Salt-spray-corrosion-resistant port steel-concrete combined breakwater structure and construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a salt-spray-corrosion-resistant port steel-concrete combined breakwater structure and a construction method, and relates to the technical field of breakwater. The port steel-concrete combined breakwater structure resistant to salt spray corrosion comprises a slope foundation structure, a steel-concrete combined vertical wall, an electrochemical protection unit, a wave-proof area, a first wave-dissipating power generation unit and a second wave-dissipating power generation unit, a first weather-proof steel framework is embedded in the port steel-concrete combined breakwater structure, and a second weather-proof steel framework is embedded in the steel-concrete combined vertical wall. According to the port steel-concrete combined breakwater structure resistant to salt spray corrosion, a weathering resistant steel-concrete combined structure, real-time cathode protection monitoring and wave energy power generation are integrated, the salt spray corrosion resistant service life of the breakwater is prolonged, meanwhile, the wave strength is reduced through combination and multi-form combination of the wave-proof area and the two wave dissipation power generation units, and the service life of the breakwater is prolonged. And wave energy is converted into electric power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of breakwater technology, specifically to a steel-concrete composite breakwater structure for ports resistant to salt spray corrosion and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Ports are vital hubs for water and land transportation, and breakwater structures are essential for their operation. These breakwaters must not only withstand the impact of waves and currents but also endure the long-term erosion caused by the harsh marine environment. In the marine environment, salt spray corrosion is a key factor affecting the lifespan of port facilities, especially for reinforced concrete breakwaters. Chloride ions in the salt spray gradually penetrate into the concrete, corroding the reinforcing steel, leading to decreased structural strength and a shortened service life. Traditional steel-concrete breakwater structures for ports have the following shortcomings in terms of resistance to salt spray corrosion: First, existing breakwaters mostly use ordinary reinforced concrete. Under the long-term effects of salt spray, alternating wet and dry conditions and wave splash, steel reinforcement corrosion, concrete spalling, pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of steel structures occur frequently, resulting in a decrease in structural bearing capacity and a shortened maintenance cycle. Second, traditional breakwaters only focus on wave dissipation and wave blocking functions. Wave dissipation structures are not well adapted to complex sea conditions. For example, floating breakwaters have problems such as weak wind and wave resistance and easy damage. Moreover, they fail to effectively utilize wave energy, resulting in a waste of renewable resources. Third, many breakwater structures use cathodic protection systems to protect the internal steel reinforcement. However, these systems are mostly offline, making it impossible to diagnose protection failures in real time. This can lead to missing the optimal maintenance window, further exacerbating corrosion risks and increasing maintenance costs. To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a salt spray corrosion-resistant steel-concrete composite breakwater structure for ports and its construction method, thereby solving the aforementioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a steel-concrete composite breakwater structure and construction method for ports resistant to salt spray corrosion. It integrates weather-resistant steel-concrete composite structure, real-time cathodic protection monitoring, and wave energy power generation into one unit. While improving the breakwater's resistance to salt spray corrosion, it also reduces wave intensity through a combination of breakwater zones and two types of wave-dissipating power generation units, converting destructive wave energy into clean electricity.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a steel-concrete composite breakwater structure for ports resistant to salt spray corrosion, comprising: The slope foundation structure is covered with a composite coating on its surface and has a first weathering steel frame embedded inside. The steel-concrete composite vertical wall has a second weather-resistant steel frame embedded inside, and the sloping foundation structure is anchored to the steel-concrete composite vertical wall through piles penetrating the ground. The electrochemical protection unit includes a cathodic protection grid covering the surfaces of the first and second weathering steel frames, and an anode material connected by a cable; The breakwater zone is formed by the enclosed space between the sloping foundation structure and the steel-concrete composite vertical wall. The anode material is installed inside the breakwater zone and connected to the cathodic protection grid through the concrete structure via an insulated cable. The surface of the breakwater zone is provided with multiple sets of T-shaped blocks and fixed wave-dissipating structures. The first wave-dissipating power generation unit is installed on top of the steel-concrete composite vertical wall and extends to the water surface; The second wave-dissipating power generation unit is integrated into the floating part of the first wave-dissipating power generation unit.

[0005] Preferably, the first wave-damping power generation unit includes: A first turbine generator fixed to the top of the steel-concrete composite vertical wall; A large arm that is rotatably connected at one end to the rotor of the first turbine generator; A floating platform is movably hinged to the free end of the boom, and the floating platform drives the boom to swing by wave undulation to drive the first turbine generator to generate electricity; A float fixed to the bottom of the floating roof is used to provide buoyancy.

[0006] Preferably, the second wave-damping power generation unit includes: A movable wave-damping structure is provided between two adjacent floating platforms, and the movable wave-damping structure has a second arc-shaped flow guide port through which the water flows. A rotating wheel installed inside the second arc-shaped flow guide; A second turbine generator, coaxially connected to the rotating wheel, is used to generate electricity by utilizing the impact of water flow on the rotating wheel.

[0007] Preferably, the fixed wave-dissipating structure has a first arc-shaped guide port, which is used to guide the water flow to disperse energy. The Twisted King Blocks are laid at the bottom of the breakwater and arranged in a staggered, quincunx pattern. The spacing between the Twisted King Blocks is less than or equal to 1.5 times the block size. The fixed wave-dissipating structure is located on the side of the reinforced concrete composite vertical wall and is spaced 3-5m apart from the Twisted King Blocks, so that the two do not directly contact each other.

[0008] Preferably, adjacent floating docks are fixedly connected by U-shaped connectors, and a buffer protection unit is provided between the movable wave-damping structure and the U-shaped connectors.

[0009] Preferably, the buffer protection unit includes: A guide rail frame fixed to the U-shaped connector; A support frame is slidably mounted on the guide rail frame, and the movable wave-damping structure is rotatably connected to the support frame via a limiting shaft; Dampers and springs are symmetrically arranged between the guide rail frame and the support frame.

[0010] Preferably, a sleeve is fixed on the guide rail frame, and a limiting rod that slides with the sleeve is fixed on the bearing frame.

[0011] Preferably, a current sensor is connected in series on the cable of the electrochemical protection unit, the current sensor is connected to the controller, and the output of the controller is connected to the alarm. The current sensor, the controller, and the alarm constitute a corrosion protection status monitoring system.

[0012] Preferably, the corrosion protection status monitoring system is configured to perform the following operations: The current value of the cathode protection grid is monitored in real time by the current sensor. The controller determines whether the current value is within a preset threshold range; When the current value is lower than the threshold range, the first alarm signal is triggered and an underprotection alarm code is output. When the current value exceeds the threshold range, a second alarm signal is triggered and an over-protection alarm code is output. The corresponding maintenance strategy is executed based on the alarm code. The maintenance strategies include: For the underprotection alarm code, check the anode material loss, test cable connectivity, and scan the cathodic protection grid integrity; For the overprotection alarm code, calibrate the power output, detect the seawater conductivity, and check the condition of the insulation layer of the insulated cable. After the maintenance strategy is completed, the alarm is reset by the controller, and the process returns to the current monitoring step.

[0013] The second aspect of this invention discloses a construction method for a salt spray corrosion-resistant steel-concrete composite breakwater structure for ports, the construction method comprising the following steps: Piles are driven into the ground at predetermined locations; A first weathering steel frame is tied in the sloping area, and a second weathering steel frame is tied in the vertical wall area. The first and second weathering steel frames are then welded and fixed to the pile body. Cathodic protection grids are laid on the surfaces of the first and second weathering steel frames, and cables for connecting anode materials are pre-embedded. The formwork is erected and concrete is poured to form a sloping foundation structure and a steel-concrete composite vertical wall, and a composite coating is applied to the sloping surface. Install a fixed wave-damping structure with a first arc-shaped flow guide in the breakwater area; Install the first turbine generator on top of the steel-concrete composite vertical wall, and assemble a floating platform with floats and a boom. Adjacent floating docks are connected by U-shaped connectors, and a second wave-damping power generation unit and a buffer protection unit are installed between adjacent floating docks; Power on the electrochemical protection unit to activate it, and debug the first wave-damping power generation unit, the second wave-damping power generation unit, and the corrosion protection status monitoring system.

[0014] This invention discloses a steel-concrete composite breakwater structure for ports resistant to salt spray corrosion and its construction method, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This salt spray corrosion resistant steel-concrete composite breakwater structure for ports features a composite coating covering the surface of the sloping foundation. This coating physically isolates the breakwater from penetration, reducing the carbonation rate of the concrete. A first weathering steel frame is embedded within the sloping foundation, and a second weathering steel frame is embedded within the steel-concrete composite vertical walls. Both the first and second weathering steel frames are composed of alloy steel, forming a dense rust layer on their surfaces to prevent further corrosion and extend their service life compared to ordinary steel. Furthermore, through an electrochemical protection unit—comprising a cathodic protection grid and anodic material covering the surfaces of the first and second weathering steel frames—both material and protective measures are employed. The cathodic protection grid acts as the cathode, receiving current and polarizing the first and second weathering steel frames to their corrosion-resistant potential. Seawater acts as the electrolyte medium, and the seabed environment ensures uniform consumption of the anodic material, preventing localized corrosion of the first and second weathering steel frames. Therefore, this significantly enhances the breakwater structure's resistance to salt spray corrosion, effectively extending its service life and reducing long-term maintenance costs.

[0015] 2. This salt spray corrosion-resistant steel-concrete composite breakwater structure for ports, with its twisted-tile blocks and fixed wave-dissipating structure deployed in the breakwater area, works in conjunction with the first and second wave-dissipating power generation units. The first arc-shaped guide port of the fixed wave-dissipating structure guides the water flow to disperse energy. The first wave-dissipating power generation unit utilizes the wave undulations to drive the swing of its boom, which in turn drives the first turbine generator to generate electricity. The second wave-dissipating power generation unit uses the water flow impacting the rotating wheel inside the movable wave-dissipating structure to drive the second turbine generator to generate electricity. This achieves efficient wave dissipation while converting wave energy into electrical energy, realizing the sustainable use of energy.

[0016] 3. This salt spray corrosion-resistant steel-concrete composite breakwater structure for the port features a sloping foundation structure and a steel-concrete composite vertical wall anchored together by piles penetrating the ground, ensuring the overall structural stability and enabling it to withstand strong wave forces. Simultaneously, a current sensor is connected in series with the cable of the electrochemical protection unit, which is then connected to a controller and an alarm to form a corrosion protection status monitoring system. This system monitors the current value of the cathodic protection grid in real time, promptly triggering an alarm and outputting an alarm code when the current value is abnormal. This allows staff to execute corresponding maintenance strategies based on the alarm code, ensuring the breakwater structure remains in a safe and stable operating state. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrochemical protection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Embodiments of the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of part A or schematic diagram of the buffer protection unit structure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first wave-damping and power generation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pile structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the judgment logic of the electrochemical protection unit in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the troubleshooting of underprotection alarm codes according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the troubleshooting of overprotection alarm codes according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of icon numbers: 1. Sloping foundation structure; 11. Composite coating; 12. First weathering steel frame; 2. Steel-concrete composite vertical wall; 21. Second weathering steel frame; 3. Cathodic protection grid; 31. Anode material; 32. Current sensor; 33. Controller; 34. Alarm; 4. Breakwater zone; 41. Twisted king-shaped block; 42. Fixed wave-damping structure; 421. First arc-shaped guide port; 5. First wave-damping power generation unit; 51. First turbine generator; 52. Boom; 53. Floating platform; 531. U-shaped connector; 54. Float; 6. Second wave-dissipating and power generation unit; 61. Movable wave-dissipating structure; 611. Second arc-shaped guide port; 62. Rotating wheel; 63. Second turbine generator; 7. Guide rail frame; 71. Bearing frame; 72. Damper; 73. Spring; 74. Sleeve; 75. Limiting rod; 76. Limiting shaft; 8. Pile body. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] To better understand the above technical solutions, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0022] This invention discloses a steel-concrete composite breakwater structure for ports resistant to salt spray corrosion, based on... Figures 1 to 9 As shown, it includes: The slope foundation structure 1 has a surface covered with a composite coating 11 and a first weathering steel frame 12 embedded inside. The composite coating 11 is composed of epoxy zinc-rich primer and polyurethane topcoat, which physically isolates penetration and reduces the carbonation rate of concrete.

[0023] The steel-concrete composite vertical wall 2 has a second weathering steel frame 21 embedded inside. The sloping foundation structure 1 and the steel-concrete composite vertical wall 2 are anchored together by piles 8 that penetrate the ground. The first weathering steel frame 12 and the second weathering steel frame 21 are composed of Cu, P and Cr alloy steel. A dense rust layer is formed on the surface of the first weathering steel frame 12 and the second weathering steel frame 21 to prevent further corrosion and increase the service life by more than 50% compared with ordinary steel.

[0024] The electrochemical protection unit includes a cathodic protection grid 3 covering the surfaces of the first weathering steel frame 12 and the second weathering steel frame 21, and an anode material 31 connected by a cable. The first weathering steel frame 12 is arranged obliquely in a mesh pattern along the slope of the sloping foundation 1, and the second weathering steel frame 21 is arranged vertically and orthogonally in a mesh pattern within the steel-concrete composite vertical wall 2. The cathodic protection grid 3 is composed of titanium metal wire mesh, covering the surfaces of the first weathering steel frame 12 and the second weathering steel frame 21 and welded to conduct electricity. The cathodic protection grid 3 acts as a cathode to receive current, polarizing the entire steel frame to the anti-corrosion potential.

[0025] Breakwater zone 4 is formed by the enclosed space between the sloping foundation structure 1 and the steel-concrete composite vertical wall 2. The anode material 31 is installed inside the breakwater zone 4 and connected to the cathodic protection grid 3 through the concrete structure via an insulated cable. Multiple sets of twisted blocks 41 and fixed wave-dissipating structures 42 are arranged on the surface of the breakwater zone 4. Twisted king-shaped blocks 41 are laid at the bottom of the breakwater zone 4 in a staggered, quincunx pattern. The spacing between the blocks 41 is ≤1.5 times the block size. Fixed wave-dissipating structures 42 are placed on the side of the reinforced concrete composite vertical wall 2, spaced 3-5m apart from the twisted king-shaped blocks 41, and the two are not in direct contact. The twisted king-shaped blocks 41 are used to break up large waves, and the fixed wave-dissipating structures 42 further disperse the water flow energy through the first arc-shaped guide port 421, thus forming a synergistic wave-dissipating function.

[0026] The first wave-dissipating power generation unit 5 is installed on the top of the steel-concrete composite vertical wall 2 and extends to the water surface; The second wave-dissipating power generation unit 6 is integrated into the floating part of the first wave-dissipating power generation unit 5.

[0027] The floating section refers to the floating platform 53 and the buoy 54 integrated at its bottom. The second wave-damping power generation unit 6 is installed between the floating platforms 53. The buoy 54 provides buoyancy, causing the floating platform 53 to rise and fall with the waves, driving the boom 52 to swing and generate electricity.

[0028] The surface of the slope foundation structure 1 is covered with a composite coating 11, which physically isolates penetration and reduces the carbonation rate of concrete. A first weathering steel frame 12 is pre-embedded inside the slope foundation structure 1, and a second weathering steel frame 21 is pre-embedded inside the steel-concrete composite vertical wall 2. Both the first and second weathering steel frames 12 and 21 are composed of alloy steel, forming a dense rust layer on their surfaces to prevent further corrosion, extending their service life by more than 50% compared to ordinary steel. Furthermore, through an electrochemical protection unit—namely, a cathodic protection grid 3 covering the surfaces of the first and second weathering steel frames 12 and 21, and an anode material 31—both material and protective measures are employed. The cathodic protection grid 3 acts as a cathode to receive current, polarizing the first and second weathering steel frames 12 and 21 to their anti-corrosion potential. Seawater acts as the electrolyte medium, and the seabed environment ensures the uniform consumption of the anode material 31, preventing localized corrosion of the first and second weathering steel frames 12 and 21. Therefore, the breakwater structure's resistance to salt spray corrosion is greatly improved, effectively extending its service life and reducing long-term maintenance costs.

[0029] Building upon the aforementioned resistance to salt spray corrosion, this embodiment of the invention further utilizes the design of the breakwater zone 4, the first wave-dissipating power generation unit 5, and the second wave-dissipating power generation unit 6 to achieve efficient integration of wave dissipation and energy utilization. The twisted-tile blocks 41 and the fixed wave-dissipating structure 42 arranged in the breakwater zone 4 work collaboratively with the first wave-dissipating power generation unit 5 and the second wave-dissipating power generation unit 6. Figure 2 As shown, the first arc-shaped guide port 421 of the fixed wave-damping structure 42 guides the water flow to disperse energy, and the first wave-damping power generation unit 5 uses the wave undulations to drive the large arm 52 to swing, thereby driving the first turbine generator 51 to generate electricity. Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the second wave-dissipating power generation unit 6 drives the second turbine generator 63 to generate electricity by the rotating wheel 62 inside the movable wave-dissipating structure 61 through the impact of water flow. While achieving efficient wave dissipation, it converts wave energy into electrical energy, thus realizing the sustainable use of energy.

[0030] like Figure 2 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, a current sensor 32 is connected in series on the cable of the electrochemical protection unit. The current sensor 32 is connected to the controller 33, and the output of the controller 33 is connected to the alarm 34. The current sensor 32, the controller 33, and the alarm 34 together constitute a corrosion protection status monitoring system. This corrosion protection status monitoring system can monitor the current value of the cathodic protection grid 3 in real time and determine whether the current value is within a preset threshold range through the controller 33. When the current value is lower than the threshold range, a first alarm signal is triggered and an under-protection alarm code is output; when the current value is higher than the threshold range, a second alarm signal is triggered and an over-protection alarm code is output. The corresponding maintenance strategy is executed according to the alarm code: for the under-protection alarm code, the loss of the anode material 31 is checked, the cable connectivity is tested, and the integrity of the cathodic protection grid 3 is scanned; for the over-protection alarm code, the power output is calibrated, the seawater conductivity is detected, and the insulation layer condition is checked. After the maintenance is completed, the alarm 34 is reset through the controller 33, returning to the current monitoring step.

[0031] If the alarm issues a low protection alarm code, the possible causes are anode material wear, cable breakage, or partial detachment of the cathode protection mesh 3. If the alarm issues an over protection alarm code, the possible causes are abnormal power supply voltage, sudden change in seawater salinity, or short circuit fault.

[0032] When checking the loss of anode material 31, the remaining thickness of anode material 31 is measured using an ultrasonic thickness gauge. When testing cable continuity, the circuit resistance value is checked using a multimeter and megohmmeter. When scanning the integrity of cathodic protection grid 3, the potential uniformity of cathodic protection grid 3 is checked using a DC potential gradient detector.

[0033] For over-protection alarm codes, calibrate the power supply output. This power supply provides constant potential DC current to the anode material 31 and the cathode protection grid 3. When calibrating the power supply output, use a portable constant potential calibrator to adjust the voltage value of the constant potential calibrator. When conducting seawater conductivity testing, take seawater samples on-site to determine the ion concentration. Use a portable conductivity meter for operation. When checking the insulation layer condition, check the integrity of the polyethylene sheath of the insulated cable. Use a high-voltage leakage current detector for testing.

[0034] according to Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, the first wave-damping power generation unit 5 includes a first turbine generator 51 fixed to the top of the reinforced concrete composite vertical wall 2, a large arm 52 with one end rotatably connected to the rotor of the first turbine generator 51, a floating plate 53 movably hinged to the free end of the large arm 52, and a float 54 fixed to the bottom of the floating plate 53. The floating plate 53 drives the large arm 52 to swing by wave undulation to drive the first turbine generator 51 to generate electricity, while the float 54 is used to provide stable buoyancy to ensure that the floating plate 53 always moves in contact with the water surface.

[0035] according to Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the second wave-damping and power generation unit 6 includes a movable wave-damping structure 61 disposed between two adjacent floating platforms 53. This structure has a second arc-shaped guide port 611 through which water flows, a rotating wheel 62 installed within the second arc-shaped guide port 611, and a second turbine generator 63 coaxially connected to the rotating wheel 62. Water flows through the second arc-shaped guide port 611, impacting the rotating wheel 62 and causing it to rotate, thereby driving the second turbine generator 63 to generate electricity, thus achieving effective utilization of wave energy.

[0036] according to Figure 1 As shown, the fixed wave-damping structure 42 has a first arc-shaped guide port 421, which is used to guide the water flow to disperse energy, reduce the direct impact of waves on the breakwater, and improve the stability of the overall structure. The first arc-shaped guide port 421 adopts a semi-elliptical structure with a radius of curvature R=1.5m, a major axis of 1.8m, and a minor axis of 0.9m. Specifically, the first arc-shaped guide port 421 is used to guide the water flow to diffuse upwards.

[0037] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, adjacent floating docks 53 are fixedly connected by U-shaped connectors 531, and a buffer protection unit is provided between the movable wave-damping structure 61 and the U-shaped connectors 531. The buffer protection unit includes a guide rail frame 7 fixed to the U-shaped connectors 531, a support frame 71 slidably mounted on the guide rail frame 7, the movable wave-damping structure 61 rotatably connected to the support frame 71 via a limiting shaft 76, and dampers 72 and springs 73 symmetrically arranged between the guide rail frame 7 and the support frame 71. A sleeve 74 is fixed on the guide rail frame 7, and a limiting rod 75 that slides with the sleeve 74 is fixed on the support frame 71 to ensure that the movable wave-damping structure 61 can swing stably and absorb impact energy under wave impact.

[0038] like Figures 7 to 9 As shown, the corrosion protection status monitoring system monitors the current value of the cathodic protection grid 3 in real time through the current sensor 32, and determines whether the current value is within the preset threshold range through the controller 33, so as to ensure that the electrochemical protection unit is always in the best working state and extend the service life of the breakwater structure.

[0039] The sloping foundation structure 1 and the reinforced concrete composite vertical wall 2 are anchored together by piles 8 penetrating the ground, ensuring the stability of the overall structure and enabling it to withstand strong wave forces. Simultaneously, a current sensor 32 is connected in series with the cable of the electrochemical protection unit, and is connected to a controller 33 and an alarm 34, forming a corrosion protection status monitoring system. This system monitors the current value of the cathodic protection grid 3 in real time, and promptly alarms and outputs alarm codes when the current value is abnormal. This allows staff to execute corresponding maintenance strategies based on the alarm codes, ensuring that the breakwater structure is always in a safe and stable operating state.

[0040] according to Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the construction method includes: driving piles 8 through the ground at predetermined locations; binding a first weathering steel frame 12 in the slope area and a second weathering steel frame 21 in the vertical wall area, and welding the frames to the piles 8; laying a cathodic protection grid 3 on the surface of the frame and pre-embedding cables connecting the anode material 31; casting concrete to form the slope foundation structure 1 and the steel-concrete composite vertical wall 2, and applying a composite coating 11 to the slope surface; installing a twisted block 41 and a fixed wave-dissipating structure 42 with a first arc-shaped guide port 421 in the breakwater area 4; installing a first turbine generator 51 on the top of the vertical wall, assembling a floating plate 53 with floats 54 and a boom 52; connecting adjacent floating plates 53 through U-shaped connectors 531, and installing a second wave-dissipating power generation unit 6 and a buffer protection unit between them; activating the electrochemical protection unit by powering on, and debugging the first wave-dissipating power generation unit 5, the second wave-dissipating power generation unit 6 and the corrosion protection status monitoring system.

[0041] The working principle of this salt spray corrosion-resistant steel-concrete composite breakwater structure is as follows: Wave forces are absorbed by the sloping foundation structure 1 and the steel-concrete composite vertical wall 2. Wave energy is dispersed by the torsion block 41, the fixed wave-dissipating structure 42, and the movable wave-dissipating structure 61, achieving wave dissipation. The first wave-dissipating power generation unit 5 uses wave undulations to drive the floating platform 53, which in turn drives the first turbine generator 51 to generate electricity via the boom 52. The second wave-dissipating power generation unit 6 uses the water flow impacting the rotating wheel 62 within the movable wave-dissipating structure 61 to drive the second turbine generator 63 to generate electricity. The electrochemical protection unit forms an electrochemical circuit through the cathodic protection grid 3 and the anode material 31 to protect the weather-resistant steel frame from corrosion. The corrosion protection status monitoring system monitors the protection status in real time to ensure the durability of the breakwater structure.

[0042] The specific construction method is as follows: In the basic construction phase, vibratory pile driving was used to drive piles 8 with a diameter of Φ600mm. The pile length was determined based on the geological exploration results. A first weathering steel frame 12 was tied to the slope area, and a second weathering steel frame 21 was tied to the vertical wall area. The frames were welded to the piles.

[0043] During the protective layer construction, a cathodic protection grid 3 is laid on the surface of the skeleton, with a grid spacing of ≤500mm. When pre-embedding the anode material 31 cable, polyethylene protective pipes are used for insulation treatment, and epoxy resin sealant is applied to the cable joints.

[0044] In the concrete pouring step, C40 high-performance concrete was used, and the slope foundation structure 1 and the steel-concrete composite vertical wall 2 were poured in two stages. The slope surface was coated with a composite coating 11, which included an epoxy zinc-rich primer with a thickness of 300 μm and a polyurethane topcoat with a thickness of 200 μm. The ambient humidity during coating was ≤85%.

[0045] During the wave-damping structure installation process, the breakwater zone 4 is filled with twisted king-shaped blocks 41, with a 30cm gap between the blocks. The fixed wave-damping structure 42 uses precast concrete components, with the first arc-shaped guide port 421 having a radius of curvature R=1.5m, and ensuring a 15° angle with the horizontal plane during installation.

[0046] In the power generation system assembly step, the first turbine generator 51 is installed on top of the vertical wall. Each pair of floating disks 53 is connected by U-shaped connectors 531, with a spacing of 4m between adjacent floating disks 53. The guide rail frame 7 of the buffer protection unit is made of Q345B steel, and the damper 72 is hydraulic with a stroke of ±15°.

[0047] During the monitoring system debugging process, the switch on the electrochemical protection unit cable is closed to activate the electrochemical protection unit. The current threshold range is set to 100-500mA using a potentiostat calibrator. Controller 33 collects current data every 15 minutes. When a fault is detected, it automatically cuts off the power supply and starts the backup anode group.

[0048] The beneficial effects of this salt spray corrosion-resistant steel-concrete composite breakwater structure for ports are as follows: It exhibits excellent resistance to salt spray corrosion; the composite coating 11 and electrochemical protection unit effectively protect the steel-concrete structure, extending the breakwater's service life. It provides good wave dissipation; multiple wave-dissipating structures effectively disperse wave energy, reducing the impact of waves on port facilities. It also has power generation capabilities, utilizing wave energy to generate electricity and achieve sustainable energy use. Simultaneously, the buffer protection unit improves the structure's stability and impact resistance, and the corrosion protection status monitoring system provides real-time monitoring and timely early warning, facilitating maintenance and management.

[0049] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0050] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A steel-concrete composite breakwater structure for ports resistant to salt spray corrosion, characterized in that, include: The slope foundation structure (1) has a composite coating (11) on its surface and a first weathering steel frame (12) pre-embedded inside. The steel-concrete composite vertical wall (2) has a second weathering steel frame (21) embedded inside, and the slope foundation structure (1) and the steel-concrete composite vertical wall (2) are anchored together by piles (8) that penetrate the ground. The electrochemical protection unit includes a cathodic protection grid (3) covering the surfaces of the first weathering steel frame (12) and the second weathering steel frame (21), and an anode material (31) connected by a cable. The breakwater zone (4) is formed by the enclosed space between the slope foundation structure (1) and the steel-concrete composite vertical wall (2). The anode material (31) is installed inside the breakwater zone (4) and connected to the cathodic protection grid (3) through the concrete structure via an insulated cable. Multiple sets of twisted king-shaped blocks (41) and fixed wave-dissipating structures (42) are arranged on the surface of the breakwater zone (4). The first wave-dissipating power generation unit (5) is installed on the top of the steel-concrete composite vertical wall (2) and extends to the water surface; The second wave-dissipating power generation unit (6) is integrated into the floating part of the first wave-dissipating power generation unit (5).

2. The salt spray corrosion resistant steel-concrete composite breakwater structure for ports according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first wave-damping power generation unit (5) includes: The first turbine generator (51) is fixed to the top of the steel-concrete composite vertical wall (2). One end of the boom (52) is rotatably connected to the rotor of the first turbine generator (51). A floating platform (53) is hinged to the free end of the boom (52). The floating platform (53) drives the boom (52) to swing by wave undulation to drive the first turbine generator (51) to generate electricity. A float (54) fixed to the bottom of the floating plate (53) is used to provide buoyancy.

3. The salt spray corrosion resistant steel-concrete composite breakwater structure for ports according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second wave-damping power generation unit (6) includes: A movable wave-damping structure (61) is provided between two adjacent floating discs (53), and the movable wave-damping structure (61) has a second arc-shaped guide port (611) through which the water flows. The rotating wheel (62) is installed inside the second arc-shaped guide port (611); A second turbine generator (63) is coaxially connected to the rotating wheel (62) for generating electricity by using water flow to impact the rotating wheel (62).

4. The salt spray corrosion resistant steel-concrete composite breakwater structure for ports according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed wave-dissipating structure (42) has a first arc-shaped guide port (421), which is used to guide the water flow to disperse energy. The twisted king block (41) is laid at the bottom of the breakwater (4) and arranged in a staggered plum blossom pattern. The spacing between the twisted king blocks (41) is less than or equal to 1.5 times the block size. The fixed wave-dissipating structure (42) is arranged on the side of the steel-concrete composite vertical wall (2) and is spaced 3-5m apart from the twisted king blocks (41). The two are not in direct contact.

5. The salt spray corrosion resistant steel-concrete composite breakwater structure for ports according to claim 3, characterized in that, The adjacent floating docks (53) are fixedly connected by U-shaped connectors (531), and a buffer protection unit is provided between the movable wave-damping structure (61) and the U-shaped connectors (531).

6. The salt spray corrosion resistant steel-concrete composite breakwater structure for ports according to claim 5, characterized in that, The buffer protection unit includes: The guide rail frame (7) is fixed on the U-shaped connector (531); The support frame (71) is slidably mounted on the guide rail frame (7), and the movable wave-damping structure (61) is rotatably connected to the support frame (71) through the limiting shaft (76). Dampers (72) and springs (73) are symmetrically arranged between the guide rail frame (7) and the support frame (71).

7. The salt spray corrosion resistant steel-concrete composite breakwater structure for ports according to claim 6, characterized in that, A sleeve (74) is fixed on the guide rail frame (7), and a limiting rod (75) that slides with the sleeve (74) is fixed on the bearing frame (71).

8. The salt spray corrosion resistant steel-concrete composite breakwater structure for ports according to claim 1, characterized in that, A current sensor (32) is connected in series on the cable of the electrochemical protection unit. The current sensor (32) is connected to the controller (33). The output terminal of the controller (33) is connected to the alarm (34). The current sensor (32), the controller (33) and the alarm (34) constitute a corrosion protection status monitoring system.

9. The salt spray corrosion resistant steel-concrete composite breakwater structure for ports according to claim 8, characterized in that, The corrosion protection status monitoring system is configured to perform the following operations: S101: The current value of the cathode protection grid (3) is monitored in real time by the current sensor (32); S102: The controller (33) determines whether the current value is within a preset threshold range; S103: When the current value is lower than the threshold range, a first alarm signal is triggered and an underprotection alarm code is output; S104: When the current value is higher than the threshold range, a second alarm signal is triggered and an over-protection alarm code is output; S105: Execute the corresponding maintenance strategy based on the alarm code. The maintenance strategy includes: For the underprotection alarm code, check the loss of the anode material (31), test the cable connectivity and scan the integrity of the cathode protection grid (3); For the overprotection alarm code, calibrate the power output, detect the seawater conductivity, and check the condition of the insulation layer of the insulated cable. S106: After the maintenance strategy is completed, the alarm (34) is reset by the controller (33) and the current monitoring step S101 is returned.

10. The construction method of the salt spray corrosion resistant steel-concrete composite breakwater structure for ports according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The construction method includes the following steps: S1: Drive a pile through the ground at the predetermined location (8). S2: Tie the first weathering steel frame (12) in the slope area, tie the second weathering steel frame (21) in the vertical wall area, and weld the first weathering steel frame (12) and the second weathering steel frame (21) to the pile body (8) for fixation; S3: A cathodic protection grid (3) is laid on the surface of the first weathering steel frame (12) and the second weathering steel frame (21), and a cable for connecting the anode material (31) is pre-embedded; S4: Formwork is erected and concrete is poured to form a sloping foundation structure (1) and a steel-concrete composite vertical wall (2), and a composite coating is applied to the sloping surface (11). S5: Install a twisted block (41) and a fixed wave-dissipating structure (42) with a first arc-shaped guide port (421) in the breakwater area (4). S6: Install the first turbine generator (51) on the top of the steel-concrete composite vertical wall (2), and assemble the floating plate (53) with floats (54) and the boom (52). S7: Connect adjacent floating roofs (53) via U-shaped connectors (531), and install a second wave-damping power generation unit (6) and a buffer protection unit between adjacent floating roofs (53); S8: Power on to activate the electrochemical protection unit, and debug the first wave-dissipating power generation unit (5), the second wave-dissipating power generation unit (6), and the corrosion protection status monitoring system.

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