Photovoltaic frame for solar module

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic frame for a solar module, which comprises an upper frame part and a lower frame part, and is characterized in that the upper frame part comprises a first U-shaped convex edge with a first U-shaped groove, an end part seat and two first side plates connected with the end part seat; the lower frame part comprises a second U-shaped convex edge with a second U-shaped groove, an end plate and two second side plates connected with the end plate. According to the photovoltaic frame, the surface of the photovoltaic laminated part can be cleaned, and dust can be discharged from the dust falling through groove, so that the power generation efficiency is improved. In addition, heat dissipation can be effectively achieved, heat dissipation can be conducted naturally or actively, and therefore the power generation efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar module technology, and more specifically, to a photovoltaic frame for solar modules. Background Technology

[0002] Solar panels are key components in solar power systems, responsible for receiving solar energy and converting it into electrical energy through the photoelectric effect. The photovoltaic frame encapsulates the solar cells, glass, backsheet, and other materials, supporting and protecting the entire panel to ensure stable and safe installation in a suitable location.

[0003] Because solar panels are exposed to the outdoor environment for extended periods, dust and other contaminants easily accumulate on their surfaces. If these contaminants are not removed promptly, they can block sunlight, reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar panels and thus affecting power generation efficiency. Furthermore, solar panels generate heat during operation, especially in hot weather, causing the panel temperature to rise. Existing solar panels often lack active cooling capabilities, leading to a continuous increase in temperature in hot weather. Excessive temperature reduces the power generation efficiency of the solar panels, may accelerate the aging process, and prolonged high-temperature operation can even damage them. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a photovoltaic frame for solar modules.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a photovoltaic frame, comprising an upper frame portion and a lower frame portion, wherein the upper frame portion includes a first U-shaped protrusion with a first U-shaped groove, an end seat, and two first side plates connected to the end seat; and the lower frame portion includes a second U-shaped protrusion with a second U-shaped groove, an end plate, and two second side plates connected to the end plate.

[0006] Furthermore, the upper frame and the lower frame are fixedly connected.

[0007] Furthermore, the first U-shaped protrusion is fixedly connected to the end seat and the two first side plates.

[0008] Furthermore, the second U-shaped convex edge is fixedly connected to the end plate and the two second side plates.

[0009] Furthermore, the first U-shaped groove and the second U-shaped groove are used to accommodate the photovoltaic laminate.

[0010] Furthermore, sealant can be filled between the first U-shaped groove, the second U-shaped groove and the photovoltaic laminate to achieve stable installation of the photovoltaic laminate and waterproof sealing of the photovoltaic laminate.

[0011] Furthermore, the photovoltaic laminate includes tempered glass, a first EVA adhesive layer, a solar cell, a second EVA adhesive layer, and a backsheet.

[0012] Furthermore, the first side plate has a first strip-shaped mounting block with a first bolt hole, and the second side plate has a second strip-shaped mounting block with a second bolt hole. The two first strip-shaped mounting blocks and the two second strip-shaped mounting blocks correspond one-to-one, and the corresponding first strip-shaped mounting blocks and second strip-shaped mounting blocks are fixedly connected by bolts and nuts.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a heat-conducting unit. The upper frame portion has a first channel with an L-shaped cross-section, a strip-shaped air outlet groove, a strip-shaped second channel communicating with the first channel, multiple connecting holes communicating with the second channel and the strip-shaped air outlet groove, and multiple mounting channels communicating with the second channel. A fan unit is installed in the mounting channel. The heat-conducting unit includes a heat-conducting plate, a first movable seat connected to the heat-conducting plate via a first connecting plate, an insertion tube connected to the first movable seat via a movable plate and capable of being inserted into the first channel, and a second movable seat connected to the heat-conducting plate via a second connecting plate. The movable plate has multiple through holes, and the insertion tube has strip-shaped side holes. The end seat has a first mounting groove, in which a first electric telescopic rod with a movable end connected to the movable plate is installed. The end plate is fixedly connected to a strip-shaped mounting plate, and the strip-shaped mounting plate is equipped with a second electric telescopic rod with a movable end connected to the second movable seat.

[0014] Furthermore, the end plate has an air outlet groove.

[0015] Furthermore, the lower frame portion has a dust collection channel.

[0016] Furthermore, the photovoltaic frame can be in a cleaning state and a heat dissipation state. In the cleaning state, the heat-conducting plate abuts against the back plate of the photovoltaic laminate, the fan unit is turned on, the strip-shaped side hole is connected to the second channel, and the first movable seat closes the strip-shaped air outlet groove. In the heat dissipation state, there is a gap between the heat-conducting plate and the back plate of the photovoltaic laminate, and this gap is connected to the strip-shaped air outlet groove. The fan unit is turned on, and the insertion tube closes the second channel.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a control box, which contains a control unit and a wireless communication unit.

[0018] Furthermore, a temperature sensor is also installed on the upper frame portion.

[0019] Furthermore, the temperature sensor is used to detect the ambient temperature.

[0020] This allows us to determine whether active cooling is needed based on the temperature sensor readings.

[0021] Furthermore, the end of the ash discharge chute facing the end seat has a larger opening, while the end away from the end seat has a smaller opening.

[0022] Furthermore, the second U-shaped groove is connected to the ash discharge channel.

[0023] The shape of the dust collection channel not only facilitates the installation of photovoltaic laminates but also allows dust to fall off the surface of the photovoltaic laminates.

[0024] Furthermore, one end of the first channel is located on the lower surface of the end seat, and the other end is located at the first U-shaped protrusion.

[0025] Furthermore, it also includes a clamping unit; the second movable seat has a hinged seat, and the clamping unit includes a rotating seat hinged to the hinged seat, an arc-shaped clamping plate connected to the rotating seat, and an insert block connected to the arc-shaped clamping plate, the arc-shaped clamping plate being able to abut against the heat-conducting plate; the first movable seat has an insertion hole into which the insert block is inserted, the end of the insert block has an abutting arc surface, and the end seat has a receiving groove; in the cleaning state, the abutting arc surface abuts against the end seat; in the heat dissipation state, the abutting arc surface is located within the receiving groove.

[0026] Furthermore, there are two clamping units; two insertion holes; and two receiving grooves.

[0027] Furthermore, the first connecting plate has a second mounting groove, in which a vibration sensor is installed; the heat-conducting unit has two sealing plates, which are fixedly connected to the first connecting plate and the first movable seat. In the cleaning state, a detection space is formed between the first connecting plate and the two sealing plates. The upper frame has an L-shaped detection channel, one end of which is connected to the strip-shaped air outlet groove, and the other end is connected to the detection space.

[0028] Furthermore, in the cleaning state, the space between the back plate of the photovoltaic laminate, the first connecting plate, and the two sealing plates forms a detection space.

[0029] Furthermore, the closing plate has a stepped portion that can abut against the first U-shaped protruding edge.

[0030] This allows for a better seal between the sealing plate and the first U-shaped convex edge. This seal does not need to be completely airtight; it only needs to avoid large gaps.

[0031] Furthermore, the width of the detection channel is less than one-fifth of the width of the first channel.

[0032] The detection airflow does not need to be large; it only needs to be sufficient to vibrate the heat-conducting plate, which may not be in close contact with the photovoltaic laminate backsheet. Furthermore, since the detection space is largely enclosed, the airflow setting will not degrade the cleaning effect when the heat-conducting plate is in good contact with the photovoltaic laminate backsheet.

[0033] Furthermore, there are two first mounting grooves; there are two first electric telescopic rods and two second electric telescopic rods.

[0034] Furthermore, the receiving groove has a transition slope that can be abutted by the abutting arc surface.

[0035] Furthermore, the angle between the transition slope and the side of the receiving groove is between 135 and 160 degrees.

[0036] This causes the insert to be pressed towards the end plate, and the arc-shaped clamping plate allows the heat-conducting plate to better press against the back plate of the photovoltaic laminate.

[0037] Furthermore, the first movable seat has two insertion holes, and the clamping unit has two.

[0038] Furthermore, the end plate has a limiting slide rail, and the second movable seat has a limiting slide groove that cooperates with the limiting slide rail.

[0039] Furthermore, the heat-conducting plate has multiple heat dissipation fins.

[0040] Furthermore, the number of connecting holes is equal to the number of mounting channels and they correspond one-to-one, with each mounting channel facing one connecting hole.

[0041] Furthermore, a filter unit is installed at the bottom of the installation channel.

[0042] This prevents debris from entering the installation channel.

[0043] Furthermore, the number of through holes is equal to the number of mounting channels and they correspond one-to-one, with each through hole facing one mounting channel.

[0044] Furthermore, multiple installation channels are arranged in a row with equal spacing.

[0045] Furthermore, multiple connecting holes are arranged in a row with equal spacing.

[0046] Furthermore, multiple through holes are arranged in a row with equal spacing.

[0047] Beneficial effects: 1. The photovoltaic frame of this application can clean the surface of the photovoltaic laminate, and the dust can be discharged from the dust discharge channel, thereby improving the power generation efficiency.

[0048] 2. The photovoltaic frame of this application can effectively dissipate heat, either naturally or actively, thereby improving power generation efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the cleanup status; Figure 2 This is a magnified view of region A; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the heat dissipation process; Figure 4 This is a magnified view of region B. Figure 5 This is a first-person perspective diagram of component separation. Figure 6 This is a magnified view of region C; Figure 7 This is a magnified view of region D; Figure 8 This is a magnified view of region E. Figure 9 This is a second-view diagram illustrating the separation of components. Figure 10 This is a magnified view of region F; Figure 11 This is a magnified view of region G; Figure 12 This is a magnified view of region H; Figure 13 This is a magnified view of region I; Figure 14 Cross-sectional view in the cleaned state; Figure 15 This is a magnified view of region J. Figure 16 A cross-sectional view showing the cooling process. Figure 17 This is a magnified view of region K.

[0050] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1.1 First U-shaped protrusion; 1.2 End seat; 1.2.1 First mounting groove; 1.2.2 Receiving groove; 1.2.3 Transition slope; 1.3 First side plate; 1.4 First strip mounting block; 1.5 First channel; 1.6 Strip air outlet groove; 1.7 Connecting hole; 1.8 Mounting channel; 1.8.1 Filter unit; 1.9 Detection channel; 1.10 Second channel; 2.1 Second U-shaped protrusion; 2.2 End plate; 2.2.1 Air outlet groove; 2.2.2 Limiting slide rail; 2.3 Second side plate; 2.4 Second strip mounting block; Strip mounting plate 2.5; Second electric telescopic rod 2.6; Ash discharge channel 2.7; Photovoltaic laminate 3; Heat-conducting plate 4.1; Heat dissipation fins 4.1.1; First connecting plate 4.2; Second mounting groove 4.2.1; First movable seat 4.3; Insertion hole 4.3.1; Movable plate 4.4; Through hole 4.4.1; Insertion tube 4.5; Strip side hole 4.5.1; Second connecting plate 4.6; Second movable seat 4.7; Limiting slide groove 4.7.1; Sealing plate 4.8; Hinge seat 5; Rotating seat 6.1; Arc-shaped abutment plate 6.2; Insert block 6.3; Abutment arc surface 6.3.1; Vibration sensor 7. Detailed Implementation

[0051] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0052] This invention provides a photovoltaic frame for a solar module, as shown in the figure, comprising an upper frame portion and a lower frame portion fixedly connected to the upper frame portion. The upper frame portion includes a first U-shaped protrusion 1.1 with a first U-shaped groove, an end seat 1.2, and two first side plates 1.3 connected to the end seat 1.2. The first U-shaped protrusion 1.1 is fixedly connected to the end seat 1.2 and the two first side plates 1.3. The lower frame portion includes a second U-shaped protrusion 2.1 with a second U-shaped groove, an end plate 2.2, and two second side plates 2.3 connected to the end plate 2.2. The second U-shaped protrusion 2.1 is fixedly connected to the end plate 2.2 and the two second side plates 2.3. The first U-shaped groove and the second U-shaped groove are used to accommodate photovoltaic laminates 3. The first side plate 1.3 has a first strip-shaped mounting block 1.4 with a first bolt hole, and the second side plate 2.3 has a second strip-shaped mounting block 2.4 with a second bolt hole. The two first strip-shaped mounting blocks 1.4 and the two second strip-shaped mounting blocks 2.4 correspond one-to-one, and the corresponding first strip-shaped mounting blocks 1.4 and second strip-shaped mounting blocks 2.4 are fixedly connected by bolts and nuts.

[0053] The photovoltaic frame also includes a heat-conducting unit. The upper frame has an L-shaped first channel 1.5, a strip-shaped air outlet groove 1.6, a strip-shaped second channel 1.10 communicating with the first channel 1.5, multiple connecting holes 1.7 connecting the second channel 1.10 and the strip-shaped air outlet groove 1.6, and multiple mounting channels 1.8 communicating with the second channel 1.10. A fan unit is installed in the mounting channel 1.8. The heat-conducting unit includes a heat-conducting plate 4.1, a first movable seat 4.3 connected to the heat-conducting plate 4.1 via a first connecting plate 4.2, an insertion tube 4.5 connected to the first movable seat 4.3 via a movable plate 4.4 and capable of being inserted into the first channel 1.5, and a second movable seat 4.7 connected to the heat-conducting plate 4.1 via a second connecting plate 4.6. The movable plate 4.4 has multiple through holes 4.4.1, and the insertion tube 4.5 has a strip-shaped side hole 4.5.1. The end seat 1.2 has a first The first mounting groove 1.2.1 houses a first electric telescopic rod with a movable end connected to a movable plate 4.4. A strip mounting plate 2.5 is fixedly connected to the end plate 2.2, and a second electric telescopic rod 2.6 with a movable end connected to a second movable seat 4.7 is mounted on the strip mounting plate 2.5. The end plate 2.2 has an air outlet groove 2.2.1, and the lower frame has a dust collection groove 2.7. The photovoltaic frame can be in a cleaning state and a heat dissipation state. In the cleaning state, the heat-conducting plate 4.1 abuts against the back plate of the photovoltaic laminate 3, the fan unit is turned on, the strip side hole 4.5.1 communicates with the second channel 1.10, and the first movable seat 4.3 closes the strip air outlet groove 1.6. In the heat dissipation state, there is a gap between the heat-conducting plate 4.1 and the back plate of the photovoltaic laminate 3, and the strip air outlet groove 1.6 communicates with the gap. The fan unit is turned on, and the insertion tube 4.5 closes the second channel 1.10. The photovoltaic frame also includes a clamping unit; the second movable seat 4.7 has a hinge seat 5, and the clamping unit includes a rotating seat 6.1 hinged to the hinge seat 5, an arc-shaped clamping plate 6.2 connected to the rotating seat 6.1, and an insert block 6.3 connected to the arc-shaped clamping plate 6.2. The arc-shaped clamping plate 6.2 can abut against the heat-conducting plate 4.1; the first movable seat 4.3 has an insertion hole 4.3.1 into which the insert block 6.3 is inserted, and the end of the insert block 6.3 has an abutting arc surface 6.3.1. The end seat 1.2 has a receiving groove 1.2.2; in the cleaning state, the abutting arc surface 6.3.1 abuts against the end seat 1.2; in the heat dissipation state, the abutting arc surface 6.3.1 is located in the receiving groove 1.2.2.The first connecting plate 4.2 has a second mounting groove 4.2.1, and a vibration sensor 7 is installed in the second mounting groove 4.2.1; the heat conduction unit has two sealing plates 4.8, which are fixedly connected to the first connecting plate 4.2 and the first movable seat 4.3. In the cleaning state, a detection space is formed between the first connecting plate 4.2 and the two sealing plates 4.8. The upper frame has an L-shaped detection channel 1.9, one end of which is connected to the strip-shaped air outlet groove 1.6, and the other end is connected to the detection space.

[0054] Two first mounting grooves 1.2.1 are provided; two first electric telescopic rods and two second electric telescopic rods 2.6 are provided. The receiving groove 1.2.2 has a transition slope 1.2.3 that can be abutted by the abutting arc surface 6.3.1; the included angle between the transition slope 1.2.3 and the side of the receiving groove 1.2.2 is between 135 and 160 degrees. Two insertion holes 4.3.1 are provided at the first movable seat 4.3, and two abutting units are provided; a limiting slide rail 2.2.2 is provided at the end plate 2.2, and a limiting groove 4.7.1 that mates with the limiting slide rail 2.2.2 is provided at the second movable seat 4.7. The heat-conducting plate 4.1 has multiple heat dissipation fins 4.1.1; the number of connecting holes 1.7 is equal to the number of mounting channels 1.8 and they correspond one-to-one, with each mounting channel 1.8 facing one connecting hole 1.7; a filter unit 1.8.1 is installed at the bottom of the mounting channel 1.8; the number of through holes 4.4.1 is equal to the number of mounting channels 1.8 and they correspond one-to-one, with each through hole 4.4.1 facing one mounting channel 1.8.

[0055] Working principle: The photovoltaic frame of this application has an upper frame part and a lower frame part, so that the photovoltaic laminate can be installed between the first U-shaped groove and the second U-shaped groove, and the first strip mounting block and the second strip mounting block can be fixedly connected by bolts and nuts.

[0056] Furthermore, the photovoltaic frame of this application can be in a cleaning state and a heat dissipation state. In the cleaning state, the cooling fan is turned on, and the strip-shaped air outlet groove is closed by the first movable seat. The airflow generated by the fan unit originates from the installation channel, passes through the second channel, the strip-shaped side hole, the insertion tube, and the first channel, thereby blowing and cleaning the surface of the photovoltaic laminate, and dust can be discharged from the dust collection channel. At this time, the heat-conducting plate abuts against the back plate of the photovoltaic laminate, thereby achieving natural heat dissipation (the fan unit is not turned on during natural heat dissipation only). The heat-conducting plate achieves better heat conduction and dissipation for the photovoltaic laminate. At this time, the abutting arc surface of the insertion block abuts against the first movable seat, thereby squeezing the arc-shaped clamping plate, which can achieve better clamping of the heat-conducting plate, allowing the heat-conducting plate to better abut against the back plate of the photovoltaic laminate, thereby achieving better heat conduction for the photovoltaic laminate. At this time, a portion of the airflow generated by the fan unit passes through the detection channel and enters the detection space. If the heat-conducting plate and the backplate of the photovoltaic laminate are tightly pressed together, the airflow entering the testing space has nowhere to go and will not cause vibration of the heat-conducting unit. If the heat-conducting plate and the backplate of the photovoltaic laminate are not tightly pressed together, the airflow will pass through the gap between the heat-conducting plate and the backplate of the photovoltaic laminate, and the heat-conducting plate will vibrate or shake under the action of the airflow, which will be detected by the vibration sensor. In addition, during the test, the fan speed can be adjusted to vary, thereby determining whether the arc-shaped clamping plate is properly clamping the heat-conducting plate based on the signal from the vibration sensor.

[0057] When efficient heat dissipation is required, the device can be in heat dissipation mode with the fan on. In this mode, the second channel is sealed by the insertion tube, causing the airflow generated by the fan unit to exit through the strip-shaped exhaust groove (partially exiting through the detection channel). The airflow then passes through the space between the heat-conducting plate and the photovoltaic laminate backplate, exiting through the exhaust groove. This achieves air-cooling of the photovoltaic laminate, resulting in better heat dissipation. The cleaning mode can be performed periodically, while the heat dissipation mode is activated based on temperature sensor measurements.

[0058] Although the present invention has been illustrated and described with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic frame for a solar module, characterized in that, The device includes an upper frame portion and a lower frame portion. The upper frame portion includes a first U-shaped protrusion with a first U-shaped groove, an end seat, and two first side plates connected to the end seat. The lower frame portion includes a second U-shaped protrusion with a second U-shaped groove, an end plate, and two second side plates connected to the end plate.

2. The photovoltaic frame for solar modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first side plate has a first strip-shaped mounting block with a first bolt hole, and the second side plate has a second strip-shaped mounting block with a second bolt hole. The two first strip-shaped mounting blocks and the two second strip-shaped mounting blocks correspond one-to-one, and the corresponding first strip-shaped mounting blocks and second strip-shaped mounting blocks are fixedly connected by bolts and nuts.

3. The photovoltaic frame for solar modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a heat-conducting unit, and the upper frame has a first channel with an L-shaped cross section, a strip-shaped air outlet groove, a strip-shaped second channel communicating with the first channel, multiple connecting holes communicating with the second channel and the strip-shaped air outlet groove, and multiple mounting channels communicating with the second channel. A fan unit is installed in the mounting channel. The heat-conducting unit includes a heat-conducting plate, a first movable seat connected to the heat-conducting plate via a first connecting plate, an insertion tube connected to the first movable seat via a movable plate and capable of being inserted into a first channel, and a second movable seat connected to the heat-conducting plate via a second connecting plate. The movable plate has multiple through holes, and the insertion tube has a strip-shaped side hole. The end seat has a first mounting groove, in which a first electric telescopic rod with a movable end connected to the movable plate is installed. The end plate is fixedly connected to a strip-shaped mounting plate, and the strip-shaped mounting plate is equipped with a second electric telescopic rod with a movable end connected to the second movable seat. The end plate has an air outlet groove, and the lower frame has a dust collection groove. The photovoltaic frame can be in a cleaning state and a heat dissipation state. In the cleaning state, the heat-conducting plate abuts against the back plate of the photovoltaic laminate, the fan unit is turned on, the strip-shaped side hole communicates with the second channel, and the first movable seat closes the strip-shaped air outlet groove. In the heat dissipation state, there is a gap between the heat-conducting plate and the back plate of the photovoltaic laminate, and this gap communicates with the strip-shaped air outlet groove. The fan unit is turned on, and the insertion tube closes the second channel.

4. The photovoltaic frame for solar modules according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a clamping unit; the second movable seat has a hinge seat, and the clamping unit includes a rotating seat hinged to the hinge seat, an arc-shaped clamping plate connected to the rotating seat, and an insert block connected to the arc-shaped clamping plate. The arc-shaped clamping plate can abut against the heat-conducting plate; the first movable seat has an insertion hole into which the insert block is inserted, the end of the insert block has an abutting arc surface, and the end seat has a receiving groove; in the cleaning state, the abutting arc surface abuts against the end seat; in the heat dissipation state, the abutting arc surface is located in the receiving groove.

5. The photovoltaic frame for solar modules according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first connecting plate has a second mounting groove, in which a vibration sensor is installed; the heat conduction unit has two sealing plates, which are fixedly connected to the first connecting plate and the first movable seat. In the cleaning state, a detection space is formed between the first connecting plate and the two sealing plates. The upper frame has an L-shaped detection channel, one end of which is connected to the strip-shaped air outlet groove, and the other end is connected to the detection space.

6. The photovoltaic frame for solar modules according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first mounting groove has two sections; the first electric telescopic rod and the second electric telescopic rod have two sections.

7. The photovoltaic frame for solar modules according to claim 4, characterized in that, The receiving groove has a transition slope that can be abutted by the abutting arc surface; the included angle between the transition slope and the side of the receiving groove is between 135 and 160 degrees.

8. The photovoltaic frame for solar modules according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first movable seat has two insertion holes, and the clamping unit has two; the end plate has a limiting slide rail, and the second movable seat has a limiting slide groove that cooperates with the limiting slide rail.

9. The photovoltaic frame for solar modules according to claim 3, characterized in that, The heat-conducting plate has multiple heat dissipation fins; the number of connecting holes is equal to the number of mounting channels and they correspond one-to-one, with each mounting channel facing one connecting hole; a filter unit is installed at the bottom of each mounting channel; the number of through holes is equal to the number of mounting channels and they correspond one-to-one, with each through hole facing one mounting channel.

10. The photovoltaic frame for solar modules according to claim 3, characterized in that, Multiple installation channels are arranged in a row with equal spacing; multiple connecting holes are arranged in a row with equal spacing; multiple through holes are arranged in a row with equal spacing.

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