Communication mode switching circuit and battery pack

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a communication mode switching circuit and a battery pack, and the communication mode switching circuit comprises a control part, an external mode selection interface, a communication line switching part, a first communication line corresponding to a first communication mode, and a second communication line corresponding to a second communication mode. When the external mode selection interface is in butt joint with a first type of communication interface corresponding to the first communication mode, the external mode selection interface is in a suspended state, and when the external mode selection interface is in butt joint with a second type of communication interface corresponding to the second communication mode, the external mode selection interface is in a low level state; and the control component is used for controlling the communication line switching component to connect the communication line switching interface to the first communication line when the external mode selection interface is in a suspended state, and controlling the communication line switching component to connect the communication line switching interface to the second communication line when the external mode selection interface is in a low-level state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage battery technology, and more specifically, to a communication mode switching circuit and a battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, battery packs can be used to provide power to smart tools (e.g., smart mobility devices). To accommodate the multiple communication needs of the same connected device or the different communication needs of different connected devices, the battery pack can possess one or more communication capabilities, such as UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter) or CAN (Controller Area Network) communication capabilities. If multiple communication capabilities are required simultaneously, communication interfaces, i.e., communication pins, need to be reserved for different communication needs. However, increasing the number of communication interfaces limits battery pack compatibility, increases interface size, and raises hardware costs.

[0003] Therefore, it is evident that the battery packs in the relevant technologies suffer from limited compatibility due to the increased number of communication interfaces. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a communication mode switching circuit and a battery pack to at least solve the problem of limited battery pack compatibility caused by the increase in the number of communication interfaces in related technologies.

[0005] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a communication mode switching circuit is provided, applied to a battery pack. The communication mode switching circuit includes: a control component, an external mode selection interface, a communication line switching component, a first communication line, and a second communication line. The communication line switching component includes a communication line switching interface. When the external mode selection interface is connected to a first type of communication interface, the external mode selection interface is in a floating state; when the external mode selection interface is connected to a second type of communication interface, the external mode selection interface is in a low-level state. The first type of communication interface is a communication interface corresponding to a first communication mode, and the second type of communication interface is a communication interface corresponding to a second communication mode. The first communication mode and the second communication mode are different communication modes. The control component is used to control the communication line switching component to connect the communication line switching interface to the first communication line when the external mode selection interface is in a floating state, and to control the communication line switching component to connect the communication line switching interface to the second communication line when the external mode selection interface is in a low-level state. The first communication line is a communication line corresponding to the first communication mode, and the second communication line is a communication line corresponding to the second communication mode.

[0006] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a battery pack is also provided, including: a communication mode switching circuit, the communication mode switching circuit including: a control component, an external mode selection interface, a communication line switching component, a first communication line and a second communication line, the communication line switching component including a communication line switching interface; wherein, when the external mode selection interface is connected to a first type of communication interface, the external mode selection interface is in a floating state, and when the external mode selection interface is connected to a second type of communication interface, the external mode selection interface is in a low level state, the first type of communication interface is a communication interface corresponding to a first communication mode, the second type of communication interface is a communication interface corresponding to a second communication mode, and the first communication mode and the second communication mode are different communication modes; the control component is used to control the communication line switching component to connect the communication line switching interface to the first communication line when the external mode selection interface is in a floating state, and to control the communication line switching component to connect the communication line switching interface to the second communication line when the external mode selection interface is in a low level state, wherein the first communication line is a communication line corresponding to the first communication mode, and the second communication line is a communication line corresponding to the second communication mode.

[0007] This application employs a communication mode switching circuit to switch the communication modes used by the battery pack. The communication mode switching circuit includes a control component, an external mode selection interface, a communication line switching component, a first communication line, and a second communication line. The communication line switching component includes the communication line switching interface. When the external mode selection interface is connected to the first type of communication interface, the external mode selection interface is in a floating state. When the external mode selection interface is connected to the second type of communication interface, the external mode selection interface is in a low-level state. The first type of communication interface corresponds to the first communication mode, and the second type of communication interface corresponds to the second communication mode. The first and second communication modes are different communication modes. Thus, by identifying the electrical state of a single pin, multiple states can be switched (i.e., multiple communication modes can be switched). For the control unit, when the external mode selection interface is in a floating state, it can control the communication line switching unit to connect the communication line switching interface to the first communication line corresponding to the first communication mode. Conversely, when the external mode selection interface is in a low-level state, it controls the communication line switching unit to connect the communication line switching interface to the second communication line corresponding to the second communication mode. Since the control unit switches the communication line based on the electrical state of the external mode selection interface, it adapts to the communication mode (i.e., the supported communication protocol) required by the external device connected to the external mode selection interface. Therefore, through the aforementioned communication mode switching circuit, the requirement for the number of communication interfaces in the battery pack can be reduced, achieving the technical effect of improving battery pack compatibility. This solves the problem of limited battery pack compatibility caused by the increased number of communication interfaces in related technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an optional communication mode conversion circuit according to an embodiment of this application;

[0009] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of an optional reverse enable control circuit according to an embodiment of this application;

[0010] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of an optional communication line switching component according to an embodiment of this application;

[0011] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of another optional communication line switching component according to an embodiment of this application;

[0012] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of an optional first communication line according to an embodiment of this application;

[0013] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of another optional first communication line according to an embodiment of this application;

[0014] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of an optional second communication line according to an embodiment of this application;

[0015] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of another optional communication mode conversion circuit according to an embodiment of this application;

[0016] Figure 9 This is a communication schematic diagram of an optional communication mode switching circuit according to an embodiment of this application;

[0017] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of another optional communication line switching component according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0019] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0020] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a communication mode switching circuit is provided. Optionally, in this embodiment, the above-mentioned communication mode switching circuit can be applied to a battery pack. A battery pack refers to an assembly composed of multiple battery cells and including some necessary electronic and mechanical components to form a directly usable power system. In related technologies, in order to adapt to multiple communication requirements of the same docking device or different communication requirements of different docking devices, a battery pack can have one or more communication capabilities, such as UART, CAN communication capabilities, etc. If multiple communication capabilities are required simultaneously, communication interfaces, i.e., communication pins, need to be reserved for different communication requirements. However, increasing the number of communication interfaces limits the compatibility of the battery pack and also increases the interface size and hardware cost.

[0021] The reason for the limited compatibility of the battery pack here is that it is used in different projects and connects to different controllers and instruments. The wiring harnesses for these controllers and instruments with different interfaces are fixed. For example, an instrument interface equipped only with CAN communication will not have reserved pins for serial communication; therefore, the instrument connector may be 4-pin or 5-pin. If the battery pack has reserved at least 6 pins for all interfaces, adapters or redesigned instrument wiring harnesses are required for mating.

[0022] Taking UART and CAN communication as examples, traditional battery packs already have separate UART or CAN communication capabilities. If simultaneous UART and CAN communication is required, the number of interface pins needs to be increased to form an independent interface (UART and CAN interfaces are different interfaces, corresponding to different pins; different interfaces require more pins). However, increasing the number of pins limits battery pack compatibility, increases interface size, and raises hardware costs. Therefore, to simultaneously support UART and CAN communication, the number of connector pins needs to be increased. For different instrument controllers, the wiring harness and connector pin counts need to be modified to allow for compatibility.

[0023] Furthermore, the same battery pack BMS (Battery Management System) hardware platform needs to be compatible with multiple communication methods (e.g., CAN and UART communication). When matching the requirements of different vehicle models, it is necessary to manually solder some reserved components and remove excess components. During mass production, multiple hardware architectures are also required for different battery requirements, increasing management difficulty, maintenance costs, labor costs, and efficiency. Therefore, the battery packs in related technologies also suffer from low hardware communication switching efficiency.

[0024] Here, the Battery Management System (BMS) hardware platform refers to a protection board integrated inside the battery pack. It protects against voltage and current fluctuations during charging and discharging, as well as the status of the battery cells. It also transmits abnormal conditions via communication (except for those without communication functionality). To match the requirements of different vehicle models, some components related to the requirements need to be manually soldered. Excess components are removed. Sometimes, through hardware compatibility design, two circuits are designed on the board, and components are soldered based on the requirements. Simultaneously, another communication circuit must be removed, otherwise it will affect the current communication function.

[0025] To reduce the number of communication interfaces required, this embodiment incorporates a communication mode switching circuit. This circuit switches between the communication modes (i.e., supported communication protocols) supported by the battery pack, allowing a single communication interface to adapt to different communication modes. This enables support for multiple communication modes without increasing the number of pins and allows for automatic switching of the battery pack's supported communication modes based on actual needs. Furthermore, since all components are soldered and switching is performed via software identification, configuration time is reduced. For vehicle communication structures with varying requirements, the battery pack offers stronger compatibility, higher integration, lower interface costs, and more convenient management.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an optional communication mode conversion circuit according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the communication mode conversion circuit includes: a control unit 101, an external mode selection interface 102, a communication line switching unit 103, a first communication line 104, and a second communication line 105. The communication line switching unit 103 includes a communication line switching interface 1031. The control unit 101 controls the communication mode conversion, the external mode selection interface 102 is a communication interface for interfacing with external devices, the communication line switching unit 103 implements the communication mode switching, the first communication line 104 corresponds to the first communication mode, and the second communication line corresponds to the second communication mode 105. The first and second communication modes are different communication modes.

[0027] Here, the first communication mode and the second communication mode can correspond to different communication protocols: the first communication mode corresponds to the first communication protocol, and the second communication mode corresponds to the second communication protocol. For example, the first communication mode can be the UART communication mode, and the second communication mode can be the CAN communication mode, wherein the UART communication mode uses serial asynchronous communication, while the CAN communication mode uses differential signal multi-node bus communication.

[0028] When the external mode selection interface 102 is connected to different types of communication interfaces, the external mode selection interface 102 can be in different electrical states, such as a pulled-high state (i.e., high-level state), a pulled-low state (low-level state), or a floating state, thereby allowing the identification of different types of communication interfaces based on the electrical state of a single communication interface. Optionally, when the external mode selection interface 102 is connected to a first type of communication interface, the external mode selection interface is in a floating state; when the external mode selection interface 102 is connected to a second type of communication interface, the external mode selection interface is in a low-level state. The first type of communication interface is the communication interface corresponding to the first communication mode, such as a UART interface; the second type of communication interface is the communication interface corresponding to the second communication mode, such as a CAN interface.

[0029] Optionally, the external mode selection interface can be part of the battery pack's communication interface or it can be independent of the battery pack's communication interface. Here, the battery pack's communication interface can interface with external communication interfaces (e.g., a first type of communication interface, a second type of communication interface, etc.), as long as it can be ensured that the external mode selection interface can be in different electrical states when the battery pack's communication interface interfaces with different types of external communication interfaces.

[0030] Taking the UART interface as the first type of communication interface, the CAN interface as the second type of communication interface, and the CAN_EN interface (CAN enable interface, corresponding to the CAN_EN pin) as the external mode selection interface as an example, when the UART interface is connected externally, the CAN_EN pin of the battery pack's external interface is not processed and remains floating. When the CAN interface is connected externally, the CAN_EN pin of the battery pack's external interface is pulled low by the external system. Here, for the same pin, by switching the supported communication protocol through the enable signal, the pull-up, pull-down, or floating state of a pin can be used to switch between multiple states. When the UART interface is connected externally, the CAN_EN pin of the external interface is not processed, and the external controller or instrument does not need to process this signal line; it defaults to serial communication. If a CAN system is connected, the external controller or instrument provides a low level to pull this pin low, and the battery pack can recognize and switch to CAN communication.

[0031] The control unit 101 can be used to control the communication line switching unit 103 to connect the communication line switching interface 1031 to the first communication line 104 when the external mode selection interface 102 is in a floating state, and to control the communication line switching unit 103 to connect the communication line switching interface 1031 to the second communication line 104 when the external mode selection interface 102 is in a low-level state. In this way, by recognizing the electrical state of the external mode selection interface, the control unit can complete the switching of communication lines, thereby adapting to the interface type connected to the communication line switching interface. Optionally, the control unit 101 can be a microcontroller unit (MCU).

[0032] Optionally, the communication line switching component 103 includes a communication line switching interface 1031, such as COM1 and COM2. When the external mode selection interface 102 is in a floating state, the control of the communication line switching component 103 connects the communication line switching interface 1031 to the first communication line 104. When the external mode selection interface 102 is in a low-level state, the control of the communication line switching interface 103 connects the communication line switching interface 1031 to the second communication line 105. Here, the first communication line 104 can be a UART communication line, and the second communication line 105 can be a CAN communication line.

[0033] In this embodiment, a communication mode switching circuit is used to switch the communication mode adopted by the battery pack. The communication mode switching circuit includes a control component, an external mode selection interface, a communication line switching component, a first communication line, and a second communication line. The communication line switching component includes the communication line switching interface. When the external mode selection interface is connected to the first type of communication interface, the external mode selection interface is in a floating state. When the external mode selection interface is connected to the second type of communication interface, the external mode selection interface is in a low-level state. The first type of communication interface is the communication interface corresponding to the first communication mode, and the second type of communication interface is the communication interface corresponding to the second communication mode. The first communication mode and the second communication mode are different communication modes. In this way, multiple states (i.e., multiple communication modes) can be switched by identifying the electrical state of a single pin. For the control unit, when the external mode selection interface is in a floating state, it can control the communication line switching unit to connect the communication line switching interface to the first communication line corresponding to the first communication mode. Conversely, when the external mode selection interface is in a low-level state, it controls the communication line switching unit to connect the communication line switching interface to the second communication line corresponding to the second communication mode. Since the control unit switches the communication line based on the electrical state of the external mode selection interface, it adapts to the communication mode (i.e., the supported communication protocol) required by the external device connected to the external mode selection interface. Therefore, through the aforementioned communication mode switching circuit, the requirement for the number of communication interfaces in the battery pack can be reduced, improving battery pack compatibility.

[0034] In one exemplary embodiment, the communication mode switching circuit further includes an inverted enable control circuit. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of an optional reverse enable control circuit according to an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the reverse enable control circuit includes a first diode D1, a transistor Q1, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, and a third resistor R3.

[0035] In this configuration, the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the external mode selection interface, and the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the base of the transistor Q1. The collector of the transistor Q1 is grounded through the first resistor R1 and connected to the internal mode selection interface of the control unit through the second resistor R2. The emitter of the transistor Q1 is connected to the first voltage terminal, and a third resistor R3 is connected between the emitter and base of the transistor Q1. When the external mode selection interface is floating, the transistor Q1 is not conducting and inputs a low-level signal to the internal mode selection interface. When the external mode selection interface is in a low-level state, the transistor Q1 is conducting and inputs a high-level signal to the internal mode selection interface.

[0036] In this embodiment, the reverse enable control circuit is a circuit used to convert the signal from the external mode selection interface into a signal input to the control unit.

[0037] Optionally, the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the external mode selection interface CAN_EN, and the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the base of the transistor Q1.

[0038] Here, one end of the first resistor R1 is grounded, and the other end is connected to the collector of transistor Q1; one end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the collector of transistor Q1, and the other end is connected to the internal mode selection interface of the control unit; one end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q1, and the other end is connected to the base of transistor Q1.

[0039] Taking the external mode selection interface as CAN_EN and the internal mode selection interface as I_CAN_EN (corresponding to the I_CAN_EN pin) as an example, when an external UART interface is connected, the CAN_EN pin of the battery pack's external interface is not processed accordingly, and the external mode selection interface (i.e., the CAN_EN interface) is in a floating state. The first diode D1 is not conducting, and the base voltage of transistor Q1 is insufficient, causing transistor Q1 to turn off, i.e., the transistor is not conducting. At this time, the emitter voltage of transistor Q1 is pulled low through the first resistor R1, and the internal mode selection of the control unit is controlled through the second resistor R2. When the external CAN interface is connected, the CAN_EN pin of the battery pack's external interface is pulled low by the external system, and the external mode selection interface (i.e., the CAN_EN interface) is in a low-level state. The first diode D1 is turned on, thereby triggering the transistor Q1 to turn on. When the transistor Q1 is turned on, the emitter of the transistor Q1 is connected to the first voltage terminal (e.g., 3V3), and the voltage between the emitter and base of the transistor Q1 can be affected through the third resistor R3, thus inputting a high-level signal to the internal mode selection interface (i.e., the I_CAN_EN interface) of the control unit.

[0040] Optionally, taking an MCU as the control component and a PNP transistor as an example, the internal mode selection interface (such as I_CAN_EN) is for MCU recognition. When an external UART interface is connected, the CAN_EN pin of the battery pack external interface is not processed and remains floating. At this time, the base (B-level) of the PNP transistor controlling CAN_EN is floating, and the transistor is not turned on, providing a low-level signal to the MCU for recognition. When an external CAN interface is connected, the CAN_EN pin of the battery pack external interface is pulled low by the external system. At this time, the base (B-level) of the PNP transistor controlling CAN_EN is connected to ground (GND), and the transistor is turned on, providing a high-level signal to the MCU for recognition.

[0041] This embodiment enables the selection of interface status based on external mode without altering the physical connection of the external interface, automatically switching between multiple communication modes. This not only simplifies the connection and configuration between the battery pack and external devices but also improves the system's flexibility and compatibility. The battery pack can avoid complex wiring harness designs caused by compatibility issues.

[0042] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the reverse enable control circuit may further include at least one of the following: a fourth resistor R4, a first capacitor C1, and a second capacitor C2.

[0043] Optionally, in this embodiment, a fourth resistor R4 can be provided between the anode of the first diode D1 and the base of the transistor Q1. The fourth resistor R4 can be connected between the anode of the first diode D1 and the base of the transistor Q1, and can be used for current limiting. When the first diode D1 is turned on, that is, when the external mode selection interface (such as the CAN_EN interface) is pulled low, the fourth resistor R4 can limit the current from the first voltage terminal (e.g., 3V3, i.e., a 3.3V DC power supply) to the base of the transistor Q1, so as to avoid overload or damage to the transistor Q1, and also ensure the stability and reliability of the circuit.

[0044] To improve signal quality, a filtering circuit for signal denoising and filtering can be included in the reverse enable control circuit, such as a first capacitor C1 and a second capacitor C2. One end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the external mode selection interface, and the other end is grounded. One end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the base of transistor Q1, and the other end is grounded. Both the first and second capacitors can be used for signal denoising and filtering. However, unlike the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2 focuses more on protecting and optimizing the signal quality of the transistor base. It filters out high-frequency noise from the power supply or other parts of the circuit, ensuring that the signal received by the base of transistor Q1 is not affected by internal circuit noise. This helps improve the stability and reliability of the transistor's operation.

[0045] In this embodiment, by adding a fourth resistor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor to the reverse enable control circuit, the stability and anti-interference performance of the reverse enable control circuit are significantly enhanced, thereby further improving the reliability and efficiency of communication mode switching.

[0046] In one exemplary embodiment, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of an optional communication line switching component according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 3As shown, the communication line switching component may include: a single-pole double-throw (SPDT) analog switch. The SPDT analog switch may include two control input ports (IN1 and IN2), a communication line switching interface, two first communication interfaces (NC1 and NC2), and two second communication interfaces (NO1 and NO2). The communication line switching interface may include two communication switching interfaces (COM1 and COM2). The two first communication interfaces correspond to the first communication line, and the two second communication interfaces correspond to the second communication line.

[0047] Here, the two first communication interfaces (NC1 and NC2) can correspond to the first communication line, and the two second communication interfaces (NO1 and NO2) can correspond to the second communication line. For example, the first communication line can be the line corresponding to the UART communication mode, and the second communication line can be the line corresponding to the CAN communication mode. It can be understood that in the UART communication mode, the two communication switching interfaces (COM1 and COM2) are connected to the two first communication interfaces (NC1 and NC2), and in the CAN communication mode, the two communication switching interfaces (COM1 and COM2) are connected to the two second communication interfaces (NO1 and NO2).

[0048] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, of the two first communication interfaces (NC1 and NC2), one first communication interface (NC1) can be connected to the TXO port in the first communication line, and the other first communication interface (NC2) can be connected to the RXO port in the first communication line; of the two second communication interfaces (NO1 and NO2), one second communication interface (NO1) can be connected to the CAN_H port in the second communication line, and the other second communication interface (NO2) can be connected to the CAN_L port in the second communication line.

[0049] The control unit is also used to output a low-level signal to the single-pole double-throw analog switch through two control input ports when the external mode selection interface is in a floating state, and to output a high-level signal to the single-pole double-throw analog switch through two control input ports when the external mode selection interface is in a low-level state.

[0050] A single-pole double-throw analog switch is used to connect two communication switching interfaces to two first communication interfaces in response to a low-level signal input by the control unit through two control input ports, so as to connect to a first communication line; and to connect two communication switching interfaces to two second communication interfaces in response to a high-level signal output by the control unit through two control input ports, so as to connect to a second communication line.

[0051] When the external mode selection interface is in a floating state, the control unit outputs a low-level signal to the single-pole double-throw analog switch through the two control input ports. In this case, the single-pole double-throw analog switch responds to the low-level signal and connects the two communication switching interfaces to the two first communication interfaces, thereby switching the communication line of the battery pack to the first communication line.

[0052] When the external mode selection interface is pulled low by an external device, the control unit outputs a high-level signal to the single-pole double-throw analog switch through two control input ports. At this time, the single-pole double-throw analog switch responds to the high-level signal and switches the two communication switching interfaces to the two second communication interfaces connected to the two communication switching interfaces, thereby switching the communication line of the battery pack to the second communication line.

[0053] For example, combined with Figure 3 Taking the MCU as the control unit as an example, the two control input ports (IN1 and IN2) are connected to the MCU's MCU_IN1 and MCU_IN2 ports respectively. For example, when the external mode selection interface is in a floating state, that is, when the MCU recognizes the low-level CAN_EN signal, it recognizes the external interface UART requirement and outputs a low-level signal to the high-performance single-pole double-throw analog switch (that is, it is synchronously given to the single-pole double-throw analog switch through MCU_IN1 and MCU_IN2). This single-pole double-throw analog switch simultaneously controls COM1 and COM2 to connect to UART communication for external communication. When the external mode selection interface is in a low-level state, that is, when the MCU recognizes the high-level CAN_EN signal, it recognizes the external interface CAN requirement and outputs a high-level signal to the high-performance single-pole double-throw analog switch. This single-pole double-throw analog switch simultaneously controls COM1 and COM2 to connect to CAN_H and CAN_L communication for external communication.

[0054] In this embodiment, the communication mode switching of the battery pack is realized through a single-pole double-throw analog switch, which significantly improves the flexibility and efficiency of the circuit. The single-pole double-throw analog switch has two control input ports, which can select to connect the communication line switching interface to different communication lines according to different level signals output by the control component, thereby enhancing the plug-and-play adaptability of the battery pack to different communication needs of external devices.

[0055] In one exemplary embodiment, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of another optional communication line switching component according to an embodiment of this application. The communication line switching component may further include a first switching circuit and a second switching circuit. The first switching circuit includes a first switching transistor Q2, a fifth resistor R5 and a sixth resistor R6, and the second switching circuit includes a second switching transistor Q3, a seventh resistor R7 and an eighth resistor R8.

[0056] In this configuration, the source of the first switching transistor Q2 is connected to one of the two communication switching interfaces, the gate of the first switching transistor Q2 is connected to the second voltage terminal through the fifth resistor R5, and the drain of the first switching transistor Q2 is connected to one of the two first communication interfaces or one of the two second communication interfaces. The sixth resistor R6 is connected to the second voltage terminal and the source of the first switching transistor Q2. The source of the second switching transistor Q3 is connected to the other of the two communication switching interfaces, the gate of the second switching transistor Q3 is connected to the third voltage terminal through the seventh resistor R7, and the drain of the second switching transistor Q3 is connected to the other of the two first communication interfaces or the other of the two second communication interfaces. The eighth resistor R8 is connected to the third voltage terminal and the source of the second switching transistor Q3.

[0057] The source of the first switch Q2 is connected to one of the two communication switching interfaces. This means that when the first switch Q2 is turned on, it will serve as part of the communication path between the battery pack and external devices, allowing signals to pass through. For example, the first switch Q2 can be a field-effect transistor (such as a MOSFET or JFET).

[0058] The fifth resistor R5 is connected between the gate of the first switch Q2 and the second voltage terminal. The fifth resistor R5 can provide a bias voltage to the gate of the first switch Q2 to ensure that the first switch Q2 remains in the off state when no control signal is received, preventing signal leakage. It also acts as a current-limiting resistor for the gate, protecting the gate of the first switch Q2 from damage caused by excessive drive current. For example, as... Figure 4 As shown, the second and third voltage terminals can be REGIN.

[0059] The sixth resistor R6 is connected between the second voltage terminal and the source of the first switching transistor Q2. The sixth resistor R6 can be used for current limiting and biasing to ensure that the current flowing through the source is within a safe range. At the same time, when the first switching transistor Q2 is turned off, the sixth resistor R6 and the communication interface connected to the source of the first switching transistor Q2 also form a pull-up or pull-down circuit to ensure a stable level of the communication interface in the inactive state.

[0060] The source of the second switch Q3 is connected to the other of the two communication switching interfaces. The function of the second switch Q3 is similar to that of the first switch Q2, but it controls a different communication interface. For example, the second switch Q3 can also be a field-effect transistor (such as a MOSFET or JFET).

[0061] The seventh resistor R7 is connected between the gate of the second switch Q3 and the third voltage terminal. The seventh resistor R7 provides bias to the gate of the second switch Q3, ensuring that the switch is turned off when there is no control signal, while also limiting the gate drive current and protecting the second switch Q3. For example, as... Figure 4 As shown, the third voltage terminal can also be REGIN.

[0062] The eighth resistor R8 is located between the third voltage terminal and the source of the second switch Q3. The eighth resistor R8 can be used to control the current flowing through the source and maintain a stable level of the communication interface when the second switch Q3 is turned off.

[0063] Optionally, taking COM1 and COM2 as examples of two communication switching interfaces, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the source of the first switch Q2 is connected to COM1, and the drain of the first switch Q2 is connected to one of the two first communication interfaces or one of the two second communication interfaces. For example, the drain of the first switch Q2 is connected to the first communication interface CAN_H, or the drain of the first switch Q2 is connected to the second communication interface TX. The source of the second switch Q3 is connected to COM2, and the drain of the second switch Q1 is connected to the other of the two first communication interfaces or the other of the two second communication interfaces. For example, the drain of the second switch Q3 is connected to the first communication interface CAN_L, or the drain of the second switch Q2 is connected to the second communication interface RX.

[0064] To improve signal quality, a filtering circuit for signal denoising and filtering can be set in the communication line switching component. For example, a third capacitor C3 can be set at the drain of the first switching transistor Q2, and a fourth capacitor C4 can be set at the drain of the first switching transistor Q3. The function of the filtering capacitors can be referred to the description of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 in the previous embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0065] By introducing a first switching circuit and a second switching circuit in this embodiment, the flexibility and efficiency of the communication line switching component can be improved, while also enhancing the security of the communication switching component.

[0066] In an exemplary embodiment, the communication line switching component may further include transient voltage suppressors (TVS) to protect the communication switching interface from transient voltage. Optionally, the communication line switching component may further include at least one of the following: a first transient voltage suppressor for protecting the transient voltage of the first communication switching interface of the two communication switching interfaces, wherein one end of the first transient voltage suppressor is connected to the first communication switching interface and the other end of the first transient voltage suppressor is grounded; a second transient voltage suppressor for protecting the transient voltage of the second communication switching interface of the two communication switching interfaces, wherein one end of the second transient voltage suppressor is connected to the second communication switching interface and the other end of the second transient voltage suppressor is grounded; and a third transient voltage suppressor for protecting the transient voltage between the two communication switching interfaces, wherein both ends of the third transient voltage suppressor are respectively connected to the two communication switching interfaces.

[0067] When the communication line switching component includes a first transient voltage suppressor, the first transient voltage suppressor can be used to protect the transient voltage of the first communication switching interface out of two communication switching interfaces. One end of the first transient voltage suppressor is connected to the first communication switching interface, and the other end is grounded. For example, as... Figure 4 As shown, one end of the first transient voltage suppressor D2 is connected to the first communication switching interface (COM1) through the first switching transistor Q2, and the other end of the first transient voltage suppressor D2 is grounded.

[0068] When the communication line switching component includes a second transient voltage suppressor, the second transient voltage suppressor can be used to protect the transient voltage of the second communication switching interface among two communication switching interfaces. One end of the second transient voltage suppressor is connected to the second communication switching interface, and the other end is grounded. For example, as... Figure 4 As shown, one end of the second transient voltage suppressor D3 is connected to the second communication switching interface (COM2) through the second switching transistor Q3, and the other end of the second transient voltage suppressor D3 is grounded.

[0069] When the communication line switching component includes a third transient voltage suppressor, the third transient voltage suppressor can be used to protect against transient voltages between two communication switching interfaces, wherein the two ends of the third transient voltage suppressor are respectively connected to the two communication switching interfaces. For example, as Figure 4 As shown, one end of the third transient voltage suppressor D4 is connected to the first communication switching interface (COM1) through the first switch Q2, and the other end is connected to the second communication switching interface (COM2) through the second switch Q3.

[0070] Optionally, such as Figure 4 As shown, the communication line switching component includes a first transient voltage suppressor D2, a second transient voltage suppressor D3, and a third transient voltage suppressor D4. That is, the first communication switching interface and the second communication switching interface (COM1, COM2) add three transient voltage suppressors to prevent static electricity.

[0071] In this embodiment, by setting a first transient voltage suppressor, a second transient voltage suppressor, and a third transient voltage suppressor to protect the communication switching interface from transient voltage, the electromagnetic compatibility and signal integrity of the circuit are effectively improved.

[0072] In one exemplary embodiment, to limit the inrush current flowing through the communication switching interface, a thermistor, such as a positive temperature coefficient thermistor (PTC), can be placed before the communication switching interface. The communication line switching component may also include at least one of the following: a first thermistor for limiting the inrush current, wherein the first thermistor is connected to a first communication switching interface among the two communication switching interfaces; and a second thermistor for limiting the inrush current, wherein the second thermistor is connected to a second communication switching interface among the two communication switching interfaces.

[0073] When the communication line switching component includes a first thermistor, the first thermistor can be used to limit inrush current. Optionally, one end of the first thermistor is connected to a first communication switching interface among two communication switching interfaces, and the other end is connected to either a first communication interface or a second communication interface among two second communication interfaces. For example, as... Figure 4 As shown, one end of the first thermistor PTC1 is connected to the first communication switching interface (COM1) of the two communication switching interfaces through the first switching transistor Q2, and the other end is connected to the first communication interface CAN_H or the second communication interface TX.

[0074] When the communication line switching component includes a second thermistor, the second thermistor can be used to limit inrush current. Optionally, one end of the second thermistor is connected to the second communication switching interface of the two communication switching interfaces, and the other end is connected to the other first communication interface of the two first communication interfaces or the other second communication interface of the two second communication interfaces. For example, as... Figure 4 As shown, one end of the second thermistor PTC2 is connected to the second communication switching interface (COM2) of the two communication switching interfaces through the second switching transistor Q3, and the other end is connected to the first communication interface CAN_L or the second communication interface RX.

[0075] Optionally, such as Figure 4 As shown, the communication line switching component also includes a first thermistor and a second thermistor. That is, the first communication switching interface and the second communication switching interface (COM1, COM2) add two positive temperature coefficient thermistors to the external output to avoid the impact of surges on the system.

[0076] This embodiment significantly enhances the circuit's self-protection capability when facing surge current by adding a first thermistor and / or a second thermistor.

[0077] In an exemplary embodiment, the first communication line may be a UART communication line, which includes a first communication sub-line from the data receiving port of one of the two first communication interfaces to the first data receiving port of the control component.

[0078] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of an optional first communication line according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the first communication sub-line includes a second diode D5, a ninth resistor R9, and a tenth resistor R10. The cathode of the second diode D5 is connected to the data receiving port of the two first communication interfaces, and the anode of the second diode D5 is connected to the first data receiving port of the control unit via the ninth resistor R9. One end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to a fourth voltage terminal, and the other end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected between the anode of the second diode D5 and the ninth resistor R9. Optionally, the fourth voltage terminal can be 3V.

[0079] Taking the data receiving port of the two first communication interfaces as RXO and the first data receiving port of the control unit as MCU_RX as an example, when MCU_RX outputs a high level, the current flows through the ninth resistor R9. If the RXO level is lower than the MCU_RX output level and the conduction condition of the second diode D5 is met, the second diode D5 conducts. The high level of MCU_RX will affect RXO through the second diode D5, and RXO will be pulled up. At the same time, the fourth voltage terminal will also have a pull-up effect on RXO. Optionally, MCU_RX uses the second diode D5 for external isolation to ensure that the external high level does not cause abnormal interference to the system.

[0080] In this embodiment, the second diode, the ninth resistor, and the tenth resistor work together in the first communication sub-line, which not only provides the necessary signal protection measures but also optimizes the quality of signal transmission. This ensures that even in complex communication mode switching scenarios, the control unit can still receive signals accurately, thereby achieving efficient and secure communication functions.

[0081] In an exemplary embodiment, the first communication line may be a UART communication line, and the first communication line includes a second communication sub-line connecting the data transmission port of one of the two first communication interfaces to the first data transmission port of the control component.

[0082] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of another optional first communication line according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the second communication sub-line includes the third switch Q4, the eleventh resistor R11, the twelfth resistor R12, the thirteenth resistor R13, and the fourteenth resistor R14.

[0083] In this configuration, the source of the third switch Q4 is connected to the first data transmission port of the control unit via the eleventh resistor R11, the gate of the third switch Q4 is connected to the fifth voltage terminal via the twelfth resistor R12, and the drain of the third switch Q4 is connected to the data transmission ports of the two first communication interfaces. The third switch Q4 can be used for switch isolation, isolating internal and external serial port high levels. For example, the third switch Q4 can be a field-effect transistor (such as a MOSFET or FET).

[0084] One end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected to the fifth voltage terminal, and the other end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected between the source of the third switch Q4 and the eleventh resistor R11; one end of the fourteenth resistor R14 is connected to the sixth voltage terminal, and the other end of the fourteenth resistor R14 is connected between the drain of the third switch Q4 and the data transmission port in the two first communication interfaces.

[0085] Taking the first data transmission port of the control unit as MCU_TX and the data transmission port of the two first communication interfaces as TXO as an example, the source of the third switch Q4 is connected to MCU_TX through the eleventh resistor R11; the gate of the third switch Q4 is connected to the fifth voltage terminal through the twelfth resistor R12, optionally, the fifth voltage terminal is 3V3. The drain of the third switch Q4 is directly connected to TXO. It can be understood that the function of the third switch Q4 in this embodiment is as a voltage control switch. When a valid data signal is received from the control unit (such as MCU), the third switch Q4 is turned on, allowing the signal to pass to the external device; while in the absence of signal or in standby state, the third switch Q4 is turned off to prevent unnecessary signal leakage or circuit loss. Among them, the eleventh resistor R11 can be a current-limiting resistor for limiting current.

[0086] Optionally, when MCU_TX outputs a high level, the gate of the third switch Q4 receives a high level after passing through the eleventh resistor R11. If the gate voltage meets the condition for the third switch to conduct (greater than the turn-on voltage), the third switch Q4 conducts, and the drain and source are connected. At this time, the fifth voltage terminal forms a loop through the thirteenth resistor R13, the conducting third switch Q4, and ground, and TXO is pulled low. If the third switch Q4 is not conducting (the gate voltage does not meet the turn-on condition), the third switch Q4 is in the off state, and TXO is pulled up by the sixth voltage terminal (REG2) through the fourteenth resistor R14. When MCU_TX outputs a low level, the gate of the third switch Q4 is pulled low, and the third switch Q4 is off. At this time, if there is a voltage at the sixth voltage terminal (REG2), the sixth voltage terminal (REG2) will pull up TXO through the fourteenth resistor R14, making TXO output a high level.

[0087] Optionally, such as Figure 6 As shown, MCU_TX uses a MOSFET as a third switch for isolation, and the external TXO is connected to the higher-level REG2 pin to ensure that external devices can recognize the high level and avoid erroneous levels.

[0088] In this embodiment, the third switch, eleventh resistor, twelfth resistor, thirteenth resistor and fourteenth resistor in the second communication sub-line are used to effectively control and protect the data transmission port signal, ensuring that the data transmission process from the control component to the first communication interface is both efficient and safe, and avoiding signal interference and potential hardware damage.

[0089] In an exemplary embodiment, the second communication line may be a CAN communication line, which includes two second communication interfaces connecting to the second data transmission port and the second data reception port of the control component. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of an optional second communication line according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the second transceiver includes a CAN transceiver and two ferrite beads. Figure 7 In the diagram, L1 and L2 are ferrite beads that can be used to filter out external high-frequency interference signals.

[0090] The second data transmission port is connected to the data transmission port of the CAN transceiver, and the second data reception port is connected to the data reception port of the CAN transceiver. The CAN high-level communication interface of the two second communication interfaces is connected to the CAN high-level communication interface of the CAN transceiver via one of the two ferrite beads, and the CAN low-level communication interface of the two second communication interfaces is connected to the CAN low-level communication interface of the CAN transceiver via the other of the two ferrite beads.

[0091] Taking MCU_CTX as the second data transmission port and MCU_CRX as the second data reception port as an example, MCU_CTX is connected to the data transmission port (TXD) of the CAN transceiver, and MCU_CRX is connected to the data reception port (RXD) of the CAN transceiver.

[0092] Optionally, taking CAN_H as the CAN high-order line communication interface and CAN_L as the CAN low-order line communication interface as an example, CAN_H is connected to the CAN high-order line communication interface (CANH) of the CAN transceiver via L1, and CAN_L is connected to the CAN low-order line communication interface (CANL) of the CAN transceiver via L2. That is, the CANH and CANL signals come from the MCU and are processed by a CAN transceiver, and the CANH and CANL output interfaces are connected to two ferrite beads to suppress the influence of high-frequency signals on the system.

[0093] For example, when the battery pack receives an external CAN communication request, the CANH and CANL communication interfaces are connected to the corresponding ports (CAN high-order line communication interface and CAN low-order line communication interface) of the CAN transceiver via ferrite beads (L1 and L2), respectively. The control unit sends data signals to the data transmission port of the CAN transceiver, which converts and amplifies the signals before sending them to the external bus via the CANH and CANL interfaces. Similarly, signals received from the external bus are first filtered by ferrite beads, then converted by the CAN transceiver into signals recognizable by the control unit, and finally delivered to the control unit's second data reception port.

[0094] In an optional embodiment, Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of another optional communication mode conversion circuit according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 8 The external interface of the communication mode conversion circuit is illustrated, for example, such as Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, CAN_EN, CANH / TX, and CANL / RX are used for communication via external interfaces (terminals). Furthermore, Figure 8 The KEY interface can be used as the interface for critical signal lines. Figure 8 The NTC interface can be used for negative temperature coefficient thermistors.

[0095] This embodiment not only meets the requirements of CAN communication, namely supporting bus communication between multiple nodes, but also improves the electromagnetic compatibility of the system through ferrite beads, enabling the battery pack to maintain stable communication performance when facing complex electromagnetic environments.

[0096] For example, Figure 9 This is a communication schematic diagram of an optional communication mode switching circuit according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 9 As shown, when an external UART interface is connected, the CAN_EN pin of the battery pack's external interface is in a floating state. The base plate (B) of the PNP transistor (Q1) controlling CAN_EN is also floating, and the transistor is not conducting. A low-level signal (I_CAN_EN pulled low) is input to the MCU for identification. The MCU recognizes this low-level signal, pulls MCU_IN1 / MCU_IN2 high, and the single-pole double-throw analog switch switches to UART communication. When an external CAN interface is connected, the CAN_EN pin of the battery pack's external interface is pulled low by the external system. The base plate (B) of the PNP transistor (Q1) controlling CAN_EN is connected to GND, and the transistor conducts. A high-level signal (I_CAN_EN pulled high) is input to the MCU for identification. The MCU recognizes this high-level signal, pulls MCU_IN1 / MCU_IN2 low, and the single-pole double-throw analog switch switches to CAN communication.

[0097] In this embodiment, the same physical interface can automatically identify the vehicle requirements of different interface models and adapt to UART or CAN protocols without manual configuration or hardware replacement, greatly simplifying the system integration process and maximizing the compatibility of the battery pack. The system can dynamically adjust the communication method according to real-time needs, supporting both UART point-to-point simple communication and CAN multi-node bus communication. Therefore, by adding an adaptive switching function to the external communication interface of the battery pack, the system determines whether the battery pack uses CAN or UART communication based on an enable signal from the external vehicle, automatically identifying and switching, greatly reducing configuration time. For different vehicle communication structures with different requirements, the battery pack has stronger compatibility, higher integration, lower interface costs, and more convenient management.

[0098] In one exemplary embodiment, reference is made to Figure 3 The voltage input terminal (V+) of a single-pole double-throw analog switch can be connected to an input voltage, which can be directly connected to the voltage terminal. To improve the stability of the input voltage and its compatibility with the single-pole double-throw analog switch, a voltage input circuit can be set at the voltage input terminal of the single-pole double-throw analog switch. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of another optional communication line switching component according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the voltage input circuit is as follows: the seventh voltage terminal is connected to the voltage input terminal of the single-pole double-throw analog switch via the fifteenth resistor R15. The end of the fifteenth resistor R15 connected to the voltage input terminal of the single-pole double-throw analog switch is grounded through the fifth capacitor C5. The fifth capacitor C5 is a filter capacitor, and a third diode D6 is connected in parallel with the fifth capacitor C5.

[0099] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a battery pack is also provided, which may include the communication mode switching circuit in any of the foregoing embodiments, which has been described before and will not be repeated here.

[0100] Optionally, in this embodiment, the battery pack includes a communication mode switching circuit, which includes a control unit, an external mode selection interface, a communication line switching unit, a first communication line, and a second communication line. The communication line switching unit includes a communication line switching interface. When the external mode selection interface is connected to the first type of communication interface, the external mode selection interface is in a floating state; when the external mode selection interface is connected to the second type of communication interface, the external mode selection interface is in a low-level state. The first type of communication interface corresponds to a first communication mode, and the second type of communication interface corresponds to a second communication mode. The first and second communication modes are different communication modes. The control unit is used to control the communication line switching unit to connect the communication line switching interface to the first communication line when the external mode selection interface is in a floating state, and to control the communication line switching unit to connect the communication line switching interface to the second communication line when the external mode selection interface is in a low-level state. The first communication line corresponds to the first communication mode, and the second communication line corresponds to the second communication mode.

[0101] This application employs a communication mode switching circuit to switch the communication modes used by the battery pack. The communication mode switching circuit includes a control component, an external mode selection interface, a communication line switching component, a first communication line, and a second communication line. The communication line switching component includes the communication line switching interface. When the external mode selection interface is connected to the first type of communication interface, the external mode selection interface is in a floating state. When the external mode selection interface is connected to the second type of communication interface, the external mode selection interface is in a low-level state. The first type of communication interface corresponds to the first communication mode, and the second type of communication interface corresponds to the second communication mode. The first and second communication modes are different communication modes. Thus, by identifying the electrical state of a single pin, multiple states can be switched (i.e., multiple communication modes can be switched). For the control unit, when the external mode selection interface is in a floating state, it can control the communication line switching unit to connect the communication line switching interface to the first communication line corresponding to the first communication mode. Conversely, when the external mode selection interface is in a low-level state, it controls the communication line switching unit to connect the communication line switching interface to the second communication line corresponding to the second communication mode. Since the control unit switches the communication line based on the electrical state of the external mode selection interface, it adapts to the communication mode (i.e., the supported communication protocol) required by the external device connected to the external mode selection interface. Therefore, through the aforementioned communication mode switching circuit, the requirement for the number of communication interfaces in the battery pack can be reduced, achieving the technical effect of improving battery pack compatibility.

[0102] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A communication mode switching circuit, characterized in that, Applied to a battery pack, the communication mode switching circuit includes: a control component, an external mode selection interface, a communication line switching component, a first communication line, and a second communication line. The communication line switching component includes a communication line switching interface. When the external mode selection interface is connected to the first type of communication interface, the external mode selection interface is in a floating state. When the external mode selection interface is connected to the second type of communication interface, the external mode selection interface is in a low level state. The first type of communication interface is the communication interface corresponding to the first communication mode, and the second type of communication interface is the communication interface corresponding to the second communication mode. The first communication mode and the second communication mode are different communication modes. The control component is configured to control the communication line switching component to connect the communication line switching interface to the first communication line when the external mode selection interface is in a floating state, and to control the communication line switching component to connect the communication line switching interface to the second communication line when the external mode selection interface is in a low level state, wherein the first communication line is a communication line corresponding to the first communication mode, and the second communication line is a communication line corresponding to the second communication mode.

2. The communication mode switching circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication mode switching circuit further includes: a reverse enable control circuit, which comprises: a first diode, a transistor, a first resistor, a second resistor, and a third resistor; wherein, The cathode of the first diode is connected to the external mode selection interface, and the anode of the first diode is connected to the base of the transistor. The collector of the transistor is grounded through the first resistor and connected to the internal mode selection interface of the control component through the second resistor. The emitter of the transistor is connected to the first voltage terminal, and the third resistor is connected between the emitter and the base of the transistor. Specifically, when the external mode selection interface is in a floating state, the transistor is not turned on and inputs a low-level signal to the internal mode selection interface; when the external mode selection interface is in a low-level state, the transistor is turned on and inputs a high-level signal to the internal mode selection interface.

3. The communication mode switching circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reverse enable control circuit further includes: a fourth resistor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor; wherein, the fourth resistor is connected between the anode of the first diode and the base of the transistor; one end of the first capacitor is connected to the external mode selection interface, and the other end of the first capacitor is grounded; one end of the second capacitor is connected to the base of the transistor, and the other end of the second capacitor is grounded.

4. The communication mode switching circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication line switching component includes: a single-pole double-throw analog switch, the single-pole double-throw analog switch including two control input ports, the communication line switching interface, two first communication interfaces, and two second communication interfaces. The communication line switching interface includes two communication switching interfaces, the two first communication interfaces corresponding to the first communication lines, and the two second communication interfaces corresponding to the second communication lines; wherein... The control component is also used to output a low-level signal to the single-pole double-throw analog switch through the two control input ports when the external mode selection interface is in a floating state, and to output a high-level signal to the single-pole double-throw analog switch through the two control input ports when the external mode selection interface is in a low-level state. The single-pole double-throw analog switch is used to connect the two communication switching interfaces to the two first communication interfaces in response to a low-level signal input by the control component through the two control input ports, so as to connect to the first communication line; and to connect the two communication switching interfaces to the two second communication interfaces in response to a high-level signal output by the control component through the two control input ports, so as to connect to the second communication line.

5. The communication mode switching circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The communication line switching component further includes: a first switching circuit and a second switching circuit, wherein the first switching circuit includes a first switching transistor, a fifth resistor, and a sixth resistor, and the second switching circuit includes a second switching transistor, a seventh resistor, and an eighth resistor; wherein... The source of the first switching transistor is connected to one of the two communication switching interfaces, the gate of the first switching transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal through the fifth resistor, the drain of the first switching transistor is connected to one of the two first communication interfaces or one of the two second communication interfaces, and the sixth resistor is connected to the second voltage terminal and the source of the first switching transistor. The source of the second switching transistor is connected to the other of the two communication switching interfaces. The gate of the second switching transistor is connected to the third voltage terminal through the seventh resistor. The drain of the second switching transistor is connected to the other of the two first communication interfaces or the other of the two second communication interfaces. The eighth resistor is connected to the third voltage terminal and the source of the second switching transistor.

6. The communication mode switching circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The communication line switching component further includes at least one of the following: A first transient voltage suppressor is used to protect the transient voltage of the first communication switching interface of the two communication switching interfaces. One end of the first transient voltage suppressor is connected to the first communication switching interface, and the other end of the first transient voltage suppressor is grounded. The second transient voltage suppressor is used to protect the transient voltage of the second communication switching interface among the two communication switching interfaces. One end of the second transient voltage suppressor is connected to the second communication switching interface, and the other end of the second transient voltage suppressor is grounded. A third transient voltage suppressor is used to protect against transient voltage between the two communication switching interfaces, wherein the two ends of the third transient voltage suppressor are respectively connected to the two communication switching interfaces.

7. The communication mode switching circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The communication line switching component further includes at least one of the following: A first thermistor is used to limit surge current, wherein the first thermistor is connected to the first communication switching interface in the two communication switching interfaces; A second thermistor is used to limit surge current, wherein the second thermistor is connected to the second communication switching interface of the two communication switching interfaces.

8. The communication mode switching circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first communication line is a UART communication line, which includes a first communication sub-line connecting the data receiving port of one of the two first communication interfaces to the first data receiving port of the control component. The first communication sub-line includes: a second diode, a ninth resistor, and a tenth resistor; wherein... The cathode of the second diode is connected to the data receiving port of the two first communication interfaces, and the anode of the second diode is connected to the first data receiving port of the control component through the ninth resistor; One end of the tenth resistor is connected to the fourth voltage terminal, and the other end of the tenth resistor is connected between the anode of the second diode and the ninth resistor.

9. The communication mode switching circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first communication line is a UART communication line, and the first communication line includes a second communication sub-line connecting the data transmission port of the two first communication interfaces to the first data transmission port of the control component. The second communication sub-line includes: a third switch, an eleventh resistor, a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, and a fourteenth resistor; wherein, The source of the third switch is connected to the first data transmission port of the control component through the eleventh resistor, the gate of the third switch is connected to the fifth voltage terminal through the twelfth resistor, and the drain of the third switch is connected to the data transmission port of the two first communication interfaces. One end of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the fifth voltage terminal, and the other end of the thirteenth resistor is connected between the source of the third switch and the eleventh resistor; One end of the fourteenth resistor is connected to the sixth voltage terminal, and the other end of the fourteenth resistor is connected between the drain of the third switch and the data transmission port in the two first communication interfaces.

10. The communication mode switching circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second communication line is a CAN communication line, comprising communication lines from the two second communication interfaces to the second data transmission port and the second data reception port of the control component. The second transceiver includes a CAN transceiver and two ferrite beads; wherein, The second data transmitting port is connected to the data transmitting port of the CAN transceiver, and the second data receiving port is connected to the data receiving port of the CAN transceiver; The CAN high-order line communication interface of the two second communication interfaces is connected to the CAN high-order line communication interface of the CAN transceiver via one of the two ferrite beads, and the CAN low-order line communication interface of the two second communication interfaces is connected to the CAN low-order line communication interface of the CAN transceiver via the other of the two ferrite beads.

11. A battery pack, characterized in that, include: A communication mode switching circuit, comprising: a control component, an external mode selection interface, a communication line switching component, a first communication line, and a second communication line, wherein the communication line switching component includes a communication line switching interface; wherein... When the external mode selection interface is connected to the first type of communication interface, the external mode selection interface is in a floating state. When the external mode selection interface is connected to the second type of communication interface, the external mode selection interface is in a low level state. The first type of communication interface is the communication interface corresponding to the first communication mode, and the second type of communication interface is the communication interface corresponding to the second communication mode. The first communication mode and the second communication mode are different communication modes. The control component is configured to control the communication line switching component to connect the communication line switching interface to the first communication line when the external mode selection interface is in a floating state, and to control the communication line switching component to connect the communication line switching interface to the second communication line when the external mode selection interface is in a low level state, wherein the first communication line is a communication line corresponding to the first communication mode, and the second communication line is a communication line corresponding to the second communication mode.

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