Traveling wave waveguide array antenna of millimeter wave frequency band and radar installation

Abstract

The invention discloses a traveling wave waveguide array antenna of a millimeter wave frequency band, which comprises an equiphase power division network, a phase gradient network and a traveling wave antenna array, and is characterized in that the equiphase power division network comprises a plurality of levels of power dividers, and the output signal intensity of the equiphase power division network is sequentially decreased from the middle to two sides; the equiphase power division network is connected with the traveling wave antenna array through the phase gradient network, the phase gradient network comprises a plurality of sections of ridge waveguide feeder lines, and output signals of the adjacent ridge waveguide feeder lines have the same phase difference. According to the invention, the high-frequency insertion loss is reduced, the channel consistency is good, the anti-interference capability is strong, the pressure on a heat dissipation system is small, and the cost is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a waveguide array antenna and radar installation, particularly a traveling wave waveguide array antenna and radar installation in the millimeter wave band, belonging to the field of antenna technology. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the popularization and rapid development of drone technology, while bringing convenience, it has also brought increasingly serious problems of public safety, privacy leaks, and even national security. Frequent incidents of unauthorized drones intruding into sensitive areas such as airports, military bases, and venues for major events have made efficient and reliable counter-drone technology an urgent need. Among various detection methods, millimeter-wave radar, with its unique advantages such as all-weather, all-day operation, long range, and accurate ranging and speed measurement, has become an indispensable key component in counter-drone systems.

[0003] To achieve high-resolution detection and detailed feature recognition of micro-UAVs, the choice of operating frequency band is crucial. The millimeter-wave band, especially the 80GHz band, has the following inherent advantages due to its extremely short wavelength (approximately 3.75mm): First, it has extremely high angular resolution, which can effectively distinguish dense targets or perform detailed imaging of targets; second, it has a very large available bandwidth, which is conducive to achieving high resolution at long distances and improving the system's anti-interference capability; third, the antenna aperture can be made very small, which is beneficial for the miniaturization and lightweight integration of equipment.

[0004] However, applying millimeter-wave antennas to anti-drone radar presents many serious challenges.

[0005] For example, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN119401124A discloses a low-sidelobe X-band waveguide slot array antenna, which includes an antenna array surface. The antenna array surface includes several equally spaced parallel sub-array antennas. Each sub-array antenna is a waveguide slot array antenna. Each waveguide slot array antenna is externally connected to a TR component. The center distance d1 between two adjacent waveguide slot antennas is 16mm. According to the technical requirements, horizontal polarization is achieved by opening oblique slots on the narrow side of a rectangular waveguide, thus realizing the design of a low-sidelobe horizontally polarized waveguide slot traveling wave array antenna. This solution uses TR components to connect the system and antenna elements, which is reliable in the X-band, but suffers from high loss, poor consistency, and low reliability in the 80GHz band, making it unsuitable for current scenarios with high angular resolution requirements. Furthermore, using a narrow-sided, angled-slit radiation method results in high antenna cross-polarization, reducing the system's anti-interference capability.

[0006] For example, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN118099775A discloses a W-band one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna based on a ridge gap waveguide. The antenna includes several rows of one-dimensional waveguide slot elements arranged at equal intervals. The center of the odd-numbered rows of one-dimensional waveguide slot elements is located on the first vertical axis, and the center of the even-numbered rows is located on the second vertical axis. Each one-dimensional waveguide slot element includes an upper element plate, a lower element plate, and a ridge gap waveguide feeding layer disposed between the upper and lower element plates. The upper element plate has a radiation slot; the lower element plate has a feeding port. When the antenna scans, several radio frequency signals with phase differences enter the feeding port through a TR component, then enter the ridge gap waveguide feeding layer, and form a main beam for outward output through the radiation slot. By using a ridge gap waveguide structure for feeding, the use of dielectric substrates is avoided, greatly reducing the dielectric loss caused by the large feeding network of the array antenna, while also avoiding the high costs associated with high-precision vacuum welding and diffusion welding.

[0007] This scheme still uses TR components to feed the antenna array. Phased array antennas rely on the phase of the input signal to achieve beam scanning; however, the amplitude and phase of the signal generated by the TR components in the W-band are easily affected by the external environment, requiring high precision and complex equipment for accurate calibration. This increases the system cost and reduces its environmental adaptability. The array is a one-dimensional scanning array, relying on mechanical rotation in another direction for scanning. When two-dimensional beam scanning is required, the mechanical structure further increases the system complexity and reduces reliability.

[0008] For example, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN119171086A discloses an anti-drone antenna structure, comprising: a reflector, two sets of orthogonal radiating elements mounted on the reflector, a power distribution network circuit board, and an outermost antenna cover. The two sets of orthogonal radiating elements are mounted on the front of the reflector and include: an 868MHz / 915MHz dual-band antenna, a 1.5GHz antenna, a 2.4GHz antenna, and a 5.8GHz antenna. The 868MHz / 915MHz dual-band antenna is located on the left and right sides of the reflector and is centered vertically. The 1.5GHz antenna is centered vertically, the 2.4GHz antenna is located at the four corners of the reflector, and the 5.8GHz antenna is centered. The power distribution network circuit board and multiple RF module cable probes are mounted on the back of the reflector. The power distribution network circuit board is located in the center of the back of the reflector. The multiple RF cable probes include: an 868MHz / 915MHz RF cable connector, a 1.5GHz RF cable connector, a +2.4GHz RF cable connector, a -2.4GHz RF cable connector, and a 5.8GHz RF cable connector. The antenna structure of this invention is more compact, easier to install, has stronger performance, and higher gain.

[0009] This scheme comprises several antennas, all connected via TR components and microstrip lines to achieve system functionality. However, the system operates at a low frequency, making it difficult to meet high-resolution requirements and effectively detect small flying objects or perform detailed imaging. Migrating a similar scheme to the W-band would introduce a series of problems, including high insertion loss, excessively small antenna structures, poor heat dissipation, and poor amplitude-phase consistency.

[0010] In summary, the existing technology has the following drawbacks: 1. Traditional anti-drone radar requires TR components to connect the PCB board and antenna unit. At 80GHz, this not only significantly increases insertion loss but also introduces problems related to channel consistency, heat dissipation, and cost.

[0011] 2. In traditional solutions, the amplitude and phase consistency of the TR component is greatly affected by environmental factors, making calibration difficult and requiring a complex calibration system to maintain performance.

[0012] 3. Connecting TR components and antenna units via microstrip lines or RF cables can lead to significant heat dissipation problems. The dielectric substrate of microstrip lines cannot efficiently transfer heat; RF cables have long heat dissipation paths and are inefficient.

[0013] 4. Conventional anti-drone array antennas rely on expensive dielectric substrate materials and complex systems, resulting in high manufacturing costs and making it difficult to meet the cost control requirements for large-scale deployment of anti-drone systems. Summary of the Invention

[0014] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a traveling wave waveguide array antenna and radar installation in the millimeter wave band, thereby overcoming at least one defect of the prior art.

[0015] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A millimeter-wave band traveling wave waveguide array antenna includes an equal-phase power divider network, a phase gradient network, and a traveling wave antenna array. The equal-phase power divider network includes several levels of power dividers, and the output signal strength of the equal-phase power divider network decreases sequentially from the middle to both sides. The equal-phase power divider network is connected to the traveling wave antenna array through the phase gradient network. The phase gradient network includes several ridge waveguide feed lines, and the output signals of adjacent ridge waveguide feed lines have the same phase difference.

[0016] Furthermore, the equal-phase power divider network includes a first-stage power divider, a first power branch network, and a second power branch network. One output terminal of the first-stage power divider is connected to the input terminal of the first power branch network, and the other output terminal of the first-stage power divider is connected to the input terminal of the second power branch network. The first power branch network and the second power branch network are symmetrically arranged around the central axis of the equal-phase power divider network.

[0017] Furthermore, the power ratio of the first-stage power divider is 1:1.

[0018] Furthermore, the first power splitting network and the second power splitting network each include a second-stage power splitter, two third-stage power splitters, and four fourth-stage power splitters. The two output terminals of the second-stage power splitter are connected to the input terminals of the two third-stage power splitters in a one-to-one correspondence. The four output terminals of the two third-stage power splitters are connected to the input terminals of the four fourth-stage power splitters. The output signals of the eight output terminals of the four fourth-stage power splitters decrease sequentially from the central axis of the equal-phase power splitting network to both sides.

[0019] Furthermore, the first-stage power divider, the second-stage power divider, the third-stage power divider, and the fourth-stage power divider each include a power divider body. A power divider matching device is provided on the lower side of one end of the connection between the input and output terminals of the power divider body. A power divider ratio regulator is provided on the side of the connection between the two output terminals of the power divider body opposite to the input terminal. The height of the power divider ratio regulator protruding towards the connection between the two output terminals of the power divider body is 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the width of the narrow side of the power divider channel.

[0020] Furthermore, the power ratio of the second-stage power divider is 3.17:1, the power ratios of the two third-stage power dividers are 2.25:1 and 1.37:1 respectively from the central axis of the equal-phase power divider network to both sides, and the power ratios of the four fourth-stage power dividers are 1.08:1, 1.28:1, 1.55:1 and 1:1 respectively from the central axis of the equal-phase power divider network to both sides.

[0021] Furthermore, the phase gradient network comprises several arc-shaped ridge waveguide feed lines, the radius of each arc-shaped ridge waveguide feed line forming an arithmetic sequence from small to large, and the center of the arc of all the arc-shaped ridge waveguide feed lines is located at the same point.

[0022] Furthermore, the traveling wave antenna array comprises several traveling wave antenna elements, each of which uses a ridge waveguide as a transmission structure. An integrated long slot radiation structure is provided on the upper side of the ridge waveguide of the traveling wave antenna element, and a matching load or absorbing material is provided at the end of each traveling wave antenna element.

[0023] Furthermore, the ridge waveguide of the traveling wave antenna element is a wavy ridge waveguide, and the wavy offset distance of the ridge waveguide of the traveling wave antenna element gradually increases with the direction of antenna signal propagation until the end of the traveling wave antenna element has several wavy bends and then gradually decreases slightly.

[0024] A radar assembly includes an array antenna board, an adapter board, and a radar PCB board. The array antenna board is equipped with a traveling wave waveguide array antenna in the millimeter wave band. The adapter board connects the input port of the traveling wave waveguide array antenna to the LOP port of a chip on the radar PCB board.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects: 1. The present invention uses an E-plane bent waveguide to construct a power divider structure in an equal-phase power divider network, which avoids the problems of excessively thin wall thickness and structural interference caused by an overly compact structure, and improves the problem that complex power divider networks are not easy to process into plastic metals.

[0026] 2. The traveling wave array unit of the present invention uses a bent ridge waveguide in conjunction with an integrated long analysis for radiation, which effectively solves the processing problem caused by the close spacing of the slots in traditional multi-slot traveling wave antennas. The integrated long analysis is more conducive to mold injection molding and plastic metallization.

[0027] 3. The present invention uses a ridge waveguide as the antenna channel in the traveling wave unit array, which avoids the traveling wave units being too far apart in the E-plane. This not only achieves miniaturization of the lateral dimensions, but also effectively suppresses the grating lobes in the horizontal direction.

[0028] 4. This invention eliminates the TR component. The chip feeds the signal directly into the waveguide antenna through the LOP port. The waveguide antenna element and feed line all use air as the propagation medium, which minimizes high-frequency insertion loss.

[0029] 5. The antenna feed network of this invention is integrated inside the waveguide antenna and formed by injection molding. This not only ensures the consistency of the channel between different batches and eliminates the need for a complex calibration system, but also shields against external interference and improves anti-interference capability.

[0030] 6. This invention uses a waveguide antenna with an all-metal structure (aluminum or copper) on the outside, which is itself a good heat sink. Moreover, the waveguide has extremely low insertion loss. Under the same power, the ohmic effect of the waveguide is much lower than that of microstrip lines and coaxial cables. It generates very little heat and puts very little pressure on the heat dissipation system. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a millimeter-wave band traveling wave waveguide array antenna according to the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the equal-phase power dividing network of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the power divider of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the traveling wave antenna element of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the radar installation of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 6This invention relates to a millimeter-wave band traveling wave waveguide array antenna S. 11 A schematic diagram of the curve and radiation efficiency.

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the E-plane radiation pattern of a millimeter-wave traveling wave waveguide array antenna of the present invention at 80 GHz.

[0038] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the H-plane radiation pattern of a millimeter-wave traveling wave waveguide array antenna of the present invention at 80 GHz.

[0039] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional gain pattern of a millimeter-wave traveling wave waveguide array antenna at 80 GHz according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To illustrate in detail the technical solutions adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended technical objectives, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Furthermore, the technical means or technical features in the embodiments of the present invention can be replaced without creative effort. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, a millimeter-wave band traveling wave waveguide array antenna of the present invention includes an equal-phase power divider network 1, a phase gradient network 2, and a traveling wave antenna array 3. The equal-phase power divider network 1 includes several levels of power dividers. The output signal strength of the equal-phase power divider network 1 decreases sequentially from the middle to both sides. The equal-phase power divider network 1 is connected to the traveling wave antenna array 3 through the phase gradient network 2. The phase gradient network 2 includes several ridge waveguide feed lines, and the output signals of adjacent ridge waveguide feed lines have the same phase difference.

[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, the equal-phase power divider network 1 includes a first-stage power divider 4, a first power branch network, and a second power branch network. One output terminal of the first-stage power divider 4 is connected to the input terminal of the first power branch network, and the other output terminal of the first-stage power divider 4 is connected to the input terminal of the second power branch network. The first power branch network and the second power branch network are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the equal-phase power divider network.

[0043] The power ratio of the first-stage power divider 4 is 1:1.

[0044] The first and second power divider networks each contain one second-stage power divider 5, two third-stage power dividers 6, and four fourth-stage power dividers 7. The two output terminals of the second-stage power divider 5 are connected to the input terminals of the two third-stage power dividers 6 in a one-to-one correspondence. The four output terminals of the two third-stage power dividers 6 are connected to the input terminals of the four fourth-stage power dividers 7. The output signals of the eight output terminals of the four fourth-stage power dividers 7 decrease sequentially from the central axis of the equal-phase power divider network to both sides.

[0045] like Figure 3 As shown, the first-stage power divider 4, the second-stage power divider 5, the third-stage power divider 6, and the fourth-stage power divider 7 each include a power divider body. A power divider matching device 8 is located on the lower side of one end of the power divider body where the input and output terminals connect. A power divider ratio adjuster 9 is located on the side of the power divider body opposite to the input terminal where the two output terminals connect. The height of the power divider ratio adjuster 9 protruding towards the two output terminals of the power divider body is 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the width of the narrow side of the power divider channel. Figure 3 For the reverse schematic diagram, the actual power divider structure is formed by etching grooves and plating a metal layer on a plastic substrate to achieve metallization, along with the feed waveguide. Therefore, a diagram is attached. Figure 3 The recess at the connection is actually the protrusion of the power divider ratio regulator 9. The power divider ratio is determined by the position of the power divider ratio regulator 9 in the channel. The height and length of the power divider matching unit 8 jointly adjust the impedance matching of the power divider. The first, second, and third stage power dividers adopt a T-type structure, and the fourth stage power divider adopts a tuning fork type structure, ensuring that the center distance between the two output terminals of the fourth stage power divider meets the requirement of 2.5mm. Using this E-plane bent waveguide power divider can significantly reduce the size occupied by the power divider network, providing a guarantee for low-cost plastic metallization processing.

[0046] The power ratio of the second-stage power divider 5 is 3.17:1. The power ratios of the two third-stage power dividers 6, extending from the central axis of the equal-phase power divider network to both sides, are 2.25:1 and 1.37:1, respectively. The power ratios of the four fourth-stage power dividers 7, extending from the central axis of the equal-phase power divider network to both sides, are 1.08:1, 1.28:1, 1.55:1, and 1:1, respectively. This ratio of power dividers in the equal-phase power divider network ensures that the excitation amplitude of the traveling-wave antenna array follows a Chebyshev distribution in the E-plane, achieving low sidelobes in the E-plane.

[0047] To ensure the plastic metallization processability of the structure and to avoid an overly compact structure or excessively thin walls, the equal-phase power divider network 1 is entirely composed of E-plane bent waveguides.

[0048] like Figure 1As shown, the phase gradient network 2 comprises several arc-shaped ridge waveguide feed lines. The radius of each arc-shaped ridge waveguide feed line forms an arithmetic sequence from small to large, and the centers of all the arcs of the arc-shaped ridge waveguide feed lines are located at the same point. With this design, the arc-shaped ridge waveguide feed lines have the same phase difference between each other, forming a phase gradient network, which can achieve beam pointing deflection in the horizontal plane.

[0049] like Figure 4 As shown, the traveling wave antenna array 3 comprises several traveling wave antenna elements. Each traveling wave antenna element 10 uses a ridge waveguide as its transmission structure. An integrated long slot radiation structure 11 is provided on the upper side of the ridge waveguide of the traveling wave antenna element 10. A matching load or absorbing material is provided at the end of each traveling wave antenna element 10. The use of an integrated long slot radiation structure 11 avoids the defect of traditional slot arrays that cannot be manufactured by plastic metallization due to the close spacing of the slots.

[0050] Traveling wave antenna elements are leaky wave antennas, meaning energy gradually leaks and radiates during propagation. To ensure that the energy is evenly distributed within the aperture plane, the bending distance in the first half of the propagation path should be controlled to avoid being too large. The ridge waveguide of traveling wave antenna element 10 is a wavy ridge waveguide, and the wavy offset distance of the ridge waveguide of traveling wave antenna element 10 gradually increases with the direction of antenna signal propagation until the last 3-4 wavy bends of the traveling wave antenna element, after which it gradually decreases slightly. This bending method ensures that the excitation energy in the elevation plane exhibits axisymmetry and conforms to Chebyshev or Taylor distribution, achieving a low sidelobe effect.

[0051] like Figure 6 As shown, the millimeter-wave band traveling wave waveguide array antenna of the present invention, S 11 A bandwidth of 12.5% ​​with a VSWR < 1.5 and a VSWR of less than or equal to -15dB in the 75GHz-85GHz range, and a center frequency of 80GHz, is achievable. 11 <-25dB, with a radiation efficiency of up to 92% at the center frequency of 80GHz.

[0052] like Figure 7 The diagram shows the E-plane radiation pattern of a millimeter-wave traveling wave waveguide array antenna of the present invention at 80 GHz. The maximum gain is 26.9 dBi, the 3 dB beamwidth is 6°, and the sidelobes are below -20 dB.

[0053] like Figure 8 The diagram shows a schematic of the H-plane radiation pattern of a millimeter-wave traveling wave waveguide array antenna of the present invention at 80 GHz. The maximum gain is 26.9 dBi, the 3 dB beamwidth is 10°, and the sidelobes are below -30 dB.

[0054] like Figure 9The diagram shows a two-dimensional gain pattern of a millimeter-wave traveling wave array antenna of the present invention at 80 GHz. The main beam points at phi = 135° and theta = 24.5°, with a maximum gain of 26.9 dBi. The overall sidelobes are below -20 dB.

[0055] like Figure 5 As shown, a radar assembly includes an array antenna board 12, an adapter board 13, and a radar PCB board 14. The array antenna board 12 is equipped with a millimeter-wave band traveling waveguide array antenna. The adapter board 13 connects the input port of the traveling waveguide array antenna 12 to the LOP (Loop Positioning) port on the radar PCB board 14. In this embodiment, the array antenna board 12 has eight array antennas, each manufactured separately. By changing the design of the phase gradient network and traveling wave elements, the eight array antennas can achieve different beam pointing in three-dimensional space. Therefore, the array antenna board 12 can be viewed as an antenna array composed of eight narrow-beam, high-gain antennas with different beam pointing.

[0056] Taking TI's AWR2e44 chip as an example, the 2e44 has four transmit ports and four receive ports, each corresponding to an array antenna. Based on this, eight array antennas will form a high-gain 4-transmit, 4-receive array. Combined with the radar chip's computing power, it can perform fine imaging and high-resolution detection of small objects such as drones. Simultaneously, all feed lines in this system use air-dielectric waveguides, effectively reducing insertion loss and heat dissipation pressure in the millimeter-wave band. The elimination of T / R components significantly improves channel consistency and reduces the impact of environmental factors on the radar. Furthermore, the array antennas can be manufactured using plastic metallization processes, greatly reducing the cost of large-scale deployment. This is a high-performance, high-reliability, well-heat-dissipated, low-cost, and easily mass-producible high-resolution radar solution.

[0057] The array antenna board 12 adopts a two-layer structure. The E-plane feed section of the equal-phase power divider network 1, the phase gradient network 2, and the traveling wave antenna array 3 are processed in two layers. The upper and lower boards are assembled by welding. Due to the use of E-plane bent feed lines and ridge waveguides, both the feed network and the antenna array are miniaturized. Both the upper and lower boards have sufficient wall thickness to allow for a series of processes from injection molding to plastic metallization and welding.

[0058] This invention employs an E-plane bent waveguide to construct the power divider structure in the equal-phase power divider network, avoiding the problems of excessively thin walls and structural interference caused by overly compact structures, and improving the difficulty of plastic metallization processing of complex power divider networks. The traveling wave array element of this invention uses a bent ridge waveguide combined with an integrated long-range analyzer for radiation, effectively solving the processing problems caused by the close spacing of slots in traditional multi-slot traveling wave antennas. The integrated long-range analyzer is more conducive to mold injection molding and plastic metallization. This invention uses a ridge waveguide as the antenna channel in the traveling wave element array, avoiding excessively large spacing between traveling wave elements in the E-plane, achieving not only miniaturization of the lateral dimensions but also effectively suppressing horizontal grating lobes. This invention eliminates the TR component; the chip directly feeds the signal into the waveguide antenna through the LOP port, and all waveguide antenna elements and feed lines use air as the propagation medium, minimizing high-frequency insertion loss. The antenna feed network of this invention is integrated inside the waveguide antenna and formed by mold injection molding, ensuring channel consistency between different batches, eliminating the need for a complex calibration system, shielding against external interference, and improving anti-interference capability. This invention employs a waveguide antenna with an all-metal structure (aluminum or copper), which itself serves as an excellent heat sink. Furthermore, the waveguide exhibits extremely low insertion loss, and at the same power, its ohmic effect is far lower than that of microstrip lines and coaxial cables. It generates very little heat, placing minimal strain on the cooling system. This invention can be manufactured using various processing methods. Taking a low-cost plastic metallization process as an example, the plastic parts are injection molded, then electroplated and welded to form a complete waveguide array antenna. This eliminates the need for costly dielectric substrates and RF cables, requiring only screws or thermoplastic anchors to fix it to the back of the millimeter-wave LOP chip. It features low cost and high mass production capability.

[0059] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made to the above embodiments within the spirit and principles of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A traveling wave waveguide array antenna in the millimeter-wave band, characterized in that: It includes an equal-phase power divider network, a phase gradient network, and a traveling wave antenna array. The equal-phase power divider network contains several levels of power dividers. The output signal strength of the equal-phase power divider network decreases sequentially from the middle to both sides. The equal-phase power divider network is connected to the traveling wave antenna array through the phase gradient network. The phase gradient network contains several ridge waveguide feed lines, and the output signals of adjacent ridge waveguide feed lines have the same phase difference.

2. The millimeter-wave band traveling waveguide array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The equal-phase power divider network includes a first-stage power divider, a first power branch network, and a second power branch network. One output terminal of the first-stage power divider is connected to the input terminal of the first power branch network, and the other output terminal of the first-stage power divider is connected to the input terminal of the second power branch network. The first power branch network and the second power branch network are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the equal-phase power divider network.

3. The millimeter-wave band traveling waveguide array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The power ratio of the first-stage power divider is 1:

1.

4. The traveling wave waveguide array antenna in the millimeter-wave band according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first power splitting network and the second power splitting network each include a second-stage power splitter, two third-stage power splitters, and four fourth-stage power splitters. The two output terminals of the second-stage power splitter are connected to the input terminals of the two third-stage power splitters in a one-to-one correspondence. The four output terminals of the two third-stage power splitters are connected to the input terminals of the four fourth-stage power splitters. The output signals of the eight output terminals of the four fourth-stage power splitters decrease sequentially from the central axis of the equal-phase power splitting network to both sides.

5. A traveling-wave waveguide array antenna in the millimeter-wave band according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first-stage power divider, the second-stage power divider, the third-stage power divider, and the fourth-stage power divider each include a power divider body. A power divider matching device is provided on the lower side of one end of the power divider body where the input and output terminals are connected. A power divider ratio regulator is provided on the side of the power divider body opposite to the input terminal where the two output terminals are connected. The height of the power divider ratio regulator protruding towards the two output terminals of the power divider body is 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the width of the narrow side of the power divider channel.

6. The millimeter-wave band traveling waveguide array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The power ratio of the second-stage power divider is 3.17:

1. The power ratios of the two third-stage power dividers are 2.25:1 and 1.37:1 respectively, extending from the central axis of the equal-phase power divider network to both sides. The power ratios of the four fourth-stage power dividers are 1.08:1, 1.28:1, 1.55:1 and 1:1 respectively, extending from the central axis of the equal-phase power divider network to both sides.

7. A traveling wave waveguide array antenna in the millimeter-wave band according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase gradient network comprises several arc-shaped ridge waveguide feeds. The radius of each arc-shaped ridge waveguide feed forms an arithmetic sequence from small to large, and the centers of the arcs of all the arc-shaped ridge waveguide feeds are located at the same point.

8. A traveling-wave waveguide array antenna in the millimeter-wave band according to claim 1, characterized in that: The traveling wave antenna array comprises several traveling wave antenna elements. Each traveling wave antenna element uses a ridge waveguide as the transmission structure. An integrated long slot radiation structure is provided on the upper side of the ridge waveguide of the traveling wave antenna element. A matching load or absorbing material is provided at the end of each traveling wave antenna element.

9. A traveling-wave waveguide array antenna in the millimeter-wave band according to claim 8, characterized in that: The ridge waveguide of the traveling wave antenna element is a wavy ridge waveguide, and the wavy offset distance of the ridge waveguide of the traveling wave antenna element gradually increases with the direction of antenna signal propagation until the end of the traveling wave antenna element has several wavy bends and then gradually decreases in a small amount.

10. A radar installation, characterized in that: The device includes an array antenna board, an adapter board, and a radar PCB board. The array antenna board is equipped with a traveling wave waveguide array antenna in the millimeter wave band as described in any one of claims 1-9. The adapter board connects the input port of the traveling wave waveguide array antenna to the chip LOP port on the radar PCB board.

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