Field-controlled metal ion battery and external electric field applying mode thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a field-controlled metal ion battery and provides the field-controlled metal ion battery and an external electric field applying mode thereof, and the field-controlled metal ion battery comprises a metal ion battery serving as an energy core and a set of field electrodes used for applying an external electric field. The field electrode applies an external electric field with the same direction as the internal electric field of the metal ion battery to the metal ion battery; a field source and electric field distribution mode is designed for the metal ion battery. The transmission speed of metal ions is increased by relying on the electric field force with higher directivity, and the charge-discharge rate of the metal ion battery and the stability of the charge-discharge process are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of field-controlled battery technology, and particularly to a field-controlled metal ion battery and an external electric field application method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the evaluation standard of metal ion batteries, the charge and discharge rate is an important indicator for measuring the performance, and for the "rocking chair" battery, the charge and discharge rate is closely related to the migration of metal ions. The application of an external electric field with the same direction as the internal electric field of the battery can improve the stability of the catalyst on the anode and cathode surfaces and improve the service life of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0003] Since the migration process of metal ions in the electrolyte is similar to the transmission process of protons in the fuel cell, the present application is based on this inference that the application of an external electric field to metal ion batteries can also have a positive impact on the migration of ions, thereby solving the problem of limited charge and discharge rate of metal ion batteries in the prior art. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is that the charge and discharge rate of metal ion batteries is limited.

[0005] The above technical problem is solved by the following technical scheme:

[0006] The present application provides a field-controlled metal ion battery, which comprises a metal ion battery and a field electrode.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the field-controlled metal ion battery according to the present application: the metal ion battery comprises a positive electrode sheet, a separator and a negative electrode sheet, and the separator is arranged between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet;

[0008] The field electrode comprises a controllable direct current power supply, a negative field electrode and a positive field electrode, and is used to improve the charge and discharge rate of the metal ion battery, and the metal ion battery is arranged between the negative field electrode and the positive field electrode;

[0009] The negative field electrode is connected to the positive electrode of the controllable direct current power supply, and the positive field electrode is connected to the negative electrode of the controllable direct current power supply;

[0010] The positive electrode sheet and the positive field electrode are on the same side, and the negative electrode sheet and the negative field electrode are on the same side.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the field-controlled metal ion battery according to the present application: the negative field electrode and the positive field electrode are both composed of a conductive layer and an isolation layer.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the field-controlled metal-ion battery according to the present application: the conductive layer is composed of one or more of copper foil, iron foil, aluminum foil, titanium foil, lead foil.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the field-controlled metal-ion battery according to the present application: the metal-ion battery is a lithium-ion battery, a zinc-ion battery, or a sodium-ion battery.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the field-controlled metal-ion battery according to the present application: the positive electrode sheet is composed of a positive electrode active material slurry loaded on a positive electrode current collector.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the field-controlled metal-ion battery according to the present application: the negative electrode sheet is composed of a negative electrode active material slurry loaded on a negative electrode current collector.

[0016] The present application also proposes a method for applying an external electric field to a field-controlled metal-ion battery, which includes determining the direction of the electric field, setting the application mode, calculating the voltage value, and checking the voltage boundary.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the method for applying an external electric field to a field-controlled metal-ion battery according to the present application: the external electric field with the same direction as the internal electric field of the metal-ion battery itself is applied by the field electrode.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the method for applying an external electric field to a field-controlled metal-ion battery according to the present application: at least one of the following steps is included:

[0019] applying a forward external electric field when the metal-ion battery is charging;

[0020] applying a reverse external electric field when the metal-ion battery is discharging.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the method for applying an external electric field to a field-controlled metal-ion battery according to the present application: the voltage value of the external electric field is determined by the formula

[0022] V = LS / Pk

[0023] where L is the distance between the field electrodes, S is the electrode area, P is the field density tolerance of the separator, and k is a correction coefficient.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the method for applying an external electric field to a field-controlled metal-ion battery according to the present application: the voltage value of the external electric field is greater than zero and less than the electrochemical window of the electrolyte solution and the electrode active material.

[0025] The present application has the beneficial effect that the field source and electric field distribution mode are designed for metal ion batteries, the catalyst separation speed and membrane aging rate are reduced by the more directional electric field force, the metal dissolution process of the catalyst is inhibited, the proton transfer path is stabilized, and the membrane electrode life is significantly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings of the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of the present application, but not limit the present application.

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a field-controlled metal ion battery is shown;

[0028] Figure 2 A top view of a field-controlled metal ion battery is shown;

[0029] Figure 3 A side view of a field-controlled metal ion battery is shown;

[0030] Figure 4 A flowchart of the field application mode of a field-controlled metal ion battery is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments and drawings.

[0032] The terms used in the present application are those general terms currently widely used in the art in consideration of the functions about the present application, but these terms can be changed according to the intention of those skilled in the art, precedents, or new technologies in the art. In addition, specific terms can be selected by the applicant, and in this case, the detailed meaning thereof will be described in the detailed description of the present application. Therefore, the terms used in the specification should not be understood as simple names, but based on the meaning of the terms and the overall description of the present application.

[0033] Embodiment 1, Reference Figure 1 The present embodiment provides a field-controlled metal ion battery, which includes a metal ion battery 1 as an energy core and a set of field electrodes 2 for applying an external electric field.

[0034] Specifically, the metal ion battery 1 can use a lithium ion battery, a zinc ion battery or a sodium ion battery, which includes a positive electrode sheet 11, a separator 12 and a negative electrode sheet 13 as an energy core; the separator 12 is arranged between the positive electrode sheet 11 and the negative electrode sheet 13, and during assembly, the entire device is applied with a pressure of 1-5 MPa to ensure that each component is in close contact.

[0035] The base of the negative electrode sheet 13, i.e. the negative electrode current collector 132, can adopt a copper foil. Similarly, a coating layer prepared from the negative electrode active material slurry 131 is coated on the copper foil. The slurry can adopt graphite as the main active material, and is mixed with carbon black and PVDF.

[0036] The separator 12 is placed between the above-mentioned positive electrode sheet 11 and the negative electrode sheet 13, and plays a key role in isolating electrons and passing ions. When a lithium ion battery is used, a commercially available PE / PP / PE three-layer composite film can be used. When a zinc ion battery is used, glass fiber can be used. When a sodium ion battery is used, a porous polyolefin can be used.

[0037] Meanwhile, the inside of the metal ion battery 1 is infiltrated with an electrolyte, specifically 1M LiPF6 in EC / DMC, i.e. a 1-molar-per-liter EC (ethylene carbonate) / DMC (dimethyl carbonate) mixed solution of lithium hexafluorophosphate, where 1M represents the concentration of the electrolyte, i.e. 1 mole of solute per liter of solvent, and LiPF6 is lithium hexafluorophosphate. A kind of lithium salt, which, after being dissolved in the electrolyte, will decompose into lithium ions Li + and hexafluorophosphate ions PF6-. EC refers to ethylene carbonate, and DMC refers to dimethyl carbonate.

[0038] The field electrode 2, including the controllable direct current power supply 21, the negative field electrode 221 and the positive field electrode 222, is used to apply an external electric field to the metal ion battery 1, realize electric field control, and improve the charging and discharging rate of the metal ion battery; the metal ion battery 1 is arranged between the negative field electrode 221 and the positive field electrode 222.

[0039] The negative field electrode 221 is connected to the positive electrode of the controllable direct current power supply 21, and at the same time, the positive field electrode 222 is connected to the negative electrode of the controllable direct current power supply 21.

[0040] The positive electrode sheet 11 and the positive field electrode 222 are on the same side, and the negative electrode sheet 13 and the negative field electrode 221 are on the same side.

[0041] In terms of physical structure, the above-mentioned prepared lithium ion battery 1 is completely placed between the negative field electrode 221 and the positive field electrode 222. Among them, the positive electrode sheet 11 of the battery faces the side where the positive field electrode 222 is located; while the negative electrode sheet 13 of the battery faces the side where the negative field electrode 221 is located.

[0042] In terms of circuit connection, the negative field electrode 221 is connected to the positive output end of the controllable direct current power supply 21, and the positive field electrode 222 is connected to the negative output end of the controllable direct current power supply 21, to ensure that the direction of the applied external electric field is consistent with the direction of the natural electric field inside the battery.

[0043] In the assembly, the assembly pressure of the metal ion battery 1 and the field electrode 2 is 1-5 MPa, and the metal ion battery 1 is composed of a positive electrode sheet 11, a separator 12, and a negative electrode sheet 13. The positive electrode sheet 11 is composed of a positive electrode active material slurry 111 loaded on a positive electrode current collector 112. The negative electrode sheet 13 is composed of a negative electrode active material slurry 131 loaded on a negative electrode current collector 132. The field electrode 2 is composed of a controllable direct current power supply 21, a negative field electrode 221, and a positive field electrode 222. The negative field electrode 221 and the positive field electrode 222 are each composed of a conductive layer 2231 and an isolation layer 2232. The metal ion battery 1 is placed at the center of the negative field electrode 221 and the positive field electrode 222, the positive electrode sheet 11 and the positive field electrode 222 are on the same side, the negative electrode sheet 13 and the negative field electrode 221 are on the same side, the negative field electrode 221 is connected to the positive electrode of the controllable direct current power supply 212, and the positive field electrode 222 is connected to the negative electrode of the controllable high-voltage direct current power supply 211.

[0044] Embodiment 2, with reference to Figure 1 This embodiment is based on the previous embodiment and provides a field-controlled metal ion battery, which includes a metal ion battery 1 as an energy core and a set of field electrodes 2 for applying an external electric field to the metal ion battery 1.

[0045] Specifically, the metal ion battery 1 can use a lithium ion battery, a zinc ion battery, or a sodium ion battery, the field electrode 2 is composed of a controllable direct current power supply 21, a negative field electrode 221, and a positive field electrode 222, and the charging and discharging performance of the lithium ion battery is improved by applying an external electric field to the metal ion battery 1.

[0046] The metal ion battery 1 of this embodiment can use a lithium ion battery, a zinc ion battery, or a sodium ion battery. The metal ion battery 1 is completely arranged between the negative field electrode 221 and the positive field electrode 222, and the entire device is assembled under a pressure of 1-5 MPa to ensure good contact between all components. The spatial orientation follows the key positional relationship: the positive electrode sheet 11 of the battery is on the same side as the positive field electrode 222; and the negative electrode sheet 13 of the battery is on the same side as the negative field electrode 221. The entire battery 1 is immersed in a 1M LiPF6 EC / DMC mixed solution.

[0047] Specifically, as Figure 2 shown, the negative field electrode 221 and the positive field electrode 222 are each composed of a conductive layer 2231 and an isolation layer 2232. The conductive layer 2231 is a mouth-shaped layer, and the isolation layer 2232 is two mouth-shaped layers. The two isolation layers 2232 are respectively arranged inside and outside the conductive layer 2231.

[0048] The conductive layer 2231 can be one or more of a copper foil, an iron foil, an aluminum foil, a titanium foil, and a lead foil.

[0049] The insulating layer 2232 can be one or more of the following: insulating rubber pad, insulating plastic pad, and insulating tape.

[0050] In this embodiment, the conductive layer 2231 is selected from a variety of metal foils, such as aluminum foil; while the insulating layer 2232 is selected from a variety of insulating materials, such as insulating tape, to prevent short circuits between the field electrode and the battery body or the outside world.

[0051] Example 3 provides a method for applying an external electric field to a field-controlled metal-ion battery, including determining the electric field direction, setting the application mode, calculating the voltage value, and verifying the voltage boundary. This method is applicable to the field-controlled metal-ion batteries of Example 1 or 2. The core of this battery is a lithium-ion battery 1 with lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode and graphite as the negative electrode, and an externally integrated electric field application system consisting of a controllable DC power supply 21 and a field electrode 2.

[0052] The specific operation method of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0053] S1: Determine the direction of the electric field

[0054] The external electric field applied by the field electrode 2 is always aligned with the direction of the internal electric field generated by the lithium-ion battery 1 during operation, so as to synergistically promote the migration of lithium ions.

[0055] S2: Set application mode

[0056] This embodiment employs a mode in which an external electric field is applied during both the charging and discharging stages. Specifically:

[0057] When charging the lithium-ion battery 1, a positive external electric field is applied by the controllable DC power supply 21.

[0058] When it discharges, the controllable DC power supply 21 is controlled to apply a reverse external electric field.

[0059] The connection of the external electric field power supply is reversed during charging and discharging.

[0060] S3 calculates the voltage value.

[0061] In this embodiment, the applied voltage value V is based on the formula

[0062] V = LS / Pk

[0063] It was calculated precisely. The specific parameters used are:

[0064] Field electrode spacing L: 0.2 cm, electrode area S: 12 cm² 2 When the diaphragm's withstand field density P is 2V / cm and the correction factor k is 0.5, the applied voltage V in this embodiment is calculated to be 2.4V.

[0065] S4 check the voltage boundary

[0066] Finally, the calculated 2.4V voltage value is checked. The voltage value meets the condition of being greater than zero, and it is verified that it is lower than the electrochemical stability window of the electrolyte 1M LiPF6 in EC / DMC and the electrode material lithium iron phosphate / graphite used in this embodiment, ensuring that no side reactions occur in the battery during the application of an external electric field, maintaining stable operation.

[0067] When an external electric field is applied, the voltage of the controllable DC power supply 21 is controlled to apply a forward external electric field during charging. The voltage value V is determined by the field density P of the separator 12, the distance L between the negative field electrode 221 and the positive field electrode 222, the correction coefficient k, and the electrode area S, and the relationship is V = LS / Pk. The voltage value V should be greater than zero and less than the electrochemical window of the electrolyte solution and the electrode active material. The distance L needs to be less than 1 cm, and the area S should not be greater than 100 cm 2 , and the correction coefficient k ranges from 0 to 1.

[0068] When an external electric field is applied, the voltage of the controllable DC power supply 21 is controlled to apply a forward external electric field during charging. The voltage value V is determined by the field density P of the separator 12, the distance L between the negative field electrode 221 and the positive field electrode 222, the correction coefficient k, and the electrode area S, and the relationship is V = LS / Pk. The voltage value V should be greater than zero and less than the electrochemical window of the electrolyte solution and the electrode active material. The distance L needs to be less than 1 cm, and the area S should not be greater than 100 cm 2 , and the correction coefficient k ranges from 0 to 1.

[0069] When an external electric field is applied, the voltage of the controllable DC power supply 21 is controlled to apply a forward external electric field during charging. The voltage value V is determined by the field density P of the separator 12, the distance L between the negative field electrode 221 and the positive field electrode 222, the correction coefficient k, and the electrode area S, and the relationship is V = LS / Pk. The voltage value V should be greater than zero and less than the electrochemical window of the electrolyte solution and the electrode active material. The distance L needs to be less than 1 cm, and the area S should not be greater than 100 cm 2 , and the correction coefficient k ranges from 0 to 1.

[0070] In this embodiment, a field-controlled metal ion battery is provided, which includes a metal ion battery 1 as the energy core and a set of field electrodes 2 for applying an external electric field, and the assembly pressure is 3MPa.

[0071] The metal ion battery 1 is a lithium ion battery, which is composed of a positive electrode sheet 11, a separator 12, and a negative electrode sheet 13. The positive electrode sheet 11 is composed of a positive electrode active material slurry 111 loaded on a positive electrode current collector 112.

[0072] The positive active material slurry 111 is made of lithium manganate, conductive agent carbon black, and adhesive PVDF.

[0073] The positive current collector 112 is an aluminum foil.

[0074] The negative electrode sheet 13 is composed of the negative active material slurry 131 loaded on the negative current collector copper foil 132.

[0075] The negative active material slurry 131 is made of graphite, conductive agent carbon black, and adhesive PVDF.

[0076] The separator 12 is a PE / PP / PE three-layer composite film.

[0077] The electrolyte is 1M LiPF6 in EC / DMC.

[0078] The field electrode 2 is composed of a controllable direct current power supply 21, a negative field electrode 221, and a positive field electrode 222. The negative field electrode 221 and the positive field electrode 222 are each composed of a conductive layer 2231 and an insulating layer 2232. The lithium ion battery 1 is placed at the center of the negative field electrode 221 and the positive field electrode 222, the positive electrode sheet 11 and the positive field electrode 222 are on the same side, and the negative electrode sheet 13 and the negative field electrode 221 are on the same side. The negative field electrode 221 is connected to the positive electrode of the controllable direct current power supply 212, and the positive field electrode 222 is connected to the negative electrode of the controllable high-voltage direct current power supply 211.

[0079] During charging, the voltage of the controllable direct current power supply 21 is controlled to apply a positive external electric field, the voltage value V is 1.2V, the interval L is 0.1cm, the area is 12cm2, the withstand field density P is 2V cm-1, and the correction coefficient k is 0.5.

[0080] Example 5 provides a field-controlled metal ion battery, which includes a metal ion battery 1 as an energy core and a set of field electrodes 2 for applying an external electric field, and the assembly pressure is 3MPa.

[0081] The metal ion battery 1 is a lithium ion battery, which is composed of a positive electrode sheet 11, a separator 12, and a negative electrode sheet 13.

[0082] The separator 12 is a PE / PP / PE three-layer composite film.

[0083] The positive electrode sheet 11 is composed of a positive active material slurry 111 loaded on a positive current collector 112. The positive active material slurry 111 is made of lithium iron phosphate, conductive agent carbon black, and adhesive PVDF. The positive current collector 112 is an aluminum foil.

[0084] The negative electrode sheet 13 is composed of a negative electrode active material slurry 131 loaded on a negative electrode current collector 132. The negative electrode active material slurry 131 is made by mixing graphite, conductive agent carbon black, and adhesive PVDF. The negative electrode current collector 132 is a copper foil.

[0085] The electrolyte is 1M LiPF6in EC / DMC.

[0086] The field electrode 2 is composed of a controllable direct current power supply 21, a negative field electrode 221, and a positive field electrode 222. The negative field electrode 221 and the positive field electrode 222 are each composed of a conductive layer 2231 and an insulating layer 2232. The lithium ion battery 1 is placed at the center of the negative field electrode 221 and the positive field electrode 222, the positive electrode sheet 11 and the positive field electrode 222 are on the same side, and the negative electrode sheet 13 and the negative field electrode 221 are on the same side. The negative field electrode 221 is connected to the positive electrode of the controllable direct current power supply 212, and the positive field electrode 222 is connected to the negative electrode of the controllable high-voltage direct current power supply 211.

[0087] During discharging, the voltage of the controllable direct current power supply 21 is controlled to apply a reverse external electric field, the voltage value V is 1.2V, the interval L is 0.1cm, the area S is 12cm2, the withstand field density P is 2V cm-1, and the correction coefficient k is 0.5.

[0088] Example 6 provides a field-controlled metal ion battery, which includes a metal ion battery 1 as an energy core and a set of field electrodes 2 for applying an external electric field, and the assembly pressure is 3MPa.

[0089] The metal ion battery 1 is a lithium ion battery, which is composed of a positive electrode sheet 11, a separator 12, and a negative electrode sheet 13.

[0090] The separator 12 is a PE / PP / PE three-layer composite film.

[0091] The positive electrode sheet 11 is composed of a positive electrode active material slurry 111 loaded on a positive electrode current collector 112. The positive electrode active material slurry 111 is made by mixing lithium iron phosphate, conductive agent carbon black, and adhesive PVDF. The positive electrode current collector 112 is an aluminum foil.

[0092] The negative electrode sheet 13 is composed of a negative electrode active material slurry 131 loaded on a negative electrode current collector 132. The negative electrode active material slurry 131 is made by mixing graphite, conductive agent carbon black, and adhesive PVDF. The negative electrode current collector 132 is a copper foil.

[0093] The electrolyte is 1M LiPF6in EC / DMC.

[0094] The field electrode 2 is composed of a controllable direct current power supply 21, a negative field electrode 221 and a positive field electrode 222. The negative field electrode 221 and the positive field electrode 222 are both composed of a conductive layer 2231 and an insulating layer 2232. The lithium ion battery 1 is placed in the center of the negative field electrode 221 and the positive field electrode 222, the positive electrode sheet 11 and the positive field electrode 222 are on the same side, and the negative electrode sheet 13 and the negative field electrode 221 are on the same side. The negative field electrode 221 is connected to the positive pole of the controllable direct current power supply 212, and the positive field electrode 222 is connected to the negative pole of the controllable high-voltage direct current power supply 211.

[0095] The voltage of the controllable direct current power supply 21 is controlled to apply an external electric field during charging, and the voltage of the controllable direct current power supply 21 is controlled to apply a reverse external electric field during discharging. The voltage value V is 2.4 V, the distance L is 0.2 cm, the area S is 12 cm2, the tolerance field density P is 2 V / cm, and the correction coefficient k is 0.5.

[0096] In Example 7, a field-controlled metal ion battery is provided, which includes a metal ion battery 1 as an energy core and a set of field electrodes 2 for applying an external electric field, and the assembly pressure is 3 MPa.

[0097] The metal ion battery 1 is a zinc ion battery, which is composed of a positive electrode sheet 11, a separator 12 and a negative electrode sheet 13.

[0098] The separator 12 is glass fiber.

[0099] The positive electrode sheet 11 is composed of a positive electrode active material slurry 111 loaded on a positive electrode current collector 112. The positive electrode active material slurry 111 is mixed by manganese dioxide, acetylene black conductive agent and adhesive PVDF. The positive electrode current collector 112 is a carbon-coated aluminum foil.

[0100] The negative electrode sheet 13 is a zinc sheet.

[0101] The electrolyte is a mixed solution of 2M ZnSO4 and 0.3M MnSO4.

[0102] The field electrode 2 is composed of a controllable direct current power supply 21, a negative field electrode 221 and a positive field electrode 222. The negative field electrode 221 and the positive field electrode 222 are both composed of a conductive layer 2231 and an insulating layer 2232. The zinc ion battery 1 is placed in the center of the negative field electrode 221 and the positive field electrode 222, the positive electrode sheet 11 and the positive field electrode 222 are on the same side, and the negative electrode sheet 13 and the negative field electrode 221 are on the same side. The negative field electrode 221 is connected to the positive pole of the controllable direct current power supply 212, and the positive field electrode 222 is connected to the negative pole of the controllable high-voltage direct current power supply 211.

[0103] The voltage of the controllable direct current power supply 21 is controlled to apply a forward external electric field during charging. The voltage value V is 1.2 V, the interval L is 0.1 cm, the area S is 12 cm2, the withstanding field density P is 2 V / cm, and the correction coefficient k is 0.5.

[0104] Example 8, which is based on Example 7, provides a field-controlled metal-ion battery with an assembly pressure of 3 MPa.

[0105] The voltage of the controllable direct current power supply 21 is controlled to apply a reverse external electric field during discharging. The voltage value V is 1.2 V, the interval L is 0.1 cm, the area S is 12 cm2, the withstanding field density P is 2 V / cm, and the correction coefficient k is 0.5.

[0106] Example 9, which is based on Example 7, provides a field-controlled metal-ion battery with an assembly pressure of 3 MPa.

[0107] The voltage of the controllable direct current power supply 21 is controlled to apply an external electric field during charging and a reverse external electric field during discharging. The voltage value V is 2.4 V, the interval L is 0.2 cm, the area S is 12 cm2, the withstanding field density P is 2 V / cm, and the correction coefficient k is 0.5.

[0108] Example 10 provides a field-controlled metal-ion battery, which includes a metal-ion battery 1 as an energy core and a set of field electrodes 2 for applying an external electric field, and has an assembly pressure of 3 MPa.

[0109] The metal-ion battery 1 is a sodium-ion battery, which is composed of a positive electrode sheet 11, a separator 12, and a negative electrode sheet 13.

[0110] The separator 12 is a polyolefin film.

[0111] The positive electrode sheet 11 is composed of a positive electrode active material slurry 111 loaded on a positive electrode current collector 112. The positive electrode active material slurry 111 is prepared by mixing NaNiO2, acetylene black conductive agent, and adhesive PVDF. The positive electrode current collector 112 is an aluminum foil.

[0112] The negative electrode sheet 13 is composed of hard carbon.

[0113] The electrolyte is a 1M NaClO4 solution.

[0114] The field electrode 2 is composed of a controllable direct current power supply 21, a negative field electrode 221 and a positive field electrode 222. The negative field electrode 221 and the positive field electrode 222 are both composed of a conductive layer 2231 and an insulating layer 2232. The sodium ion battery 1 is placed in the center of the negative field electrode 221 and the positive field electrode 222, the positive electrode sheet 11 and the positive field electrode 222 are on the same side, and the negative electrode sheet 13 and the negative field electrode 221 are on the same side. The negative field electrode 221 is connected to the positive electrode of the controllable direct current power supply 212, and the positive field electrode 222 is connected to the negative electrode of the controllable high-voltage direct current power supply 211.

[0115] During charging, the voltage of the controllable direct current power supply 21 is controlled to apply a forward external electric field, the voltage value V is 1.2V, the interval L is 0.1cm, the area S is 12cm2, the withstanding field density P is 2V / cm, and the correction coefficient k is 0.5.

[0116] In example 11, a field-controlled metal ion battery is provided, which has the same device as example 10, and the assembly pressure is 3MPa.

[0117] During discharging, the voltage of the controllable direct current power supply 21 is controlled to apply a reverse external electric field, the voltage value V is 1.2V, the interval L is 0.1cm, the area S is 12cm2, the withstanding field density P is 2V / cm, and the correction coefficient k is 0.5.

[0118] In example 12, a field-controlled metal ion battery is provided, which has the same device as example 10, and the assembly pressure is 3MPa.

[0119] During charging, the voltage of the controllable direct current power supply 21 is controlled to apply an external electric field, and during discharging, the voltage of the controllable direct current power supply 21 is controlled to apply a reverse external electric field. The voltage value V is 2.4V, the interval L is 0.2cm, the area S is 12cm2, the withstanding field density P is 2V / cm, and the correction coefficient k is 0.5.

[0120] Finally, it should be pointed out that the above detailed description of the method and device is only an embodiment, and those skilled in the art can modify the embodiment in different ways without departing from the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A field-controlled metal-ion battery, characterized in that: include, A metal-ion battery (1) includes a positive electrode (11), a separator (12) and a negative electrode (13) as the energy core; the separator (12) is disposed between the positive electrode (11) and the negative electrode (13); The field electrode (2) includes a controllable DC power supply (21), a negative field electrode (221) and a positive field electrode (222), which are used to apply an external electric field to the metal-ion battery (1) to improve the charging and discharging rate of the metal-ion battery; the metal-ion battery (1) is disposed between the negative field electrode (221) and the positive field electrode (222); The negative field electrode (221) is connected to the positive terminal of the controllable DC power supply (21), while the positive field electrode (222) is connected to the negative terminal of the controllable DC power supply (21). The positive electrode (11) and the positive field electrode (222) are on the same side, and the negative electrode (13) and the negative field electrode (221) are on the same side.

2. The field-controlled metal-ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the negative field electrode (221) and the positive field electrode (222) are composed of a conductive layer (2231) and an insulating layer (2232).

3. The field-controlled metal-ion battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The conductive layer (2231) is composed of one or more of copper foil, iron foil, aluminum foil, titanium foil, and lead foil.

4. The field-controlled metal-ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal-ion battery (1) is a lithium-ion battery, a zinc-ion battery, or a sodium-ion battery.

5. The field-controlled metal-ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive electrode sheet (11) is formed by loading a positive electrode active material slurry (111) onto a positive electrode current collector (112).

6. The field-controlled metal-ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative electrode sheet (13) is formed by loading a negative electrode active material slurry (131) onto a negative electrode current collector (132).

7. A method for applying an external electric field to a field-controlled metal-ion battery, applicable to the field-controlled metal-ion battery as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: An external electric field with the same direction as the internal electric field of the metal-ion battery (1) is applied through the field electrode (2).

8. The method of applying an external electric field to a field-controlled metal-ion battery according to claim 7, characterized in that, Includes at least one of the following steps: A positive external electric field is applied during the charging of the metal-ion battery (1); A reverse external electric field is applied when the metal-ion battery (1) is discharging.

9. The method of applying an external electric field to a field-controlled metal-ion battery according to claim 8, characterized in that: The voltage value (V) of the applied electric field is given by the formula V = LS / Pk The value is determined, where L is the field electrode spacing, S is the electrode area, P is the field density that the diaphragm can withstand, and k is the correction coefficient.

10. The method for applying an external electric field to a field-controlled metal-ion battery according to claim 9, characterized in that: The voltage (V) of the applied electric field is greater than zero and less than the electrochemical window of the electrolyte solution and the electrode active material.

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