Photovoltaic array planning design method and device based on BIM (Building Information Modeling) and GIS (Geographic Information System)

Abstract

The invention discloses a BIM (Building Information Modeling) and GIS (Geographic Information System)-based photovoltaic array planning design method and device, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic planning, and the method comprises the steps: collecting and importing sensitive factors affecting the arrangement of photovoltaic modules, and defining and building a constraint condition model for the arrangement of the photovoltaic modules; determining a to-be-planned area needing photovoltaic module planning, and determining an arrangement-available area, a photovoltaic field area road and an arrangement-prohibited area in the to-be-planned area by using the constraint condition model; obtaining the model number of a photovoltaic module needing to be arranged, determining the maximum number of module strings corresponding to the model number of the photovoltaic module, and determining a preliminary arrangement mode of the photovoltaic module in the arrangement area according to the arrangement area and the maximum number of the module strings; and determining the spacing and orientation between the photovoltaic group strings, and adjusting the initial arrangement mode according to the spacing and orientation between the photovoltaic group strings to obtain a final arrangement mode. According to the invention, the problem of low photovoltaic array planning accuracy in the prior art is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic deployment technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic array planning and design method and device based on BIM and GIS. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation, as a clean and renewable energy source, boasts advantages such as abundant resources, wide distribution, and zero pollution, and has experienced rapid development in recent years. With the continuous expansion of the photovoltaic industry, higher demands are being placed on the scientific rigor, efficiency, and precision of photovoltaic array planning and design. Traditional planning and design methods, when faced with large-scale and diverse application scenarios, suffer from low efficiency, insufficient accuracy, and difficulty in comprehensively considering the influence of multiple factors, thus failing to meet the needs of high-quality development in the photovoltaic industry.

[0003] Existing methods for planning photovoltaic arrays using CAD or basic 3D software fail to consider the project's location, topography, and surrounding environment, such as nearby roads and puddles. This leads to low accuracy in photovoltaic planning. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic array planning and design method and device based on BIM and GIS, which aims to solve the problem of low accuracy in photovoltaic array planning in the prior art.

[0005] This invention proposes a photovoltaic array planning and design method based on BIM and GIS, the method comprising: Collect and import the sensitive factors affecting the arrangement of photovoltaic modules, and define and establish the constraint condition model for the arrangement of photovoltaic modules; Identify the areas to be planned for photovoltaic modules, and use the constraint model to determine the feasible areas, photovoltaic field roads, and prohibited areas within the planned areas; Obtain the photovoltaic module models that need to be deployed, and determine the maximum number of module strings corresponding to each photovoltaic module model. Based on the deployable area and the maximum number of module strings, determine the initial deployment method of the photovoltaic modules in the deployable area. Determine the spacing and orientation between photovoltaic strings, and adjust the preliminary layout according to the spacing and orientation to obtain the final layout.

[0006] Furthermore, in the aforementioned photovoltaic array planning and design method based on BIM and GIS, the step of determining the feasible areas, photovoltaic field roads, and prohibited areas within the planning area using a constraint model includes: Using GIS spatial analysis tools, the area to be planned is divided into a grid, and the prohibited area layer is defined by the constraint condition model. Overlay the prohibited area layer with the grid of the area to be planned, mark the corresponding grid as the prohibited area, and mark other grids that are not in the prohibited area as the area that can be placed. Based on Dijkstra's algorithm, roads in the photovoltaic field to be planned are designed to ensure that the shortest path of the road is adapted to the site conditions of the area to be planned.

[0007] Furthermore, in the aforementioned photovoltaic array planning and design method based on BIM and GIS, the step of defining the prohibited area layer through the constraint condition model includes: The spatial data contained in the constraint model is overlaid and analyzed to automatically identify overlapping areas and mark the corresponding raster grid as prohibited areas. Using computer vision technology, the GIS image of the area to be planned is segmented and identified to accurately identify the boundaries of prohibited areas; The boundary is converted into a vector line and fused with the GIS image data of the area to be planned. The precise boundary is then extracted to finally generate a prohibited area layer.

[0008] Furthermore, in the aforementioned photovoltaic array planning and design method based on BIM and GIS, the step of determining the preliminary arrangement of photovoltaic modules in the deployable area based on the deployable area and the maximum number of module strings includes: Calculate the suitability score for each grid, and group grids with similar suitability scores into the same string based on the maximum number of component strings; The formula for calculating the suitability score is as follows: S i = aA i + bB i + cC i in, S i for i The fitness score of each grid, A i , B i , C i These are the normalized values ​​of geographical factors, engineering factors, and economic factors, respectively. a , b , c The corresponding indicator ratio.

[0009] Furthermore, in the aforementioned photovoltaic array planning and design method based on BIM and GIS, the formula for calculating the maximum number of component strings is as follows:

[0010]

[0011] in, This represents the maximum number of photovoltaic module strings connected in series. This is the maximum allowable DC input voltage for the inverter. This is the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module. Extremely low temperatures under the operating conditions of photovoltaic modules The open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient of a photovoltaic module. This is the minimum MPPT voltage of the inverter. This refers to the operating voltage of the photovoltaic module. Extreme high temperatures under the operating conditions of photovoltaic modules The temperature coefficient of the operating voltage of a photovoltaic module. This represents the maximum MPPT voltage of the inverter.

[0012] Furthermore, in the aforementioned photovoltaic array planning and design method based on BIM and GIS, the formula for calculating the spacing between photovoltaic strings is as follows:

[0013] in, L The length of the tilted surface of the photovoltaic panel. β For the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel, The latitude is the local latitude.

[0014] Furthermore, the above-mentioned photovoltaic array planning and design method based on BIM and GIS, after the steps of determining the spacing and orientation between photovoltaic strings and adjusting the preliminary layout according to the spacing and orientation between photovoltaic strings to obtain the final layout, also includes: Based on the estimated power generation and transformer power of the project, determine the number and arrangement of photovoltaic module strings, and determine the arrangement of inverters and transformers.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic array planning and design device based on BIM and GIS, the device comprising: The collection module is used to collect and import sensitive factors affecting the arrangement of photovoltaic modules, and to define and establish constraint condition models for the arrangement of photovoltaic modules. The determination module is used to identify the areas to be planned for photovoltaic modules, and uses a constraint model to determine the feasible areas, photovoltaic field roads, and prohibited areas within the planned areas. The acquisition module is used to acquire the photovoltaic module models that need to be deployed, determine the maximum number of module strings corresponding to the photovoltaic module models, and determine the preliminary deployment method of the photovoltaic modules in the deployable area based on the deployable area and the maximum number of module strings. The arrangement module is used to determine the spacing and orientation between photovoltaic strings, and adjusts the preliminary arrangement according to the spacing and orientation of the photovoltaic strings to obtain the final arrangement.

[0016] Another object of the present invention is to provide a readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described above.

[0017] Another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the method described above.

[0018] This invention collects and imports sensitive factors affecting photovoltaic (PV) module layout, and defines and establishes a constraint model for PV module layout. It identifies the area to be planned for PV modules, and uses the constraint model to determine the deployable areas, PV field roads, and prohibited areas within that area. It obtains the required PV module models and determines the maximum number of module strings corresponding to each model. Based on the deployable areas and the maximum number of module strings, it determines the initial layout of the PV modules in the deployable areas. It then determines the spacing and orientation between the PV strings and adjusts the initial layout based on these factors to obtain the final layout. The invention deeply integrates the PV module model data with the GIS spatial data of the area to be planned, incorporating it into the PV planning considerations to improve the quality of PV planning. This solves the problem of low accuracy in PV array planning in existing technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the photovoltaic array planning and design method based on BIM and GIS in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a photovoltaic array planning and design device based on BIM and GIS in the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will further illustrate the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more complete description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings. However, the invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

[0022] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "fixed to" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may be an intervening component. When a component is said to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0024] Example 1 Please see Figure 1 The figure shows a photovoltaic array planning and design method based on BIM and GIS in the first embodiment of the present invention, the method including steps S10 to S13.

[0025] Step S10: Collect and import the sensitive factors affecting the arrangement of photovoltaic modules, and define and establish the constraint condition model for the arrangement of photovoltaic modules.

[0026] With the continuous development of information technology, the integration of BIM and GIS technologies has become an inevitable trend. The combination of the two can fully leverage their respective advantages, achieving comprehensive integration of photovoltaic array planning and design from macro to micro, and from spatial to attribute perspectives. This provides a more comprehensive, accurate, and efficient solution for the planning and design of photovoltaic power plants, which is of great significance. This invention embodiment is applied to a platform integrating BIM and GIS technologies.

[0027] In the specific implementation of this invention, during the initial planning stage of the photovoltaic array, sensitive factors affecting the arrangement of photovoltaic modules are first defined and imported into the planning platform for the photovoltaic array. Specifically, these sensitive factors include geographical, environmental, and engineering factors. Environmental and engineering factors can be imported as data, while geographical factors can be visualized on the platform through GIS spatial positioning. After obtaining these sensitive factors, a constraint model for the arrangement of photovoltaic modules can be established to constrain the photovoltaic array planning. For example, geographical constraints such as terrain slope and land use type can be established; environmental constraints such as ecological protection zones and water areas can be established; and engineering constraints such as building boundaries and road occupancy can be established.

[0028] In addition, spatial analysis algorithms (spatial indexing technology) can be used to organize and optimize the input data, ensuring efficient data querying and computation. Machine learning algorithms (principal component analysis) can be used to perform dimensionality reduction on historical meteorological data (solar radiation, temperature, wind speed, etc.) to extract key influencing factors. Weights are assigned to various sensitive factors based on project requirements, such as building boundaries, terrain undulations, and obstructed areas.

[0029] Step S11: Determine the area to be planned for photovoltaic modules, and use the constraint model to determine the deployable areas, photovoltaic field roads, and prohibited deployment areas within the planned area.

[0030] Among them, by collecting data through a geographic information system (GIS), the specific spatial range for photovoltaic module installation and layout planning can be accurately located, that is, the specific boundaries, geographic coordinates, and basic topographic information (such as slope, aspect, and land cover type) of the "planning area" can be clearly defined. Subsequently, a pre-defined constraint model is introduced and applied. This model typically integrates multiple key limiting factors, including but not limited to hard constraints such as ecological protection red lines, basic farmland protection areas, and building land boundaries, as well as technical constraints required for high-efficiency power generation of photovoltaic modules (such as terrain adaptability corresponding to the optimal tilt angle, and height restrictions of obstructions (trees, buildings, etc.). By overlaying the basic data of the area to be planned with the constraint model, performing spatial calculations and compliance verification, the area to be planned is ultimately scientifically divided into three functional sub-regions: the first is the "deployable area," which fully meets all constraints, has the capability to safely install photovoltaic modules, and can ensure their stable and efficient operation; this is the area for the subsequent specific arrangement of the photovoltaic array. The core design includes three main areas: first, the "photovoltaic field roads," which are dedicated access roads planned between or around the permitted areas based on the operation and maintenance needs of photovoltaic modules, equipment transportation standards, and fire safety regulations. These roads must meet requirements for vehicle width, load-bearing capacity, and safe distance from the module array to ensure convenient and safe operation and maintenance in the future; and second, "prohibited areas," which are areas explicitly excluded due to violations of ecological protection, land use policies, safety regulations, or failure to meet photovoltaic power generation technology requirements. No photovoltaic modules or related facilities may be installed in these areas to avoid ecological damage, safety risks, and low power generation efficiency, ultimately achieving a balance between compliance, safety, and economy in the spatial layout of photovoltaic projects.

[0031] Specifically, the platform contains GIS spatial data of the area to be planned. Using GIS spatial analysis tools, the area to be planned is divided into zones. Through geographical constraints, environmental constraints, and engineering constraints in the constraint model, prohibited areas (such as water bodies, sensitive protection zones, outside building boundaries, and traffic roads) are defined, while others are marked as areas that can be laid out.

[0032] For example, using GIS spatial analysis tools, the area to be planned is divided into a grid, and a prohibited area layer is defined through a constraint model. Overlay the prohibited area layer with the grid of the area to be planned, mark the corresponding grid as the prohibited area, and mark other grids that are not in the prohibited area as the area that can be placed. Based on Dijkstra's algorithm, the roads in the photovoltaic field to be planned are planned to ensure that the shortest path of the road is adapted to the site conditions of the area to be planned. In this process, GIS spatial analysis tools (such as ArcGIS, QGIS, etc.) are used to divide the entire area to be planned into regular raster grids according to a preset precision (such as 5 meters × 5 meters, 10 meters × 10 meters, etc., the precision needs to be determined in combination with the project scale and planning requirements). Each raster grid serves as an independent spatial analysis unit, which can carry and record its own topographic (slope, aspect), land cover type, land nature, lighting conditions and other attribute information, providing an accurate spatial carrier for subsequent zoning judgment. Next, the preset constraint model is activated, and the spatial range that meets the "prohibited layout" condition is extracted and an independent "prohibited area layer" is generated through the spatial query, overlay analysis and logical judgment functions of GIS. Subsequently, the generated prohibited area layer is overlaid with the previously divided grid of planned areas using GIS spatial overlay. The system will automatically identify and mark the grids that overlap with the prohibited area layer and classify them as "prohibited areas" (these grids will not be involved in the photovoltaic module layout). The remaining grids that do not overlap with the prohibited area layer and meet the basic conditions for photovoltaic module installation (such as slope and sunlight) are uniformly marked as "deployable areas". Finally, to address the site road planning requirements, the Dijkstra algorithm (a classic shortest path algorithm) was introduced. The algorithm was then spatially adapted to the actual site conditions of the area to be planned, optimizing the road layout, reducing the area occupied by photovoltaic modules, and simultaneously meeting the passage requirements of construction equipment. Specifically, key nodes for road planning (such as site entrances and exits, operation and maintenance management center, photovoltaic array partition center points, and external connecting road interfaces) were first identified. Then, the grid cells of the area to be planned were assigned "travel cost attributes" (e.g., low travel cost for grid cells in deployable areas, impassable grid cells in prohibited areas, and high travel cost for grid cells in areas with complex terrain). Miscellaneous areas (such as gentle slopes) are set as medium-cost areas. The shortest path between each key node is calculated and selected using the Dijkstra algorithm. At the same time, the path is verified to be suitable for site conditions (such as avoiding prohibited areas, ensuring that the path slope does not exceed the road construction standards, and meeting the requirements for the width of passage and turning radius of maintenance vehicles). Finally, a photovoltaic field road network that takes into account both "shortest path economy" and "site adaptability" is determined. This ensures that the roads can efficiently connect various functional areas, reduce construction and maintenance costs, and avoid excessive occupation of photovoltaic module installation space in the available areas, thus achieving a scientific and economical balance in the spatial layout of the entire photovoltaic project.

[0033] Step S12: Obtain the photovoltaic module model to be deployed, determine the maximum number of module strings corresponding to the photovoltaic module model, and determine the preliminary deployment method of the photovoltaic modules in the deployable area based on the deployable area and the maximum number of module strings.

[0034] By obtaining the specific model of the photovoltaic modules to be deployed from the model equipment library, since the electrical performance of different models of modules is different, and the maximum number of module strings must strictly match the electrical constraints such as the input voltage range and string current limit of the subsequent inverter, the key parameters such as the size, rated operating voltage, and rated operating current of the photovoltaic modules can be determined according to the model. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the "maximum number of module strings" based on the rated parameters of the module model - that is, the maximum number of modules that can be connected in series in a single photovoltaic string (a row of photovoltaic modules). Specifically, the formula for calculating the maximum number of component strings is:

[0035]

[0036] in, This represents the maximum number of photovoltaic module strings connected in series. This is the maximum allowable DC input voltage for the inverter. This is the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module. Extremely low temperatures under the operating conditions of photovoltaic modules The open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient of a photovoltaic module. This is the minimum MPPT voltage of the inverter. This refers to the operating voltage of the photovoltaic module. Extreme high temperatures under the operating conditions of photovoltaic modules The temperature coefficient of the operating voltage of a photovoltaic module. This represents the maximum MPPT voltage of the inverter.

[0037] After determining the maximum number of component strings, and combining the spatial range of the deployable area delineated through GIS analysis in the early stage, the component strings are initially arranged in rows and columns within the deployable area according to the principle of "the number of strings in each group does not exceed the maximum number". This forms the initial layout of photovoltaic modules. For example, based on the length of the deployable area, the position of each row of strings is first determined along a suitable slope, and then the number of modules in each row is determined according to the maximum number of strings. This ensures that the initial layout does not exceed the boundary of the deployable area and does not waste effective space.

[0038] Step S13: Determine the spacing and orientation between photovoltaic strings, and adjust the preliminary arrangement according to the spacing and orientation of the photovoltaic strings to obtain the final arrangement.

[0039] After completing the initial layout, the spacing and orientation of the photovoltaic strings are designed and the final layout is completed. The "string orientation" design needs to be combined with the latitude of the project location and the variation of the solar altitude angle (for example, in the Northern Hemisphere, due south is usually preferred to maximize the amount of solar radiation received throughout the year. If the terrain is limited, it can be appropriately adjusted to a small angle of south-east / southwest to minimize power generation loss) to ensure that the string orientation meets the optimal lighting requirements. The design of "string spacing" needs to focus on avoiding the problem of front-row modules blocking rear-row modules (especially during the period of lowest solar altitude angle, such as noon on the winter solstice, to ensure that rear-row modules are not blocked by front-row modules). The spacing between photovoltaic strings can be determined according to the following formula:

[0040] in, L The length of the tilted surface of the photovoltaic panel. D The spacing between the two rows of photovoltaic strings. β For the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel, The latitude is the local latitude. The orientation of the photovoltaic strings can be determined through design software calculations, such as using specialized software (e.g., [software name]). PVsyst, RETScreen ) or online tools (such as NASA's SolarCalculator By inputting the local latitude and longitude, you can simulate the amount of solar radiation in different directions, select the optimal solution, or intuitively determine the best direction based on on-site observations.

[0041] After determining the string spacing and orientation parameters, the initial layout needs to be optimized and adjusted accordingly. For example, if the string spacing is too narrow in the initial layout, resulting in the risk of shading, the row spacing needs to be increased appropriately and the number of strings needs to be readjusted. If there is a deviation between the orientation and the optimal direction, the string arrangement angle needs to be rotated. If some areas have wasted space due to the spacing adjustment, the string arrangement units need to be re-divided. Finally, a final layout method is formed that satisfies the requirements of "string number not exceeding the upper limit, optimal orientation, and no shading" while maximizing the use of the available space and ensuring the overall power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system.

[0042] When arranging photovoltaic strings, a margin can be set between the photovoltaic strings and the arrangement boundary. Multiple arrangement schemes can be quickly generated by arranging from left to right of the boundary and inserting half strings or quarter strings at the boundary; or arranging from right to left of the boundary and inserting half strings or quarter strings at the boundary; or arranging vertically aligned and centered and inserting half strings or quarter strings at the boundary.

[0043] In addition, adjacent grids with similar suitability scores (score differences controlled within a preset threshold, such as ±5%) can be divided into the same module string according to the limitation of "maximum number of module strings". This division method can ensure that all modules in the same string are in basically the same lighting environment and terrain conditions, effectively avoiding the "hot spot effect" caused by insufficient lighting of some modules in the string (such as shaded areas), ensuring the stable power generation efficiency of the entire string, and at the same time, making the string layout more in line with the actual site conditions, maximizing the use of grid space with high suitability scores, and achieving the optimal overall power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic array.

[0044] In summary, the BIM and GIS-based photovoltaic array planning and design method in the above embodiments of the present invention collects and imports sensitive factors affecting the arrangement of photovoltaic modules, and defines and establishes a constraint model for the arrangement of photovoltaic modules; determines the area to be planned for photovoltaic modules, and uses the constraint model to determine the deployable areas, photovoltaic field roads, and prohibited areas within the planned area; obtains the photovoltaic module models to be arranged, and determines the maximum number of module strings corresponding to each photovoltaic module model; determines the preliminary arrangement method of photovoltaic modules in the deployable areas based on the deployable areas and the maximum number of module strings; determines the spacing and orientation between photovoltaic strings, and adjusts the preliminary arrangement method based on the spacing and orientation of the photovoltaic strings to obtain the final arrangement method. The method deeply integrates the data related to the photovoltaic module model with the GIS spatial data of the area to be arranged, incorporating it into the considerations of photovoltaic planning, thereby improving the quality of photovoltaic planning. This solves the problem of low accuracy in photovoltaic array planning in existing technologies.

[0045] Example 2 This embodiment also proposes a photovoltaic array planning and design method based on BIM and GIS. The difference between the photovoltaic array planning and design method based on BIM and GIS in this embodiment and the photovoltaic array planning and design method based on BIM and GIS in Embodiment 1 is as follows: The steps of determining the spacing and orientation between photovoltaic strings, and adjusting the preliminary arrangement based on the spacing and orientation to obtain the final arrangement, further include: Based on the estimated power generation and transformer power of the project, determine the number and arrangement of photovoltaic module strings, and determine the arrangement of inverters and transformers.

[0046] Based on the photovoltaic module layout plans already completed in the early stages of the project, the power generation of different plans is quantitatively statistically analyzed. The core calculation formula is "Power Generation = Photovoltaic Installation Capacity × System Efficiency × Photovoltaic Module Installation Tilted Surface Irradiance". Each parameter needs to be accurately determined based on the actual situation of the project: "Photovoltaic Installation Capacity" needs to be calculated based on the actual layout results, that is, the rated capacity of a single photovoltaic module (e.g., 550W / module) multiplied by the total number of photovoltaic modules actually installed in the entire project, directly reflecting the project's power generation potential; "System Efficiency" is not a fixed value, and planners need to use professional calculation software (such as PVsyst, RETScreen, etc.) to comprehensively consider multiple influencing factors such as inverter conversion efficiency, photovoltaic module attenuation rate, line transmission loss, shading loss, operation and maintenance loss, etc., and determine the final efficiency value after simulation calculation; "Photovoltaic Module Installation Tilted Surface Irradiance" needs to be combined with the latitude, climate data, sunshine duration of the project location, and the previously designed module installation tilt angle, and obtain the actual annual total solar radiation received by the module tilted surface through meteorological database queries or professional software simulation to ensure the accuracy of power generation calculation.

[0047] After estimating the project's power generation, the number of arrays and specific layout of the photovoltaic field area need to be further determined based on the rated power of the box-type transformer (referred to as "box transformer"). Taking a certain project as an example: if the calculated total power generation corresponds to an installed capacity of 70MWp (megawatt peak, i.e., the maximum power generation under standard test conditions), the planners will, based on the rated power of the box transformer (here, a 3150kVA box transformer is selected, whose compatible power generation unit power is approximately 3.15MWp), reasonably divide the entire photovoltaic field area into 21 independent 3.15MWp sub-arrays (21 × 3.15MWp ≈ 66.15MWp, which needs to be fine-tuned to a total scale close to 70MWp based on the actual site conditions to ensure power matching); each Each 3.15MWp power generation unit must strictly adhere to the principle of "equipment coordinated configuration": First, photovoltaic modules are arranged into series circuits according to the maximum number of strings determined in the early stage. Every 18 such series circuits are connected to a 196kW rated power string inverter (the total power of the 18 circuits is matched with the rated power of the inverter to avoid overload or power waste). Then, the output terminals of 16 196kW inverters (16×196kW=3136kW≈3.15MW) are uniformly connected to a 3150kVA step-up transformer (i.e., box-type transformer), ultimately forming a complete 3.15MW power generation unit. This achieves step-by-step power matching of "module circuit - inverter - box-type transformer" to ensure the stability and efficiency of power transmission.

[0048] Furthermore, when planning the specific installation area for the transformer substation, priority should be given to selecting locations on the edge of the site or in locations that are convenient for grid connection and operation and maintenance. At the same time, the photovoltaic strings originally planned to be arranged in this area must be left empty. This is because the transformer substation itself and its surroundings need to reserve space for equipment installation (usually to meet the dimensions of the transformer substation foundation and heat dissipation distance) and operation and maintenance channels (generally not less than 2 meters wide), making it impossible to arrange photovoltaic modules simultaneously. After leaving the corresponding strings empty, the actual number of photovoltaic modules retained in this area needs to be recalculated, and then the photovoltaic installation capacity needs to be corrected. This information is then used to update the total power generation of the project in the power generation calculation formula. This avoids deviations in power generation estimation caused by a reduction in the number of modules due to the transformer substation layout. Ultimately, this ensures the consistency and accuracy of the site layout plan and power generation data, taking into account both equipment installation and operation and maintenance needs and the project's power generation benefits.

[0049] In summary, the BIM and GIS-based photovoltaic array planning and design method in the above embodiments of the present invention collects and imports sensitive factors affecting the arrangement of photovoltaic modules, and defines and establishes a constraint model for the arrangement of photovoltaic modules; determines the area to be planned for photovoltaic modules, and uses the constraint model to determine the deployable areas, photovoltaic field roads, and prohibited areas within the planned area; obtains the photovoltaic module models to be arranged, and determines the maximum number of module strings corresponding to each photovoltaic module model; determines the preliminary arrangement method of photovoltaic modules in the deployable areas based on the deployable areas and the maximum number of module strings; determines the spacing and orientation between photovoltaic strings, and adjusts the preliminary arrangement method based on the spacing and orientation of the photovoltaic strings to obtain the final arrangement method. The method deeply integrates the data related to the photovoltaic module model with the GIS spatial data of the area to be arranged, incorporating it into the considerations of photovoltaic planning, thereby improving the quality of photovoltaic planning. This solves the problem of low accuracy in photovoltaic array planning in existing technologies.

[0050] Example 3 Please see Figure 2 The image shows a photovoltaic array planning and design device based on BIM and GIS proposed in the third embodiment of the present invention. The device includes: The collection module 100 is used to collect and import sensitive factors affecting the arrangement of photovoltaic modules, and to define and establish a constraint model for the arrangement of photovoltaic modules. The determination module 200 is used to determine the area to be planned for photovoltaic modules, and uses the constraint condition model to determine the deployable areas, photovoltaic field roads and prohibited areas in the area to be planned; The acquisition module 300 is used to acquire the photovoltaic module model that needs to be deployed, determine the maximum number of module strings corresponding to the photovoltaic module model, and determine the preliminary deployment method of the photovoltaic modules in the deployable area based on the deployable area and the maximum number of module strings. The arrangement module 400 is used to determine the spacing and orientation between photovoltaic strings, and adjusts the preliminary arrangement method according to the spacing and orientation between photovoltaic strings to obtain the final arrangement method.

[0051] The functions or operation steps implemented by the above modules are largely the same as those in the above method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0052] Example 4 In another aspect, the present invention provides a readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described in any one of Embodiments 1 to 2 above.

[0053] Example 5 In another aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, the electronic device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of any one of the methods described in Embodiments 1 to 2 above.

[0054] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0055] Those skilled in the art will understand that the logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequential list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable storage medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a processor-included system, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable storage medium" can mean any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit programs for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0056] More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable storage media include: electrical connections (electronic devices) having one or more wires, portable computer disk drives (magnetic devices), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and editable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable optical disc read-only memory (CDROM). Furthermore, computer-readable storage media can even be paper or other suitable media on which the program can be printed, since the program can be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting, or otherwise processing as necessary, and then stored in computer memory.

[0057] It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0058] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0059] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic array planning and design method based on BIM and GIS, characterized in that, The method includes: Collect and import the sensitive factors affecting the arrangement of photovoltaic modules, and define and establish the constraint condition model for the arrangement of photovoltaic modules; Identify the areas to be planned for photovoltaic modules, and use the constraint model to determine the feasible areas, photovoltaic field roads, and prohibited areas within the planned areas; Obtain the photovoltaic module models that need to be deployed, and determine the maximum number of module strings corresponding to each photovoltaic module model. Based on the deployable area and the maximum number of module strings, determine the initial deployment method of the photovoltaic modules in the deployable area. Determine the spacing and orientation between photovoltaic strings, and adjust the preliminary layout according to the spacing and orientation to obtain the final layout.

2. The photovoltaic array planning and design method based on BIM and GIS according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for determining the feasible areas, photovoltaic field roads, and prohibited areas within the planning area using the constraint model include: Using GIS spatial analysis tools, the area to be planned is divided into a grid, and the prohibited area layer is defined by the constraint condition model. Overlay the prohibited area layer with the grid of the area to be planned, mark the corresponding grid as the prohibited area, and mark other grids that are not in the prohibited area as the area that can be placed. Based on Dijkstra's algorithm, roads in the photovoltaic field to be planned are designed to ensure that the shortest path of the road is adapted to the site conditions of the area to be planned.

3. The photovoltaic array planning and design method based on BIM and GIS according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of defining the prohibited area layer using the constraint condition model includes: The spatial data contained in the constraint model is overlaid and analyzed to automatically identify overlapping areas and mark the corresponding raster grid as prohibited areas. Using computer vision technology, the GIS image of the area to be planned is segmented and identified to accurately identify the boundaries of prohibited areas; The boundary is converted into a vector line and fused with the GIS image data of the area to be planned. The precise boundary is then extracted to finally generate a prohibited area layer.

4. The photovoltaic array planning and design method based on BIM and GIS according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining the initial arrangement of photovoltaic modules in the arrangeable area based on the arrangeable area and the maximum number of module strings includes: Calculate the suitability score for each grid, and group grids with similar suitability scores into the same string based on the maximum number of component strings; The formula for calculating the suitability score is as follows: S i = aA i + bB i + cC i in, S i for i The fitness score of each grid, A i , B i , C i These are the normalized values ​​of geographical factors, engineering factors, and economic factors, respectively. a , b , c The corresponding indicator ratio.

5. The photovoltaic array planning and design method based on BIM and GIS according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the maximum number of component strings is: in, This represents the maximum number of photovoltaic module strings connected in series. This is the maximum allowable DC input voltage for the inverter. This is the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic module. Extremely low temperatures under the operating conditions of photovoltaic modules The open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient of a photovoltaic module. This is the minimum MPPT voltage of the inverter. This refers to the operating voltage of the photovoltaic module. Extreme high temperatures under the operating conditions of photovoltaic modules The temperature coefficient of the operating voltage of a photovoltaic module. This represents the maximum MPPT voltage of the inverter.

6. The photovoltaic array planning and design method based on BIM and GIS according to claim 5, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the spacing between photovoltaic strings is: in, L The length of the tilted surface of the photovoltaic panel. β The tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel. The latitude is the local latitude.

7. The photovoltaic array planning and design method based on BIM and GIS according to claim 6, characterized in that, The steps of determining the spacing and orientation between photovoltaic strings, and adjusting the preliminary arrangement based on the spacing and orientation to obtain the final arrangement, further include: Based on the estimated power generation and transformer power of the project, determine the number and arrangement of photovoltaic module strings, and determine the arrangement of inverters and transformers.

8. A photovoltaic array planning and design device based on BIM and GIS, characterized in that, The device includes: The collection module is used to collect and import sensitive factors affecting the arrangement of photovoltaic modules, and to define and establish constraint condition models for the arrangement of photovoltaic modules. The determination module is used to identify the areas to be planned for photovoltaic modules, and uses a constraint model to determine the feasible areas, photovoltaic field roads, and prohibited areas within the planned areas. The acquisition module is used to acquire the photovoltaic module models that need to be deployed, determine the maximum number of module strings corresponding to the photovoltaic module models, and determine the preliminary deployment method of the photovoltaic modules in the deployable area based on the deployable area and the maximum number of module strings. The arrangement module is used to determine the spacing and orientation between photovoltaic strings, and adjusts the preliminary arrangement according to the spacing and orientation of the photovoltaic strings to obtain the final arrangement.

9. A readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, The method includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the program, implements the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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