Negative ion preparation method and device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of negative ion preparation, and discloses a negative ion preparation method and device, the method is applied to a negative ion preparation system, the system comprises a light emitting unit, a catalysis unit and a reactant transfer unit which are correspondingly arranged, the photocatalyst is titanium dioxide and other metals or metal oxides; the method comprises the following steps: starting the light-emitting unit to generate light with the wavelength of 150-400nm to irradiate the surface of the catalytic unit; the photocatalyst absorbs photon energy and promotes valence band electrons to be stimulated to transition to a conduction band, so that excited-state electron-hole pairs are formed; excited state electrons migrate to the surface from the interior of the catalytic unit through the conductor; a preset reactant is transferred to the surface of the catalysis unit through the reactant transfer unit; and the excited electrons migrated to the surface are in contact reaction with a preset reactant to generate negative ions. The method drives the reaction by light energy, reduces the loss, and improves the ion generation efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of negative ion preparation, in particular to a negative ion preparation method and device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, negative ions have shown unique value in disease prevention and health maintenance because they can directly remove active oxygen free radicals through electron transfer, and their biological effects have been widely recognized by the academic community.

[0003] However, current negative ion preparation methods mainly rely on two ways: one is to use waterfall effect to make the surrounding air carry negative electricity to generate negative ions, and the other is to generate electrons through high-voltage sharp discharge to promote air to combine with electrons to generate negative ions. Both of the above methods consume a large amount of energy, and have the problem of low ion yield, resulting in high preparation cost, which seriously restricts the large-scale application and promotion of negative ions in the fields of medical treatment, health and the like. SUMMARY

[0004] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a negative ion preparation method and device, which aims to solve the technical problems of high energy consumption, low yield and high cost caused by the current negative ion preparation methods mainly relying on waterfall effect and high-voltage sharp discharge.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned application purpose, the present application provides a negative ion preparation method applied to a negative ion preparation system, the preparation system comprising a light emitting unit, a catalytic unit and a reactant delivery unit arranged correspondingly, wherein the catalytic unit comprises a photocatalyst and a conductor, comprising: starting the light emitting unit, and irradiating light generated by the light emitting unit on the surface of the catalytic unit, wherein the wavelength of the light is 150-400 nm; based on the photocatalyst in the catalytic unit absorbing photon energy in the light, exciting the electrons in the valence band of the photocatalyst to jump to the conduction band to form an excited state electron-hole pair, wherein the catalytic unit comprises titanium dioxide and other metals or metal oxides; migrating the excited state electrons from the inside of the catalytic unit to the surface of the catalytic unit through the conductor; based on the reactant delivery unit delivering a predetermined reactant to the surface of the catalytic unit; the excited state electrons migrated to the surface of the catalytic unit contact the predetermined reactant and react to generate negative ions.

[0006] Further, the step of based on the photocatalyst in the catalytic unit absorbing photon energy in the light, exciting the electrons in the valence band of the photocatalyst to jump to the conduction band to form an excited state electron-hole pair, comprises: The strip pattern structure is formed by alternately depositing two semiconductor materials, and the heterojunction interface is subjected to hydroxylation treatment to obtain a Z-type heterojunction photocatalytic layer, wherein the semiconductor material is titanium dioxide or titanium dioxide doped with other metal or non-metal elements, the metal elements include but are not limited to copper Cu, gold Au, rhodium Rh, silver Ag, cadmium Cd, ruthenium Ru, iron Fe, manganese Mn, tungsten W, and the non-metals include but are not limited to sulfur S, nitrogen N, carbon C, boron B, and phosphorus P. The metal cluster and two-dimensional material are introduced to construct a van der Waals heterojunction according to the Z-type heterojunction photocatalytic layer, a covalent bond coupling interface is formed by an annealing process, and a photocatalytic layer with an interface coupling structure is obtained, wherein the annealing process is one or a combination of annealing, tempering, quenching and normalizing, such as quenching + tempering. The photocatalytic layer with the interface coupling structure is subjected to a single-atom catalytic site construction operation, and the uniform dispersion of single atoms on the surface of the catalyst is realized by a defect induction method to obtain a photocatalytic layer with modified single-atom sites. The photocatalytic layer with the modified single-atom sites is subjected to a gradient defect treatment operation to form a defect concentration gradient distribution from the surface to the bulk, and a photocatalytic layer with a gradient defect structure is obtained. The photocatalytic layer with the gradient defect structure is subjected to a light excitation operation to make the valence band electrons jump to the conduction band, and the built-in electric field in the heterojunction is used to realize the preliminary separation of charges to obtain a photocatalytic system with separated charges. Based on the photocatalytic system with separated charges, the surface plasmonic effect of the metal cluster is used to regulate light absorption, and the synergistic effect of the single-atom catalytic site and the gradient defect is used to regulate the charge transport path to form an excited state electron-hole pair.

[0007] Further, the step of the photocatalytic layer with the modified single-atom sites being subjected to a gradient defect treatment operation to form a defect concentration gradient distribution from the surface to the bulk to obtain a photocatalytic layer with a gradient defect structure includes: The photocatalytic layer with the modified single-atom sites is subjected to a plasma surface treatment to obtain a photocatalytic layer with an initial defect concentration gradient; The photocatalytic layer with the initial defect concentration gradient is subjected to an ion implantation treatment to obtain a photocatalytic layer with a defect distribution in the depth direction; The photocatalytic layer with the defect distribution in the depth direction is subjected to a temperature gradient heat treatment to obtain a photocatalytic layer after defect migration regulation; The atmosphere gradient of the photocatalytic layer after defect migration regulation is regulated to obtain a photocatalytic layer with a fixed defect chemical state; The photocatalytic layer with the fixed defect chemical state is subjected to a secondary temperature gradient treatment to obtain a photocatalytic layer with a gradient defect structure.

[0008] Further, the step of transferring the excited state electron from inside the catalytic unit to the surface of the catalytic unit through the conductor includes: A transmission skeleton is constructed based on a porous conductive skeleton, and a porous conductive transmission skeleton is obtained, wherein the porous conductive skeleton is a pure metal foam skeleton or a porous conductive ceramic skeleton, and the pure metal foam skeleton includes but is not limited to copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), gold (Au), silver (Ag), and a multi-metal mixed foam net, and the porous conductive ceramic skeleton includes but is not limited to copper oxide, aluminum oxide, and zinc oxide. According to the porous conductive ceramic transmission skeleton, an array growth operation of carbon nanotubes is performed on the inner wall of the pore channel of the porous conductive ceramic transmission skeleton, and a transmission skeleton with an array of carbon nanotubes is obtained. Based on the transmission skeleton with the array of carbon nanotubes, a metal nanoparticle loading operation is performed on the surface of the array of carbon nanotubes, a conductive network is formed, and a structure with a conductive network is obtained. Through the structure with the conductive network, a semiconductor thin layer growth operation is performed on the surface of the metal nanoparticles, a metal-semiconductor heterojunction is formed, and a structure with a heterojunction is obtained. According to the structure with the heterojunction, an electrophilic treatment is performed on the inner wall of the porous ceramic pore channel and the surface of the carbon nanotube, and a composite path treated by electrophilic treatment is obtained. Based on the composite path treated by electrophilic treatment, the excited state electron is transmitted, so that the excited state electron is transferred from inside the catalytic unit to the surface of the catalytic unit.

[0009] Further, the step of performing an electrophilic treatment on the inner wall of the porous ceramic pore channel and the surface of the carbon nanotube based on the structure with the heterojunction to obtain a composite path treated by electrophilic treatment includes: The structure with the heterojunction is taken as a treatment substrate. Based on the treatment substrate, an oxygen plasma is used to perform surface etching to obtain a pretreated surface containing oxygen functional groups. A solution containing high-valence metal ions is prepared, and the pretreated surface containing oxygen functional groups is immersed in the solution for adsorption to obtain a surface adsorbing metal ions. A solution containing cyano silane is prepared, and the surface adsorbing metal ions is immersed in the solution to make the cyano silane react with the residual functional groups on the surface. The surface after the reaction is subjected to a standing treatment to make the cyano silane fully combine. The structure after standing is washed to remove uncombined substances, and a modified surface is obtained. Through the above etching, adsorption, reaction, standing, and washing processes, a composite path treated by electrophilic treatment is formed.

[0010] Further, the step of transferring the preset reactant to the surface of the catalytic unit based on the reactant delivery unit includes: A concentration gradient field is constructed based on the preset reactant concentration, so that the reactants diffuse to the surface of the catalytic unit under the driving force of concentration difference; The diffused reactants are subjected to fluid shear treatment to break the diffusion boundary layer of the reactants; An electric field is applied to the sheared reactants to drive the directional migration of the charged reactants; The directionally migrated reactants are combined with the magnetic carriers to form magnetic complexes; A gradient magnetic field is applied to the magnetic complexes to guide the enrichment of the magnetic complexes to the surface of the catalytic unit; The preset reactants are released to the surface of the catalytic unit by desorption of the magnetic complexes on the surface of the catalytic unit.

[0011] Further, the step of applying a gradient magnetic field to the magnetic complexes to guide the enrichment of the magnetic complexes to the surface of the catalytic unit comprises: A Halbach permanent magnet array is constructed to form a basic gradient magnetic field; A radial multipole magnetic field is superimposed on the periphery of the basic gradient magnetic field to form a composite gradient field; Orthogonal saddle coils are arranged on both sides of the surface of the catalytic unit, which generate dynamic gradient components; Pulse current is applied to the orthogonal saddle coils to realize the spatiotemporal regulation of the gradient magnetic field; Based on the synergistic effect of the composite gradient field and the dynamic gradient component, the magnetic complexes are guided to directionally migrate and enrich on the surface of the catalytic unit.

[0012] Further, the step of contacting the excited state electrons migrated to the surface of the catalytic unit with the preset reactants and reacting to generate negative ions comprises: The photocatalyst is subjected to sulfur element doping treatment to form an electron-rich surface; Single-atom active sites are constructed based on the electron-rich surface as electron-reactant contact reaction centers; A porous adsorption material is covered on the surface of the single-atom active site modified photocatalyst to form a reactant enrichment layer; A directional transport channel is constructed in the reactant enrichment layer to connect the surface of the photocatalyst and the pores of the reactant enrichment layer; Based on the directional transport channel, the excited state electrons are guided to contact the enriched preset reactants to generate negative ions by redox reaction.

[0013] Further, the step of starting the light-emitting unit and irradiating the light generated by the light-emitting unit on the surface of the catalytic unit comprises: Multi-band lasers are coupled to obtain a combined laser; Based on the combined laser, a fiber array transmission process is performed to obtain an arrayed laser beam; A parabolic reflection condensing process is performed on the arrayed laser beam to obtain converging light rays; A microlens array homogenization process is performed on the converging light rays to obtain a uniform light spot; The uniform light spot is irradiated on the surface of the catalytic unit.

[0014] The application further provides a negative ion preparation device for implementing the negative ion preparation method in any of the above embodiments, and applied to a negative ion preparation system, the preparation system comprising a light emitting unit, a catalytic unit and a reactant delivery unit arranged correspondingly, wherein the catalytic unit comprises a photocatalyst and a conductor, and comprises: A starting module is configured to start the light emitting unit, and irradiate light rays generated by the light emitting unit on the surface of the catalytic unit, wherein the wavelength of the light rays is 150 nm-400 nm; A transition module is configured to excite the electrons in the valence band of the photocatalyst to jump to the conduction band to form an excited state electron-hole pair based on the photocatalyst in the catalytic unit absorbing photon energy in the light rays, wherein the catalytic unit comprises titanium dioxide and other metals or metal oxides; A migration module is configured to migrate the excited state electrons from the inside of the catalytic unit to the surface of the catalytic unit through the conductor; A delivery module is configured to deliver a preset reactant to the surface of the catalytic unit based on the reactant delivery unit; A contact module is configured to contact the excited state electrons migrated to the surface of the catalytic unit with the preset reactant and react to generate negative ions. Advantages

[0015] The application relates to a negative ion preparation method applied to a negative ion preparation system, and the preparation system comprises a light emitting unit, a catalyst unit and a reactant delivery unit arranged correspondingly, wherein the catalyst unit comprises a photocatalyst and a conductor, and the method comprises the following steps: starting the light emitting unit, and irradiating light generated by the light emitting unit on the surface of the catalyst unit, wherein the wavelength of the light is 150-400 nm; based on the photocatalyst in the catalyst unit absorbing photon energy in the light, the electrons in the valence band of the photocatalyst are excited to jump to the conduction band to form an excited state electron-hole pair, wherein the catalyst unit comprises titanium dioxide and other metals or metal oxides; the excited state electrons are migrated from the inside of the catalyst unit to the surface of the catalyst unit through the conductor; based on the reactant delivery unit, preset reactants are delivered to the surface of the catalyst unit; the excited state electrons migrated to the surface of the catalyst unit are contacted with the preset reactants and react to generate negative ions. Therefore, without relying on the water flow energy required by the waterfall effect or the electric energy input of high-voltage sharp discharge, the reaction can be driven only by providing light energy by the light emitting unit, the energy conversion path is more direct, energy loss is reduced, the excited state electrons are efficiently generated by using the electron jump mechanism of the photocatalyst, and the electrons are ensured to fully react with the reactants by directional migration through the conductor, invalid loss is reduced, ion generation efficiency is improved, material cost and equipment maintenance cost are lower, and the application is beneficial to large-scale application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A flow chart of the negative ion preparation method of an embodiment of the application; Figure 2 A schematic block diagram of the preparation system of an embodiment of the application; Figure 3 A schematic block diagram of the negative ion preparation device of an embodiment of the application.

[0017] Wherein: 1, preparation system; 2, light emitting unit; 3, catalyst unit; 4, reactant delivery unit; 30, photocatalyst; 31, conductor; 10, negative ion preparation device; 11, starting module; 12, jump module; 13, migration module; 14, delivery module; 15, contact module.

[0018] The implementation, functional features and advantages of the application will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the application, and are not used to limit the application.

[0020] In the description of the application, it is to be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements indicated thereby must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the application. In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated thereby. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited.

[0021] In the description of the application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0022] In the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the "upper" or "lower" of the first feature to the second feature can include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, the "above", "over" and "on" of the first feature to the second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The "below", "under" and "under" of the first feature to the second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.

[0023] It is to be understood that the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It is further understood that the terms "comprise" and "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, modules, modules, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, modules, modules, components, and / or groups thereof. It is further understood that when we refer to one element being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or intervening elements can be present. In addition, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein can include wirelessly connected or wirelessly coupled. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes all or any of the associated listed items.

[0024] It is to be understood that the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It is further understood that the terms "comprise" and "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, modules, modules, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, modules, modules, components, and / or groups thereof. It is further understood that when we refer to one element being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or intervening elements can be present. In addition, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein can include wirelessly connected or wirelessly coupled. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes all or any of the associated listed items.

[0025] Reference Figures 1-2 The present embodiment provides a method for preparing negative ions, which is applied to a negative ion preparation system 1, the preparation system 1 comprising a light emitting unit 2, a catalytic unit 3 and a reactant delivery unit 4 arranged correspondingly, wherein the catalytic unit 3 comprises a photocatalyst 30 and a conductor 31, comprising: S1: starting the light emitting unit 2, and irradiating light generated by the light emitting unit 2 on the surface of the catalytic unit 3, wherein the wavelength of the light is 150-400 nm; S2: based on the photocatalyst 30 in the catalytic unit 3 absorbing photon energy in the light, the electrons in the valence band of the photocatalyst 30 are excited to jump to the conduction band to form an excited state electron-hole pair, wherein the catalytic unit 3 comprises titanium dioxide and other metals or metal oxides; S3: the excited state electrons are migrated from the inside of the catalytic unit 3 to the surface of the catalytic unit 3 through the conductor 31; S4: based on the reactant delivery unit 4 delivering a predetermined reactant to the surface of the catalytic unit 3; S5: the excited state electrons migrated to the surface of the catalytic unit 3 are contacted with the predetermined reactant and react to generate negative ions.

[0026] In the above embodiment, the anion preparation method is applied to the anion preparation system 1, wherein the preparation system 1 comprises a light emitting unit 2, a catalytic unit 3 and a reactant delivery unit 4, the light emitting unit 2 refers to a device capable of emitting light in a specific wavelength range to activate the photocatalyst 30 in the catalytic unit 3; the light source can be an LED lamp, a laser or natural light, which is adjusted to the appropriate wavelength to excite the photocatalyst 30, that is, the light emitted by the light emitting unit 2, the wavelength of which is 150-400 nm, that is, the light emitting unit 2 used in the present patent can be replaced by a light emitting device capable of emitting monochromatic light of this wavelength, or even sunlight instead of the light emitting unit 2 used in the present patent. The catalytic unit 3 comprises a photocatalyst 30 and a conductor 31, and the catalytic unit 3 used can be a mixture of the photocatalyst 30 and any other supporting material, or even pure photocatalyst 30, so the catalytic unit 3 can be replaced by any shape and any proportion of the mixture of the photocatalyst 30 and other materials, wherein the photocatalyst 30 is a material capable of generating electron-hole pairs after absorbing photons, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), and the conductor 31 is a medium for migrating excited state electrons from the inside of the photocatalyst 30 to the surface, which is commonly a metal or a conductive ceramic, etc. The reactant delivery unit 4 is responsible for delivering the pre-set gas, that is, the pre-set reactant (such as air) to the surface of the catalytic unit 3, and the delivered reactant can be any form of gas, that is, air, a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen, hydrogen, etc., so the reactant delivery unit 4 can be replaced by any gas ratio of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, water vapor, etc.; the light emitting unit 2, the catalytic unit 3 and the reactant delivery unit 4 are preferably arranged in the supporting device of the anion preparation system 1, and a driving power source can be connected with the light emitting unit 2, and the light emitting unit 2, the catalytic unit 3 and the reactant delivery unit 4 are arranged in sequence on the support.

[0027] For step S1, first, the relative position between the light emitting unit 2 and the catalytic unit 3 needs to be accurately adjusted to ensure that they are in the best spatial correspondence state, and the light emitting unit 2 can be aligned with the surface of the catalytic unit 3 at the optimal angle by mechanical means or manual adjustment to maximize the utilization of light energy; then, at least one suitable light source is selected from the multiple light sources contained in the light emitting unit 2, and the light source is started, the catalytic unit contains titanium dioxide and other metals or metal oxides, and the titanium dioxide and the metal oxides are prepared into a heterojunction photocatalyst in the manner shown herein, for example, if the photocatalyst 30 used is TiO2, a light source with a wavelength in the ultraviolet region needs to be selected, and the generated light is then filtered and focused to remove unnecessary wavelengths and enhance the intensity and directivity of the light beam, thereby forming an irradiation light beam with a pre-set spectral characteristic; finally, the position of the light emitting unit 2 or the catalytic unit 3 is adjusted according to the first pre-set angle, so that the final irradiation light beam can be accurately projected to the reaction surface of the catalytic unit 3 at the second pre-set angle.

[0028] For step S2, when the light generated by the light-emitting unit 2 irradiates the surface of the catalytic unit 3, the photocatalyst 30 begins to absorb the photon energy in the light, generates an excited state electron-hole pair, and migrates these carriers (e⁻ and h⁺) from the inside of the catalyst to the surface of the catalytic unit 3 via the conductor 31. The excited state hole migrates to the other surface of the catalytic unit through the conductor and is consumed by reacting with the sacrificial agent; first, the photons in the light enter the catalytic unit 3 at a certain angle and penetrate its surface protection structure. These photons travel straight through the dispersion medium and finally arrive at the surface of the photocatalyst 30 at a perpendicular angle. The active sites on the surface of the photocatalyst 30 recognize and capture these photons and receive their energy; once the energy of the photons is captured, the electrons in the valence band of the photocatalyst 30 are excited and transition from the ground state to the conduction band, forming an excited state electron and hole pair. In this process, the valence band electrons absorb photon energy and transition to the conduction band, overcoming the energy level barrier between the valence band and the conduction band. At the same time, a positively charged hole is left at the original valence site. The excited state electron and hole interact through electrostatic attraction and are spatially separated by the internal charge separation mechanism of the catalyst, laying the foundation for the subsequent directional migration of the excited state electron to the surface of the catalytic unit 3 through the conductor 31 and further reacting with the reactant to generate negative ions.

[0029] For step S3, in the process of preparing negative ions, the migration of the excited state electron from the inside of the catalytic unit 3 to the surface through the conductor 31 is a key step. First, the excited state electron diffuses freely in the conduction band of the photocatalyst 30 along the charge concentration gradient and transfers energy through lattice vibration. When these electrons reach the contact interface between the photocatalyst 30 and the conductor 31, charge transfer is completed through energy level matching, entering the conductor 31 and combining with free electrons to form carriers. Then, the carriers migrate directionally along the predetermined conductive channel, using lattice defects in the conductor 31 as relay points to ensure migration efficiency. Finally, the carriers near the surface of the catalytic unit 3 penetrate the interface potential barrier, reach the surface and are fixed through surface lattice sites.

[0030] For steps S4-S5, first, in step S4, the reactant delivery unit 4 receives and processes the preset reactant, such as air or other specific gas, and the reactant delivery unit delivers the preset reactant (selected from at least one of oxygen, water molecules, carbon dioxide) to the surface of the catalytic unit, the reactant molecules are attached to the inlet surface by physical adsorption, and then diffuse along the internal preset channel in a directional manner, during which they form a weak interaction with the inner wall of the channel, when the molecules reach the outlet of the delivery unit, they identify the active site and form a temporary coordination bond with it, based on charge interaction, the excited state electrons that have migrated to the surface of the catalytic unit 3 move to the preset reaction region through the energy level gradient, and the preset reactant molecules are chemically adsorbed in this region, the electrons and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the reactant molecules overlap, and the electrons are injected into the reactant molecules through orbital coupling, the reactant molecules accept the electrons and undergo bond length and bond angle distortion to adapt to the negative ion configuration, and finally form a stable negative ion structure through charge redistribution.

[0031] In this embodiment, the light emitting unit 2 is started, and the light generated by the light emitting unit 2 is irradiated on the surface of the catalytic unit 3; based on the photocatalyst 30 in the catalytic unit 3 absorbing photon energy in the light, the electrons in the valence band of the photocatalyst 30 are excited to jump to the conduction band to form an excited state electron-hole pair; the excited state electrons are migrated from the inside of the catalytic unit 3 to the surface of the catalytic unit 3 through the conductor 31; based on the reactant delivery unit 4 delivering the preset reactant to the surface of the catalytic unit 3; the excited state electrons migrated to the surface of the catalytic unit 3 are in contact with the preset reactant and react to generate negative ions. Therefore, without relying on the water flow energy required by the waterfall effect or the electrical energy input of high-voltage sharp discharge, the reaction can be driven only by providing light energy by the light emitting unit 2, the energy conversion path is more direct, the energy loss is reduced, the excited state electrons are efficiently generated by the electron jump mechanism of the photocatalyst 30, and the directional migration through the conductor 31 ensures that the electrons and the reactant are fully reacted, the invalid loss is reduced, the ion generation efficiency is improved, the material cost and equipment maintenance cost are lower, and the scale-up application is facilitated.

[0032] Referring to Figure 2 In an embodiment, the step of based on the photocatalyst 30 in the catalytic unit 3 absorbing photon energy in the light, exciting the electrons in the valence band of the photocatalyst 30 to jump to the conduction band to form an excited state electron-hole pair, includes: The strip patterned structure is formed by alternately depositing two semiconductor materials, the heterojunction interface is subjected to hydroxyl treatment, and a Z-type heterojunction photocatalytic layer is obtained, wherein the semiconductor material is titanium dioxide or titanium dioxide doped with other metal or non-metal elements, the metal elements include but are not limited to copper Cu, gold Au, rhodium Rh, silver Ag, cadmium Cd, ruthenium Ru, iron Fe, manganese Mn, tungsten W, and the non-metals include but are not limited to sulfur S, nitrogen N, carbon C, boron B and phosphorus P. The metal cluster and two-dimensional material introduction operation are performed on the Z-type heterojunction photocatalytic layer to construct a van der Waals heterojunction, a covalent bond coupling interface is formed by an annealing process, and a photocatalytic layer with an interface coupling structure is obtained, wherein the annealing process is one or a combination of annealing, tempering, quenching and normalizing. The photocatalytic layer with the interface coupling structure is subjected to a single-atom catalytic site construction operation, and a defect induction method is used to realize uniform dispersion of single atoms on the surface of the catalyst to obtain a photocatalytic layer with modified single-atom sites. The photocatalytic layer with the modified single-atom sites is subjected to a gradient defect treatment operation to form a defect concentration gradient distribution from the surface to the bulk, and a photocatalytic layer with a gradient defect structure is obtained. The photocatalytic layer with the gradient defect structure is subjected to a light excitation operation to make the valence band electrons jump to the conduction band, and the built-in electric field in the heterojunction is used to realize preliminary separation of the charges to obtain a photocatalytic system with separated charges. Based on the photocatalytic system with separated charges, the surface plasmonic effect of the metal cluster is used to regulate light absorption, and the synergistic effect of the single-atom catalytic site and the gradient defect is used to regulate the charge transport path to form an excited state electron-hole pair.

[0033] In the above embodiments, the Z-type heterojunction refers to a heterojunction formed by two semiconductor materials, the electron transport path is Z-shaped, and the charge coupling can be reduced; the hydroxyl treatment is to introduce hydroxyl (-OH) groups on the heterojunction interface by a chemical method; the van der Waals heterojunction is a two-dimensional material heterostructure combined by van der Waals force; the metal cluster is a nanoscale aggregate composed of several to hundreds of metal atoms; the single-atom catalytic site refers to a single metal atom uniformly dispersed on the surface of the catalyst as a reaction active center; the gradient defect refers to a defect concentration that gradually decreases from the surface of the catalyst to the bulk.

[0034] The specific implementation is as follows: first, the Z-type heterojunction photocatalytic layer is prepared, and the titanium dioxide (TiO2) and the TiO2 doped with 1% tungsten (W) are alternately deposited by using the magnetron sputtering technology, the thickness of a single layer is controlled to be 50 nm, and the width of the strip pattern is controlled to be 3 μm; after the deposition is completed, the sample is immersed in a 10% hydrogen peroxide solution for 2 hours for hydroxylation treatment; this step enhances the charge separation by the built-in electric field of the heterojunction; other metals or metal oxides are consistent with the range of the aforementioned doped metals, but it needs to be noted that the doped metals can be one or more, and have no any relevance with the metal oxides constituting the heterojunction; for example, the charge separation efficiency of this structure is improved by 32% compared with a single TiO2 layer; then, the van der Waals heterojunction is constructed; the gold (Au) clusters with a diameter of 3 nm (density of 1×10¹² / cm²) are deposited on the surface of the Z-type heterojunction by using the electron beam evaporation; then, the single-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) two-dimensional material is transferred; then, the annealing combination process of "quenching (850°C for 10 seconds) + tempering (450°C for 1 hour)" is performed; the covalent bond coupling interface is formed; the interface resistance can be reduced by 25%; for example, after the Au-MoS2 coupling, the electron mobility is improved from 5 cm² / (V·s) to 6.3 cm² / (V·s); Then, the single-atom site modification is performed; the argon (Ar) plasma etching (power of 120 W, processing time of 30 seconds) is used to manufacture defects on the surface; then, the platinum (Pt) single atom is deposited by using the atomic layer deposition technology; the loading amount is controlled to be 0.8 at%; the single atom is uniformly dispersed at the defects; this step increases the reactive centers; for example, after the Pt single atom modification, the catalytic reaction activity is improved by 40%; then, the gradient defect treatment is performed; the boron (B) ion implantation is used; the surface implantation dose is controlled to be 1×10¹ 6 ions / cm²; with the increase of the depth, the dose is gradually reduced to the body phase 1×10¹ 4 ions / cm²; the gradient distribution is formed; the charge directional transmission can be guided; for example, the migration distance of the electrons from the body phase to the surface is shortened by 20%; then, the light excitation is performed; the 280 nm ultraviolet light (power of 150 mW / cm²) is used for irradiation; the valence band electrons are absorbed to jump to the conduction band; the charge is preliminarily separated by the built-in electric field of the Z-type heterojunction; at this time, the electron-hole recombination rate is reduced by 55% compared with no electric field effect; finally, the surface plasmon effect of the Au clusters is used to enhance the 400-600 nm visible light absorption (absorption intensity is improved by 35%); at the same time, the synergistic effect of the Pt single atom site and the gradient defects is used to regulate the electron transmission path to be the shortest; finally, the high-activity excited state electron-hole pair is formed; the subsequent negative ion yield is significantly improved.

[0035] Reference Figure 2 In an embodiment, the gradient defect treatment operation of the photocatalytic layer based on the modified single-atom site is performed to form a defect concentration gradient distribution from the surface to the body phase, so as to obtain a photocatalytic layer with a gradient defect structure. performing plasma surface treatment based on the modified single-atom site light catalytic layer to obtain a light catalytic layer with an initial defect concentration gradient; performing ion implantation treatment on the light catalytic layer with the initial defect concentration gradient to obtain a light catalytic layer with a defect distribution in the depth direction; performing temperature gradient heat treatment on the light catalytic layer with the defect distribution in the depth direction to obtain a light catalytic layer after defect migration regulation; performing atmosphere gradient regulation on the light catalytic layer after defect migration regulation to obtain a light catalytic layer with a fixed defect chemical state; performing secondary temperature gradient treatment based on the light catalytic layer with the fixed defect chemical state to obtain a light catalytic layer with a gradient defect structure.

[0036] In the above embodiments, the plasma surface treatment refers to a process of bombarding the surface of a material with high-energy plasma (such as argon, oxygen plasma) to form vacancies, dislocations and other defects by energy transfer; the initial defect concentration gradient refers to a preliminary gradient distribution in which the defect concentration on the surface of the material is higher than that in the interior after plasma treatment; the ion implantation treatment refers to a process of implanting high-energy ions (such as nitrogen, boron ions) into the interior of the material to form defects in the depth direction through the collision between the ions and the lattice atoms; the defect distribution in the depth direction refers to the distribution state of the defect concentration with respect to the depth of the material; the temperature gradient heat treatment refers to a process of applying a temperature difference (such as high temperature on the surface and low temperature in the interior) to the material at different depths to promote the migration of defects along the temperature gradient; the defect migration regulation refers to a process of directing the migration of defects through the temperature gradient to optimize the defect distribution; the atmosphere gradient regulation refers to an operation of constructing a concentration gradient of different gases (such as oxygen and hydrogen) around the material to make the defects combine with the gas atoms to form a stable chemical state; the fixed defect chemical state refers to a state in which the defects combine with specific gas atoms to form a stable structure and no longer change with external conditions; the secondary temperature gradient treatment refers to a process of applying a temperature gradient to the material with a fixed chemical state to further optimize the gradient distribution of defects; and the gradient defect structure refers to a structure in which the defect concentration continuously decreases from the surface to the bulk of the material. A TiO2-ZrO2 heterojunction light catalytic layer (Pt loading amount: 0.6 at%) with modified platinum (Pt) single-atom sites was first subjected to plasma surface treatment: the sample was placed in a vacuum chamber (vacuum degree: 5×10⁻³ Pa), argon gas was introduced (flow rate: 20 sccm), a radio frequency power of 150 W was applied, and the surface was bombarded by plasma for 60 seconds. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) detection showed that the surface oxygen vacancy defect concentration reached 1.2×10¹ 9 cm⁻³, and the bulk defect concentration was about 8×10¹ 7ions / cm2, forming an initial defect concentration gradient; then ion implantation treatment: nitrogen ions (N+) are selected, acceleration voltage is 50 keV, and the implantation dose is controlled to be linearly decreased from 5x1014 ions / cm2 on the surface to 5x1013 ions / cm2 at a depth of 500 nm. Through Rutherford backscattering spectrum (RBS) analysis, a defect distribution in the depth direction is formed, and the defect concentration at 500 nm is increased to 3x1014 cm-3. 5 ions / cm2, forming an initial defect concentration gradient; then ion implantation treatment: nitrogen ions (N+) are selected, acceleration voltage is 50 keV, and the implantation dose is controlled to be linearly decreased from 5x1014 ions / cm2 on the surface to 5x1013 ions / cm2 at a depth of 500 nm. Through Rutherford backscattering spectrum (RBS) analysis, a defect distribution in the depth direction is formed, and the defect concentration at 500 nm is increased to 3x1014 cm-3. 8 Subsequently, temperature gradient heat treatment is performed: the sample is placed in a tube furnace, the surface temperature is controlled at 500°C, the bulk temperature is controlled at 300°C (temperature gradient 4°C / μm), the temperature is kept for 2 hours, the heating rate is 5°C / min, and through fluorescence spectrum test, the migration distance of defects along the depth direction is increased by 20%, and a light catalytic layer after defect migration regulation is obtained; then, the atmosphere gradient is regulated: an oxygen concentration gradient is constructed in the tube furnace (the surface O2 concentration is 20vol%, and the bulk O2 concentration is 5vol%), and the sample is kept at 350°C for 1.5 hours, so that the surface defects combine with oxygen to form stable O-Ti defect structures, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the chemical state of the defects is fixed; finally, secondary temperature gradient treatment is performed: the surface temperature is set to 400°C, the bulk temperature is set to 250°C (temperature gradient 3°C / μm), and the temperature is kept for 1 hour, and the cooling rate is 2°C / min; finally, through electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detection, the defect concentration is smoothly decreased from 1.0x1014 cm-3 on the surface to 8x1014 cm-3 in the bulk, forming a uniform gradient defect structure, for example, the structure, the electron migration efficiency from the bulk to the surface is improved compared with the sample without gradient defects; 9 6 The gradient defect structure formed by the multi-step cooperative treatment can significantly promote the directional transport of charges: the combination of plasma treatment and ion implantation increases the surface defect density and expands the defect depth; the temperature gradient heat treatment guides the ordered migration of defects and avoids defect aggregation; the atmosphere gradient regulation fixes the chemical state of the defects and improves the structural stability; the secondary temperature gradient treatment further optimizes the gradient smoothness. Finally, the gradient defects and single atom sites cooperate, greatly reducing electron-hole recombination, while providing an efficient transport channel for electrons, improving the utilization rate of excited state electrons in the light catalytic layer, and significantly enhancing the negative ion preparation efficiency.

[0037] Reference Figure 2 In an embodiment, the step of migrating the excited state electrons from inside the catalytic unit 3 to the surface of the catalytic unit 3 through the conductor 31 includes: ​​​A porous conductive framework is constructed to obtain a porous conductive transmission framework, wherein the porous conductive framework is a foam pure metal framework or a porous conductive ceramic framework, the foam pure metal framework includes but is not limited to copper Cu, nickel Ni, gold Au, silver Ag and a multi-metal mixed foam net, and the porous conductive ceramic framework includes but is not limited to copper oxide, aluminum oxide and zinc oxide; According to the porous conductive ceramic transmission framework, carbon nanotube array growth operation is performed on the inner wall of the pore channel of the porous conductive ceramic transmission framework to obtain a transmission framework with a carbon nanotube array; Based on the transmission framework with the carbon nanotube array, metal nanoparticle loading operation is performed on the surface of the carbon nanotube array to form a conductive network, thereby obtaining a structure with the conductive network; Through the structure with the conductive network, semiconductor 31 thin layer growth operation is performed on the surface of the metal nanoparticle to form a metal-semiconductor 31 heterojunction, thereby obtaining a structure with the heterojunction; According to the structure with the heterojunction, electrophilic treatment is performed on the inner wall of the porous ceramic pore channel and the surface of the carbon nanotube, thereby obtaining a composite path subjected to the electrophilic treatment; Based on the composite path subjected to the electrophilic treatment, excitation state electrons are transmitted, so that the excitation state electrons migrate from the inside of the catalytic unit 3 to the surface of the catalytic unit 3.

[0038] In the above embodiment, the porous conductive framework refers to a conductive substrate with a porous structure, which provides a basic framework for electron transmission and is divided into a foam pure metal framework (a porous net structure made of a metal material) and a porous conductive ceramic framework (a porous structure made of a conductive ceramic material); the foam pure metal framework is a porous net structure made of pure metals such as copper and nickel or alloys thereof through a foaming process, which has high conductivity and porosity; the porous conductive ceramic framework is a porous structure formed by sintering conductive ceramics such as copper oxide and aluminum oxide, which has high temperature resistance and conductivity; the carbon nanotube array is an ordered arrangement structure of carbon nanotubes grown directionally on the inner wall of the pore channel of the porous framework, which enhances electron transmission by using high conductivity; the metal nanoparticle loading is a process of attaching metal nanoparticles (such as gold and silver) of nanometer scale to the surface of the carbon nanotube; the conductive network is a conductive path formed by the mutual connection of metal nanoparticles on the surface of the carbon nanotube, which reduces the resistance of electron transmission; the semiconductor 31 thin layer is a thin film of a semiconductor material covering the surface of the metal nanoparticle; the metal-semiconductor 31 heterojunction is an interface structure formed by the contact of the metal and the semiconductor 31, which can promote electron migration by an internal electric field; the electrophilic treatment is a process of enhancing the adsorption capacity of the material surface to electrons by chemical or physical methods; and the composite path is an electron transmission channel composed of the porous framework, the carbon nanotube array, the conductive network and the heterojunction.

[0039] A porous copper foam skeleton (size 2 cm x 2 cm x 0.5 cm) with a porosity of 85% and a pore size of 50-100 μm is selected as a porous conductive transmission skeleton, and is cleaned by ultrasonic cleaning (30 minutes in ethanol) and then dried; carbon nanotube arrays are grown on the inner wall of the pores thereof by chemical vapor deposition: acetylene is used as a carbon source (flow rate 50 sccm), argon is used as a carrier gas (flow rate 100 sccm), and vertical arrangement carbon nanotubes with a diameter of 10-20 nm and a length of 5-8 μm are formed at 750°C for 30 minutes, and the array integrity is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); then gold nanoparticles are loaded by sol-gel method: the skeleton is immersed in a 0.01 mol / L gold chloride solution, ultrasonic treatment is performed for 15 minutes, and after drying at 120°C, reduction is performed in a hydrogen atmosphere at 300°C for 2 hours, forming gold particles with a diameter of 5-8 nm (loading amount 1.2 wt%), and a conductive network is constructed, and four-probe testing shows that the resistance is effectively reduced compared with a pure carbon nanotube array; Then a 5 nm thick titanium dioxide semiconductor 31 thin layer is grown on the surface of the gold particles by atomic layer deposition, forming an Au-TiO2 metal-semiconductor 31 heterojunction, and the formation of the heterojunction interface is verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); then an electrophilic treatment is performed: the structure is placed in an oxygen plasma device (power 100 W, oxygen flow rate 30 sccm) for 20 seconds to introduce oxygen-containing functional groups, and then immersed in a 0.05 mol / L silver nitrate solution for 3 minutes to adsorb Ag⁺ and enhance the electrophilicity of the surface; the electron mobility of the final composite path is tested to be 85 cm² / (V·s), which is 4.2 times higher than that of the untreated porous copper skeleton, for example, in a photocatalytic reaction, the time for excited state electrons to migrate from the inside of the catalytic unit 3 to the surface is shortened to 20 ns, which is reduced compared with a single carbon nanotube transmission path; The composite transmission path constructed in this embodiment cooperatively improves the electron migration efficiency through a multi-level structure: the porous copper foam provides a macroscopic conductive framework, the carbon nanotube array constructs a microscopic high-efficiency channel, the metal nanoparticle conductive network reduces the interface resistance, the metal-semiconductor heterojunction accelerates electron transmission through the built-in electric field, and the electrophilic treatment enhances the surface electron adsorption capacity. The synergistic effect of each structure reduces electron transmission loss and improves migration rate, ensuring that excited state electrons efficiently reach the surface of the catalytic unit 3 to participate in the reaction, providing a key guarantee for high-yield anion generation.

[0040] Reference Figure 2 In an embodiment, the step of performing electrophilic treatment on the inner wall of the porous ceramic pores and the surface of the carbon nanotube based on the structure with the heterojunction to obtain an electrophilically treated composite path, comprises: Taking the structure with the heterojunction as a treatment substrate; Performing surface etching on the treatment substrate using oxygen plasma to obtain a pretreated surface containing oxygen-containing functional groups; A solution containing high valence metal ions is prepared, and the pretreated surface containing oxygen functional groups is immersed in the solution to adsorb the metal ions, thereby obtaining a surface adsorbed with metal ions; A solution containing cyanosilane is prepared, and the surface adsorbed with metal ions is immersed in the solution to react the cyanosilane with the residual functional groups on the surface; The reacted surface is subjected to a standing treatment to allow the cyanosilane to be fully combined; The structure after the standing treatment is cleaned to remove uncombined substances, thereby obtaining a modified surface; Through the above etching, adsorption, reaction, standing and cleaning processes, a composite path subjected to electrophilic treatment is formed.

[0041] In the above embodiments, the structure with a heterojunction refers to a porous ceramic framework and a carbon nanotube array composite structure with a metal-semiconductor 31 heterojunction (such as an interface of metal nanoparticles combined with a semiconductor thin layer) grown on the surface; the oxygen plasma surface etching refers to a process of bombarding the surface of a material with high-energy oxygen plasma to make surface atoms separate and generate oxygen-containing functional groups such as hydroxyl (-OH) and carboxyl (-COOH); the oxygen-containing functional group refers to a chemical group with oxygen elements, which can enhance the surface reactivity; the high valence metal ion refers to a metal ion with a high valence (such as Fe³⁺, Ce 4 ⁺, etc.), which can enhance the adsorption capacity of the surface to electrons due to the positive charge; the cyanosilane refers to a compound containing a cyano (-CN) group and a siloxane group (such as 3-cyanopropyl triethoxysilane), and the cyano group has strong electrophilicity; the electrophilic treatment refers to a process of introducing electrophilic groups or ions to enhance the adsorption and transmission capacity of the surface of a material to electrons; and the composite path refers to an electron transmission channel formed by the porous ceramic, the carbon nanotube, and the heterojunction after treatment.

[0042] The porous zinc oxide ceramic framework with Au-ZnO heterojunction (carbon nanotube array grown on the inner wall of the pore) is taken as the treatment substrate, which is first cleaned with deionized water for 10 minutes and then dried; oxygen plasma etching is performed: the substrate is placed in a vacuum chamber (vacuum degree 3x10-3 Pa), oxygen is introduced (flow rate 25 sccm), an RF power of 120 W is applied, etching for 15 seconds, and through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy detection, the surface hydroxyl content reaches 23at%, obtaining a pretreated surface containing oxygen functional groups; a 0.02mol / L iron nitrate (Fe(NO3)3) solution is prepared, the pretreated surface is immersed in it, and is placed at 30°C for 30 minutes, so that Fe³⁺ is adsorbed on the oxygen-containing functional groups by electrostatic action, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry shows that the adsorption amount of Fe³⁺ is 1.5μg / cm²; a 1% (volume fraction) 3-cyanopropyltriethoxysilane ethanol solution is prepared, the surface adsorbed with Fe³⁺ is immersed in the solution, and is reacted at 40°C for 2 hours, so that the siloxane group condenses with the residual hydroxyl group on the surface; after the reaction, it is taken out and placed in a desiccator for 1 hour to ensure that the cyanosilane is fully combined; ultrasonic cleaning with anhydrous ethanol for 5 minutes removes unbound silane and metal ions, obtaining a modified surface. For example, the treated carbon nanotube surface electron adsorption energy is 4.8eV by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy test, which is 14% higher than that of the untreated surface (4.2eV), and the transmission loss of electrons in the recombination path is reduced; The present embodiment significantly enhances the adsorption and transmission capacity of the recombination path to electrons through a multi-step synergistic electrophilic treatment: the oxygen-containing functional groups introduced by oxygen plasma etching provide reaction sites for subsequent modification; high valence metal ions (Fe³⁺) enhance the positive charge of the surface through electrostatic action, improving the capture ability of electrons; the cyano group of cyanosilane has strong electrophilicity, further strengthening electron adsorption. The synergistic effect of the three improves the electron adsorption capacity of the recombination path and increases the electron transmission efficiency, effectively reducing the loss of excited state electrons in the migration process, providing sufficient electron source for the generation of negative ions on the surface of the catalytic unit 3, and significantly improving the overall preparation efficiency.

[0043] Reference Figure 2 In an embodiment, the step of delivering a predetermined reactant to the surface of the catalytic unit 3 based on the reactant delivery unit 4 comprises: Based on the predetermined reactant, a concentration gradient field is constructed to make the reactant diffuse to the surface of the catalytic unit 3 under the driving force of concentration difference; The diffused reactant is subjected to fluid shear treatment to break the diffusion boundary layer of the reactant; An electric field is applied to the sheared reactant to drive the directional migration of the charged reactant; The directionally migrated reactant is combined with a magnetic carrier to form a magnetic complex; A gradient magnetic field is applied to the magnetic complex to guide the enrichment of the magnetic complex to the surface of the catalytic unit 3; The preset reactants are released to the surface of the catalytic unit 3 by desorption of the magnetic complex on the surface of the catalytic unit 3.

[0044] In the above embodiments, the preset reactants refer to substances participating in the generation of negative ions (such as oxygen, water molecules, etc.); the concentration gradient field refers to a continuous distribution field formed by the concentration of reactants from high to low, which drives the diffusion of substances through the concentration difference; the diffusion boundary layer refers to a thin layer of gradually changing concentration of reactants on the surface of the catalytic unit 3, which hinders further diffusion; the fluid shear treatment refers to a process of destroying the boundary layer by shear force generated by fluid flow; the electric field driving refers to an operation of using electric field force to make charged reactants move directionally; the magnetic carrier refers to a nanoparticle (such as Fe3O4) with magnetism, which can be combined with reactants; the magnetic complex refers to a complex formed by physical or chemical action of reactants and magnetic carriers; the gradient magnetic field refers to a magnetic field with varying magnetic field strength with distance, which can guide the directional movement of magnetic substances; and the desorption refers to a process of releasing reactants by separating the magnetic complex from the surface of the catalytic unit 3.

[0045] Taking oxygen (O2) and water molecules (H2O) as the preset reactants, first, a concentration gradient field is constructed: the reactant source (O2 concentration 20%, H2O vapor 30%) is set on the left side of the reaction chamber, and the surface of the catalytic unit 3 on the right side is a low concentration area (O2 concentration 5%, H2O vapor 10%), forming a concentration difference driven diffusion, and after 30 minutes, the surface reactant concentration reaches 1.8 times the initial value; then, fluid shear treatment is performed: a micro air pump is used to generate an airflow with a flow rate of 0.5 m / s on the surface of the catalytic unit 3, and the shear force destroys the diffusion boundary layer with a thickness of 10-15 μm, and the particle image velocimetry instrument detects that the boundary layer thickness is reduced by 60%; then, an electric field is applied: titanium electrodes are arranged in parallel on the surface of the catalytic unit 3, and a direct current voltage of 50 V is applied, with an electric field strength of 100 V / m, driving the negatively charged O2⁻ intermediate product to migrate directionally, and the migration rate is increased to 0.3 mm / s; the migrated reactants are combined with the magnetic carriers: 10 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles (concentration 0.1 mg / mL) are added to the reaction system, and O2-Fe3O4 and H2O-Fe3O4 magnetic complexes are formed through hydroxyl coordination; a gradient magnetic field is applied: a Halbach permanent magnet array is used to make the magnetic field strength on the surface of the catalytic unit 3 be 0.3 T, and decrease by 0.05 T per millimeter with the increase of distance, guiding the magnetic complex to enrich on the surface, and after 30 minutes, the surface complex concentration reaches 5 times the average concentration of the system; finally, desorption is performed: the pH of the reaction chamber is adjusted to 5.5, so that the complex is desorbed on the surface, releasing O2 and H2O, and the effective concentration of the surface reactants is increased by 2.5 times compared with single diffusion.

[0046] The embodiment significantly improves the efficiency of reactant transport through the synergy of multiple fields: the concentration gradient field provides the basic diffusion power, the fluid shear treatment breaks the boundary layer resistance, the electric field enhances the directionality of charged reactants, the gradient magnetic field realizes efficient enrichment of the complex, and desorption ensures the effective release of reactants. The multi-step synergy increases the concentration of reactants on the surface of the catalytic unit 3, shortens the transport time, greatly improves the collision probability with excited-state electrons, reduces reactant waste, provides sufficient raw material guarantee for high-yield generation of negative ions, while reducing energy consumption, and enhances system stability.

[0047] Reference Figure 2 In an embodiment, the step of applying a gradient magnetic field to the magnetic complex to guide the enrichment of the magnetic complex to the surface of the catalytic unit 3 includes: A Halbach permanent magnet array is constructed to form a basic gradient magnetic field; A radial multipole magnetic field is superimposed on the periphery of the basic gradient magnetic field to form a composite gradient field; Orthogonal saddle coils are arranged on both sides of the surface of the catalytic unit 3, which generate dynamic gradient components; Pulse current is applied to the orthogonal saddle coils to realize the spatiotemporal regulation of the gradient magnetic field; Based on the synergy of the composite gradient field and the dynamic gradient component, the magnetic complex is guided to migrate and enrich to the surface of the catalytic unit 3.

[0048] In the above embodiment, the Halbach permanent magnet array: a structure formed by arranging permanent magnets with different magnetization directions in a certain pattern, which can enhance the magnetic field strength on one side and weaken the magnetic field on the other side, forming a single strong magnetic field distribution; the basic gradient magnetic field: the initial magnetic field generated by the Halbach array, whose magnetic field strength changes with distance; the radial multipole magnetic field: a multipole magnetic field (such as N, S poles alternating) that alternately distributes along the radial direction, which can enhance the radial gradient of the magnetic field; the composite gradient field: the comprehensive magnetic field formed by superimposing the basic gradient magnetic field and the radial multipole magnetic field; the orthogonal saddle coil: two groups of coils that are saddle-shaped and perpendicular to each other in space, which can generate dynamic magnetic field components; the dynamic gradient component: the magnetic field gradient that changes with time, used for real-time adjustment of the magnetic field distribution; the pulse current: a periodic change of current signal, which can control the coil to generate a dynamic magnetic field; spatiotemporal regulation: precise regulation of the magnetic field strength and gradient in time and space by adjusting the current.

[0049] With Fe3O4 magnetic compound (particle size 20 nm) as the enrichment object, a Halbach permanent magnet array is first constructed: neodymium iron boron permanent magnets (NdFeB, residual magnetism 1.2 T) are selected, and a single block has a size of 5 mm x 5 mm x 2 mm. The magnets are arranged into an array of 10 cm x 10 cm according to the rule that the magnetization directions of adjacent permanent magnets differ by 45°, so that a basic gradient magnetic field is formed on the surface of the catalytic unit 3 (5 mm away from the array), and the magnetic field strength decreases by 0.08 T per mm as the distance increases from the surface of 0.4 T. Eight groups of neodymium iron boron permanent rings are arranged along the radial direction outside the array to form a radial multi-pole magnetic field (N / S poles alternate, radial magnetic field strength 0.15 T), and the magnetic field gradient of the superimposed composite gradient field is increased to 0.12 T / mm. Orthogonal saddle coils (copper wire diameter 0.5 mm, number of turns 500) are arranged on both sides of the surface of the catalytic unit 3 (distance 3 cm), and the coil axis is parallel to the surface of the catalytic unit 3. A pulsed current (frequency 50 Hz, amplitude 1 A, duty cycle 50%) is applied to the coil to generate a dynamic gradient component (maximum dynamic magnetic field strength 0.05 T). The current parameters are adjusted in real time through a magnetic field simulation software to realize the spatiotemporal regulation of the gradient magnetic field. Through magnetic force microscopy detection, the enrichment concentration of the magnetic compound on the surface of the catalytic unit 3 reaches 8 times the initial concentration within 30 minutes, the enrichment efficiency is improved compared with the single Halbach array, and the uniformity of the surface compound distribution (coefficient of variation) is ensured.

[0050] The embodiment significantly improves the enrichment efficiency of the magnetic compound through multi-magnetic field cooperation and dynamic regulation: the Halbach array provides a strong basic gradient, the radial multi-pole magnetic field enhances the radial directional force, and the dynamic gradient component of the orthogonal saddle coil can correct the magnetic field distribution in real time; the spatiotemporal regulation of the pulsed current can adapt to the migration speed of the compound and avoid local aggregation. The synergistic effect improves the enrichment speed, increases the surface compound concentration, and significantly improves the uniformity of the distribution, providing sufficient and uniform raw materials for the subsequent reaction desorption, reducing the transmission loss, indirectly improving the negative ion generation efficiency, reducing the magnetic field energy consumption, and enhancing the system stability.

[0051] Reference Figure 2 In an embodiment, the step of contacting and reacting the excited state electrons migrated to the surface of the catalytic unit 3 with the preset reactants to generate negative ions includes: The photocatalyst 30 is subjected to sulfur element doping treatment to form an electron-rich surface; Single-atom active sites are constructed based on the electron-rich surface as electron-reactant contact reaction centers; A porous adsorption material is covered on the surface of the single-atom active site modified photocatalyst 30 to form a reactant enrichment layer; A directional transport channel is constructed in the reactant enrichment layer to connect the surface of the photocatalyst 30 and the pores of the reactant enrichment layer; The excited state electron is guided to contact with the enriched preset reactant based on the directional transmission channel, and a redox reaction is generated to generate a negative ion.

[0052] In the above embodiments, the chalcogen doping treatment refers to introducing chalcogen elements such as sulfur (S) and selenium (Se) into the crystal lattice of the photocatalyst 30 to increase the surface electron density by changing the electronic structure; the electron-rich surface refers to the surface of the photocatalyst 30 after doping, which has a significantly improved surface electron concentration and can provide sufficient electrons to participate in the reaction; the single-atom active site refers to a reaction center formed by uniformly dispersing a single metal atom (such as Pt or Pd) on the surface of the catalyst, which has high catalytic activity; the porous adsorption material refers to a material (such as a molecular sieve or activated carbon) with a rich pore structure that can adsorb and enrich reactants; the reactant enrichment layer refers to a thin layer of porous adsorption material formed on the surface of the catalyst to increase the local reactant concentration; the directional transmission channel refers to a nanoscale channel connecting the surface of the catalyst and the pores of the enrichment layer, which guides the directional contact of electrons and reactants; the redox reaction refers to a chemical reaction in which excited state electrons are transferred to reactant molecules, allowing the reactants to gain electrons to generate negative ions.

[0053] Taking the TiO2 photocatalyst 30 as an example, first, chalcogen doping is performed: TiO2 powder is immersed in a 0.1 mol / L sodium sulfide solution, ultrasonically dispersed for 30 minutes, and then calcined at 450°C in a nitrogen atmosphere for 2 hours. Through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy detection, the sulfur doping amount reaches 2.5 at%, forming an electron-rich surface with a higher surface electron density than undoped TiO2. Then, single-atom active sites are constructed: using atomic layer deposition technology, Pt single atoms are deposited on the electron-rich surface using trimethylplatinum as a precursor, and the loading amount is controlled at 0.3 wt%. Through spherical aberration electron microscopy observation, the Pt atoms are uniformly dispersed, and the active site density reaches 5×10¹³ / cm². Subsequently, a porous adsorption material is coated: ZSM-5 molecular sieves (pore size 0.55 nm) and silica sol are mixed in a mass ratio of 3:1, and then coated on the surface of the catalyst to form a reactant enrichment layer with a thickness of 2 μm. Nitrogen adsorption test shows that the specific surface area reaches 350 m² / g. Then, a directional transmission channel is constructed: vertical nanochannels with a diameter of 200 nm and a length of 2 μm are formed in the enrichment layer by ultraviolet lithography combined with wet etching, connecting the surface of the catalyst and the molecular sieve pores. Finally, the reaction is guided: under the irradiation of 280 nm ultraviolet light, the excited state electrons are transmitted to the active sites through the channel and react with the O2 adsorbed in the enrichment layer to generate O2⁻ negative ions. Through detection, the negative ion yield of the system reaches 1.2×10 8 cm² / s, which is higher than that of the untreated system.

[0054] The embodiment significantly improves the generation efficiency of negative ions through multi-step synergistic optimization: the electron-rich surface constructed by doping of sulfur family elements provides sufficient electron source for the reaction; the single-atom active site increases the reaction activity by more than 3 times and reduces the energy consumption of the reaction; the porous enrichment layer increases the local concentration of the reactants and increases the collision probability; the directional transmission channel shortens the contact distance between electrons and reactants, reduces transmission loss, and synergistically improves the utilization rate of electrons, greatly increases the yield of negative ions compared with the traditional system, and enhances the stability of the reaction to provide reliable protection for efficient negative ion preparation.

[0055] Referring to Figure 2 In an embodiment, the step of starting the light-emitting unit 2 and irradiating light generated by the light-emitting unit 2 on the surface of the catalytic unit 3 comprises: Coupling processing is performed on the multi-band laser to obtain a combined laser; Based on the combined laser, fiber array transmission processing is performed to obtain an arrayed laser beam; Parabolic reflection condensing processing is performed on the arrayed laser beam to obtain converging light; Based on the converging light, microlens array homogenization processing is performed to obtain a uniform light spot; The uniform light spot is irradiated on the surface of the catalytic unit 3.

[0056] In the above embodiment, multi-band laser refers to multiple lasers of different wavelengths (such as ultraviolet and near-ultraviolet bands); coupling processing refers to a process of combining multiple beams of different wavelength lasers into one beam through optical elements; combined laser refers to a single composite beam formed after coupling; fiber array transmission refers to a method of transmitting combined laser using an array composed of multiple optical fibers; arrayed laser beam refers to multiple parallel lasers output by the fiber array; parabolic reflection condensing processing refers to an operation of converging and enhancing light intensity by a parabolic reflector; converging light refers to a light beam with concentrated light intensity after condensing; microlens array homogenization processing refers to a process of modulating converging light into a light intensity uniform beam using multiple microlenses; uniform light spot refers to an irradiation spot with uniform light intensity distribution.

[0057] The ultraviolet laser of 266 nm (power 100 mW) and 355 nm (power 150 mW) is selected as a multi-band laser, coupled through a wavelength beam splitter coupler (transmission 266 nm / reflection 355 nm) to obtain a combined laser (total power 250 mW); the combined laser is connected to a 16-core quartz optical fiber array (single-core diameter 50 μm, numerical aperture 0.22), and 16 parallel arrayed laser beams are output after array transmission; a parabolic mirror with a focal length of 50 mm is used to condense the laser beams, so that the spot diameter is reduced from 5 mm to 2 mm, and the converging light intensity is increased to 800 mW / cm2; the converging light is incident on a 16x16 microlens array (single lens size 300 μm x 300 μm, focal length 1 mm), and after homogenization treatment, the spot intensity uniformity (coefficient of variation) is reduced from 25% to 8% through a beam analyzer; finally, the uniform spot with a diameter of 2 mm is vertically irradiated on the surface of the TiO2-based catalytic unit 3, and compared with the spot without homogenization treatment, the amount of electron-hole pairs generated on the surface of the catalytic unit 3 is increased, and the uniformity is improved.

[0058] The embodiment widens the light absorption range by multi-band coupling, enhances the light intensity by optical fiber array and parabolic condensation, and ensures the uniformity of light intensity by microlens array. The synergistic effect improves the light energy utilization rate, significantly improves the uniformity of light intensity on the surface of the catalytic unit 3, avoids local overheating or insufficient excitation, promotes the efficient and uniform generation of electron-hole pairs, provides stable light energy driving for anion preparation, and improves the overall reaction efficiency.

[0059] With reference to Figures 1-3 The application further includes an anion preparation device 10 for implementing the anion preparation method of any one of the above embodiments, and applied to an anion preparation system 1, wherein the preparation system 1 includes a light emitting unit 2, a catalytic unit 3 and a reactant delivery unit 4 arranged correspondingly, and the catalytic unit 3 includes a photocatalyst 30 and a conductor 31, which includes: A starting module 11 is configured to start the light emitting unit 2, and irradiate light generated by the light emitting unit 2 on the surface of the catalytic unit 3, wherein the wavelength of the light is 150 nm-400 nm; A transition module 12 is configured to excite the electrons in the valence band of the photocatalyst 30 to the conduction band to form an excited state electron-hole pair based on the absorption of photon energy in the light by the photocatalyst 30 in the catalytic unit 3, wherein the catalytic unit 3 includes titanium dioxide and other metals or metal oxides; A migration module 13 is configured to migrate the excited state electrons from the inside of the catalytic unit 3 to the surface of the catalytic unit 3 through the conductor 31; A delivery module 14 is configured to deliver a predetermined reactant to the surface of the catalytic unit 3 based on the reactant delivery unit 4; The contact module 15 is used to contact the excited state electrons migrated to the surface of the catalytic unit 3 with the preset reactants and generate negative ions. As described above, it can be understood that each component of the negative ion preparation device 10 proposed in the present application can realize the function of any one of the above-mentioned contrast agent residual dose detection methods.

[0060] It can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiments can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the above-mentioned embodiments. Any reference to memory, storage, database or other medium provided by the present application and used in the embodiments can include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. As an illustration but not limitation, RAM is available in various forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (SSRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link (Synchlink) DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus (Rambus) direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM) and the like.

[0061] It should be noted that in this paper, the term "including", "containing" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, device, article or method including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or includes elements inherent to such process, device, article or method. Without more limitations, the element defined by the statement "including a" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, device, article or method including the element.

[0062] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation using the content of the present application specification and drawings, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, is also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing negative ions, characterized in that, This is applied to a negative ion preparation system, which includes a correspondingly arranged light-emitting unit, a catalytic unit, and a reactant transport unit. The catalytic unit comprises a photocatalyst and a conductor, including: The light-emitting unit is activated, and the light generated by the light-emitting unit is irradiated onto the surface of the catalytic unit, wherein the wavelength of the light is 150nm-400nm; Based on the photocatalyst in the catalytic unit absorbing the photon energy in the light, the electrons in the valence band of the photocatalyst are excited and jump to the conduction band to form excited state electron-hole pairs. The catalytic unit contains titanium dioxide and other metals or metal oxides. The excited-state electrons migrate from the interior of the catalytic unit to the surface of the catalytic unit through the conductor; Based on the reactant delivery unit, a preset reactant is delivered to the surface of the catalytic unit; The excited-state electrons that migrate to the surface of the catalytic unit come into contact with the preset reactants and react to generate negative ions.

2. The method for preparing negative ions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of absorbing photon energy from light by the photocatalyst in the catalytic unit to excite electrons in the valence band of the photocatalyst to jump to the conduction band, forming excited electron-hole pairs, includes: A strip patterned structure is formed by alternating deposition of two semiconductor materials, and the heterojunction interface is hydroxylated to obtain a Z-type heterojunction photocatalytic layer. The semiconductor material is titanium dioxide or titanium dioxide doped with other metal or non-metal elements. The metal elements include, but are not limited to, copper Cu, gold Au, rhodium Rh, silver Ag, cadmium Cd, ruthenium Ru, iron Fe, manganese Mn, and tungsten W, and the non-metals include, but are not limited to, sulfur S, nitrogen N, carbon C, boron B, and phosphorus P. Based on the Z-type heterojunction photocatalytic layer, a van der Waals heterojunction is constructed by introducing metal clusters and two-dimensional materials. A covalent bond coupling interface is formed by annealing process to obtain a photocatalytic layer with an interface coupling structure. The annealing process is one or a combination of annealing, tempering, quenching and normalizing. A photocatalytic layer with an interfacial coupling structure is subjected to a single-atom catalytic site construction operation. The single atoms are uniformly dispersed on the catalyst surface by a defect-induced method to obtain a photocatalytic layer modified with single-atom sites. Gradient defect treatment is performed on the photocatalytic layer modified with single atomic sites to form a defect concentration gradient distribution from the surface to the bulk phase, thus obtaining a photocatalytic layer with a gradient defect structure. Photoexcitation is performed on a photocatalytic layer with a gradient defect structure to induce valence band electrons to transition to the conduction band. The built-in electric field of the heterojunction is used to achieve preliminary charge separation, resulting in a photocatalytic system with separated charges. Based on a photocatalytic system with separated charges, light absorption is regulated through the surface plasmon effect of metal clusters, and charge transport path is regulated by the synergistic effect of single-atom catalytic sites and gradient defects to form excited-state electron-hole pairs.

3. The method for preparing negative ions according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of performing gradient defect treatment on the photocatalytic layer based on modified single-atom sites to form a defect concentration gradient distribution from the surface to the bulk phase, thereby obtaining a photocatalytic layer with a gradient defect structure, includes: Plasma surface treatment was performed on a photocatalytic layer modified with single atomic sites to obtain a photocatalytic layer with an initial defect concentration gradient. The photocatalytic layer with an initial defect concentration gradient is subjected to ion implantation to obtain a photocatalytic layer with a depth-direction defect distribution. A photocatalytic layer with a depth-direction defect distribution is subjected to temperature gradient heat treatment to obtain a photocatalytic layer with defect migration regulation. By controlling the atmosphere gradient of the photocatalytic layer after defect migration regulation, a photocatalytic layer with fixed defect chemical state is obtained. A photocatalytic layer with a gradient defect structure is obtained by performing a secondary temperature gradient treatment on a photocatalytic layer with a fixed defect chemical state.

4. The method for preparing negative ions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of migrating the excited-state electrons from the interior of the catalytic unit to the surface of the catalytic unit through the conductor includes: A transmission framework is constructed based on a porous conductive framework to obtain a porous conductive transmission framework. The porous conductive framework is a foam pure metal framework or a porous conductive ceramic framework. The foam pure metal framework includes, but is not limited to, copper Cu, nickel Ni, gold Au, silver Ag and multi-metal mixed foam mesh. The porous conductive ceramic framework includes, but is not limited to, copper oxide, aluminum oxide and zinc oxide. A carbon nanotube array is grown on the inner wall of the pores of the porous conductive ceramic transport framework to obtain a transport framework with a carbon nanotube array. Based on the transport framework with carbon nanotube array, metal nanoparticle loading operation is performed on the surface of carbon nanotube array to form a conductive network, resulting in a structure with a conductive network. Semiconductor thin-layer growth is performed on the surface of metal nanoparticles using the structure with the conductive network to form a metal-semiconductor heterojunction, resulting in a structure with a heterojunction. Electrophilic treatment is applied to the inner wall of the porous ceramic channel and the surface of the carbon nanotube based on the structure with heterojunction, to obtain an electrophilic composite path. Excited electrons are transported via the electrophilic composite pathway, enabling them to migrate from the interior of the catalytic unit to the surface of the catalytic unit.

5. The method for preparing negative ions according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of performing electrophilic treatment on the inner wall of the porous ceramic channel and the surface of the carbon nanotube based on the structure with heterojunction to obtain an electrophilic composite path includes: A structure with heterojunctions is used as the substrate for treatment; The substrate is etched with oxygen plasma to obtain a pretreated surface containing oxidized functional groups. A solution containing high-valence metal ions is prepared, and the pretreated surface containing oxidized functional groups is immersed in the solution for adsorption to obtain a surface that adsorbs metal ions. A solution containing cyanosilane is prepared, and the surface that adsorbs metal ions is immersed in it to allow the cyanosilane to react with the residual functional groups on the surface. The surface after the reaction is left to stand to allow the cyanosilanes to fully combine. The structure after standing is cleaned to remove unbonded substances, resulting in a modified surface; Through the above etching, adsorption, reaction, settling and cleaning processes, a composite path with electrophilic treatment is formed.

6. The method for preparing negative ions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of transferring a preset reactant to the surface of the catalytic unit based on the reactant delivery unit includes: A concentration gradient field is constructed based on the preset reactants, so that the reactants diffuse to the surface of the catalytic unit under the drive of the concentration difference; Fluid shearing is applied to the diffused reactants to disrupt the reactant diffusion boundary layer. An electric field is applied to the sheared reactants to drive the directional migration of the charged reactants; The reactants that migrate in a directed manner are combined with a magnetic support to form a magnetic complex; A gradient magnetic field is applied to the magnetic complex to guide its enrichment onto the surface of the catalytic unit; Pre-defined reactants are released onto the surface of the catalytic unit by desorption of the magnetic complex on the catalytic unit surface.

7. The method for preparing negative ions according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step of applying a gradient magnetic field to the magnetic composite to guide its enrichment onto the surface of the catalytic unit includes: Construct a Halbach permanent magnet array to form a basic gradient magnetic field; A radial multipole magnetic field is superimposed on the periphery of the basic gradient magnetic field to form a composite gradient field; Orthogonal saddle-shaped coils are arranged on both sides of the surface of the catalytic unit, and the orthogonal saddle-shaped coils generate dynamic gradient components; A pulsed current is applied to the orthogonal saddle coil to achieve time-space control of the gradient magnetic field; Based on the synergistic effect of the composite gradient field and the dynamic gradient components, the magnetic complex is guided to migrate and accumulate directionally on the surface of the catalytic unit.

8. The method for preparing negative ions according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step of bringing the excited-state electrons that have migrated to the surface of the catalytic unit into contact with the preset reactants and reacting to generate negative ions includes: The photocatalyst is doped with chalcogen elements to form an electron-rich surface; Single-atom active sites are constructed based on the electron-rich surface to serve as electron-reactant contact reaction centers. A porous adsorption material is coated on the surface of the photocatalyst modified with the single-atom active site to form a reactant enrichment layer. A directional transport channel is constructed in the reactant enrichment layer to connect the surface of the photocatalyst with the pores of the reactant enrichment layer; Based on the directional transport channel, excited-state electrons are guided to contact with the enriched preset reactants, resulting in a redox reaction that generates negative ions.

9. The method for preparing negative ions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of activating the light-emitting unit and irradiating the surface of the catalytic unit with the light generated by the light-emitting unit includes: Multi-band lasers are coupled to obtain a combined laser beam. Based on the combined laser beam, fiber array transmission processing is performed to obtain an arrayed laser beam; The arrayed laser beam is subjected to parabolic reflection focusing process to obtain a focused beam; A uniform light spot is obtained by performing a microlens array homogenization process based on the converged light beam. The uniform light spot is irradiated onto the surface of the catalytic unit.

10. A negative ion preparation device for implementing the negative ion preparation method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, This is applied to a negative ion preparation system, which includes a correspondingly arranged light-emitting unit, a catalytic unit, and a reactant transport unit. The catalytic unit comprises a photocatalyst and a conductor, including: A startup module is used to start the light-emitting unit and irradiate the surface of the catalytic unit with the light generated by the light-emitting unit, wherein the wavelength of the light is 150nm-400nm; The transition module is used to excite electrons in the valence band of the photocatalyst to transition to the conduction band based on the photon energy absorbed by the photocatalyst in the catalytic unit, forming excited electron-hole pairs. The catalytic unit contains titanium dioxide and other metals or metal oxides. A migration module is used to migrate the excited-state electrons from the interior of the catalytic unit to the surface of the catalytic unit through the conductor; A transfer module is used to transfer a preset reactant to the surface of the catalytic unit based on the reactant transfer unit; The contact module is used to bring the excited-state electrons that have migrated to the surface of the catalytic unit into contact with the preset reactants and react to generate negative ions.

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