Microorganism competitive symbiosis regulation and control method after agricultural waste returning to field

Abstract

The invention discloses a microbial competitive symbiosis regulation and control method after agricultural waste returning. The method comprises the following steps: classifying, screening and crushing agricultural wastes, mixing according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio, and adding a composite mineral additive for pretreatment; collecting a sample from soil with a good returning effect, screening and culturing a specific microbial strain to prepare a microbial agent; and finally, returning the pretreated waste and the microbial inoculum to the field, performing shallow ploughing and mixing, regulating environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity in different stages, and regularly detecting and finely adjusting soil parameters. Embodiments show that the method can improve the waste decomposition efficiency, optimize the microbial community structure, accurately regulate and control the soil environment, and improve the soil fertility and the crop yield. The digital management system realizes intelligent and precise regulation and control, provides an effective scheme for agricultural waste returning and microbial regulation and control, and has a good application prospect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of microbial competition and symbiosis regulation after agricultural waste is returned to the field, and specifically to a method for regulating microbial competition and symbiosis after agricultural waste is returned to the field. BACKGROUND

[0002] Reasonable treatment and utilization of agricultural waste has been an important issue for sustainable agricultural development. A large amount of agricultural waste such as straw and livestock manure, if not properly disposed of, will not only cause resource waste, but also cause environmental pollution. Returning agricultural waste to the field is a common and effective treatment method, which can increase soil organic matter content, improve soil structure, and improve soil fertility.

[0003] After the agricultural waste is returned to the field, the growth and metabolism of microorganisms in the soil are complex. Different types of microorganisms have competition and symbiotic relationships, which are influenced by many factors. If the competition and symbiotic relationship between microorganisms cannot be effectively regulated, it may lead to slow decomposition of waste, low soil nutrient conversion efficiency, and even the breeding of some harmful microorganisms, affecting the growth and development of crops.

[0004] At present, the existing methods for returning agricultural waste to the field mostly focus on simple returning operation, and lack of systematicness and pertinence in regulating the competition and symbiotic relationship of soil microorganisms. Traditional methods often cannot accurately regulate the community structure and function of microorganisms, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of waste returning under different soil conditions and crop demands. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a method for regulating microbial competition and symbiosis after agricultural waste is returned to the field, to solve the problems raised in the background.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solution: a method for regulating microbial competition and symbiosis after agricultural waste is returned to the field, comprising the following steps: The waste pretreatment step: the collected agricultural waste is classified and screened to remove impurities mixed therein; then according to the type and characteristics of the waste, a specific crushing process is used to crush it to a particle size of 0.5-5mm to increase the contact area between microorganisms and waste; then the crushed agricultural waste is mixed with nitrogen-rich materials according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20-35:1, and 0.1%-0.5% of a composite mineral additive is added to the total mass of the mixture, the composite mineral additive is composed of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc trace elements in a specific ratio, and the components are fully integrated by stirring uniformly; Microbial agent preparation step: Collect samples from soil with good effect of returning agricultural waste, use selective medium for enrichment culture, screen out various microbial strains with high degradation capacity and good symbiotic cooperation, including but not limited to specific strains of bacillus, pseudomonas and trichoderma; The selected microbial strains are respectively expanded and cultured, then mixed according to a specific ratio, bacillus: Pseudomonas: Trichoderma = 3-5: 2 or 4: 1-3, add protective agent and carrier, and prepare microbial agent with viable count not less than 1×1010CFU / g; Returning and regulating step: After the crops are harvested, the pretreated agricultural waste is uniformly applied to the field, and the application amount is 1000-3000 kg per mu; Then the prepared microbial agent is uniformly applied on the surface of the waste at a dosage of 5-15 kg per mu, and then shallow plowing is carried out, so that the waste and microbial agent are fully mixed with the soil, and the mixing depth is 10-20 cm; Within 1-2 weeks after returning, the soil humidity is kept at 40%-60%, and the temperature is kept at 20-30℃, so as to promote the rapid growth of microorganisms and the preliminary decomposition of waste; In the 3rd-4th week, the soil humidity is adjusted to 30%-40% through irrigation and ventilation, and the temperature is adjusted to 25-35℃, so as to induce the formation of specific competitive symbiotic relationship among microorganisms and enhance the decomposition capacity of microorganisms to refractory components in waste; The microbial community structure, enzyme activity and nutrient content in the soil are detected regularly, and the soil environmental parameters are fine tuned according to the detection results, so as to maintain the best competitive symbiotic state of microorganisms.

[0007] Further, in the waste pretreatment step, the classification and screening process uses automatic screening equipment, which accurately identifies and removes stones and plastic impurities in agricultural waste by combining image recognition technology and weight sensor; For different types of agricultural waste, such as straw, rice husk and corn cob, targeted crushing equipment and process are used; For example, for straw waste, a double-shaft shearing crusher is used, which is crushed to a particle size of 0.5-2mm by adjusting the blade spacing and rotating speed; For rice husk, a hammer crusher is used, and the particle size after crushing is controlled to be 1-3mm; For corn cob, a toothed roll crusher is used to obtain particles with a particle size of 2-5mm; The ratio of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc trace elements in the composite mineral additive is 5:3:1:1, which is made into a powder with a particle size of less than 100 mesh through special high-temperature calcination and grinding process, so as to ensure uniform dispersion in the mixture and provide stable and sufficient mineral nutrients for microorganisms, promote the metabolism and growth of microorganisms.

[0008] Further, in the microbial inoculant preparation step, when screening microbial strains from soil samples, a variety of selective media are used; for Bacillus, a nutrient broth medium is used with the addition of a specific antibiotic, penicillin, at a concentration of 50 μg / mL to inhibit the growth of other bacteria and promote the enrichment of Bacillus; for Pseudomonas, a medium with a specific carbon source, sodium gluconate, at a concentration of 10 g / L as the sole carbon source is used to selectively culture Pseudomonas; for Trichoderma, a potato glucose agar medium is used with the addition of streptomycin at a concentration of 100 μg / mL to screen Trichoderma; during the expansion culture process, different culture conditions are used for different strains; Bacillus is cultured at a temperature of 30°C and a shaking speed of 180 r / min for 24-36 hours; Pseudomonas is cultured at a temperature of 28°C and a shaking speed of 200 r / min for 36-48 hours; Trichoderma is cultured at a temperature of 25°C and an illumination intensity of 1000-2000 lux for 48-72 hours; through these optimized screening and culture conditions, high-activity and high-purity target microbial strains are ensured.

[0009] Further, in the field application and regulation step, shallow plowing is performed using agricultural machinery with special plow tools, the angle and depth of the plow share of which can be flexibly adjusted according to the soil texture and distribution of waste; in loose soil, the plow share angle is set to 30-40 degrees and the shallow plowing depth is 15-20 cm; in heavy soil, the plow share angle is adjusted to 40-50 degrees and the shallow plowing depth is 10-15 cm; in this way, it is ensured that agricultural waste and microbial inoculants can be uniformly mixed into the soil, avoiding local accumulation or uneven distribution; during the adjustment of soil humidity and temperature, an intelligent soil environment monitoring system is used, which includes multiple sensors distributed at different locations in the field, which monitor soil humidity, temperature, and pH parameters in real time and transmit data to the central control system; the central control system automatically controls the operation of irrigation equipment and ventilation facilities according to the preset parameter range, achieving precise regulation of the soil environment.

[0010] Further, in the first 2 weeks after the field is turned, a biological stimulant is added to the soil to further promote the growth of microorganisms and the decomposition of waste; the biological stimulant is composed of humic acid, seaweed extract and amino acid in a ratio of 3:2:1, and the application amount is 2-5 kg per mu; humic acid can improve soil structure, increase soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, and provide abundant carbon source for microorganisms; seaweed extract is rich in various plant growth regulators and trace elements, which can stimulate the activity and reproduction of microorganisms; amino acid serves as a nitrogen source and energy source for microorganisms, promoting their metabolic activity; by adding the biological stimulant, the growth rate of microorganisms is increased by 20%-30%, and the decomposition efficiency of waste is significantly improved; when monitoring the microbial community structure in the soil, high-throughput sequencing technology is used to sequence and analyze the microbial DNA in the soil, which can accurately identify the types and relative abundance of microorganisms, providing accurate data support for subsequent regulation.

[0011] Further, in the third to fourth weeks, the soil humidity is adjusted to 30%-40% and the temperature is 25-35℃, and a new type of soil covering material is used; the soil covering material is made of degradable polylactic acid and coconut fiber, which has good moisture retention, ventilation and heat insulation performance; the covering material is laid on the soil surface with a thickness of 2-5 cm, which can effectively reduce the evaporation of soil moisture and maintain the stability of soil humidity; at the same time, it can block part of the heat from entering the soil at high temperature, avoiding the adverse effects of high soil temperature on microorganisms; at low temperature, it can play a certain role in heat preservation; in addition, the covering material can gradually degrade in the soil, providing organic matter for the soil and further promoting the growth and activity of microorganisms; by using this soil covering material, the fluctuation range of soil humidity is controlled within ±5%, and the fluctuation range of temperature is controlled within ±3℃, creating a more stable environment for the formation of microorganism symbiotic relationship.

[0012] Further, in the process of adjusting the soil environment parameters according to the detection results, a composite acid-base regulator is used for the adjustment of the soil pH value. When the soil pH value is lower than 6.0, an alkaline regulator composed of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide is used, with a ratio of 2:1, and the application amount is calculated according to the specific situation of the soil pH value, generally 50-100 kg per mu, to increase the soil pH value and promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms. When the soil pH value is higher than 7.5, an acid regulator composed of ferrous sulfate and citric acid is used, with a ratio of 3:2, and the application amount is 30-80 kg per mu, to reduce the soil pH value and improve the survival environment of soil microorganisms. For the adjustment of soil aeration, a ventilation pipeline is set up in the field, with a diameter of 5-10 cm and a spacing of 5-10 m. By adjusting the opening and closing time and the ventilation volume of the ventilation pipeline, the oxygen content in the soil is controlled to meet the oxygen demand of microorganisms at different growth stages.

[0013] Further, in the process of preparing the microbial agent, a mixture of trehalose and skimmed milk powder is added as a protective agent, with a ratio of 1:1, and the addition amount is 5%-10% of the total mass of the microbial agent. Trehalose has good moisturizing and antioxidant properties, which can protect microbial cells from dry and poor environmental conditions during storage and use of the microbial agent. Skimmed milk powder provides rich nutrients for microorganisms, which helps to maintain the activity of microorganisms. The added carrier is a mixture of bentonite and vermiculite, with a ratio of 3:2, a particle size of 0.2-2 mm, and an addition amount of 20%-30% of the total mass of the microbial agent. Bentonite has good adsorption properties, which can adsorb water and active ingredients in the microbial agent to prevent loss. Vermiculite has a porous structure, which can increase the air permeability of the microbial agent and is beneficial to the survival and reproduction of microorganisms. By adding these protective agents and carriers, the shelf life of the microbial agent at room temperature is extended to more than 12 months, and after use, it can quickly colonize and reproduce in the soil.

[0014] Further, during the returning process, the application amount of agricultural waste and the dosage of microbial inoculant are finely adjusted for different crop planting areas and soil types. For loamy soil with high fertility, the application amount of agricultural waste is 1000-1500 kg per mu, and the dosage of microbial inoculant is 5-8 kg per mu. For sandy loam soil with medium fertility, the application amount of agricultural waste is adjusted to 1500-2000 kg per mu, and the dosage of microbial inoculant is 8-12 kg per mu. For clay soil with low fertility, the application amount of agricultural waste is increased to 2000-3000 kg per mu, and the dosage of microbial inoculant is 12-15 kg per mu. Through this fine adjustment, the influence of different soil conditions on waste decomposition and microbial growth can be fully considered, the effect of microbial competition and symbiosis regulation is maximized, and the soil fertility and crop yield are improved. At the same time, control test fields are set up in different planting areas, and the soil quality, microbial community structure and crop growth indicators are compared and analyzed regularly to provide scientific basis for further optimization of the regulation method.

[0015] Further, during the whole regulation process, a complete digital management system is established. This system integrates soil environment monitoring data, microbial community analysis data and crop growth data, and uses big data analysis and artificial intelligence algorithms to dynamically simulate and predict the microbial competition and symbiosis regulation process. According to the simulation and prediction results, the system can automatically generate personalized regulation schemes, including waste pretreatment parameters, microbial inoculant preparation process, returning operation steps and environmental parameter adjustment strategies. At the same time, the system also has remote monitoring and early warning functions. Users can view field data and regulation status in real time through mobile phones and computer terminal devices. When the monitoring data exceeds the preset range, the system will send early warning information in time to remind users to take corresponding measures. Through the application of digital management system, the microbial competition and symbiosis regulation after the returning of agricultural waste is realized intelligent, accurate and efficient.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are: By pretreating the agricultural waste, such as crushing, reasonably adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio and adding composite mineral additives, a more suitable living environment and sufficient nutrients are provided for the microorganisms, which greatly accelerates the decomposition speed of the microorganisms on the waste, makes the waste convert into soil nutrients faster, and improves the resource utilization rate.

[0017] Specific microbial strains are screened from the soil with good returning effect, and microbial inoculants are prepared according to a specific ratio, which helps to build a stable and efficient microbial community in the soil. These microorganisms form a good competition and symbiotic relationship, cooperate with each other, jointly promote the decomposition of waste and the conversion of soil nutrients, inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, and improve the soil micro-ecological environment.

[0018] In the soil returning and regulation steps, through intelligent monitoring system and precise regulation measures, the environmental parameters such as humidity, temperature, pH value, etc. of the soil can be adjusted in real time according to the growth needs of microorganisms and the decomposition process of waste. This precise regulation provides the best living conditions for microorganisms, maintains the best competitive symbiotic state of microorganisms, and ensures the effectiveness and stability of the whole regulation process.

[0019] Effective regulation of the competitive symbiotic relationship of microorganisms promotes the complete decomposition of waste, releases more nutrients, increases the content of soil organic matter, improves the soil structure, and improves the soil fertility. Good soil environment provides strong guarantee for the growth of crops, thereby improving the yield and quality of crops and realizing the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0020] The established digital management system integrates multi-source information, and through big data analysis and artificial intelligence algorithms, it can dynamically simulate and predict the regulation process of microorganism competition and symbiosis, and automatically generate personalized regulation schemes. This not only improves the scientificity and accuracy of regulation, but also provides intelligent decision support for agricultural production, making it easy for farmers to manage and operate, reducing labor intensity and cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The flowchart of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0023] Please refer to Figure 1 The present application provides a method for regulating the competition and symbiosis of microorganisms after agricultural waste is returned to the field, mainly including a waste pretreatment step, a microorganism inoculum preparation step, and a soil returning and regulation step.

[0024] Waste pretreatment step Collect various types of agricultural waste, such as straw, rice husk, corn cob, livestock and poultry manure, etc. Use automatic screening equipment, combined with image recognition technology and weight sensor, to accurately identify and remove stones, plastics, metals and other impurities mixed in. For example, for straw waste, use image recognition equipment on the conveyor belt to quickly identify impurities in the straw, and use a mechanical arm to pick them out; for livestock and poultry manure, use a weight sensor to detect whether there are larger foreign objects mixed in, and if so, separate and process them.

[0025] According to the type and characteristics of waste, select the appropriate crushing equipment and process. For hard straw waste, adopt double-shaft shearing crusher, adjust the blade spacing and speed, and crush it to a particle size of 0.5-2mm. For rice husk, use hammer crusher, and control the particle size after crushing to 1-3mm. For corn cob, adopt toothed roll crusher, and get particles with a particle size of 2-5mm. Such particle size range can increase the contact area between microorganisms and waste, and improve the decomposition efficiency.

[0026] Mix the crushed agricultural waste with nitrogen-rich materials in a ratio of 20-35:1 of carbon to nitrogen. Common nitrogen-rich materials include urea, ammonium sulfate, soybean meal, etc. For example, when processing straw waste, mix 5-10kg of urea per 100kg of straw to meet the nitrogen demand of microbial growth. At the same time, stir evenly to make the waste and nitrogen source material fully integrated.

[0027] Add 0.1%-0.5% of the total mass of the mixture of composite mineral additives. The composite mineral additive is composed of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, etc. in a ratio of 5:3:1:1, and is made into a powder with a particle size of less than 100 mesh through high-temperature calcination and grinding process. In the mixing process, the composite mineral additive is evenly scattered into the mixture of waste and nitrogen source, and stirred again to ensure its uniform dispersion in the mixture, providing stable and sufficient mineral nutrients for microorganisms.

[0028] Microbial agent preparation steps Collect samples from soil with good effect of returning agricultural waste to the field. Select multiple farmlands in different areas, collect soil samples with a depth of 10-20cm in each area, and mix them as initial samples. The collected soil samples should have rich microbial diversity to ensure that microbial strains with high degradation capacity and good symbiotic synergy can be screened.

[0029] Use multiple selective media to enrich the collected soil samples. For Bacillus, use nutrient broth medium with penicillin concentration of 50μg / mL for screening, inhibit the growth of other bacteria, and promote the enrichment of Bacillus. For Pseudomonas, use medium with sodium gluconate concentration of 10g / L as the only carbon source for culture, selectively culture Pseudomonas. For Trichoderma, use potato glucose agar medium with streptomycin concentration of 100μg / mL to screen Trichoderma. After multiple screening and purification, obtain microbial strains with specific functions.

[0030] The selected microbial strains are respectively expanded. Different culture conditions are adopted for different strains. Bacillus is cultured at 30°C with a shaking speed of 180r / min for 24-36 hours; Pseudomonas is cultured at 28°C with a shaking speed of 200r / min for 36-48 hours; Trichoderma is cultured at 25°C with an illumination intensity of 1000-2000 lux for 48-72 hours. Through the optimized culture conditions, high-activity and high-purity target microbial strains are obtained. The expanded microbial strains are mixed in a specific ratio of Bacillus : Pseudomonas : Trichoderma = 3-5:2-4:1-3. For example, they can be mixed in a ratio of Bacillus : Pseudomonas : Trichoderma = 4:3:2. A mixture of protective agents trehalose and skimmed milk powder is added in a ratio of 1:1, with an amount of 5%-10% of the total weight of the microbial agent, and a mixture of carriers bentonite and vermiculite in a ratio of 3:2, with a particle size of 0.2-2mm, and an amount of 20%-30% of the total weight of the microbial agent, to make a microbial agent with a viable count of not less than 1×10 0 CFU / g.

[0031] Field application and regulation steps After the crops are harvested, the pretreated agricultural waste is evenly applied to the field, with an application amount of 1000-3000kg per mu. For loam soil with higher fertility, the application amount can be appropriately reduced to 1000-1500kg per mu; for clay soil with lower fertility, the application amount can be increased to 2000-3000kg per mu. Then the prepared microbial agent is evenly applied on the surface of the waste at an amount of 5-15kg per mu, and then a special plow is used to shallow plow, so that the waste and microbial agent are fully mixed with the soil, with a mixing depth of 10-20cm. Adjust the plow share angle and depth of the plow according to the soil texture. In loose soil, the plow share angle is set to 30-40 degrees, and the shallow plowing depth is 15-20cm; in heavy soil, the plow share angle is adjusted to 40-50 degrees, and the shallow plowing depth is 10-15cm.

[0032] During the first 2 weeks after the soil is prepared, the soil humidity is maintained at 40-60% and the temperature is maintained at 20-30°C. An intelligent soil environment monitoring system is used, including multiple sensors distributed at different locations in the field, to monitor soil humidity, temperature, and other parameters in real time. Through a central control system, according to the preset parameter range, the operation of irrigation equipment and ventilation facilities is automatically controlled to ensure that the soil humidity and temperature are within the appropriate range. At the same time, in order to further promote the growth of microorganisms and the decomposition of waste, a biological stimulant (composed of humic acid, seaweed extract, and amino acid in a ratio of 3:2:1, with an application amount of 2-5 kg per mu) can be added to the soil.

[0033] During the third to fourth weeks, the soil humidity is adjusted to 30-40% through irrigation and ventilation, and the temperature is maintained at 25-35°C. A new type of soil covering material is used, which is made of degradable high-molecular polymers such as polylactic acid and natural fibers such as coconut fiber, with a thickness of 2-5 cm laid on the soil surface to reduce soil water evaporation, maintain soil humidity stability, and adjust soil temperature. At this stage, specific competitive symbiotic relationships between microorganisms are induced to enhance the decomposition ability of difficult-to-degrade components in waste.

[0034] At least once a week, the structure of the microbial community in the soil, enzyme activity, and nutrient content are detected. High-throughput sequencing technology is used to sequence and analyze the microbial DNA in the soil to accurately identify the types and relative abundance of microorganisms; chemical analysis methods are used to detect enzyme activity and nutrient content in the soil. According to the test results, the soil environment parameters are fine-tuned. For the adjustment of soil pH, when the soil pH is less than 6.0, an alkaline regulator composed of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide in a ratio of 2:1 is used, with an application amount calculated according to the specific soil pH, generally 50-100 kg per mu; when the soil pH is higher than 7.5, an acidic regulator composed of ferrous sulfate and citric acid in a ratio of 3:2 is used, with an application amount of 30-80 kg per mu. For the adjustment of soil aeration, a ventilation pipeline is set up in the field, with a diameter of 5-10 cm and a spacing of 5-10 m, and by adjusting the opening and closing time and ventilation volume of the ventilation pipeline, the oxygen content in the soil is controlled. Example

[0035] A loam field located at [specific location] is selected as the experimental area, with an area of 10 mu. Agricultural waste is selected as wheat straw, nitrogen-rich material is selected as urea, and composite mineral additives are prepared according to the above ratio and process. The microbial inoculant is prepared according to the ratio of Bacillus: Pseudomonas: Trichoderma = 4:3:2.

[0036] Wheat straw is collected, impurities are removed by automated screening equipment, and then the straw is crushed to a particle size of 0.5-2 mm using a double-shaft shearing crusher. 1000 kg of the crushed straw is mixed with 20 kg of urea, 3 kg of a composite mineral additive, and stirred evenly, with the carbon-nitrogen ratio being 25:1.

[0037] A sample is collected from soil with good effects of returning from the periphery, and a microbial agent is prepared through screening, expansion culture, and other steps.

[0038] The pretreated straw mixture is evenly spread in the field at a rate of 1500 kg per mu. Then the microbial agent is spread at a rate of 8 kg per mu, and shallow plowing is performed with a mixing depth of 15 cm. In the first to second weeks after returning, the soil humidity is maintained at 45%-55% and the temperature is maintained at 22-28°C, and 3 kg of a biological stimulant is added per mu. In the third to fourth weeks, the soil humidity is adjusted to 32%-38% and the temperature is maintained at 26-32°C, and soil covering material is laid. Soil indicators are regularly detected and fine-tuned.

[0039] After one planting season, compared with a control field not using the method, the organic matter content of the soil of the experimental field is increased by 15%, the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil is significantly increased, and the wheat yield is increased by 12%. Example

[0040] A clay field with an area of 8 mu is selected in [specific location]. The agricultural waste is a mixture of corn straw and livestock and poultry manure, the nitrogen-rich material is ammonium sulfate, and the composite mineral additive is the same as in Example One. The microbial agent is prepared according to a ratio of Bacillus: Pseudomonas: Trichoderma = 5:2:3.

[0041] The corn straw is crushed to a particle size of 2-5 mm, mixed with livestock and poultry manure according to a certain ratio, ammonium sulfate is added according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 30:1, and the composite mineral additive accounts for 0.3% of the total mass of the mixture.

[0042] Similarly, a sample is collected from suitable soil, screened, cultured, and a microbial agent is prepared.

[0043] The pretreated waste mixture is applied to the field at a rate of 2500 kg per mu, and the microbial inoculant is applied at a rate of 12 kg per mu, with a shallow plowing depth of 12 cm. In the first to second week after application, the soil humidity is maintained at 50-60%, the temperature is maintained at 25-30°C, and 4 kg of biological stimulant is added per mu. In the third to fourth week, the soil humidity is adjusted to 35-40%, the temperature is maintained at 28-35°C, and soil cover material is laid. The soil environment parameters are regularly detected and fine-tuned.

[0044] The soil fertility of the experimental field is significantly improved, the soil structure is improved, and the disease resistance of the crops is enhanced. Compared with the control field, the corn yield is increased by 15%. Embodiment

[0045] A sandy loam field in a certain region in the south is selected as the experimental area, with an area of 12 mu. The region has a humid climate and a relatively high average annual temperature. The main agricultural waste is rice straw and sugarcane residue, and the nitrogen-rich material is selected as soybean meal, which is rich in various organic nitrogen and amino acids and can provide high-quality nitrogen nutrients for microorganisms. The composite mineral additive is prepared according to the specified proportion and process. The microbial inoculant is prepared according to the proportion of Bacillus: Pseudomonas: Trichoderma = 3:4:1.

[0046] The collected rice straw and sugarcane residue are classified and screened, and impurities such as plastic film and stones are removed. Since the rice straw has a relatively soft texture, it is crushed to a particle size of 1-3 mm using a hammer mill; the sugarcane residue has a hard texture and high fiber content, and is crushed to a particle size of 2-5 mm using a toothed roll crusher. Then, the crushed rice straw and sugarcane residue are mixed according to a mass ratio of 3:2, soybean meal is added according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 22:1, and the composite mineral additive is added at a rate of 0.2% of the total mass of the mixture. Stir well to ensure uniform distribution of all ingredients.

[0047] Samples are collected from local long-term green ecological agricultural planting and waste field soil with outstanding waste application effect. In the laboratory, selective medium is used for enrichment culture. After several times of screening and purification, high-activity strains of Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Trichoderma are obtained. The strains are mixed according to the specified proportion, and trehalose and skimmed milk powder (ratio 1:1, added amount 8% of the total mass of the inoculant) are added as protectants, and bentonite and vermiculite (ratio 3:2, particle size between 0.2-2 mm, added amount 25% of the total mass of the inoculant) are added as carriers to prepare microbial inoculants with required viable cell counts.

[0048] After the early rice harvest, the pretreated agricultural waste mixture was evenly spread on the field at a rate of 2000 kg per mu. Then, the microbial inoculant was evenly spread on the surface of the waste at a rate of 10 kg per mu, and a tractor with adjustable plows was used for shallow plowing to mix the waste, inoculant, and soil thoroughly, with a mixing depth of 13 cm. Considering the good air permeability but relatively poor water retention of sandy loam soil, during the first 1-2 weeks after the waste was incorporated into the soil, the soil moisture was maintained at 42-58% and the temperature was maintained at 23-28°C by installing an automatic sprinkler system and ventilation equipment in the field, while adding a biological stimulant (composed of humic acid, seaweed extract, and amino acid at a ratio of 3:2:1) at a rate of 2.5 kg per mu. During the third to fourth weeks, the soil moisture was adjusted to 33-38% and the temperature was adjusted to 26-33°C by laying soil cover material to reduce water evaporation and regulate soil temperature. Soil samples were collected regularly every week to detect indicators such as microbial community structure, enzyme activity, and nutrient content, and the soil pH and aeration were fine-tuned based on the test results. When the soil pH was lower than 6.0, an alkaline regulator composed of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide was applied in an appropriate amount; when the soil pH was higher than 7.5, an acidic regulator composed of ferrous sulfate and citric acid was applied.

[0049] After one growing season of observation and monitoring, the microbial diversity of the experimental field soil increased significantly, and the enzyme activities related to nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in the soil improved significantly. Compared with the control field that did not use the method, the soil organic matter content increased by 18%, the soil bulk density decreased, the porosity increased, and the soil structure improved significantly. The yield of late rice increased by 13%, and the quality of rice also improved, with increased protein content and reduced chalkiness. EXAMPLE

[0050] A piece of saline-alkali soil farmland in a drought area in the north was selected as the experimental area, with an area of 15 mu. Agricultural waste was selected as corn stalks and cottonseed hulls, and a mixture of urea and ammonium sulfate with a mass ratio of 1:1 was used as a nitrogen-rich material to meet the needs of different forms of nitrogen for microorganisms. The composite mineral additive was prepared according to the conventional method. The microbial inoculant was prepared according to the ratio of Bacillus: Pseudomonas: Trichoderma = 5:3:2.

[0051] The corn stalks and cottonseed hulls are screened and impurities are removed. The corn stalks are crushed to a particle size of 0.5-2 mm using a double-shaft shearing crusher, and the cottonseed hulls are crushed to a particle size of 1-3 mm. The two kinds of crushed waste are mixed in a mass ratio of 4:1, a mixture of urea and ammonium sulfate is added in a ratio of 32:1 of carbon to nitrogen, and a composite mineral additive is added in an amount of 0.4% of the total mass of the mixture, and the mixture is stirred thoroughly.

[0052] Samples are collected from non-saline-alkali soil that has been modified from the periphery and has good effects of waste field application, and target microbial strains are obtained through a strict screening and culturing process. The strains are mixed in a set ratio, and corresponding protective agents and carriers are added to prepare a microbial inoculant.

[0053] After the cotton is harvested, the pretreated agricultural waste mixture is uniformly spread on the field at a rate of 2800 kg per mu. The microbial inoculant is spread at a rate of 14 kg per mu, and then shallow plowing is performed to a depth of 18 cm. Due to the dry climate and soil salinization in the region, the soil moisture is maintained at 45%-55% during the first 1-2 weeks after the waste is applied through a drip irrigation system, the temperature is adjusted to 20-25°C using shading nets and ventilation facilities, and 4 kg of biological stimulants are added per mu. During the third and fourth weeks, the soil moisture is adjusted to 30%-35%, the temperature is adjusted to 22-28°C, and soil covering material with a salinization improvement function is laid. The microbial indicators, salt content, and pH of the soil are regularly detected. In addition to adjusting the soil pH, leaching is performed through an irrigation and drainage system to reduce the soil salt content. At the same time, the ventilation and irrigation amounts are adjusted in a timely manner according to the changes in the microbial community structure to maintain the optimal growth environment for the microorganisms.

[0054] After one growing season, the salinization of the experimental field soil is significantly alleviated, the soil pH tends to be neutral, and the salt content is reduced by about 20%. The soil microbial community structure is optimized, and the number of beneficial microorganisms is significantly increased. Compared with the control field, the yield of the next season's corn is increased by 16%, and the corn has enhanced stress resistance and grows better in dry and saline-alkali environments than the corn in the control field. EMBODIMENT

[0055] A terraced farmland in a mountainous area is selected as the experimental area, with an area of 8 mu and a soil type of mountain red soil. The agricultural waste is mainly oil tea shell and hickory shell, and the nitrogen-rich material is made into compost by crushing the local common green manure plant Astragalus sinicus. The composite mineral additive is prepared according to the conventional method. The microbial inoculant is prepared in a ratio of Bacillus: Pseudomonas: Trichoderma = 4:2:3.

[0056] The oil tea shell and hickory shell were screened and impurities were removed. Then, the waste was crushed to a particle size of 1-4 mm using a special crusher. The crushed waste was mixed with Chinese milk vetch compost at a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 28:1. A composite mineral additive was added to the mixture, accounting for 0.3% of the total mass of the mixture.

[0057] The samples were collected from the nearby mountain soil with good ecological environment and rich vegetation. After screening and culturing, the required microbial inoculant was prepared.

[0058] After harvesting in autumn, the pretreated agricultural waste mixture was evenly spread in the terraced field, with an application rate of 1800 kg per mu. The microbial inoculant was applied at a rate of 9 kg per mu. Due to the special terrain of the terraced field, a small hand-held shallow plowing device was used for mixing, with a mixing depth of 10-15 cm. In the first to second week after application, the soil moisture was maintained at 40%-60% using natural water sources and simple irrigation facilities in the mountainous area. The temperature was adjusted to 20-30℃ by building sunshades and ventilation ditches. Biological stimulants were added at a rate of 3 kg per mu. In the third to fourth week, the soil moisture was adjusted to 30%-40%, and the temperature was adjusted to 25-35℃. Local rice straw and tree leaves were used as soil cover materials, which were environmentally friendly and could also serve as moisture retention, temperature retention, and soil organic matter addition. Regular soil testing was conducted, and according to the characteristics of mountain red soil, the soil pH and aeration were adjusted. When the soil pH was lower than 5.5, appropriate lime powder was applied to increase the soil pH. The soil aeration was improved by setting some breathable bamboo tubes in the field.

[0059] After one growing season, the soil fertility of the experimental field was significantly improved, the soil structure was improved, and the water and fertilizer retention capacity was enhanced. Compared with the control field, the yield of the next season's crops increased by 14% and 12%, respectively, and the quality of the agricultural products was also improved, with better taste and richer nutritional content.

Claims

1. An agricultural waste field after the microorganism competition symbiosis regulation method is characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: A waste pretreatment step: the collected agricultural waste is classified and screened to remove impurities mixed therein; Then, according to the type and characteristics of the waste, a specific crushing process is adopted to crush the waste to a particle size of 0.5-5 mm to increase the contact area between the microorganisms and the waste; then the crushed agricultural waste is mixed with the material rich in nitrogen source in a proportion of 20-35:1 of carbon to nitrogen ratio, and 0.1%-0.5% of a composite mineral additive accounting for the total mass of the mixture is added, the composite mineral additive is composed of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc trace elements in a specific ratio, and the components are fully integrated by stirring uniformly; Microbial agent preparation step: collect samples from soil with good effect of returning agricultural waste, use selective medium for enrichment culture, screen out various microbial strains with high degradation capacity and good symbiotic cooperation, the microbial strains include but are not limited to specific strains of bacillus, pseudomonas and trichoderma; the screened microbial strains are respectively expanded, then mixed according to specific proportion, bacillus:pseudomonas:trichoderma=3-5:2 or 4:1-3, add protective agent and carrier, and prepare microbial agent with viable count not less than 1×10 10 CFU / g; A step of returning to the field and regulation: after the crops are harvested, the pretreated agricultural waste is uniformly applied to the field at an application rate of 1000-3000 kg per mu; then the prepared microbial agent is uniformly applied on the surface of the waste at an amount of 5-15 kg per mu, and then shallow plowing is performed to fully mix the waste and the microbial agent with the soil to a depth of 10-20 cm; within 1-2 weeks after returning to the field, the soil humidity is maintained at 40%-60% and the temperature is maintained at 20-30℃ to promote the rapid growth of microorganisms and the preliminary decomposition of the waste; in the 3rd-4th week, the soil humidity is adjusted to 30%-40% through irrigation and ventilation, and the temperature is adjusted to 25-35℃ to induce specific competitive symbiotic relationships among microorganisms and enhance the decomposition capacity of microorganisms on the refractory components in the waste; the soil microbial community structure, enzyme activity and nutrient content indicators are detected regularly, and the soil environmental parameters are fine-tuned according to the detection results to maintain the optimal competitive symbiotic state of the microorganisms.

2. The method for regulating microbial competitive symbiosis after agricultural waste is returned to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the waste pretreatment step, the classification and screening process uses automatic screening equipment to accurately identify and remove stones and plastic impurities in the agricultural waste by combining image recognition technology and weight sensors; for different types of agricultural waste such as straw, rice husk and corn cob, specific crushing equipment and processes are adopted; for example, for straw waste, a double-shaft shearing crusher is used to crush it to a particle size of 0.5-2 mm by adjusting the blade spacing and rotating speed; for rice husk, a hammer crusher is used to crush it to a particle size of 1-3 mm; for corn cob, a toothed roll crusher is used to obtain particles with a particle size of 2-5 mm; the ratio of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc trace elements in the composite mineral additive is 5:3:1:1, and the additive is made into a powder with a particle size of less than 100 mesh through a special high-temperature calcination and grinding process to ensure uniform dispersion in the mixture, provide stable and sufficient mineral nutrients for microorganisms, and promote the metabolism and growth of microorganisms.

3. The method for regulating microbial competitive symbiosis after agricultural waste is returned to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the microbial inoculant preparation step, a variety of selective media are used when screening microbial strains from soil samples; for Bacillus, a nutrient broth medium is used with the addition of a specific antibiotic, penicillin, at a concentration of 50 μg / mL to inhibit the growth of other bacteria and promote the enrichment of Bacillus; for Pseudomonas, a medium with a specific carbon source, sodium gluconate, at a concentration of 10 g / L as the sole carbon source is used to selectively culture Pseudomonas; for Trichoderma, a potato glucose agar medium is used with the addition of streptomycin at a concentration of 100 μg / mL to screen Trichoderma; during the expansion culture process, different culture conditions are used for different strains; Bacillus is cultured at a temperature of 30°C and a shaking speed of 180 r / min for 24-36 hours; Pseudomonas is cultured at a temperature of 28°C and a shaking speed of 200 r / min for 36-48 hours; Trichoderma is cultured at a temperature of 25°C and an illumination intensity of 1000-2000 lux for 48-72 hours; through these optimized screening and culture conditions, high-activity and high-purity target microbial strains are ensured.

4. The method for regulating microbial competitive symbiosis after agricultural waste is returned to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the field application and regulation step, a special plow is used for shallow plowing with agricultural machinery, and the angle and depth of the plowshare can be adjusted according to the soil texture and waste distribution; in loose soil, the plowshare angle is set to 30-40 degrees and the shallow plowing depth is 15-20 cm; in heavy soil, the plowshare angle is adjusted to 40-50 degrees and the shallow plowing depth is 10-15 cm; in this way, agricultural waste and microbial inoculants can be evenly mixed into the soil, avoiding local accumulation or uneven distribution; during the adjustment of soil humidity and temperature, an intelligent soil environment monitoring system is used, which includes multiple sensors distributed at different locations in the field, which monitor soil humidity, temperature, and pH parameters in real time and transmit data to the central control system; the central control system automatically controls the operation of irrigation equipment and ventilation facilities according to the preset parameter range, achieving precise regulation of the soil environment.

5. The method for regulating microbial competitive symbiosis after agricultural waste is returned to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the first 2 weeks after the field is returned, a biological stimulant is added to the soil to further promote the growth of microorganisms and the decomposition of waste; the biological stimulant is composed of humic acid, seaweed extract and amino acid in a ratio of 3:2:1, and the application amount is 2-5 kg per mu; humic acid can improve soil structure, increase soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, and provide abundant carbon source for microorganisms; seaweed extract is rich in various plant growth regulators and trace elements, which can stimulate the activity and reproduction of microorganisms; amino acid serves as a nitrogen source and energy source for microorganisms, promoting their metabolic activity; by adding biological stimulant, the growth rate of microorganisms increases by 20%-30%, and the decomposition efficiency of waste is significantly improved; when monitoring the microbial community structure in the soil, high-throughput sequencing technology is used to sequence and analyze the microbial DNA in the soil, which can accurately identify the types and relative abundance of microorganisms, providing accurate data support for subsequent regulation.

6. The method for regulating microbial competitive symbiosis after agricultural waste is returned to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the third to fourth weeks, the soil humidity is adjusted to 30%-40%, and the temperature is 25-35℃, during which a new type of soil covering material is used; the soil covering material is made of degradable polylactic acid and coconut fiber, which has good moisture retention, ventilation and heat insulation performance; the covering material is laid on the soil surface with a thickness of 2-5 cm, which can effectively reduce the evaporation of soil water and maintain the stability of soil humidity; at the same time, it can block part of the heat from entering the soil at high temperature, avoiding the adverse effects of high soil temperature on microorganisms; at low temperature, it can play a certain role in heat preservation; In addition, the covering material can gradually degrade in the soil, providing organic matter for the soil and further promoting the growth and activity of microorganisms; by using this soil covering material, the fluctuation range of soil humidity is controlled within ±5%, and the fluctuation range of temperature is controlled within ±3℃, creating a more stable environment for the formation of microbial symbiotic relationship.

7. The method for regulating microbial competitive symbiosis after agricultural waste is returned to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that, When adjusting the soil environmental parameters according to the test results, for the adjustment of soil acidity and alkalinity, a composite acid-base regulator is used; when the soil pH value is lower than 6.0, an alkaline regulator composed of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide is used, the ratio of the two is 2:1, the application amount is calculated according to the specific situation of soil acidity and alkalinity, generally 50-100 kg per mu, by increasing the pH value of the soil, promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms; when the soil pH value is higher than 7.5, an acid regulator composed of ferrous sulfate and citric acid is used, the ratio of ferrous sulfate to citric acid is 3:2, the application amount is 30-80 kg per mu, to reduce the pH value of the soil and improve the survival environment of soil microorganisms; for the adjustment of soil aeration, a ventilation pipeline is set up in the field, the diameter of the ventilation pipeline is 5-10 cm, the spacing is 5-10 m, by adjusting the opening and closing time and ventilation volume of the ventilation pipeline, the oxygen content in the soil is controlled to meet the oxygen demand of microorganisms at different growth stages.

8. The method for regulating microbial competitive symbiosis after agricultural waste is returned to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial inoculant is prepared by adding a mixture of trehalose and skimmed milk powder as protective agents, with a ratio of 1:1 and an addition amount of 5%-10% of the total mass of the microbial inoculant; trehalose has good moisturizing and antioxidant properties, which can protect microbial cells from dry and oxidized environments during storage and use of the microbial inoculant; skimmed milk powder provides rich nutrients for microorganisms, which helps to maintain the activity of microorganisms; the added carrier is a mixture of bentonite and vermiculite, with a ratio of 3:2 and a particle size of 0.2-2 mm, and the addition amount is 20%-30% of the total mass of the microbial inoculant; bentonite has good adsorption properties, which can adsorb water and active ingredients in the microbial inoculant to prevent loss; Vermiculite has a porous structure, which can increase the air permeability of the microbial inoculant, which is beneficial to the survival and reproduction of microorganisms; by adding these protective agents and carriers, the shelf life of the microbial inoculant at room temperature is extended to more than 12 months, and after use, it can quickly colonize and reproduce in the soil.

9. The method for regulating microbial competitive symbiosis after agricultural waste is returned to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the application process, the application amount of agricultural waste and the amount of microbial inoculant are finely adjusted according to different crop planting areas and soil types; for high-fertility loam, the application amount of agricultural waste is 1000-1500 kg per mu, and the amount of microbial inoculant is 5-8 kg per mu; for medium-fertility sandy loam, the application amount of agricultural waste is adjusted to 1500-2000 kg per mu, and the amount of microbial inoculant is 8-12 kg per mu; for low-fertility clay, the application amount of agricultural waste is increased to 2000-3000 kg per mu, and the amount of microbial inoculant is 12-15 kg per mu; through this fine adjustment, the influence of different soil conditions on waste decomposition and microbial growth can be fully considered, the effect of microbial competition and symbiotic regulation can be maximized, and soil fertility and crop yield can be improved; at the same time, control test fields are set up in different planting areas, and soil quality, microbial community structure and crop growth indicators are compared and analyzed regularly to provide scientific basis for further optimization of the regulation method.

10. The method for regulating microbial competitive symbiosis after agricultural waste is returned to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the whole regulation process, a complete digital management system is established; the system integrates soil environment monitoring data, microbial community analysis data and crop growth data, and dynamically simulates and predicts the microbial competition and symbiotic regulation process through big data analysis and artificial intelligence algorithms; according to the simulation and prediction results, the system can automatically generate personalized regulation schemes, including waste pretreatment parameters, microbial inoculant preparation process, field application operation steps and environmental parameter adjustment strategies; at the same time, the system also has remote monitoring and early warning functions, users can real-time check field data and regulation status through mobile phones and computer terminal devices, and when the monitoring data exceeds the preset range, the system will send early warning information in time to remind users to take corresponding measures; through the application of digital management system, the intelligentization, precision and high efficiency of microbial competition and symbiotic regulation after the application of agricultural waste to the field are realized.

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