Novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system and a control method thereof, the system comprises three groups of energy storage bridge arms, the other end of each group of energy storage bridge arm is connected with an AC port and a DC port, and the AC port is connected with an AC power grid through an AC contactor; the DC port is connected with a DC bus through a DC contactor. The energy storage bridge arm comprises a plurality of energy storage units which are connected in series, and each energy storage unit comprises an energy storage module and an H-bridge power module; and the main controller realizes an alternating current grid-connected charging and discharging operation mode or a direct current bus output operation mode by controlling the working state of the power semiconductor switch assembly in the H-bridge power module and the on-off state of the alternating current contactor and the direct current contactor. Middle-high voltage grid connection is directly achieved through cascading of the H-bridge power modules, the direct-current bus voltage is dynamically adjusted through PWM modulation of the electronic switch, and therefore the structure is simplified, cost is reduced, the cycle efficiency is improved, the service life of a battery is prolonged, and efficient and reliable operation is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage system technology, and in particular to a novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing application of renewable energy and the growing demand for power system flexibility, mobile energy storage systems have been widely used in peak shaving, emergency power supply, grid repair, and disaster relief due to their advantages such as rapid deployment and strong adaptability. Currently, mainstream mobile energy storage systems mainly adopt low-voltage centralized or distributed energy storage solutions. These systems connect to the external power grid or load through a single DC or AC port and rely on step-up transformers (e.g., low-voltage AC systems need to be stepped up to medium- or high-voltage grid voltage) or DC / DC converters to achieve power conversion and grid connection. Although such solutions have achieved a certain level of practicality, significant bottlenecks still exist in terms of system efficiency, economy, and reliability.

[0003] (1) System efficiency and economy are limited: Existing solutions require the configuration of step-up transformers or DC / DC converters to achieve voltage matching, resulting in multiple energy conversion stages and reduced cycle efficiency. Furthermore, transformers, DC / DC devices and complex cable wiring significantly increase equipment costs and floor space.

[0004] (2) Inter-cluster circulating current and lifespan bottleneck: In low-voltage systems, parallel cell design is often used to increase capacity, but the inter-cluster circulating current problem caused by parallel connection will exacerbate the imbalance of the battery pack, trigger the "bottleneck effect", accelerate battery degradation, and shorten the overall lifespan of the system.

[0005] (3) Insufficient topology complexity and scalability: The existing architecture relies on multi-level power electronic devices and transformers, resulting in low system integration. Expansion or adjustment requires redesigning the hardware, leading to poor flexibility. In addition, complex electrical connections increase the risk of failure and maintenance difficulty.

[0006] In recent years, to address the aforementioned issues, the industry has attempted to mitigate circulating current and efficiency problems by optimizing the battery management system (BMS) or improving DC / DC control strategies. However, these efforts have failed to completely eliminate the inherent defects caused by the step-up transformer and parallel-connected cells at the topology level. Therefore, a new energy storage system architecture is urgently needed to simplify the energy conversion chain, improve system efficiency and economy, while simultaneously improving the battery operating environment and extending overall lifespan. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system and its control method. It abandons the traditional design of parallel connection between step-up transformer and battery cell, and directly achieves medium and high voltage grid connection through the cascading of modular H-bridge power modules. It also adopts electronic switch PWM modulation technology to dynamically adjust the DC bus voltage, thereby simplifying the system structure, reducing manufacturing costs, and significantly improving cycle efficiency and battery life. This provides an innovative solution for the efficient and reliable operation of mobile energy storage systems.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0009] A novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system includes three sets of energy storage bridge arms, one end of each set of energy storage bridge arms being connected to a common point; the other end of each set of energy storage bridge arms is connected to an AC port and a DC port respectively, wherein the AC port is equipped with an AC contactor and the DC port is equipped with a DC contactor, the AC port being used to connect to the AC power grid and the DC port being used to connect to the DC bus.

[0010] The energy storage bridge arm includes multiple energy storage units arranged in series. Each energy storage unit includes an energy storage module and an H-bridge power module connected to the energy storage module. The H-bridge power module includes four power semiconductor switching components, and the four power semiconductor switching components constitute an H-bridge structure.

[0011] The H-bridge power module is connected to the main controller. The main controller controls the working state of the power semiconductor switching components in the H-bridge power module and the on / off state of the AC contactor and DC contactor to realize the AC grid-connected charging and discharging operation mode or the DC bus output operation mode.

[0012] Furthermore, the AC port is also equipped with an AC reactor connected in series with the AC contactor, the AC reactor being used to connect to the AC power grid; the DC port is also equipped with a DC reactor connected in series with the DC contactor, the DC reactor being used to connect to the DC bus.

[0013] Furthermore, the other end of the energy storage bridge arm is connected to an AC / DC multiplexed reactor, and the AC port and DC port are respectively connected to the AC / DC multiplexed reactor.

[0014] Furthermore, the other end of the energy storage bridge arm is connected to an AC / DC multi-tap reactor, and the AC port and DC port are respectively connected to different taps of the AC / DC multi-tap reactor.

[0015] Furthermore, the AC / DC multi-tap reactor includes a first tap, an intermediate tap, and an end tap. The intermediate tap is connected to a DC contactor installed on the DC port, and the end tap is connected to an AC contactor installed on the AC port.

[0016] Furthermore, each of the DC ports is equipped with a DC contactor connected to a DC switch group, which includes several DC switches connected in parallel, and the several DC switches are used to connect to different DC buses.

[0017] Furthermore, the common point is connected to the negative terminal of the DC bus via a DC contactor, and the DC port is connected to the positive terminal of the DC bus via a DC contactor.

[0018] Furthermore, the DC bus is used to connect a DC charging gun, an electric heavy-duty truck drive system, or a DC / DC device.

[0019] The present invention also provides a control method for a novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system, which is applied to the above-mentioned novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system, including: AC grid-connected charging and discharging operation mode and DC bus output operation mode;

[0020] AC grid-connected charging and discharging operation mode:

[0021] The DC contactor controlling all DC port settings and the AC contactor at the common point for connecting the DC bus are disconnected.

[0022] The AC contactor controlling all AC port settings closes, connecting to the AC power grid;

[0023] Control the operating state of each power semiconductor switching component in the H-bridge power module to achieve charging and discharging operation control;

[0024] DC bus output operating mode:

[0025] The AC contactor controlling all AC port settings is disconnected;

[0026] The DC contactor controlling all DC port settings and the AC contactor at the common point for connecting the DC bus close, connecting the DC bus.

[0027] Control the operating state of each power semiconductor switching component in the H-bridge power module to achieve half-bridge operation and PWM operation mode control;

[0028] The DC bus outputs DC power to supply power to DC equipment.

[0029] Furthermore, the DC bus outputs DC power to supply power to DC equipment, including:

[0030] The DC bus is connected to the DC charging gun to charge and replenish the energy of electric vehicles.

[0031] Alternatively, the DC bus can be connected to the electric drive system of an electric heavy-duty truck to directly drive the vehicle.

[0032] According to specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system and its control method disclosed in the present invention have the following technical effects:

[0033] 1. Multifunctional: Compared with current mobile energy storage systems, the new mobile energy storage system provided by this invention can not only realize peak-valley arbitrage, emergency power supply, power grid repair, disaster relief and other operation modes, but also connect to DC charging gun to charge electric vehicles and realize new profit models; it can also directly drive electric heavy trucks as emergency backup power to increase the driving range of heavy trucks.

[0034] 2. Low cost: Compared with current mobile energy storage systems, this invention also has AC and DC multi-port output functions. It can be directly connected to the grid for AC charging and discharging operation, directly connected to the grid, without PCS and step-up transformer, and without DC cable between battery pack and PCS, resulting in low overall system cost. Moreover, the battery compartment does not need to be equipped with DC / DC devices. DC power can be output simply by switching the operating mode of the H-bridge power module, resulting in even lower cost.

[0035] 3. Saves space: Compared with current mobile energy storage systems, it eliminates the energy storage converter and step-up transformer, reduces the hierarchical structure, simplifies system access, reduces cable usage, and makes the entire system smaller, which is convenient for heavy truck transportation; in addition, the absence of parallel cell design avoids inter-cluster circulating current, reduces battery bottleneck effect, and extends overall lifespan.

[0036] 4. High cycle efficiency: Since the step-up transformer has been eliminated, the overall system cycle efficiency is higher than that of current mobile energy storage systems, resulting in higher peak-valley arbitrage profits and improved economic efficiency of energy storage system operation.

[0037] In summary, the novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system provided by this invention has stronger scalability and lower cost compared to existing mobile energy storage system solutions. It can achieve efficient and reliable operation and is easy to promote on a large scale in the market. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a hardware topology diagram of the novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a topology diagram of the AC charging and discharging operation mode of the mobile energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a topology diagram of the DC bus output mode of the mobile energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the DC operation status of the H-bridge in the DC bus output mode of the mobile energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 5 This is a topology diagram of the DC bus output mode of the mobile energy storage system using an AC / DC multiplexed reactor, as shown in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 6 This is a topology diagram of the DC bus output mode of the mobile energy storage system using AC / DC multi-tap reactors in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 7 This is a topology diagram of the multi-channel DC output mode of the mobile energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: KM1 / KM2 / KM3 are AC contactors; KM4 / KM5 / KM6 / KM7 are DC contactors; L1 / L2 / L3 are AC reactors; L4 / L5 / L6 are DC reactors; L7 / L8 / L9 are AC / DC combined reactors; L10 / L11 / L12 are AC / DC multi-tap reactors.

[0047] 1- Positive terminal of DC bus; 2- Negative terminal of DC bus; 3- DC charging gun; 4- Electric heavy truck drive system; 5- Energy storage unit. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] The purpose of this invention is to provide a novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system and its control method. This system features multi-port AC / DC output, allowing for direct grid connection and AC charging / discharging. Furthermore, by controlling the H-bridge cascaded topology to transform into a half-bridge topology and controlling contactor operation, it can connect to a DC bus. This DC bus can then connect to a DC charging gun to charge electric vehicles, functioning as a charging pile. Additionally, the DC bus can connect to the electric drive system of an electric heavy-duty truck, directly driving the vehicle. When the truck's battery pack is low on power, the energy storage battery can directly drive the vehicle, increasing its range.

[0050] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0051] like Figures 1-7 As shown, the novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system provided by the present invention includes three sets of energy storage bridge arms, one end of each set of energy storage bridge arms is connected to a common point; the other end of each set of energy storage bridge arms is connected to an AC port and a DC port respectively. The AC port is equipped with an AC contactor, and the DC port is equipped with a DC contactor. The AC port is used to connect to the AC power grid, and the DC port is used to connect to the DC bus.

[0052] The energy storage bridge arm includes multiple energy storage units 5 arranged in series. Each energy storage unit 5 includes an energy storage module (i.e., a battery pack) and an H-bridge power module connected to the energy storage module. The H-bridge power module includes four power semiconductor switching components, and the four power semiconductor switching components constitute an H-bridge structure.

[0053] The H-bridge power module is connected to the main controller. The main controller controls the working state of the power semiconductor switching components in the H-bridge power module and the on / off state of the AC contactor and DC contactor to realize the AC grid-connected charging and discharging operation mode or the DC bus output operation mode.

[0054] For example, each power semiconductor switching assembly includes a fully controllable semiconductor device and a unidirectional uncontrollable semiconductor device arranged in parallel. The fully controllable semiconductor device is a MOSFET or an IGBT; in this embodiment, a MOSFET is used. The unidirectional uncontrollable semiconductor device is a diode.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, the AC port is also equipped with AC reactors L1 / L2 / L3 connected in series with AC contactors KM1 / KM2 / KM3, and the AC reactors L1 / L2 / L3 are used to connect to the AC power grid; the DC port is also equipped with DC reactors L4 / L5 / L6 connected in series with DC contactors KM4 / KM5 / KM6, and the DC reactors L4 / L5 / L6 are used to connect to the positive terminal DC+ of the DC bus, and the common point is connected to the negative terminal DC- of the DC bus through DC contactor KM7.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] like Figure 5As shown, the other end of the energy storage bridge arm is connected to AC / DC multiplexed reactors L7 / L8 / L9. The AC port and DC port are respectively connected to the AC / DC multiplexed reactor, meaning that the AC port and DC port share a single reactor. Specifically, the AC contactor at the AC port and the DC contactor at the DC port are respectively connected to the AC / DC multiplexed reactor. The AC contactor at the AC port is used to connect to the AC power grid, and the DC contactor at the DC port is used to connect to the positive terminal DC+ of the DC bus. The common point is connected to the negative terminal DC- of the DC bus through DC contactor KM7.

[0059] By configuring an AC / DC multiplexed reactor, the contactors KM1 to KM7 can be directly controlled to switch operating modes. The AC / DC multiplexed reactor can be used not only in AC charging and discharging operation mode, but also in DC bus output mode. This solution can reduce the number of reactors, reduce the size of the battery compartment, and reduce the cost of the battery compartment.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] like Figure 6 As shown, the other end of the energy storage bridge arm is connected to AC / DC multi-tap reactors L10 / L11 / L12, and the AC port and DC port are respectively connected to different taps of the AC / DC multi-tap reactors.

[0062] Specifically, the AC / DC multi-tap reactor includes a first tap, a middle tap, and a last tap. The middle tap is connected to the DC contactor at the DC port, and the last tap is connected to the AC contactor at the AC port. The AC contactor at the AC port is used to connect to the AC power grid, and the DC contactor at the DC port is used to connect to the positive terminal DC+ of the DC bus. The common point is connected to the negative terminal DC- of the DC bus through DC contactor KM7.

[0063] By configuring AC / DC multi-tap reactors, the reactance value can be flexibly adjusted according to the tap position to adapt to the current limiting and harmonic suppression requirements under different operating conditions. The operating modes of contactors KM1 to KM7 can be directly controlled. These AC / DC multi-tap reactors can be used not only in AC charging / discharging operation mode but also in DC bus output mode. This solution reduces the number of reactors, lowers the battery compartment size, and reduces battery compartment costs.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] like Figure 7 As shown, based on the energy storage system structure described in any one of Embodiments 1-3, each DC port is provided with a DC contactor connected to a DC switch group, the DC switch group including three DC switches arranged in parallel, the three DC switches being used to connect to different DC buses respectively.

[0066] Three sets of DC switch groups form a contactor array KM9 to KM16, which can output three independent DC circuits. By controlling the contactor array, different power can be applied to the three output DC circuits DC1+, DC2+, and DC3+. The three DC circuits can be connected to DC charging guns 3, electric heavy truck drive systems 4, DC / DC devices, and other DC equipment.

[0067] Example 5

[0068] The present invention also provides a control method for a novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system, which is applied to the above-mentioned novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system, including: AC grid-connected charging and discharging operation mode and DC bus output operation mode;

[0069] like Figure 2 As shown, the AC grid-connected charging and discharging operation mode is as follows:

[0070] Controls the disconnection of DC contactors at all DC ports and AC contactors at common points for connecting to the DC bus; that is, controls the disconnection of DC contactors KM4 / KM5 / KM6 / KM7 to bypass the DC circuit.

[0071] The AC contactors KM1 / KM2 / KM3, which control all AC port settings, are closed to connect to the AC power grid.

[0072] The operating state of each power semiconductor switching component in the H-bridge power module is controlled to achieve charging and discharging operation control. The control algorithm used to control the H-bridge power module includes, but is not limited to, carrier phase shifting and nearest level approximation method, adjusting the output voltage to follow the grid voltage, controlling the difference between the AC phase after cascade and the grid phase, and realizing the charging and discharging operation of the energy storage system.

[0073] like Figure 3 As shown, the DC bus output operating mode is as follows:

[0074] The AC contactors KM1 / KM2 / KM3, which control all AC port settings, are disconnected, bypassing the AC circuit.

[0075] Control the closing of DC contactors with all DC ports and AC contactors with common points for connecting to the DC bus to connect to the DC bus; that is, control the closing of DC contactors KM4 / KM5 / KM6 / KM7.

[0076] Control the operating state of each power semiconductor switching component in the H-bridge power module, turning on switching elements Q1 and Q4, and turning off switching elements Q2 and Q3 (green indicates the off state), such as... Figure 4As shown, half-bridge operation is achieved; each bridge arm is in PWM operation mode, and the duty cycle of the Q1 or Q4 switching device is adjusted to achieve controllable bridge arm voltage. The three-phase bridge arms are connected in parallel at this time, and each group of bridge arms is controlled independently to output the same target DC voltage, thereby improving DC charging power and system redundancy.

[0077] The DC bus outputs DC power to supply power to DC equipment, including:

[0078] The DC bus is connected to the DC charging gun to charge and replenish the energy of electric vehicles.

[0079] Alternatively, the DC bus can be connected to the electric drive system of an electric heavy-duty truck to directly drive the vehicle.

[0080] Furthermore, in the above embodiments, each energy storage module can be equipped with a battery management system (BMS). The BMS is used to monitor the SOC data of the energy storage module in real time and upload it to the main controller. For example, each energy storage module is equipped with an independent BMS, which includes voltage sensors, current sensors, temperature sensors, etc., and is responsible for monitoring the battery voltage, current, temperature, and other state parameters of the energy storage module. By accurately measuring these electrical parameters, the BMS can calculate the SOC data of each energy storage module according to a preset algorithm (Kalman filtering) and transmit this data to the main controller. The main controller undertakes the decision-making and control functions of the energy storage system. The main controller receives the SOC data from each energy storage module through communication interfaces (CAN bus and Ethernet bus).

[0081] The novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system provided by this invention adopts an H-bridge cascade scheme. This energy storage topology can be directly connected to the power grid without the need for a step-up transformer. Compared with low-voltage energy storage systems, it has the following advantages:

[0082] 1. Eliminating the need for a step-up transformer results in higher system circulation efficiency and improved economic efficiency of the energy storage system;

[0083] 2. The cell-free parallel design avoids inter-cluster circulating current, reduces the battery bottleneck effect, and extends the overall lifespan;

[0084] 3. Eliminating the step-up transformer reduces the number of layers in the system, making system connection simpler and reducing the amount of cable used;

[0085] 4. No DC / DC device is required. The DC bus voltage can be adjusted by operating in PWM mode with an electronic switch, resulting in lower costs.

[0086] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system, characterized in that, It includes three sets of energy storage bridge arms, one end of each set of energy storage bridge arms is connected to a common point; the other end of each set of energy storage bridge arms is connected to an AC port and a DC port respectively. The AC port is equipped with an AC contactor, and the DC port is equipped with a DC contactor. The AC port is used to connect to the AC power grid, and the DC port is used to connect to the DC bus. The energy storage bridge arm includes multiple energy storage units arranged in series. Each energy storage unit includes an energy storage module and an H-bridge power module connected to the energy storage module. The H-bridge power module includes four power semiconductor switching components, and the four power semiconductor switching components constitute an H-bridge structure. The H-bridge power module is connected to the main controller. The main controller controls the working state of the power semiconductor switching components in the H-bridge power module and the on / off state of the AC contactor and DC contactor to realize the AC grid-connected charging and discharging operation mode or the DC bus output operation mode.

2. The novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The AC port is also equipped with an AC reactor connected in series with the AC contactor, and the AC reactor is used to connect to the AC power grid; the DC port is also equipped with a DC reactor connected in series with the DC contactor, and the DC reactor is used to connect to the DC bus.

3. The novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The other end of the energy storage bridge arm is connected to an AC / DC multiplexed reactor, and the AC port and DC port are respectively connected to the AC / DC multiplexed reactor.

4. The novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The other end of the energy storage bridge arm is connected to an AC / DC multi-tap reactor, and the AC port and DC port are respectively connected to different taps of the AC / DC multi-tap reactor.

5. The novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The AC / DC multi-tap reactor includes a first tap, an intermediate tap, and an end tap. The intermediate tap is connected to a DC contactor installed on the DC port, and the end tap is connected to an AC contactor installed on the AC port.

6. The novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the DC ports is equipped with a DC contactor connected to a DC switch group, which includes several DC switches arranged in parallel, and the several DC switches are used to connect to different DC buses.

7. The novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The common point is connected to the negative terminal of the DC bus via a DC contactor, and the DC port is connected to the positive terminal of the DC bus via a DC contactor.

8. The novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The DC bus is used to connect a DC charging gun, an electric heavy truck drive system, or a DC / DC device.

9. A control method for a novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system, applied to the novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: AC grid-connected charging and discharging operation mode and DC bus output operation mode; AC grid-connected charging and discharging operation mode: The DC contactor controlling all DC port settings and the AC contactor at the common point for connecting the DC bus are disconnected. The AC contactor controlling all AC port settings closes, connecting to the AC power grid; Control the operating state of each power semiconductor switching component in the H-bridge power module to achieve charging and discharging operation control; DC bus output operating mode: The AC contactor controlling all AC port settings is disconnected; The DC contactor controlling all DC port settings and the AC contactor at the common point for connecting the DC bus close, connecting the DC bus. Control the operating state of each power semiconductor switching component in the H-bridge power module to achieve half-bridge operation and PWM operation mode control; The DC bus outputs DC power to supply power to DC equipment.

10. The control method for the novel multifunctional H-bridge cascaded mobile energy storage system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The DC bus outputs DC power to supply power to DC equipment, including: The DC bus is connected to the DC charging gun to charge and replenish the energy of electric vehicles. Alternatively, the DC bus can be connected to the electric drive system of an electric heavy-duty truck to directly drive the vehicle.

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