A method and system for controlling electrical loads of a marine genset

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of ship power system, and particularly relates to a ship generator set power load control method and system, the method comprising the following steps: collecting a total power load signal of a ship; processing the total power load signal to obtain basic load information and instantaneous disturbance information, wherein the basic load information is obtained by smoothing processing the total power load signal, and the instantaneous disturbance information is obtained by the difference between the total power load signal and the basic load information; based on the basic load information, making a start-stop decision of a generator set, and based on the instantaneous disturbance information, making a power fine adjustment of an online generator set; through the technical scheme, the present application can effectively distinguish the basic load and the instantaneous disturbance in the total power load of the ship, and adopt different control strategies accordingly, thereby avoiding the frequent start-stop or inefficient operation problem caused by the complex load characteristics in the traditional method.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of ship power systems, in particular to a ship generator set power load control method and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] In modern ship power systems, generator sets are the core power source, and the effectiveness of their power load control is directly related to the safety and efficiency of ship navigation. Traditional power management systems usually rely on preset load thresholds to control the start-stop and load distribution of generator sets. However, in actual navigation, especially when the ship carries a large number of intermittent high-power loads (such as refrigeration containers), the composition of the total power load of the ship becomes complex, showing the characteristics of stable basic load and a large number of randomly appearing, short-duration but high-peak load spikes.

[0003] The control logic of existing technologies has significant defects when faced with such complex load characteristics. If the system strictly controls according to the total power load threshold, it may misjudge short-term load spikes as persistent growth, leading to frequent start-stop of the generator set, causing fuel waste and accelerating the wear of key equipment such as the starting motor and circuit breaker. Conversely, to avoid frequent start-stop, manually starting the generator set for long-term online operation will lead to long-term low-load operation of the generator set. When diesel generators operate at low load, incomplete combustion produces a large amount of carbon deposits, exacerbating wear and tear, and causing oil deterioration, causing irreversible damage to the diesel engine and significantly increasing maintenance costs. Therefore, existing ship generator set power load control methods cannot effectively distinguish between the basic part and the transient disturbance part of the total power load of the ship, thus failing to strike a balance between avoiding frequent start-stop of the generator set and ensuring its healthy and efficient operation.

[0004] In view of the above problems, existing technologies need to be improved. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to solve the problems existing in the prior art and provide a ship generator set power load control method and system.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a ship generator set power load control method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Collecting a total power load signal of the ship;

[0008] Processing the total power load signal to obtain basic load information and transient disturbance information, wherein the basic load information is obtained by smoothing the total power load signal, and the transient disturbance information is obtained by the difference between the total power load signal and the basic load information;

[0009] Based on the basic load information, a start-stop decision of the generator set is made, and based on the instantaneous disturbance information, power fine-tuning of the online generator set is made.

[0010] Through the technical solution, the application can effectively distinguish the basic load and the instantaneous disturbance in the total power load of the ship, and adopt different control strategies accordingly, thereby avoiding the frequent start-stop or inefficient operation problem caused by the complex load characteristics in the traditional method, and realizing the healthy and efficient operation of the generator set.

[0011] The core innovation of the application lies in introducing a fine decomposition mechanism for the total power load signal of the ship. By smoothing the total power load signal, the method can accurately separate the "basic load information" reflecting the long-term and stable power demand trend of the ship, and through difference operation, accurately extract the "instantaneous disturbance information" reflecting the short-term and rapid change. This dual information extraction mechanism is the key difference between the application and the prior art.

[0012] In a second aspect, a ship generator set power load control system is provided, which comprises:

[0013] The acquisition module is configured to acquire a total power load signal of the ship.

[0014] The processing module is configured to process the total power load signal to obtain basic load information and instantaneous disturbance information, wherein the basic load information is obtained by smoothing the total power load signal, and the instantaneous disturbance information is obtained by the difference between the total power load signal and the basic load information.

[0015] The start-stop decision module is configured to make a start-stop decision of the generator set based on the basic load information.

[0016] The power fine-tuning module is configured to make power fine-tuning of the online generator set based on the instantaneous disturbance information.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] By acquiring the total power load signal of the ship and processing it to separate the basic load information and the instantaneous disturbance information, the fine identification of the ship power load is realized. Specifically, the method obtains the basic load information by smoothing the total power load signal, and obtains the instantaneous disturbance information by calculating the difference between the total power load signal and the basic load information, thereby effectively distinguishing the stable and continuous basic load and the random and short-duration but high-peak instantaneous load spikes in the ship power system.

[0019] Based on the accurate load decomposition, the application can make targeted start-stop decisions of the generator set and power fine-tuning of the online generator set. For the basic load information, the system makes start-stop decisions of the generator set, avoids frequent start-stop caused by misjudgment of short-term load peaks as persistent growth in the traditional method, and significantly reduces fuel consumption and wear of key devices such as starting motor and circuit breaker. For the transient disturbance information, the system makes power fine-tuning of the online generator set, ensures that the generator set can timely and accurately adjust the power output when responding to rapidly changing loads, avoids power grid instability caused by insufficient power, and avoids long-term low-load operation of multiple generator sets to respond to transient peaks, thereby effectively solving the problems of insufficient combustion, carbon deposition, wear aggravation, and engine oil deterioration of diesel generators running at low load, and greatly reducing maintenance costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 A method flowchart of the application.

[0021] Figure 2 A system structure schematic diagram of the application.

[0022] In the figure: 201, acquisition module; 202, processing module; 203, start-stop decision module; 204, power fine-tuning module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The embodiments of the application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference signs represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the application, and cannot be understood as a limitation of the application.

[0024] The terms "first", "second" are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of the application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0025] As Figure 1 shown in one kind of ship generator set electric power load control method, the method comprises the following steps:

[0026] S101, acquire the total electric power load signal of the ship;

[0027] This step is the basis of the entire control method. Specifically, it can be achieved by installing high-precision power sensors at the ship's main distribution board or main load circuit. For example, Hall effect current sensors and voltage sensors can be used, and the collected analog signals are converted into digital signals through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and transmitted to the central processing unit at a preset sampling frequency (e.g. 100 times per second). As another implementation, digitalized total power load data can also be obtained directly through a smart meter or power monitoring unit, which usually contains parameters such as instantaneous power, current, voltage, etc., and is transmitted through industrial Ethernet or serial communication interface.

[0028] S102, processing the total power load signal to obtain basic load information and instantaneous disturbance information, wherein the basic load information is obtained by smoothing the total power load signal, and the instantaneous disturbance information is obtained by the difference between the total power load signal and the basic load information;

[0029] Specifically, in order to obtain the "basic load information", the total power load signal can be smoothed. For example, a simple moving average filter can be used, and the average value of the total power load signal in the past period (e.g. 5 minutes) is taken as the current basic load information. Another implementation is to use the exponential weighted moving average (EWMA) algorithm, which gives higher weight to recent data, so as to more sensitively reflect the slow changing trend of the basic load. After obtaining the basic load information, the "instantaneous disturbance information" can be obtained by the difference between the total power load signal and the basic load information. For example, in each sampling period, the total power load signal at the current time is subtracted from the currently calculated basic load information, and the difference is taken as the instantaneous disturbance information. As an alternative, the total power load signal can also be processed through a high-pass filter to directly filter out the low-frequency basic load component, thereby obtaining the high-frequency instantaneous disturbance information.

[0030] S103, based on the basic load information, making start-stop decisions for the generator set, and based on the instantaneous disturbance information, making online power fine-tuning for the generator set.

[0031] The ship generator set power load control method disclosed in the present application aims to optimize the operation efficiency and stability of the ship power system. The method is usually deployed in the ship's power management system or energy management system, and is realized through the computer system integrated in the ship's central control room or the dedicated embedded controller.

[0032] In particular, the "total power load signal" refers to the real-time data of the overall power consumption of the ship collected by sensors such as current transformers and voltage transformers in the ship's power system, which reflects the total power demand of all electrical equipment on the ship. This signal is usually collected in the form of analog or digital quantities and transmitted periodically to the processing unit. The "base load information" refers to the load component extracted from the total power load signal of the ship, which reflects the long-term and stable power demand of the ship. It represents the basic power consumption of the ship in normal navigation or berthing state, such as lighting, navigation equipment, living facilities and other persistent loads. The "transient disturbance information" refers to the remaining load component after deducting the base load information from the total power load signal of the ship, which reflects the short-term and rapid change of the load. These disturbances are usually caused by the instantaneous start-up or shutdown of large intermittent loads such as cranes, pumps, refrigeration compressors, propeller variable pitch, etc., and are characterized by fast change speed, short duration but high peak value. "Smoothing" is a data processing technique aimed at eliminating high-frequency noise and transient fluctuations in the signal and extracting the long-term trend or low-frequency component of the signal. In power load control, smoothing can be used to separate the base load information from the original total power load signal. The "start-stop decision of generator set" refers to the process of deciding whether to start the standby generator set or shut down the online generator set according to the change of the power demand of the ship. Reasonable start-stop decision can avoid frequent start-stop of the generator set, reduce fuel consumption and equipment wear and tear. The "power fine-tuning of online generator set" refers to small-scale and rapid adjustment of the power output of the currently running generator set to respond to transient load changes and maintain the stability of the power grid frequency and voltage.

[0033] The method first acquires the real-time overall power demand data of the ship by "collecting the total power load signal of the ship". These raw signals contain the slow changes of the base load and the rapid fluctuations of the transient disturbance. Then, the collected signals are processed by "smoothing" technology to filter out the high-frequency transient fluctuations in the total power load signal, thereby accurately extracting the "base load information" reflecting the long-term and stable power demand trend of the ship. At the same time, by subtracting the extracted base load information from the original total power load signal, the "transient disturbance information" can be accurately separated, which represents the short-term and rapid load peaks or drops caused by the start-stop of large equipment in the ship's power system.

[0034] Thus, the method decomposes the complex load control problem into two relatively independent but interrelated sub-problems. On the one hand, "based on the basic load information, make start-stop decision of the generator set". This means that the start or stop of the generator set is no longer subject to instantaneous and short load peaks, but is judged according to the long-term and stable power demand trend of the ship. For example, only when the basic load information continues to rise and reaches a certain level, it is judged that the standby generator set needs to be started, thereby effectively avoiding frequent start-stop caused by instantaneous load fluctuation, significantly reducing fuel consumption and equipment wear and tear. On the other hand, "based on the instantaneous disturbance information, make online power fine tuning of the generator set". This means that for those fast and short load changes, the system can quickly identify and make small power adjustments to the currently online running generator set to quickly respond to load changes and maintain the stability of the power grid frequency and voltage. This fine-tuning mechanism avoids unnecessary start-stop of the generator set, while ensuring the continuity and quality of power supply.

[0035] In summary, by decomposing the total power load signal into basic load information and instantaneous disturbance information, and making start-stop decision and power fine tuning respectively, the method realizes fine and intelligent control of the ship generator set. The basic load information is used for macro resource allocation to ensure that the generator set operates within a reasonable load range and avoids inefficiency and excessive wear and tear; the instantaneous disturbance information is used for micro dynamic response to ensure grid stability and respond to sudden load shocks. This cooperative control mechanism enables the generator set to operate more healthily and efficiently, significantly improving the overall performance and reliability of the ship power system.

[0036] As an embodiment of the present application, before making start-stop decision of the generator set based on the basic load information, the method further comprises the following steps:

[0037] When the basic load information continues to rise and exceeds the preset start threshold, perform load property judgment;

[0038] The load property judgment includes:

[0039] Send a power increase instruction to the currently online running generator set, so that the online running generator set increases the power output by a preset amplitude within a preset time;

[0040] Monitor the frequency change of the ship power grid during the power increase of the generator set;

[0041] According to the frequency change, judge whether the rise of the basic load information is caused by real basic load growth;

[0042] If the judgment is that the real base load growth causes, start the standby generator set, if the judgment is not real base load growth caused by the start of standby generator set, and make the power output of the generator set running back.

[0043] Specifically, when the base load information is detected to continue to rise, and its value exceeds the preset starting threshold, the system does not immediately start the standby generator set, but triggers a load property judgment process. Among them, "continuous rise" can be understood as the base load information presents a stable growth trend within a certain time window, rather than a short-term fluctuation; "preset starting threshold" is a load level preset according to the design capacity of the ship power system, the rated power of the generator set and the safety margin, etc. When the base load reaches or exceeds this threshold, it usually means that the power generation capacity needs to be increased.

[0044] In the load property judgment process, the power increase instruction is first sent to the currently online running generator set. The instruction aims to make the online running generator set increase a preset amplitude of power output within a preset time, for example, several seconds to tens of seconds. The purpose of this is to test the response of the ship power grid to the current load change by actively increasing the power generation. For example, the preset amplitude can be 5% to 10% of the rated power of the current online generator set, and the preset time can be 5 seconds.

[0045] During the power increase of the generator set, the frequency change of the ship power grid is continuously monitored. The grid frequency is a key indicator to measure the load and power balance of the power system. When the load increases and the power generation is insufficient, the frequency will decrease; on the contrary, when the power generation is excessive, the frequency will rise. By monitoring the frequency change, the real demand of the current base load can be indirectly reflected. Then, according to the monitored frequency change, it is judged whether the increase of the base load information is caused by the real base load growth. Specifically, if the online generator set increases the power output, and the frequency of the ship power grid continues to decline or only slightly rebounds, it usually indicates that the actual base load of the ship is indeed growing, and the existing power generation capacity is insufficient to meet the demand. On the contrary, if the frequency of the ship power grid quickly rebounds and stabilizes in the normal range, or even rises after the online generator set increases the power output, it may indicate that the previous increase of the base load information is not caused by the real and continuous load growth, but may be caused by transient load fluctuations, measurement noise or temporary adjustment within the system.

[0046] The scheme of the present application effectively solves the misjudgment problem that may be caused by the start-stop decision only relying on the smoothed basic load information. When the basic load information reaches the starting threshold, the system no longer blindly starts the standby generator set, but sends a power increase instruction to the online generator set and monitors the grid frequency response caused thereby to verify the authenticity of the load growth. If the frequency response shows that the existing power generation capacity is still insufficient to maintain the stability of the power grid, it is confirmed that it is a real load growth, so the standby generator set is started. Otherwise, if the frequency response shows that the existing power generation capacity is sufficient, unnecessary starting is avoided. This "tentative" verification method makes the start-stop decision of the generator set more accurate and reliable.

[0047] In a specific embodiment, assuming that the total power load signal of the ship is smoothed, the basic load information continues to rise and exceeds the preset starting threshold at a certain time, for example, from 500 kW to 650 kW, and the starting threshold is set to 600 kW. At this time, the system will not immediately start the standby generator set. Instead, the system will send a power increase instruction to the two currently online generator sets, for example, each generator set increases the power output by 50 kW within 5 seconds, and the total increase is 100 kW.

[0048] During this period, the system continuously monitors the frequency of the ship power grid. Scenario one: if the online generator set increases the power output by 100 kW, the frequency of the ship power grid continues to decrease from 59.8 Hz to 59.5 Hz, or only slightly rises and then decreases again. This indicates that even if the power generation is increased, the actual load demand is still greater than the supply, i.e., the increase in the basic load is real. In this case, the system will judge that it is caused by real basic load growth and immediately start a standby generator set to operate in parallel to meet the increasing power demand.

[0049] Scenario two: if the online generator set increases the power output by 100 kW, the frequency of the ship power grid quickly rises from 59.8 Hz to 60.0 Hz and remains stable, or even slightly increases. This indicates that the increased power of the online generator set is sufficient to cope with the current basic load rise, or the previous load rise is not a sustained real increase. In this case, the system will judge that it is caused by non-real basic load growth, will not start the standby generator set, and will make the power output of the online generator set fall to the level before the increase, avoiding unnecessary waste of resources.

[0050] As an embodiment of the present application, the step of processing the total power load signal to obtain the basic load information and the instantaneous disturbance information includes:

[0051] continuously monitoring the fluctuation amplitude of the total power load signal within a preset reference time window;

[0052] When the fluctuation amplitude exceeds the preset threshold, the time window of the smoothing processing is extended, and when the fluctuation amplitude is lower than the preset threshold, the time window of the smoothing processing is shortened;

[0053] The total power load signal is smoothed based on the time window of the smoothing processing to obtain basic load information;

[0054] The difference between the latest acquired total power load signal and the basic load information is calculated to obtain instantaneous disturbance information.

[0055] Specifically, continuous monitoring means that the system acquires the total power load signal in real time or at a preset sampling frequency during operation, and calculates the fluctuation amplitude of the total power load signal in a preset reference time window. The fluctuation amplitude can be understood as the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value, the standard deviation, the average absolute deviation, etc. of the signal in a certain time period, and its purpose is to quantify the activity or instability of the current load signal. The preset reference time window is an initially set time length, which is used to preliminarily evaluate the short-term dynamic characteristics of the load signal. When the monitored fluctuation amplitude exceeds the preset threshold, it indicates that there is a large instantaneous change or noise in the current load signal. At this time, in order to more effectively filter out these instantaneous disturbances and obtain more stable basic load information, the time window of the smoothing processing will be extended. On the contrary, when the fluctuation amplitude is lower than the preset threshold, it indicates that the load signal is relatively stable, and at this time, in order to improve the response speed to the change of the basic load, the time window of the smoothing processing will be shortened. This dynamic adjustment mechanism ensures the adaptability of the smoothing processing, so that it can be optimized according to the dynamic characteristics of the actual load. In practical application, the smoothing processing can be realized by using various algorithms, such as moving average filtering, exponential smoothing filtering, Kalman filtering, etc. The selected smoothing algorithm will operate based on the dynamically adjusted time window to process the original total power load signal, so as to effectively separate the smooth component representing the long-term or trend power demand of the ship, i.e. the basic load information. Therefore, by subtracting the basic load information obtained by smoothing processing from the latest collected total power load signal, the instantaneous disturbance information can be accurately extracted. The instantaneous disturbance information reflects the rapid, short-time or sudden load change superimposed on the basic load, such as instantaneous start or stop of large equipment, starting current impact of electric motor, etc.

[0056] The scheme of the present application solves the limitation of the traditional fixed smoothing window in processing variable load characteristics by introducing continuous monitoring of the fluctuation amplitude of the total power load signal and dynamically adjusting the time window of smoothing according to the monitoring results. Specifically, when the load fluctuates violently, extending the smoothing time window can more effectively suppress transient noise and short-term disturbances, making the extracted basic load information more stable and accurate, avoiding misjudgment of basic load changes due to transient fluctuations, and providing a more reliable basis for the start-stop decision of the generator set. On the contrary, when the load fluctuation is small, shortening the smoothing time window can improve the response speed of the system to the slow changes of the basic load, reduce the information lag, and make the basic load information more timely reflect the actual power demand trend. Thus, by adaptively adjusting the smoothing strength, the basic load information can effectively filter out noise and timely reflect the real load changes, while the transient disturbance information can more purely reflect the real transient event, providing more accurate input for subsequent power fine-tuning.

[0057] As an embodiment of the present application, the step of performing online power fine-tuning of the generator set based on the transient disturbance information includes:

[0058] Performing dynamic characteristic analysis on the transient disturbance information to identify load components with different dynamic response characteristics in the transient disturbance information;

[0059] According to the identified load components with different dynamic response characteristics, determining differentiated power fine-tuning instructions;

[0060] According to the differentiated power fine-tuning instructions, performing power fine-tuning on the online generator set.

[0061] Specifically, the dynamic characteristic analysis of the transient disturbance information refers to in-depth analysis of multiple dimensions of the transient disturbance signal, such as waveform, rate of change, duration, frequency components, and the like, to reveal its inherent dynamic response characteristics. The purpose is to distinguish transient disturbances caused by different types of loads, for example, to distinguish transient disturbances caused by different events such as large motor starting, lighting load switching, short-term impact load, or power grid failure. Through this analysis, load components with different dynamic response characteristics contained in the transient disturbance information can be identified, such as identifying fast-rising loads, pulse loads, and sustained fluctuation loads. Among them, according to the identified load components with different dynamic response characteristics, the differentiated power fine-tuning instructions can be determined, which can be understood as generating a customized power adjustment strategy that matches the dynamic characteristics for each identified load component type. For example, for fast-rising loads, a faster and larger power response may be required; for sustained fluctuation loads, a more gradual and sustained power adjustment may be required; and for short-term impact loads, a large instantaneous power output may be required to maintain system stability, followed by a rapid drop. These differentiated instructions aim to ensure that the response of the generator set can accurately adapt to load changes, avoiding excessive or insufficient adjustments.

[0062] In practical applications, power fine-tuning of online generator sets according to differentiated power fine-tuning instructions specifically refers to applying the above customized power adjustment strategy to the currently online running generator set. For example, the fuel supply amount, excitation current, or governor set point of the generator set can be adjusted according to the instructions to achieve accurate power output adjustment. This fine-tuning is dynamic and real-time, aiming to quickly respond to transient load changes and maintain the frequency and voltage stability of the ship power grid.

[0063] The scheme of the present application overcomes the limitations of traditional methods in handling complex and variable transient loads by introducing the step of dynamic characteristic analysis of transient disturbance information. It is precisely because of the detailed dynamic characteristic analysis of the transient disturbance information that the system can identify the load components with different dynamic response characteristics contained therein. This identification capability is the key to achieving precise control, as it allows the system to no longer treat all transient disturbances indiscriminately, but can distinguish their sources and properties. On this basis, for each identified load component, the system can determine and issue differentiated power fine-tuning instructions. The generation of such differentiated instructions ensures that the power output adjustment of the generator set can be highly matched with the actual load change requirements, avoiding unnecessary overshoot or lag. Ultimately, through the execution of these differentiated power fine-tuning instructions, the power output of the online generator set is accurately adjusted, effectively responding to the complex changes of transient loads.

[0064] As an embodiment of the present application, the step of performing dynamic characteristic analysis on the transient disturbance information to identify load components with different dynamic response characteristics in the transient disturbance information comprises:

[0065] identifying transient change events in the transient disturbance information;

[0066] extracting multi-dimensional transient feature parameters of each identified transient change event within a preset time window, the multi-dimensional transient feature parameters including power change rate, power rise slope, power drop slope, and power change duration;

[0067] classifying the transient change events according to the multi-dimensional transient feature parameters to identify load components with different dynamic response characteristics in the transient disturbance information.

[0068] Specifically, identifying transient change events means detecting moments or intervals of significant and rapid changes in power values in the transient disturbance information through real-time monitoring and analysis. These changes may manifest as sudden increases, decreases, or dramatic fluctuations in power, usually corresponding to the switching on, switching off, or changes in operating state of large loads in the ship power grid. For example, a power change threshold and a duration threshold can be set to determine the occurrence of a transient change event. When the transient disturbance information exceeds the preset power change threshold within a short period of time, it is identified as a transient change event.

[0069] Further, for each identified transient change event, multi-dimensional transient feature parameters within a preset time window need to be extracted. The preset time window can be flexibly set according to actual application scenarios and load characteristics, for example, it can be set as a fixed period of time before and after the occurrence of the transient change event, or dynamically adjusted according to the duration of the event. The multi-dimensional transient feature parameters aim to comprehensively characterize the dynamic characteristics of the transient change event, including power change rate, power rise slope, power drop slope, and power change duration. Among them, the power change rate can be understood as the magnitude of power change per unit time, reflecting the severity of load change; the power rise slope and the power drop slope describe the change trend and speed of the power rise and fall process respectively, which are important for distinguishing between impact loads and gradual loads; the power change duration represents the length of time from the start to the end of the transient change event, which helps to judge the nature and scale of load change. The extraction of these parameters can be achieved through mathematical methods such as differentiation, regression analysis, or curve fitting on the transient disturbance information.

[0070] According to the multi-dimensional transient characteristic parameters, the transient change events can be classified to identify the load components with different dynamic response characteristics in the transient disturbance information. The purpose of classification is to classify the transient change events with similar transient characteristics into a category, so as to identify different load types, such as large motor starting, pump load switching, heating device putting into operation, etc. Each load type usually corresponds to a specific dynamic response characteristic, for example, an impact load may exhibit a high power change rate and a short duration, while a gradual load may exhibit a lower power change rate and a longer duration. The classification method can use machine learning algorithms such as support vector machine (SVM), decision tree, clustering algorithm (such as K-means), or rule-based expert system, by comparing the extracted feature parameters with the preset feature ranges of various load components to match. In this way, various load components and their dynamic characteristics contained in the transient disturbance information can be accurately identified.

[0071] The scheme of the present application can deconstruct the transient disturbance part in the complex total power load signal into a series of discrete transient change events through detailed dynamic characteristic analysis of the transient disturbance information. By extracting multi-dimensional transient characteristic parameters such as power change rate, power rise slope, power drop slope and power change duration for each transient change event, the dynamic behavior of these events can be quantified and described from multiple dimensions. It is precisely because these multi-dimensional characteristic parameters can comprehensively reflect the unique transient response exhibited by different load types when they are put into operation or removed that the subsequent classification step can effectively classify these transient change events into load components with different dynamic response characteristics. This refined identification mechanism lays the foundation for subsequent determination of differentiated power fine-tuning instructions for different load components, thereby ensuring that the generator set can respond accurately and efficiently to various transient load changes.

[0072] As an embodiment of the present application, the step of classifying the transient change events according to the multi-dimensional transient characteristic parameters to identify the load components with different dynamic response characteristics in the transient disturbance information comprises:

[0073] Comparing each type of parameter in the multi-dimensional transient characteristic parameters with the feature range of each type of load component determined in advance;

[0074] According to the comparison result, determining the load component type to which the transient change event belongs, to identify the load components with different dynamic response characteristics in the transient disturbance information.

[0075] Specifically, the multi-dimensional transient characteristic parameters include power change rate, power ramp-up slope, power ramp-down slope, and power change duration. The characteristic range of each type of load component refers to the typical value range or pattern of the above-mentioned multi-dimensional transient characteristic parameters, which is determined in advance through historical data analysis or experimental testing for each type of typical load (e.g., large motor start, heating device startup, pump switching, etc.) that may occur in the ship power system. For example, when a large motor starts, its power change rate and power ramp-up slope will usually be very large, but the power change duration will be relatively short; when a heater is turned on, the power change rate may be small, but the power change duration may be long. The comparison process can use various matching algorithms, such as rule-based logical judgment, fuzzy matching, or machine learning classifiers, to evaluate the degree of matching between the multi-dimensional transient characteristic parameters extracted from the current transient change event and the characteristic ranges of each type of load component.

[0076] wherein determining the load component type to which the transient change event belongs according to the comparison result means that when the multi-dimensional transient characteristic parameters of a transient change event are highly matched with the characteristic range of a certain preset load component, the event is classified as the load component type. For example, if the power change rate and power ramp-up slope of a certain transient change event fall within the characteristic range of "large motor start", and the power change duration conforms to its typical value, then the event is identified as a large motor start load. Through this classification mechanism based on feature matching, the complex fluctuations in the transient disturbance information can be decomposed into identifiable load components with specific dynamic response characteristics.

[0077] The scheme of the present application can accurately identify different load components in the transient disturbance information by systematically comparing the multi-dimensional transient characteristic parameters of the transient change event with the pre-established characteristic ranges of each type of load component. Specifically, each type of load will produce a unique transient response in the ship total power load signal when it is connected or disconnected, and these responses can be quantified by multi-dimensional transient characteristic parameters such as power change rate, power ramp-up slope, power ramp-down slope, and power change duration. By pre-defining the typical ranges of these characteristic parameters under different load types, the system can match the characteristic parameters of the real-time monitored transient change event with these pre-set ranges. When the matching degree reaches a certain level, it can be determined which type of load caused the transient change event. This classification mechanism based on feature matching enables the system to accurately separate load components with different dynamic response characteristics from complex transient disturbances, providing accurate basis for subsequent differentiated power fine-tuning.

[0078] As an embodiment of the present application, when the identified load component does not match the preset load component type, the step of determining the differentiated power fine-tuning instruction according to the identified load component with different dynamic response characteristics comprises:

[0079] identifying the load component as an unclassified load component;

[0080] generating a power fine-tuning instruction according to the power change rate and the power change duration of the unclassified load component for the unclassified load component;

[0081] monitoring the frequency and voltage of the ship power grid during the execution of the power fine-tuning instruction;

[0082] adjusting the amplitude or duration of the power fine-tuning instruction according to the monitoring results of the frequency and voltage.

[0083] Specifically, after classifying the transient change event through multi-dimensional transient characteristic parameters, if it is found that the event does not belong to any preset known load component type, it is identified as an unclassified load component. For such unclassified load components, the system does not simply ignore or adopt a general strategy, but generates a power fine-tuning instruction based on its most basic dynamic characteristic parameters, i.e. the power change rate and the power change duration. The power change rate reflects the severity of load change, while the power change duration reflects the persistence of load change. Based on these two parameters, the required power compensation amount and duration can be preliminarily estimated. During the execution of the preliminarily generated power fine-tuning instruction, the system will monitor the frequency and voltage of the ship power grid in real time. Frequency and voltage are key indicators of power grid stability, and their fluctuations directly reflect the balance between generator set power output and load demand. In practical applications, monitoring can be completed by dedicated sensors or power monitoring systems, and real-time data is fed back to the control module. Further, according to the monitoring results of the frequency and voltage, the preliminarily generated power fine-tuning instruction can be dynamically adjusted. For example, if a large deviation in frequency or voltage is detected, or the deviation recovers too slowly, it indicates that the preliminary instruction may not be sufficient to effectively respond to the unclassified load, at which point the amplitude of the power fine-tuning instruction can be increased or its duration can be extended accordingly. Conversely, if the frequency and voltage recover quickly and stably, it may indicate that the preliminary instruction is too aggressive, and the amplitude can be appropriately reduced or the duration can be shortened to avoid overcompensation.

[0084] The scheme of the present application effectively makes up for the limitations of traditional classification methods by introducing a recognition and adaptive processing mechanism for unclassified load components. When encountering transient load changes that cannot be accurately classified, the system no longer passively waits or adopts a suboptimal strategy, but can generate a preliminary response based on the basic dynamic characteristics of the load, and dynamically and closed-loop adjust the power fine-tuning instruction through real-time monitoring of the frequency and voltage of the power grid. This adaptive adjustment capability enables the power output of the generator set to more accurately match the actual load demand, ensuring stable operation of the ship power grid even in the face of unknown or abnormal load shocks.

[0085] As an embodiment of the present application, the step of adjusting the amplitude or duration of the power fine-tuning instruction according to the monitoring results of the frequency and voltage comprises:

[0086] According to the monitoring results of the frequency and voltage, the deviation between the frequency and voltage and the preset stable value, and the instantaneous change rate of the deviation are obtained;

[0087] According to the deviation and the instantaneous change rate of the deviation, the adjustment amount of the power fine-tuning instruction is determined, and the adjustment amount is positively correlated with the instantaneous change rate of the deviation;

[0088] The adjustment amount is applied to the amplitude or duration of the power fine-tuning instruction.

[0089] Specifically, the "preset stable value" refers to the ideal target value that the frequency and voltage should maintain in the normal operating state of the ship power grid, for example, the frequency can be set to 50Hz or 60Hz, and the voltage can be set to the rated voltage value. The "deviation" refers to the difference between the currently monitored frequency or voltage value and the respective preset stable value, reflecting the degree of deviation of the power grid operating state from the ideal state. The "instantaneous change rate" refers to the change speed of the frequency or voltage in a very short time, which can be obtained by differencing the continuous sampling data or using a digital filter, and its purpose is to capture the dynamic trend and change intensity of the power grid parameters. The "adjustment amount of the power fine-tuning instruction" is a value used to correct the original power fine-tuning instruction, so that it more accurately adapts to the current power grid state. The "adjustment amount is positively correlated with the instantaneous change rate of the deviation" means that the faster the frequency or voltage deviates from the stable value, the larger the determined adjustment amount, and vice versa. This positive correlation ensures that the system can respond more actively to rapidly changing power grid states. In practical applications, this positive correlation can be realized through linear functions, piecewise functions or more complex nonlinear functions, for example, the adjustment amount can be set as K*(instantaneous change rate of the deviation), where K is a positive proportionality coefficient that can be optimized and set according to system characteristics and control requirements.

[0090] The solution of the present application overcomes the limitation of adjustment based on static deviation by introducing the consideration of the instantaneous rate of change of frequency and voltage deviation. When the frequency or voltage of the ship power grid fluctuates, not only the degree of deviation from the stable value (deviation) is concerned, but more importantly, the trend and speed of such deviation (instantaneous rate of change) is also monitored in real time. It is precisely due to this perception of dynamic trend that the system can predict the future of the power grid state. For example, when the frequency is not only lower than the preset stable value, but also rapidly decreasing, it means that the power grid load may be increasing sharply, requiring more powerful power output. At this time, since the adjustment amount is positively correlated with the instantaneous rate of change of the deviation, the system will generate a larger power fine-tuning instruction adjustment amount, so as to prompt the online generator set to increase the power output faster, so as to quickly offset the impact of load change. This forward-looking adjustment mechanism enables the system to respond more timely and accurately to the dynamic changes of the power grid, avoiding the instability of the power grid that may be caused by response lag.

[0091] As an embodiment of the present application, the determination process of the characteristic range of each load component includes:

[0092] Continuously monitoring the matching degree of the multi-dimensional transient characteristic parameters of the classified instantaneous change event with the preset characteristic range;

[0093] When the matching degree continuously falls below the preset threshold, or when the classified instantaneous change event is frequently identified as an unclassified load component, the update of the characteristic range is triggered;

[0094] After the update is triggered, the multi-dimensional transient characteristic parameters of the recent classified instantaneous change events are collected;

[0095] According to the collected multi-dimensional transient characteristic parameters, the characteristic range is adjusted.

[0096] Specifically, the "feature range of each load component type" refers to the boundary of power variation characteristics used to distinguish different types of transient change events (e.g., large motor start-up, pump load switching, heating device turning on, etc.). These feature ranges are usually defined by multiple transient characteristic parameters such as power change rate, power ramp-up slope, power ramp-down slope, power change duration, etc. The "matching degree" can be understood as the degree of agreement between the actual multi-dimensional transient characteristic parameters of the classified transient change event and the corresponding pre-set feature range, which can be measured by calculating the distance or similarity between the feature vectors. When the actual parameters fall within the pre-set range, the matching degree is higher; otherwise, the matching degree is lower. The "pre-set threshold" is a configurable parameter used to determine whether the matching degree reaches the level required to trigger an update. "Continuous monitoring" means that the system will evaluate each successfully classified transient change event in real time or periodically, comparing its multi-dimensional transient characteristic parameters with the currently used pre-set feature range. "Classified transient change event" refers to those events that have been successfully identified and classified by the system into a specific load component type. The condition for "triggering an update of the feature range" is twofold: first, when the matching degree consistently falls below the pre-set threshold, indicating that the existing feature range may no longer accurately reflect the actual load characteristics; second, when classified transient change events are frequently identified as unclassified load components, suggesting that the existing classification system has blind spots or deficiencies that need to be expanded or adjusted. "Frequent identification" can be determined by counting the proportion or number of unclassified events within a certain time window. After triggering an update, the system will "collect the multi-dimensional transient characteristic parameters of recently classified transient change events". Here, "recently" can be a sliding time window, such as data from the last few hours, days, or hundreds of events, to ensure that the collected data reflects the current latest load characteristics. "Collection" can be storing these data in a temporary database or buffer for subsequent analysis. Finally, "adjust the feature range based on the collected multi-dimensional transient characteristic parameters". Adjustment methods can include but are not limited to: recalculating the feature boundaries of each load component type based on statistical methods (such as mean, standard deviation, cluster analysis, etc.); or retraining the classification model using machine learning algorithms (such as support vector machines, neural networks, etc.), thereby updating its internal feature discrimination logic and reflecting in the adjustment of the feature range. The purpose of adjustment is to make the new feature range more accurately envelope the current actual feature distribution of each load component type, improving the accuracy and robustness of classification.

[0097] The scheme of the present application effectively solves the problem that the preset feature range in the traditional method may be invalid due to changes in load characteristics by introducing a dynamic updating mechanism for the feature range of various load components. Specifically, by continuously monitoring the matching degree of the actual multi-dimensional transient feature parameters of the classified transient change events and the existing preset feature range, the system can perceive the "health status" of the classification model in real time. When the matching degree continues to decrease, indicating that the existing feature range deviates from the actual load behavior, or when the system frequently incorrectly identifies events that should belong to the known category as unclassified load components, both of these cases serve as clear signals that the current feature range is no longer applicable. As a result, the system is triggered to perform an updating operation of the feature range. During the updating process, the system collects the latest feature data of the transient change events that have occurred recently and have been successfully classified, which represents the real dynamic characteristics of the current ship power load. Based on these latest representative data, the original feature range is recalculated or adjusted, thereby ensuring that the classification model can accurately identify and distinguish load components with different dynamic response characteristics at all times. This adaptive updating mechanism enables the entire power load control system to better adapt to the long-term changes and evolution of the ship power load, maintaining high-precision load classification capability.

[0098] As shown in Figure 2 a ship generator set power load control system, the system comprises:

[0099] The acquisition module 201 is configured to acquire a total power load signal of the ship.

[0100] The processing module 202 is configured to process the total power load signal to obtain basic load information and transient disturbance information, wherein the basic load information is obtained by smoothing the total power load signal, and the transient disturbance information is obtained by the difference between the total power load signal and the basic load information.

[0101] The start-stop decision module 203 is configured to make a start-stop decision of the generator set based on the basic load information.

[0102] The power fine-tuning module 204 is configured to perform online power fine-tuning of the generator set based on the transient disturbance information.

[0103] The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application are shown and described above. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions in the specification are only the principles of the present application. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, various changes and improvements can be made to the present application, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed present application.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the electrical load of a ship's generator set, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Collect the ship's total electrical load signal; The total power load signal is processed to obtain basic load information and instantaneous disturbance information. The basic load information is obtained by smoothing the total power load signal, and the instantaneous disturbance information is obtained by the difference between the total power load signal and the basic load information. Based on the basic load information, start-up and shutdown decisions for the generator set are made, and based on the instantaneous disturbance information, online power fine-tuning of the generator set is performed. Before making generator start-up and shutdown decisions based on the aforementioned basic load information, the method further includes the following steps: When the basic load information continues to rise and exceeds the preset start-up threshold, a load nature judgment is performed; The load characteristics determination includes: Send a power increase command to the currently online generator set, so that the online generator set increases its power output by a preset amount within a preset time; Monitor the frequency changes of the ship's power grid during periods of increased generator power; Based on the frequency change, determine whether the increase in the base load information is caused by the actual increase in base load; If the increase is determined to be caused by a genuine increase in base load, the standby generator set will be started. If the increase is determined to be caused by a non-genuine increase in base load, the standby generator set will not be started, and the power output of the online generator set will be reduced. The step of fine-tuning the power of the generator set based on the instantaneous disturbance information includes: Dynamic characteristic analysis is performed on the instantaneous disturbance information to identify load components with different dynamic response characteristics in the instantaneous disturbance information; Based on the identified load components with different dynamic response characteristics, differentiated power fine-tuning commands are determined; The power of the online generator set is fine-tuned according to the differentiated power fine-tuning command.

2. The method for controlling the electrical load of a ship generator set according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of processing the total power load signal to obtain basic load information and instantaneous disturbance information includes: Continuously monitor the fluctuation range of the total power load signal within a preset reference time window; When the fluctuation amplitude exceeds a preset threshold, the smoothing time window is extended; when the fluctuation amplitude is below the preset threshold, the smoothing time window is shortened. The total power load signal is smoothed based on the time window of the smoothing process to obtain the basic load information. The difference between the latest acquired total power load signal and the basic load information is calculated to obtain the instantaneous disturbance information.

3. The method for controlling the electrical load of a ship generator set according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of performing dynamic characteristic analysis on the instantaneous disturbance information to identify load components with different dynamic response characteristics in the instantaneous disturbance information includes: Identify instantaneous change events in the instantaneous disturbance information; For each identified instantaneous change event, its multidimensional transient feature parameters within a preset time window are extracted. The multidimensional transient feature parameters include the power change rate, power rise slope, power fall slope, and power change duration. Based on the multidimensional transient characteristic parameters, the instantaneous change events are classified to identify load components with different dynamic response characteristics in the instantaneous disturbance information.

4. The method for controlling the electrical load of a ship generator set according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of classifying the transient events based on the multidimensional transient feature parameters to identify load components with different dynamic response characteristics in the transient disturbance information includes: Compare the various parameters in the multidimensional transient characteristic parameters with the predetermined characteristic ranges of various load components; Based on the comparison results, the type of load component to which the instantaneous change event belongs is determined, so as to identify load components with different dynamic response characteristics in the instantaneous disturbance information.

5. The method for controlling the electrical load of a ship generator set according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the identified load component does not match the preset load component type, the steps for determining differentiated power fine-tuning commands based on the identified load components with different dynamic response characteristics include: The loaded component was identified as an unclassified loaded component; For the unclassified load components, a power fine-tuning command is generated based on the power change rate and power change duration of the unclassified load components; During the execution of the power fine-tuning command, the frequency and voltage of the ship's electrical network are monitored; Based on the monitoring results of the frequency and voltage, adjust the amplitude or duration of the power fine-tuning command.

6. The method for controlling the electrical load of a ship generator set according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the amplitude or duration of the power fine-tuning command based on the monitoring results of the frequency and voltage includes: Based on the monitoring results of the frequency and voltage, the deviation between the frequency and voltage and the preset stable value, as well as the instantaneous rate of change of the deviation, are obtained; Based on the deviation and the instantaneous rate of change of the deviation, the adjustment amount of the power fine-tuning command is determined, and the adjustment amount is positively correlated with the instantaneous rate of change of the deviation; The adjustment amount is applied to the magnitude or duration of the power fine-tuning command.

7. The method for controlling the electrical load of a ship generator set according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of determining the characteristic ranges of the various loading components includes: Continuously monitor the matching degree between the multidimensional transient feature parameters of classified instantaneous change events and the preset feature range; When the matching degree is consistently lower than a preset threshold, or when the classified instantaneous change event is frequently identified as an unclassified load component, an update to the feature range is triggered. After the update is triggered, collect the multidimensional transient feature parameters of the recently classified transient change events; The feature range is adjusted based on the collected multidimensional transient feature parameters.

8. A power load control system for a ship generator set, used to execute a power load control method for a ship generator set as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The system includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire the ship's total electrical load signal; The processing module is used to process the total power load signal to obtain basic load information and instantaneous disturbance information. The basic load information is obtained by smoothing the total power load signal, and the instantaneous disturbance information is obtained by the difference between the total power load signal and the basic load information. The start / stop decision module is used to make start / stop decisions for the generator set based on the basic load information. The power fine-tuning module is used to perform online power fine-tuning of the generator set based on the instantaneous disturbance information.

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