Brittle material surface gradient micro-nano structure multidirectional cutting tool and machining method
By using a four-sided pyramidal tool to remove material in four directions, a triaxial compressive stress field is formed, which solves the problems of microcracks and tool damage in the processing of brittle materials, and realizes high-quality micro-nano structure processing and flexible gradient control.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511192328.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-04
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies are prone to microcracks and tool damage when processing micro- and nanostructures on brittle materials, resulting in low processing flexibility and efficiency, and making it difficult to form high-quality micro- and nanostructure arrays.
A multi-directional cutting tool with a thicker material support behind its four-sided pyramidal cutting edge is used to remove material in four directions, forming a triaxial compressive stress field. Combined with the coordinated operation of a slow-tool servo system and the machine tool's rotary axis, flexible control of micro-nano structures can be achieved.
It improves tool strength, reduces impact loads in the machining of brittle materials, enables high-quality micro/nano structure machining and flexible gradient changes, and reduces machining costs and errors.
Smart Images
Figure CN120885718A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of testing equipment technology, and in particular to a multi-directional cutting tool and processing method for gradient micro / nano structures on the surface of brittle materials. Background Technology
[0002] In existing technologies, etching micro- and nano-structures on brittle materials generally involves first cleaning and fixing the sample, then using a femtosecond laser to perform layered scanning of the structural contour to form a modified layer inside the brittle material; subsequently, immersing the sample in a high-temperature etching solution to selectively remove the modified area, and finally obtaining the micro- and nano-structures through ion beam etching.
[0003] Brittle materials are prone to developing microcracks during cutting. These cracks propagate and converge rapidly, causing the material to be removed in the form of fragmentation and spalling. Irregular chips, pits, and microcracks are left on the machined edges and surfaces, making it difficult to form high-quality micro / nano structure arrays. Furthermore, the cutting process of brittle materials is accompanied by instantaneous material fragmentation, which generates intermittent impact loads on the tool edge, easily leading to tool damage. Existing tools can only remove material in one direction, limiting processing flexibility, resulting in high processing costs, low efficiency, and an inability to precisely control the shape of the machined micro / nano structures. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-directional cutting tool and machining method for gradient micro / nano structures on the surface of brittle materials. The tool uses a four-sided pyramidal cutting edge with a thicker supporting material behind the cutting edge, which can improve the tool strength and resist the impact load in the machining of brittle materials. It can remove material in four directions. The four-sided pyramidal cutting edge forms a triaxial compressive stress field below the cutting zone, which can achieve high-quality machining of brittle materials. This cutting method can achieve flexible control of the gradient changes of micro / nano structures.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a multi-directional cutting tool and machining method for gradient micro / nano structures on the surface of brittle materials, comprising the following steps: S1. Mount the brittle material workpiece and the cutting tool on the machine tool's rotary axis and tool post, respectively; S2. Start the slow tool servo system, preset the scribing trajectory, and scribing a rotary radial groove array on the end face of the brittle material workpiece with ultra-precision scribing; S3. Turn off the slow tool servo system, start the machine tool rotary axis to make the brittle material workpiece rotate at high speed, preset the tool turning marks, and perform ultra-precision turning of the annular groove array on the end face of the brittle material workpiece.
[0006] Preferably, the operation before ultra-precision scribing in S2 is as follows: adjust the tool position so that the projection of the tool tip on the end face of the brittle material workpiece coincides with the center of the end face of the brittle material workpiece. With the horizontal plane where the center of the end face of the brittle material workpiece is located as the reference, set the X-axis and Y-axis on the horizontal surface, and set the Z-axis perpendicular to the X-axis and Y-axis. The X-axis is parallel to the end face of the brittle material workpiece, and the Y-axis is perpendicular to the end face of the brittle material workpiece.
[0007] Preferably, the specific operation steps in S2 are as follows: Lock the rotation axis of the brittle material workpiece, move the tool to perform an ultra-precision engraving to create a groove, and record the position of the tool in the Y-axis direction at this time as the machining zero point; After rotating the brittle material workpiece's rotating shaft clockwise or counterclockwise by α° and locking it, the tool is used to perform ultra-precision engraving on the end face of the brittle material workpiece along the engraving trajectory to create a secondary groove. Repeat the above steps until the brittle material workpiece's rotating axis rotates to 180°, at which point the machining process ends and a rotary radial groove array is obtained.
[0008] Preferably, before turning in S3, the tool needs to be returned to the machining zero point along the Y-axis.
[0009] Preferably, the specific operation steps in S3 are as follows: The brittle material workpiece rotates at high speed, and the cutting tool performs ultra-precision turning on the outer side of the end face of the brittle material workpiece. When the brittle material workpiece rotates once, a ring groove is formed by turning. The cutting tool moves along a preset turning path from the outside of the brittle material workpiece in the X-axis direction until the tip of the cutting tool coincides with the center of the end face of the brittle material workpiece. The rotation of the brittle material workpiece, combined with the feed of the cutting tool, forms an array of annular grooves on the end face of the brittle material workpiece. The array of annular grooves and the rotating radial groove array intersect each other to form a gradient micro-nano structure functional surface on the end face of the brittle material workpiece.
[0010] This invention provides a multi-directional cutting tool for gradient micro / nano structures on brittle material surfaces, applied in the aforementioned multi-directional cutting method for gradient micro / nano structures on brittle material surfaces. The tool includes a shank and a cutting tip, which are fixedly connected. The shank is a cuboid structure, and the cutting tip is a quadrangular pyramid shape. The cutting tip includes four rake faces and four cutting edges. The four cutting edges are of the same length and intersect at a point. The connecting lines between two adjacent cutting edges and the cutting tip and shank form a rake face.
[0011] Therefore, the present invention employs the above-mentioned multi-directional cutting tool and processing method for brittle material surface gradient micro / nano structure, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) The support material behind the cutting edge of the four-sided pyramid tool is thicker, which can improve the strength of the tool and resist the impact load in the machining of brittle materials. It can remove material in four directions. The four-sided pyramid tool forms a triaxial compressive stress field below the cutting zone, which can realize high-quality machining of brittle materials. (2) This cutting method can achieve flexible control of gradient changes in micro and nano structures.
[0012] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description
[0013] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a multi-directional cutting tool with a gradient micro / nano structure on the surface of brittle materials according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-directional cutting process for gradient micro / nano structures on the surface of brittle materials, according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-directional cutting method for processing gradient micro-nano structures on the surface of brittle materials according to the present invention.
[0014] Figure Labels 1. Cutting tool; 101. Cutting edge; 102. Rake face; 103. Tool holder; 2. Brittle material workpiece; 3. Machine tool rotating shaft; 4. Tool post. Detailed Implementation
[0015] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0016] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.
[0017] Example 1 like Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides a multi-directional cutting tool 1 with gradient micro / nano structure on the surface of brittle materials, including a tool holder 103 and a tool tip. The tool holder 103 and the tool tip are fixedly connected. The tool holder 103 has a cuboid structure and the tool tip has a quadrangular pyramid shape. The tool tip includes four rake faces 102 and four cutting edges 101. The four cutting edges 101 have the same length and intersect at a point. The connecting line between two adjacent cutting edges 101 and the tool tip and tool holder 103 forms a rake face 102.
[0018] During the cutting process, the rake face 102 of the four-sided pyramidal tool 1 compresses the brittle material, forming a triaxial compressive stress field (hydrostatic pressure state) below the cutting zone. This significantly increases the critical fracture stress of the brittle material, inhibits the initiation of microcracks, and enables high-quality machining of brittle materials. Furthermore, the four-sided pyramidal tool 1 has high structural strength, resisting impact loads during machining of brittle materials and reducing damage to the cutting edge caused by material fragmentation. This four-sided pyramidal tool 1 can remove material in four directions, improving machining flexibility and reducing the need for frequent tool adjustments, thus minimizing errors caused by tool adjustments.
[0019] This invention provides a multi-directional cutting tool 1 for gradient micro / nano structures on the surface of brittle materials and a machining method thereof. The method employs the aforementioned four-sided pyramidal tool 1 and includes the following steps: S1. Install the brittle material workpiece 2 and the cutting tool 1 on the machine tool rotary axis 3 and the tool post 4 respectively; S2. Start the slow tool servo system, preset the scribing trajectory, and scribing a rotary radial groove array on the two end faces of the brittle material workpiece with ultra-precision scribing; The operation before ultra-precision marking is as follows: Adjust the position of the tool 1 so that the projection of the vertex of the tool 1 on the end face of the brittle material workpiece 2 coincides with the center of the end face of the brittle material workpiece 2. With the horizontal plane where the center of the end face of the brittle material workpiece is located as the reference, set the X-axis and Y-axis on the horizontal surface, and the Z-axis is perpendicular to the X-axis and Y-axis. The X-axis is parallel to the end face of the brittle material workpiece 2, and the Y-axis is perpendicular to the end face of the brittle material workpiece 2.
[0020] The specific operating steps are as follows: like Figure 2 As shown in (a), lock the rotation axis of the brittle material workpiece 2, move the tool 1 to perform one ultra-precision engraving to make a groove. At this time, the rake face 102 of the square pyramid tool 1 in the positive X-axis direction is the working rake face 102 of the X-axis. Record the position of the tool 1 in the Y-axis direction at this time as the machining zero point. like Figure 2 As shown in (b), after rotating the brittle material workpiece 2 clockwise or counterclockwise by α° and locking it, the tool 1 performs ultra-precision engraving on the end face of the brittle material workpiece 2 along the engraving trajectory to create a secondary groove. Repeat the above steps until the brittle material workpiece 2 rotates to 180°, and the machining is completed to obtain a rotary radial groove array.
[0021] S3. Turn off the slow tool servo system, start the machine tool rotary axis 3 to make the brittle material workpiece 2 rotate at high speed, preset the turning marks of the tool 1, and make an array of annular grooves on the end face of the brittle material workpiece 2 with ultra-precision turning. Before turning, tool 1 should be returned to the machining zero point along the Y-axis to ensure that the turning and marking depths are consistent.
[0022] The specific operating steps are as follows: like Figure 2 As shown in (c), the brittle material workpiece 2 rotates at high speed, and the tool 1 performs ultra-precision turning on the outer side of the end face of the brittle material workpiece 2. At this time, the rake face 102 of the square pyramid tool 1 in the positive direction of the Z-axis is the working rake face 102 of the Z-axis. The brittle material workpiece 2 rotates once and turns to form a ring groove. like Figure 2 As shown in (d), the tool 1 feeds along the preset turning trajectory from the outside of the brittle material workpiece 2 in the X-axis direction until the apex of the tool 1 coincides with the center of the end face of the brittle material workpiece 2. The brittle material workpiece 2 rotates and forms an annular groove array on the end face of the brittle material workpiece 2 in combination with the feed of the tool 1. The annular groove array and the rotary radial groove array intersect each other to form a gradient micro-nano structure functional surface on the end face of the brittle material workpiece 2.
[0023] like Figure 3 As shown, where Figure 3 (a) and Figure 3 Image (b) shows the top and three-dimensional views of the micro / nano structure functional surface fabricated as the feed speed gradually decreases. Figure 3 (c) and Figure 3 (d) in the figure represents the top view and three-dimensional view of the micro-nano structure functional surface processed by gradually increasing the feed motion speed. By adjusting the feed speed of the four-sided pyramidal tool 1 in the X-axis direction and the rotation speed of the machine tool's rotating axis 3, the gradient change of the micro-nano structure can be flexibly controlled.
[0024] Therefore, the present invention employs a multi-directional cutting tool and processing method for brittle material surface gradient micro-nano structure. The use of a four-sided pyramidal tool with a thicker supporting material behind the cutting edge can improve the tool strength and resist the impact load in the processing of brittle materials. Material can be removed in four directions. The four-sided pyramidal tool forms a triaxial compressive stress field below the cutting zone, which can achieve high-quality processing of brittle materials. This cutting method can achieve flexible control of the gradient change of micro-nano structure.
[0025] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for multi-directional machining of gradient micro / nano structures on the surface of brittle materials, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Mount the brittle material workpiece and the cutting tool on the machine tool's rotary axis and tool post, respectively; S2. Start the slow tool servo system, preset the scribing trajectory, and scribing a rotary radial groove array on the end face of the brittle material workpiece with ultra-precision scribing; S3. Turn off the slow tool servo system, start the machine tool rotary axis to make the brittle material workpiece rotate at high speed, preset the tool turning marks, and perform ultra-precision turning of the annular groove array on the end face of the brittle material workpiece.
2. The multi-directional cutting method for gradient micro / nano structures on the surface of brittle materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operation before ultra-precision engraving in S2 is as follows: Adjust the tool position so that the projection of the tool tip on the end face of the brittle material workpiece coincides with the center of the end face of the brittle material workpiece. With the horizontal plane where the center of the end face of the brittle material workpiece is located as the reference, set the X-axis and Y-axis on the horizontal surface, and the Z-axis is perpendicular to the X-axis and Y-axis. The X-axis is parallel to the end face of the brittle material workpiece, and the Y-axis is perpendicular to the end face of the brittle material workpiece.
3. The multi-directional cutting method for gradient micro / nano structures on the surface of brittle materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific operation steps in S2 are as follows: Lock the rotation axis of the brittle material workpiece, move the tool to perform an ultra-precision engraving to create a groove, and record the position of the tool in the Y-axis direction at this time as the machining zero point; After rotating the brittle material workpiece's rotating shaft clockwise or counterclockwise by α° and locking it, the tool is used to perform ultra-precision engraving on the end face of the brittle material workpiece along the engraving trajectory to create a secondary groove. Repeat the above steps until the brittle material workpiece's rotating axis rotates to 180°, at which point the machining process ends and a rotary radial groove array is obtained.
4. The multi-directional cutting method for gradient micro / nano structures on the surface of brittle materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: Before turning in S3, the tool needs to be returned to the machining zero point along the Y-axis.
5. The multi-directional cutting method for gradient micro / nano structures on the surface of brittle materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific operation steps in S3 are as follows: The brittle material workpiece rotates at high speed, and the cutting tool performs ultra-precision turning on the outer side of the end face of the brittle material workpiece. When the brittle material workpiece rotates once, a ring groove is formed by turning. The cutting tool moves along a preset turning path from the outside of the brittle material workpiece in the X-axis direction until the tip of the cutting tool coincides with the center of the end face of the brittle material workpiece. The rotation of the brittle material workpiece, combined with the feed of the cutting tool, forms an array of annular grooves on the end face of the brittle material workpiece. The array of annular grooves and the rotating radial groove array intersect each other to form a gradient micro-nano structure functional surface on the end face of the brittle material workpiece.
6. A multi-directional cutting tool for brittle material surface gradient micro / nano structures, applied in the multi-directional cutting method for brittle material surface gradient micro / nano structures as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: It includes a handle and a tip, which are fixedly connected. The handle is a cuboid structure, and the tip is a square pyramid shape. The tip includes four rake faces and four cutting edges. The four cutting edges are of the same length and intersect at a point. The connecting lines between two adjacent cutting edges and the tip and handle form a rake face.