific depth, which probe and angle combination yields the highest and clearest echo signal. This process helps to initially screen for probes and angle ranges that have good penetration capability and reflector indication capability to the base material under the weld overlay.

[0104] In step 702 of some embodiments, such as Figure 4 and Figure 8 As shown, after the initial evaluation of the artificial reflector in step 701, a systematic ultrasonic scan of the first simulated defect, which more closely resembles the actual crack morphology, is performed using "multiple preset frequency transverse wave probes or longitudinal wave oblique probes" and "multiple preset beam angles". The characteristics of the ultrasonic echo signals generated by each probe and beam angle combination for simulated defects of different sizes and depths are recorded, constituting the "first defect echo response value". These response values ​​directly reflect the detection capability of different detection configurations for actual simulated defects. The "first detection sensitivity response value" obtained in step 701 (from the standard reflector) and the "first defect echo response value" obtained in this step (from the simulated defect) will be integrated to form a more comprehensive dataset, namely the "first scan data".

[0105] In step 703 of some embodiments, the "first scan data" collected in the previous two steps (steps 701 and 702) is analyzed to screen and determine one or more preliminarily effective ultrasonic testing schemes. Based on the response values ​​of all "first artificial reflectors" and all "first simulated defects" contained in the first scan data under different probe and beam angle combinations, a combination of one or more "probe types" (e.g., whether a shear wave probe or a longitudinal wave angle probe performs better, or a specific probe model), "probe frequencies" (e.g., which frequency achieves the best balance between penetrating the weld overlay and maintaining defect resolution), "beam angles" (which incident angle is most sensitive and accurate for detecting the target simulated defect), and corresponding "sensitivity settings" (e.g., the gain of the ultrasonic instrument, signal processing parameters, display thresholds, etc., to ensure stable defect detection under acceptable signal-to-noise ratio conditions) is identified. This combination must be able to "effectively detect every first simulated defect," meaning that for each pre-set simulated defect on the planar test specimen, especially those that are small or deeply buried, it must be able to obtain a clear, identifiable ultrasonic echo signal that meets the predetermined evaluation criteria. The optimal or preferred combination of probes and parameters, determined through this systematic comparison, evaluation, and screening process and validated on the planar test specimen, is defined as the "first ultrasonic testing configuration."

[0106] In step 103 of some embodiments, the core of this step lies in applying the preliminary optimized configuration obtained on the planar test piece to the nozzle test piece, which more closely resembles the actual workpiece, and making further adaptive adjustments to its complex geometry. Using the "first ultrasonic testing configuration" determined in step 102 to perform ultrasonic scanning on the second artificial reflector and the second simulated defect on the nozzle test piece generates "second scan data." Because the inner wall of the nozzle typically has complex curvature variations, this leads to significant differences in the coupling between the probe and the workpiece surface, the incident angle of the sound beam, the sound path, and the reflection and refraction behavior of the sound beam at the interface compared to the planar case. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the second scan data to observe the actual detection effect of the first ultrasonic testing configuration on the nozzle test piece. Necessary adjustments and optimizations may be needed regarding the probe scanning path, the incident point of the sound beam, and sensitivity compensation. Through this series of targeted optimizations, it is ensured that the ultrasonic beam can accurately propagate to the base material region under the weld overlay and obtain stable and clear signal responses to simulated defects in different locations and directions. Ultimately, the optimized probe, parameters, scanning scheme, and sensitivity settings obtained after verification and improvement on the test specimen are known as the "target ultrasonic testing configuration," which will be directly used for subsequent testing of actual target connectors.

[0107] Please see Figure 9In some embodiments, step 103 may include, but is not limited to, steps 901 to 903.

[0108] Step 901: According to the first ultrasonic testing configuration, perform ultrasonic scanning on multiple second artificial reflectors to obtain the second detection sensitivity response value under the curved surface geometry conditions of the pipe test piece.

[0109] Step 902: According to the first ultrasonic testing configuration, perform ultrasonic scanning on multiple second simulated defects to obtain the second defect echo response value of each second simulated defect under the curved surface geometry of the pipe test piece.

[0110] Step 903: Based on the second scan data, update the first ultrasonic testing configuration to obtain a target ultrasonic testing configuration that meets the requirements for testing the inner wall curved surface of the target pipe.

[0111] In step 901 of some embodiments, the "first ultrasonic testing configuration" previously determined on the planar test specimen is directly applied to the "second artificial reflector" on the "receptacle test specimen." As illustrated on the left side of the figure, a probe (e.g., one conforming to the first ultrasonic testing configuration) is used. Figure 10 Using the blue angled probe (or white straight probe) and instrument setup on the left, a systematic "ultrasonic scan" is performed on these second artificial reflectors located on the curved inner wall surface of the nozzle test piece. Due to the curvature of the inner wall of the nozzle test piece, the propagation characteristics of the sound beam on the curved surface may differ from those on a flat surface. By recording the ultrasonic response signals to the second artificial reflectors under this "curved surface geometry," a "second detection sensitivity response value" is obtained. These response values ​​reflect the actual detection capability and signal quality of the first ultrasonic detection configuration against a standard reflective source under real curved surface conditions. The purpose of this step is to evaluate the adaptability of the first configuration on the curved surface and to provide benchmark data for possible subsequent adjustments, ensuring that the basic sensitivity of the detection system on the curved surface is effectively calibrated.

[0112] In step 902 of some embodiments, after evaluating the response of the first ultrasonic testing configuration to a standard artificial reflector on the curved surface, this step further applies the configuration to a "second simulated defect" on the pipe fitting test piece. Figure 10The right side more intuitively shows a section of such a nozzle test piece and a schematic rectangular groove defect on its inner wall. Using the same "first ultrasonic testing configuration," these second simulated defects simulating actual cracks are "ultrasonic scanned." For each "second simulated defect," the characteristics of the ultrasonic echo signal obtained under the "curved geometry of the nozzle test piece" are recorded, constituting the "second defect echo response value." These values ​​directly reflect the actual detection capability and signal characterization of the first ultrasonic testing configuration on the curved geometry simulating actual working conditions for simulated defects of different sizes and locations. Finally, the "second detection sensitivity response value" obtained in step 901 (from a standard reflector on the curved surface) and the "second defect echo response value" obtained in this step (from a simulated defect on the curved surface) are integrated to form the "second scan data." This data comprehensively reflects the overall detection performance of the first ultrasonic testing configuration on the nozzle test piece with true curvature.

[0113] In step 903 of some embodiments, the "second scan data" collected on the nozzle test piece is analyzed and decisions are made. The core objective is to make necessary adjustments, verifications, or optimizations to the "first ultrasonic testing configuration" so that it can better "adapt to the inspection requirements of the inner wall curved surface of the target nozzle." If it is found that the first ultrasonic testing configuration is not effective in detecting certain artificial reflectors or simulated defects on the curved surface (e.g., signal amplitude is too low, signal-to-noise ratio is poor, positioning is inaccurate, or the response to defect height is not ideal, or the beam path deviates from the expected value due to the curved surface), it is necessary to fine-tune the probe frequency, finely adjust the beam angle, select or design a curved wedge more suitable for the curvature of the target nozzle to improve the beam incidence and coupling quality, adjust the instrument sensitivity settings, or optimize the scanning strategy, etc. Through these adjustments and verifications, the aim is to improve the propagation quality of the beam under the curved weld overlay, increase the detection rate of defects, and improve the accuracy of signal characterization. After repeated testing and optimization, the final probe and parameter combination that can obtain satisfactory and stable detection results for all second artificial reflectors and second simulated defects on the nozzle test piece was defined as the "target ultrasonic testing configuration". This configuration has been fully verified and optimized for the specific geometry (such as the complex internal cavity of a DVI nozzle) and material properties of the target nozzle, and has higher detection reliability and quantitative accuracy, and can be directly applied to the detection of actual target nozzles.

[0114] In step 104 of some embodiments, the “second scan data” includes detection response information on a known “second set of simulated defects” using a near-optimal configuration (or target ultrasonic testing configuration) on the nozzle test piece. “Defect attribute information” refers to the precise type, geometry (especially height, length, and burial depth) of these simulated defects, and their specific location on the test piece. By correlating the detected signal characteristics with known defect attributes, a set of “defect identification rules” can be constructed specifically for base material defects beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of such target nozzles. These rules typically include two levels: first, “qualitative defect identification rules”, used to determine whether the detected ultrasonic signal indicates a genuine base material defect. For example, these rules may specify that the signal amplitude must reach a certain threshold, the signal's dynamic characteristics, and acoustic features to exclude interference signals from within the weld overlay, geometric structures, or pseudo-defects. Second, there are "quantitative defect assessment rules," used to accurately measure the size of confirmed defect indications. For example, based on the time difference of diffracted waves from the upper and lower surfaces, combined with sound velocity calibration, a conversion relationship between acoustic time difference and defect height can be established. Alternatively, for specific types of defects and detection technologies, calibration curves or mathematical models can be established between defect echo amplitude or signal characteristic parameters and defect size. The establishment of these defect identification rules enables standardized and quantitative evaluation of subsequent detection results of actual target takeovers.

[0115] Please see Figure 11 In some embodiments, step 104 may include, but is not limited to, steps 1101 to 1102.

[0116] Step 1101: Based on the second scan data and the defect attribute information of each second simulated defect, construct a qualitative identification rule for determining whether a defect exists.

[0117] Step 1102: Based on the second scan data and the defect attribute information of each second simulated defect, construct a quantitative evaluation rule for quantitatively evaluating the defect size.

[0118] In step 1101 of some embodiments, this step focuses on establishing a set of standards for accurately determining whether there are real defects in the base material under the weld overlay from complex ultrasonic signals. This involves comprehensively analyzing "second scan data" (i.e., response data to the second artificial reflector and the second simulated defect obtained on the nozzle test piece through a target ultrasonic testing configuration) and known "defect attribute information for each second simulated defect" (including the type, preset size, burial depth, geometry, and precise location on the test piece for each simulated defect). By correlating the characteristics of the ultrasonic echo signal with the presence and characteristics of known defects, key acoustic features indicating the presence of defects can be identified. For example, comparing the signal differences between defective and non-defective areas, analyzing the amplitude, phase, waveform, signal-to-noise ratio, and dynamic changes of the defect echo during the scan. Through this analysis, a set of logical judgment criteria, namely "defect qualitative identification rules," is gradually formed. These rules help distinguish between real defect signals and pseudo-defect signals caused by material structure, geometric interfaces, or noise in subsequent inspections of actual target nozzles, thereby improving the accuracy of defect detection.

[0119] Please see Figure 12 In some embodiments, step 1101 may include, but is not limited to, steps 1201 to 1203.

[0120] Step 1201: Determine the defect reference sensitivity based on the multiple echo signals generated by multiple second-group artificial reflectors in the second scan data.

[0121] Step 1202: Based on the echo characteristics generated by each second simulated defect in the second scan data and the defect attribute information corresponding to the second simulated defect, determine the echo amplitude threshold condition, acoustic feature matching condition, and minimum defect depth condition for identifying defects in the base material under the weld overlay.

[0122] Step 1203: Based on the benchmark sensitivity, echo amplitude threshold condition, acoustic feature matching condition, and minimum defect depth condition, construct the defect qualitative identification rules.

[0123] In step 1201 of some embodiments, the echo signals from the "second scan data" from the "multiple second group of artificial reflectors" are first analyzed. These artificial reflectors have known dimensions and reflection characteristics, and their echo signal strength can be used to calibrate the overall sensitivity of the detection system. For example, the echo amplitude of an artificial reflector of a specific size (such as a 3mm diameter flat-bottomed hole) can be selected as the 100% reference level, or a distance-amplitude (DAC) curve can be plotted based on the responses of multiple artificial reflectors of different sizes. In this way, a "defect reference sensitivity" is determined, which takes into account material attenuation, weld overlay effects, and surface effects, providing a unified and quantifiable comparison standard for subsequent identification of true defect signals.

[0124] In step 1202 of some embodiments, firstly, for each "second simulated defect", the "echo characteristics" (such as signal amplitude, waveform, response value relative to the reference sensitivity, etc.) generated in the "second scan data" are analyzed, and combined with the "defect attribute information corresponding to the second simulated defect" (such as preset height, burial depth, etc.). Through this analysis, it can be determined that: (1) "echo amplitude threshold condition": that is, the amplitude of the defect signal must reach or exceed a certain value relative to the reference sensitivity to be considered a valid signal, so as to filter out noise and insignificant indications. (2) "acoustic feature matching condition": that is, the waveform, phase, spectral characteristics or dynamic behavior of the defect signal during the scanning process need to conform to the known acoustic response mode of the base material defects under the weld overlay. (3) "minimum defect depth condition": that is, based on the detection of simulated defects at different depths, a minimum detectable defect depth or height is set. Only when the defect depth (or height) indicated by the signal is greater than this preset minimum condition is it considered to have engineering significance and needs to be reported.

[0125] In step 1203 of some embodiments, the criteria and conditions determined in the first two steps are integrated into a complete and operable set of "defect qualitative identification rules". This rule can be expressed as a series of logical judgments: when an ultrasonic echo signal is detected in the scan data of the target connector, its amplitude is first compared with the "reference sensitivity" and the "echo amplitude threshold condition"; if the amplitude meets the requirements, its "acoustic characteristics" are further checked to see if they "match" the established defect acoustic pattern; simultaneously, it is also necessary to evaluate whether the indicated defect depth or height meets the "minimum defect depth condition". Only when a signal simultaneously meets all these preset conditions will it be determined as a real defect originating from the base material under the weld overlay. This set of rules ensures the objectivity and consistency of defect determination, reduces interference from human factors, and improves the reliability of the detection results.

[0126] In step 1102 of some embodiments, after the presence of defects has been determined in step 1101, this step further focuses on how to accurately assess the size of these defects, particularly their height (i.e., the size along the wall thickness direction). Similarly, based on the "second scan data" and "defect attribute information for each second simulated defect," the actual size of the defect is inferred from the ultrasonic signal by analyzing the relationship between the ultrasonic signal characteristics and the known size of the simulated defect. For example, for crack-like defects, the height can be calculated using the time difference between the diffraction signals generated at the top and bottom of the defect. Through systematic testing and data analysis of second simulated defects of different sizes, a set of "quantitative evaluation rules" is ultimately formed. These rules enable a reliable quantitative assessment of the size of the defect once it is identified during subsequent inspection of the target connector.

[0127] Please see Figure 13 In some embodiments, step 1102 may include, but is not limited to, steps 1301 to 1304.

[0128] Step 1301: For each second simulated defect, the upper endpoint position of the second simulated defect is determined based on the thickness of the weld overlay corresponding to the second simulated defect in the second scan data.

[0129] Step 1302: Using a dual-crystal longitudinal wave angle probe, identify the maximum echo signal associated with the second simulated defect in the second scan data on the surface of the weld overlay of the test piece to determine the lower end point location of the simulated defect.

[0130] Step 1303: Determine the defect height of the second simulated defect based on the upper and lower endpoint positions to obtain a quantitative evaluation rule.

[0131] In step 1301 of some embodiments, it is necessary to accurately determine the starting position of the simulated defect in the depth direction, i.e., the "upper endpoint position" of the defect. In actual inspection, especially when a weld overlay is present, it may be difficult to accurately locate the upper surface of the defect directly from the ultrasonic signal. Therefore, a feasible method is to utilize known "weld overlay thickness" information. When manufacturing the nozzle test piece, the nominal thickness or actual measured thickness of the weld overlay is known. Therefore, for each known "second simulated defect," its "upper endpoint position" in the base material below the weld overlay can be determined by subtracting the weld overlay thickness at that position from the outer surface of the workpiece, or by directly using the weld overlay / base material interface as a reference for the start of the defect's upper endpoint.

[0132] In step 1302 of some embodiments, specific ultrasonic techniques are used to accurately detect and locate the "lower endpoint position" of the defect. A common method is to use a "dual-crystal longitudinal wave angle probe," which is used to scan the "surface of the weld overlay of the connector test piece," particularly targeting areas with known "second simulated defects." By analyzing the "second scan data," the maximum echo signal associated with the second simulated defect or other endpoint diffraction signals that can clearly indicate the lower endpoint of the defect are identified. Through sound path calculation, the location of this signal can be converted into the coordinates of the lower endpoint of the defect in the depth direction.

[0133] In step 1303 of some embodiments, after determining the "upper endpoint position" in step 1301 and the "lower endpoint position" in step 1302, the "defect height of the second simulated defect" can be calculated by the difference between these two depth positions. This process is repeated for all second simulated defects with different preset heights on the connector test piece, and the calculated defect height is compared with the known true height of these simulated defects. Through this comparative analysis, a correspondence or calibration curve between ultrasonic signal characteristics (or the upper and lower endpoint positions derived from the signal characteristics) and the actual defect height can be established.

[0134] In step 105 of some embodiments, the "target ultrasonic testing configuration" is the optimal testing scheme finalized in step 103, applicable to a specific target nozzle. Using this configuration, a comprehensive ultrasonic scan of the base material area beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of the actual "target nozzle" is performed, acquiring raw testing information from the real workpiece, i.e., "target scan data." Subsequently, these target scan data are meticulously analyzed, strictly following the "defect identification rules" established in step 104. First, the qualitative part of the rules is applied to filter out indicators that match defect characteristics from a large number of ultrasonic signals. Then, for these indicators initially identified as potential defects, the quantitative part of the rules is applied to calculate their specific geometric dimensions, such as the height and length of the defect. Finally, information on all identified and quantified real defects, including their type, location, and size, is summarized and organized to form "target defect data."

[0135] Please see Figure 14 In some embodiments, step 105 may include, but is not limited to, steps 1401 to 1402.

[0136] Step 1401: Based on the ultrasonic probe, probe frequency, beam angle and sensitivity settings determined in the target ultrasonic testing configuration, perform ultrasonic scanning on the surface of the weld overlay layer on the inner wall of the target connector to obtain the ultrasonic echo signal reflected from inside the target connector, forming initial scanning data.

[0137] Step 1402: Filter and judge the initial scanning data according to the defect identification rules to obtain the target defect detection data.

[0138] In step 1401 of some embodiments, the "ultrasonic probe," "probe frequency," "beam angle," and corresponding "sensitivity settings" of the "target ultrasonic testing configuration" are strictly specified in step 103, and an "ultrasonic scan" is performed on the "surface of the weld overlay layer on the inner wall of the target connector." The scan can be performed manually or by an automated scanning robot to ensure comprehensive coverage of the area to be inspected. During the scan, the probe emits ultrasonic pulses into the material interior of the target connector. When the ultrasonic waves encounter interfaces within the material (such as the weld overlay / base material interface), discontinuities (such as potential defects), or other reflection sources, "ultrasonic echo signals" are generated. These echo signals are received by the probe and recorded by the ultrasonic testing instrument. All raw ultrasonic echo signal data collected during the scan are aggregated to form "initial scan data."

[0139] In step 1402 of some embodiments, the "initial scan data" obtained in the previous step is analyzed and interpreted to identify signals that truly belong to defects and extract relevant information. The core basis of the analysis is the "defect identification rules" (including qualitative identification rules and quantitative evaluation rules) constructed in step 104. These rules are applied one by one to process each ultrasonic indication in the "initial scan data". First, the qualitative identification rules are applied to determine whether the signal meets the conditions such as reference sensitivity, echo amplitude threshold, acoustic feature matching, and minimum defect depth, thereby screening out suspected defect signals and excluding false defect signals caused by geometric structure, benign discontinuities, or noise. For signals that are qualitatively determined to be real defects, the quantitative evaluation rules are then applied to calculate or evaluate the size (especially height and length), location, and orientation of the defect based on its signal characteristics (such as the time difference of the endpoint diffraction signal, signal amplitude, etc.). After this series of rigorous screening and judgment processes, the portion of data that is finally extracted from the huge initial scan data, confirmed as real defects, and whose relevant parameters (such as location, size, type, etc.) have been preliminarily determined, constitutes the "target defect detection data". This data is the final result of the inspection. It identifies the deficiencies in the target takeover and provides a direct basis for subsequent assessment and decision-making.

[0140] In some embodiments, step 1402 may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0141] Each ultrasonic echo data in the initial scan data is compared with the defect qualitative identification rules in the defect identification rules. If a certain ultrasonic echo data meets the echo amplitude threshold condition, acoustic feature matching condition and minimum defect depth condition in the defect qualitative identification rules, or if the ultrasonic echo data is greater than or equal to the reference sensitivity and meets the minimum defect depth condition, then the ultrasonic echo data is determined to correspond to a base material defect under the weld overlay.

[0142] All ultrasonic echo data identified as corresponding to defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay are compiled to form target defect detection data.

[0143] This comparison process involves multiple conditions: the system checks whether the ultrasonic echo data simultaneously meets the three key conditions preset in the qualitative rules, namely (1) whether its signal amplitude reaches the "echo amplitude threshold condition"; (2) whether its acoustic characteristics conform to the typical defect signal pattern defined by the "acoustic characteristic matching condition"; and (3) whether the indicated defect depth or size meets the "minimum defect depth condition". Only when an ultrasonic echo data passes the test of these three conditions simultaneously will it be "judged" as "corresponding to a base material defect under a weld overlay". After completing this comparison and judgment of all initial scan data, all ultrasonic echo data that are successfully judged as real defects will be screened out and "summarized". This summarized dataset constitutes the final "target defect detection data", which clearly indicates all identified base material defects under the weld overlay in the target pipe that meet the preset judgment criteria. This method emphasizes improving the accuracy of defect identification through comprehensive judgment of features from multiple dimensions.

[0144] In some embodiments, the method provided in this application may further include, but is not limited to:

[0145] Based on the defect identification rules, the echo signals related to the second simulated defect in the second scan data are analyzed to determine the minimum simulated defect size and the corresponding defect type.

[0146] The minimum simulated defect size and its corresponding defect type are determined as the minimum defect detection capability value for the base material defect detection method under the weld overlay on the inner wall of the nozzle.

[0147] In some embodiments, to quantitatively evaluate the performance of this detection method, a systematic analysis can be performed on the echo signals associated with various types of second simulated defects in the second scan data obtained on the nozzle test specimen, based on previously established defect identification rules. This analysis determines the minimum simulated defect size and its corresponding defect type that can be reliably and stably identified as defects by the defect identification rules. This minimum simulated defect size and its defect type are then determined as the minimum defect detection capability value of the method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of the nozzle, thus providing a clear and quantifiable performance indicator for the sensitivity and effectiveness of this method.

[0148] Please see Figure 15 This application also provides a device for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of a pipe, which can realize the above-mentioned method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of a pipe, including:

[0149] The acquisition module is used to acquire a planar test piece and a test piece corresponding to the target nozzle, and to set multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer of the planar test piece, and to set multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer of the test piece.

[0150] The first scanning module is used to perform ultrasonic scanning on multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects based on a preset combination of multiple ultrasonic probes and multiple ultrasonic detection parameters, to obtain first scanning data, and to determine the first ultrasonic detection configuration based on the first scanning data.

[0151] The second scanning module is used to perform ultrasonic scanning on multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects based on the first ultrasonic testing configuration, obtain second scanning data, and determine the target ultrasonic testing configuration based on the second scanning data.

[0152] The construction module is used to construct the defect identification rules for the target takeover based on the second scan data and the defect attribute information of the second set of simulated defects;

[0153] The third scanning module is used to perform ultrasonic scanning on the target connector based on the target ultrasonic testing configuration, obtain target scanning data, and identify target defect data in the target scanning data according to the defect identification rules.

[0154] The method for detecting defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer of the inner wall of a nozzle according to an embodiment of this application includes: acquiring a planar test piece corresponding to a target nozzle and a nozzle test piece; setting multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer of the planar test piece; setting multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer of the nozzle test piece; performing ultrasonic scanning on the multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects based on a preset combination of multiple ultrasonic probes and multiple ultrasonic detection parameters to obtain first scanning data, and determining a first ultrasonic detection configuration based on the first scanning data; performing ultrasonic scanning on the multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects based on the first ultrasonic detection configuration to obtain second scanning data, and determining a target ultrasonic detection configuration based on the second scanning data; constructing defect identification rules for the target nozzle based on the second scanning data and defect attribute information of the second set of simulated defects; performing ultrasonic scanning on the target nozzle based on the target ultrasonic detection configuration to obtain target scanning data, and identifying target defect data in the target scanning data according to the defect identification rules.

[0155] This application first obtains a planar test piece and a test piece corresponding to the target nozzle. Multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects are set in the base material beneath the weld overlay of the planar test piece, and multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects are set in the base material beneath the weld overlay of the test piece. This systematically simulates the effects of the weld overlay on sound beam attenuation, scattering, and deflection during actual testing, as well as the influence of the complex curved surface structure of the inner wall of the small-diameter nozzle on probe coupling and sound beam propagation path. This provides an experimental basis for subsequent targeted optimization of ultrasonic testing configuration and establishment of accurate defect identification rules. Then, based on multiple preset ultrasonic probes and multiple combinations of ultrasonic testing parameters, ultrasonic scanning is performed on the multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects to obtain first scanning data. Based on the first scanning data, a first ultrasonic testing configuration is determined. Under relatively simple planar conditions, this approach first focuses on overcoming the adverse effects of the austenitic stainless steel weld overlay on ultrasonic testing. By comparing the detection effects of different probe and parameter combinations, a preliminary ultrasonic testing configuration with good detection capability for defects in the underlying base material is selected. Next, based on the first ultrasonic testing configuration, multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects are ultrasonically scanned to obtain second scan data. The target ultrasonic testing configuration is then determined based on this data. The preliminarily optimized testing configuration can be applied to test specimens simulating the complex geometry of the inner wall of a real small-diameter nozzle, thus obtaining the optimal ultrasonic testing configuration truly suitable for the actual testing needs of the target nozzle. Subsequently, based on the second scan data and the defect attribute information of the second set of simulated defects, defect identification rules for the target nozzle are constructed. This allows for the establishment of a set of quantifiable qualitative defect identification rules using precise detection data of simulated defects of known types, sizes, and locations on representative nozzle test specimens. This addresses the lack of specific evaluation criteria for defects under such particular structures and material combinations in existing general standards and specifications, providing a reliable basis for accurately determining the nature and size of defects. Finally, by performing ultrasonic scanning on the target nozzle based on the target ultrasonic testing configuration, target scanning data is obtained. Target defect data is then identified from the target scanning data according to defect identification rules. The aforementioned systematically optimized testing configuration and identification rules can be applied to the defect detection of actual target nozzles, thereby accurately identifying the real defects existing in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of the target nozzle. Compared with existing technologies that mainly rely on general standards and specifications for testing and lack comprehensive consideration of the influence of weld overlays and complex curved surface structures on the inner wall of small-diameter nozzles, the method provided in this application first overcomes the influence of the weld overlay, then adapts to complex structures, and constructs quantifiable defect identification rules based on the test results of known simulated defects. This not only effectively overcomes the interference of weld overlay materials and complex geometries on ultrasonic testing, ensuring the stability and reliability of the testing, but more importantly, it enables high-precision qualitative and quantitative analysis of defects.This enables the method to accurately identify and assess defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of small-diameter vessel nozzles, improving the accuracy and reliability of such defect detection.

[0156] Reference Figure 16 , Figure 16 The hardware structure of an electronic device according to another embodiment is illustrated. The electronic device includes:

[0157] The processor 1601 can be implemented using a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0158] The memory 1602 can be implemented as a read-only memory (ROM), static storage device, dynamic storage device, or random access memory (RAM). The memory 1602 can store the operating system and other application programs. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented through software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 1602 and called and executed by the processor 1601 to execute the method for detecting defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer on the inner wall of the nozzle according to the embodiments of this application.

[0159] The input / output interface 1603 is used to implement information input and output;

[0160] The communication interface 1604 is used to enable communication and interaction between this device and other devices. Communication can be achieved through wired means (such as USB, Ethernet cable, etc.) or wireless means (such as mobile network, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.).

[0161] Bus 1605 transmits information between various components of the device (e.g., processor 1601, memory 1602, input / output interface 1603, and communication interface 1604);

[0162] The processor 1601, memory 1602, input / output interface 1603 and communication interface 1604 are connected to each other within the device via bus 1605.

[0163] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program. A processor of a computer device reads and executes the computer program, causing the computer device to perform the above-described method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of the nozzle.

[0164] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. (if present) in this disclosure and the foregoing drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a particular order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this disclosure described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “including,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0165] It should be understood that in this disclosure, "at least one item" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0166] It should be understood that in the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than", "less than", "exceeding" etc. are understood to exclude the number itself, and "above", "below", "within" etc. are understood to include the number itself.

[0167] In the several embodiments provided in this disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0168] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0169] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this disclosure can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0170] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this disclosure, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this disclosure. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0171] It should also be understood that the various implementation methods provided in this application can be combined arbitrarily to achieve different technical effects.

[0172] The above is a detailed description of the embodiments of this disclosure. However, this disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of this disclosure. All such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included within the scope defined by the claims of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of a pipe, characterized in that, include: Obtain a planar test piece and a nozzle test piece corresponding to the target nozzle, and set multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer of the planar test piece, and set multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer of the nozzle test piece; Based on a variety of preset ultrasonic probes and multiple combinations of ultrasonic detection parameters, multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects are ultrasonically scanned to obtain first scan data, and a first ultrasonic detection configuration is determined based on the first scan data. Based on the first ultrasonic testing configuration, multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects are ultrasonically scanned to obtain second scanning data, and the target ultrasonic testing configuration is determined based on the second scanning data. Based on the second scan data and the defect attribute information of the second set of simulated defects, a defect identification rule for the target takeover is constructed; Based on the target ultrasonic testing configuration, the target connector is ultrasonically scanned to obtain target scan data, and target defect data is identified in the target scan data according to the defect identification rules.

2. The method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of the nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of setting multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects in the base material under the weld overlay of the planar test specimen, and setting multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects in the base material under the weld overlay of the nozzle test specimen, includes: In the base material beneath the weld overlay of the planar test specimen, a plurality of first artificial reflectors are provided; wherein, the types of the first artificial reflectors include long transverse holes, sidewall flat-bottom holes, and flat-bottom holes; Multiple rectangular grooves of different preset sizes are arranged at intervals along the welding direction of the planar test piece to form multiple first simulated defects; In the base material beneath the weld overlay of the test specimen, a plurality of second artificial reflectors are provided; wherein, the second artificial reflector includes a long horizontal hole and a flat-bottomed hole; Multiple rectangular grooves of different preset sizes are set at different axial positions along the welding direction on the test piece of the nozzle to form multiple second simulated defects.

3. The method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of the nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The various ultrasonic probes include multiple preset frequency transverse wave probes and longitudinal wave angle probes. The ultrasonic detection parameter combinations include multiple preset beam angles. Based on the preset multiple ultrasonic probes and multiple ultrasonic detection parameter combinations, ultrasonic scanning is performed on multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects to obtain first scanning data. A first ultrasonic detection configuration is determined based on the first scanning data, including: By using multiple preset frequency transverse wave probes or longitudinal wave oblique probes, and multiple preset sound beam angles, multiple first artificial reflectors are ultrasonically scanned to obtain first detection sensitivity response values ​​under different combinations of probes and sound beam angles. Using multiple preset frequency transverse wave probes or longitudinal wave oblique probes, and multiple preset sound beam angles, multiple first simulated defects are ultrasonically scanned to obtain first defect echo response values ​​under different probe and sound beam angle combinations; wherein, the first detection sensitivity response value and the first defect echo response value together constitute the first scan data. Based on the first scan data, at least one probe type, probe frequency, beam angle, and sensitivity setting that can effectively detect each of the first simulated defects are determined as the first ultrasonic testing configuration.

4. The method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of the nozzle according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of performing ultrasonic scanning on multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects based on the first ultrasonic testing configuration to obtain second scanning data, and determining the target ultrasonic testing configuration based on the second scanning data, includes: According to the first ultrasonic testing configuration, multiple second artificial reflectors are ultrasonically scanned to obtain a second detection sensitivity response value under the curved surface geometry of the pipe test piece. According to the first ultrasonic testing configuration, multiple second simulated defects are ultrasonically scanned to obtain a second defect echo response value for each second simulated defect under the curved surface geometry of the connector test piece; wherein, the second detection sensitivity response value and the second defect echo response value together constitute the second scan data; Based on the second scan data, the first ultrasonic testing configuration is updated to obtain the target ultrasonic testing configuration that adapts to the inner wall curved surface testing requirements of the target pipe.

5. The method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of the nozzle according to claim 4, characterized in that, The defect identification rules for the target takeover are constructed based on the second scan data and the defect attribute information of the second set of simulated defects, including: Based on the second scanning data and the defect attribute information of each of the second simulated defects, a qualitative identification rule for determining whether a defect exists is constructed. Based on the second scanning data and the defect attribute information of each of the second simulated defects, a quantitative assessment rule for quantitatively evaluating the defect size is constructed; wherein, the qualitative identification rule and the quantitative assessment rule together constitute the defect identification rule.

6. The method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of the nozzle according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of constructing a qualitative defect identification rule for determining the existence of a defect based on the second scanning data and the defect attribute information of each of the second simulated defects specifically includes: Based on the multiple echo signals generated by the multiple artificial reflectors of the second group in the second scan data, the defect reference sensitivity is determined; Based on the echo characteristics generated by each of the second simulated defects in the second scan data and the defect attribute information corresponding to the second simulated defects, the echo amplitude threshold condition, acoustic feature matching condition and minimum defect depth condition for identifying defects in the base material under the weld overlay are determined. The defect qualitative identification rule is constructed based on the benchmark sensitivity, the echo amplitude threshold condition, the acoustic feature matching condition, and the minimum defect depth condition.

7. The method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of the nozzle according to claim 6, characterized in that, The quantitative assessment rules for quantifying defect size are constructed based on the second scanning data and the defect attribute information of the second set of simulated defects, including: For each of the second simulated defects, the thickness of the weld overlay corresponding to the second simulated defect in the second scan data is taken as the upper endpoint position of the second simulated defect; Using a dual-crystal longitudinal wave angle probe, the maximum echo signal associated with the second simulated defect is identified in the second scan data on the surface of the weld overlay of the test tube to determine the lower end point location of the simulated defect; Based on the upper and lower endpoint positions, the defect height of the second simulated defect is determined, and the quantitative evaluation rule is obtained.

8. The method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of the nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of performing ultrasonic scanning on the target connector based on the target ultrasonic testing configuration to obtain target scanning data, and identifying target defect data from the target scanning data according to the defect identification rules, includes: Based on the ultrasonic probe, probe frequency, beam angle and sensitivity settings determined in the target ultrasonic testing configuration, ultrasonic scanning is performed on the surface of the weld overlay layer on the inner wall of the target connector to obtain the ultrasonic echo signal reflected from inside the target connector, forming initial scanning data; The initial scan data is filtered and judged according to the defect identification rules to obtain the target defect detection data.

9. The method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of the nozzle according to claim 8, characterized in that, The step of filtering and determining the initial scan data according to the defect identification rules to obtain the target defect detection data includes: Each ultrasonic echo data in the initial scan data is compared with the defect qualitative identification rule in the defect identification rule. If a certain ultrasonic echo data satisfies the echo amplitude threshold condition, acoustic feature matching condition and minimum defect depth condition in the defect qualitative identification rule, or if the ultrasonic echo data is greater than or equal to the reference sensitivity and satisfies the minimum defect depth condition, then the ultrasonic echo data is determined to correspond to a base material defect under the weld overlay. The ultrasonic echo data that are determined to correspond to defects in the base material under the weld overlay are summarized to form the target defect detection data.

10. The method for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of the nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the defect identification rules, the echo signals related to the second simulated defect in the second scan data are analyzed to determine the minimum simulated defect size and the corresponding defect type. The minimum simulated defect size and the corresponding defect type are determined as the minimum defect detection capability value of the method for detecting defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer on the inner wall of the nozzle.

11. A device for detecting defects in the base material beneath the weld overlay on the inner wall of a connector, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire a planar test piece and a test piece corresponding to the target nozzle, and to set multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer of the planar test piece, and to set multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer of the test piece. The first scanning module is used to perform ultrasonic scanning on multiple first artificial reflectors and multiple first simulated defects based on a preset combination of multiple ultrasonic probes and multiple ultrasonic detection parameters, to obtain first scanning data, and to determine the first ultrasonic detection configuration based on the first scanning data. The second scanning module is used to perform ultrasonic scanning on multiple second artificial reflectors and multiple second simulated defects based on the first ultrasonic testing configuration, obtain second scanning data, and determine the target ultrasonic testing configuration based on the second scanning data. The construction module is used to construct the defect identification rules for the target takeover based on the second scan data and the defect attribute information of the second set of simulated defects; The third scanning module is used to perform ultrasonic scanning on the target connector based on the target ultrasonic testing configuration, obtain target scanning data, and identify target defect data in the target scanning data according to the defect identification rules.

12. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The device includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the method for detecting defects in the base material under the weld overlay layer on the inner wall of the nozzle as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

13. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a program that is executed by a processor to implement the method for detecting defects in the base material under the weld overlay on the inner wall of the nozzle as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

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