Production process of mushroom sticks inserted into nest openings for dictyophora rubrovolvata

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial cultivation of edible mushrooms, and provides a production process of a nest-opening stick-inserting mushroom stick for dictyophora rubrovolvata, which comprises the following steps: taking raw materials according to a ratio, dry-mixing and then wet-mixing to obtain a substrate; pressing out a nest opening by adopting a corner-folded bag, inserting a rod, and sealing by using a sponge plug; performing high-temperature sterilization and cooling; spraying dictyophora rubrovolvata liquid strains and hanging on the wall; culturing in a suitable environment until hyphae grow all over the fungus bags; according to the method, through the standardized mushroom stick manufacturing process, the problems that in existing dictyophora rubrovolvata mushroom stick production, the mushroom ages are inconsistent, and the yield is unbalanced are solved, the growth cycle is shortened, the dictyophora rubrovolvata cultivation efficiency and quality are improved, and the cultivation cost is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of edible fungus artificial cultivation, in particular to a production process of a nest-mouth inserted stick fungus stick for Dictyophora rubrovolvata. BACKGROUND

[0002] Dictyophora rubrovolvata is the best quality among known species of Dictyophora, and mainly distributes in the bamboo ecological environment in China. Due to its taste and nutritional value, it becomes an artificial cultivation high-quality edible fungus variety.

[0003] In the artificial cultivation of Dictyophora rubrovolvata, the production quality of the fungus stick directly determines the subsequent mushroom effect. In the prior art, the production process of the fungus stick for Dictyophora rubrovolvata is mainly the “three-piece set punching type bagging equipment production process”. The core feature of the process is to rely on the air permeability of the three-piece set structure to enable the liquid fungus to seal the material surface when the fungus is inoculated, so that the surface fungus germinates quickly, thereby reducing the initial fungus bag pollution. However, the process has significant defects. Because the air permeability of the three-piece set is too strong, the aerial mycelium on the surface of the fungus bag grows vigorously and eats the material too fast, which causes the fungus in the upper one-third area of the fungus bag to grow for 1 / 3 shorter than the whole fungus bag, the fungus age in the area is 1 / 3 earlier, and then causes the fungus age to be old in the growth and mushroom stage, the yield of the whole fungus bag is uneven, the biological conversion rate is 30% lower than the theoretical value, and the picking period is long and the labor cost is high.

[0004] Therefore, the technical personnel in the field proposes a production process of a nest-mouth inserted stick fungus stick for Dictyophora rubrovolvata, which aims to realize the synchronization of fungus growth, guarantee the consistency of fungus age, and finally achieve the cultivation goal of strong resistance to impurities, high yield and high quality of Dictyophora rubrovolvata by optimizing the fungus bag structure design and production process parameters. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the application provides a production process of a nest-mouth inserted stick fungus stick for Dictyophora rubrovolvata, which solves the problem of inconsistent fungus age and uneven yield in the production of existing Dictyophora rubrovolvata fungus stick, shortens the growth cycle, improves the cultivation efficiency and quality of Dictyophora rubrovolvata, and reduces the cultivation cost through the standardized fungus stick production process.

[0006] A production process of a nest-mouth inserted stick fungus stick for Dictyophora rubrovolvata, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, bamboo chips 40%-50%, broadleaf wood chips 20%-30%, bran 15%-20%, corn flour 5%-8%, gypsum 1%-2%, and superphosphate 0.5%-1% are weighed according to the mass percentage, dry mixed for 10 minutes, and then wet mixed with water for 15-20 minutes to obtain a substrate, wherein the water content is controlled to be 60%-65%, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5;

[0008] S2, using a screw auger feeding bagging machine, the speed of 20-30 r / min, the substrate obtained in step S1 is loaded into the folded corner polypropylene bag, the nest-shaped mouth is pressed out through the nest-shaped mouth forming die, the plug stick of food grade PP material is inserted, the middle hole structure is formed, and the fungus bag is obtained; and the fungus bag after the nest-shaped mouth is plugged is sealed with a sponge plug;

[0009] S3, the fungus bag obtained in step S2 is placed into a high-pressure steam sterilization pot, and is kept at 121℃, 0.11-0.12 MPa for 120-150 minutes, and is cooled to 25-30℃;

[0010] S4, the fungus bag after cooling in step S3 is sprayed with red bamboo fungus liquid culture with a concentration of 10 6 -10 8 mL, the inoculation amount is 5%-8% of the total mass of the fungus bag, the liquid culture is hung on the wall to a depth of 14-17 mm from the bottom of the middle hole to the nest-shaped mouth, and is plugged back with a sponge plug;

[0011] S5, the fungus bag after inoculation in step S4 is placed in a dark environment with a temperature of 22-25℃, a relative humidity of 60%-70%, and a CO2 concentration of ≤0.3%, and is ventilated 2-3 times a day for 30-60 minutes each time, and is cultured for 50-60 days until the mycelium covers the fungus bag.

[0012] Preferably, in the step S1, the bamboo chips and broadleaf tree chips are treated by sunning for 2-3 days, and the particle size is controlled to be 2-5 mm; the bran and corn flour are removed by a 40-mesh sieve.

[0013] Preferably, in the step S2, the bag body diameter of the folded corner polypropylene bag is 158-170 mm, the bag height is 1900-2200 mm, and the loading compactness is 0.6-0.7 g / cm 3 ; the thickness of the folded corner polypropylene bag is 0.04-0.05 mm, the sponge plug is sterilized by soaking in 75% alcohol before use, the diameter of the sponge plug is 20-22 mm, and the density is 20 kg / m 3 .

[0014] Preferably, in the step S2, the nest-shaped mouth depth is 20-30 mm; the plug stick diameter is 8-10 mm; and the middle hole depth is 16-1900 mm, the middle hole bottom is 35 mm away from the fungus bag bottom, and the middle hole wall is 45 mm away from the bag wall.

[0015] Preferably, in the step S4, the mycelial vigor of the red bamboo fungus liquid culture is ≥95%, and the inoculation environment temperature is controlled to be 25-28℃ and the humidity is ≤60%.

[0016] Preferably, in the step S5, the bacteria are incubated for 1 time every 3 days, and the contaminated bacteria bag with green or black mold spots or with acid smell is removed; the ventilation volume of the bacteria incubation environment is 10-15 m 3 / h·m 2 , and the day and night temperature difference is controlled to be ≤2℃.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. In the present application, the daily average material consumption rate of the bacteria in the bacteria bag is stabilized at 1.2 mm through the nest opening stick structure and precise parameter control, and the overall bag filling time is only 50-60 days, which is 30-40 days shorter than that of the traditional process; and the whole bag age difference is ≤3 days, which solves the problem of "the upper third age in advance" in the traditional process.

[0019] 2. The mushroom production of the bacteria stick produced by the present application is neatness ≥90%, the same batch mushroom production time difference is ≤2 days, the biological conversion rate is ≥80%, which is greater than that of the traditional process ≤50%; and the single bag fresh mushroom yield can reach 150-200g, which is 60%-70% higher than that of the traditional process 90-120g, and the stipe of the Dictyophora rubrovolvata is thick and strong, the veil is complete, and the quality is significantly optimized.

[0020] 3. The present application makes the bacteria bag contamination rate ≤2% through the pretreatment and sterilization parameter optimization of the raw materials; the picking period is shortened to 25-30 days, the interval between the second and third mushroom production is 5-7 days, and the labor cost is reduced by more than 40%, which has significant industrial application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is the production process flow chart of the nest opening stick bacteria stick of the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 is the mycelium germination diagram of the present application;

[0023] Figure 3 is the mycelium full-grown bacteria bag diagram of the present application;

[0024] Figure 4 is the vertical section diagram of the uniform material consumption of the mycelium of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present application, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present application.

[0026] Example: The present application provides a nest opening stick bacteria stick production process for Dictyophora rubrovolvata, which comprises the following steps:

[0027] i. Raw material preparation and pretreatment: The raw materials are weighed according to the mass percentage: bamboo chips 45%, broadleaf wood chips 25%, bran 18%, corn meal 7%, gypsum 2%, and superphosphate 3%. The bamboo chips and broadleaf wood chips are exposed to the sun on a cement floor for 3 days, with stirring twice a day. After exposure, the particles larger than 5 mm are removed by screening with a 2-5 mm mesh screen. The bran and corn meal are sieved through a 40 mesh standard sieve to remove lumps and impurities, and are then placed in clean plastic bags for use.

[0028] In the above-mentioned raw materials, bamboo chips are the main carbon source, used to simulate the natural growth substrate of Dictyophora rubrovolvata; broadleaf wood chips are auxiliary carbon sources, used to adjust the air permeability of the substrate; bran is the main nitrogen source, providing the protein needed for mycelial growth; corn meal is used to supplement carbon and nitrogen sources, increasing the nutritional density of the substrate; gypsum is used to adjust the pH value of the substrate and supplement calcium elements; superphosphate is used to supplement phosphorus elements and promote the healthy growth of mycelium. Water is added as needed to control the moisture content of the substrate to 60%-65%.

[0029] ii. Substrate preparation: The pretreated solid raw materials are placed in a 500L horizontal stirrer, and the stirring speed is set to 35r / min. Dry mixing is performed for 10 minutes. Then, water is gradually added through the water inlet of the stirrer, and stirring is performed while adding water. Wet mixing is performed for 18 minutes. After stirring is completed, random sampling is performed for detection:

[0030] Moisture content: The moisture content is calculated by drying 10g of the substrate at 105℃ until a constant weight is obtained. The moisture content is 63%;

[0031] pH value: The pH value of the substrate is detected using pH test paper (precision 0.5). The pH value of the substrate is 7.0, and the qualified substrate is obtained.

[0032] iii. Packaging of fungus bags and insertion of rods: A screw conveyor bagging machine, a 165mm×2000mm×0.045mm angle polypropylene bag, a 20-30mm adjustable depth notch forming mold, a 9mm diameter, 2000mm length food grade PP rod, a 21mm diameter, 20kg / m 3 sponge plug;

[0033] Sponge plug pretreatment: The sponge plug is soaked in 75% medical alcohol for 30 minutes, then drained and placed in a sterile tray for use.

[0034] Packaging operation: ① Start the bagging machine and set the stirring speed to 25r / min. Place the substrate into the angle polypropylene bag. ② After the loading is completed, use the notch forming mold to press a 25mm deep notch at the end of the bag opening. ③ Insert the PP rod along the center of the notch into the substrate, ensuring that the bottom of the rod is 35mm from the bottom of the fungus bag, the middle hole wall is 45mm from the bag wall, and the middle hole depth is 1800mm. ④ Take the sterilized sponge plug and insert it into the notch to complete the sealing, obtaining the sterilized fungus bag.

[0035] iv. Sterilization of mushroom bags: Arrange the mushroom bags to be sterilized neatly on the sterilization rack of the high-pressure steam sterilizer, leaving a 5cm gap between the bags to ensure steam circulation; turn off the sterilizer and set the sterilization parameters: 121℃, gauge pressure 0.115MPa, and hold for 135 minutes; after sterilization, turn off the heating device and allow the sterilizer to cool naturally until the pressure is 0MPa and the temperature drops to 30℃. Open the door, remove the mushroom bags, and transfer them to the cooling chamber for later use.

[0036] v. Inoculation: A sterile inoculation room was used, with UV lamps turned on one hour beforehand for sterilization. The temperature was controlled at 26℃ and humidity at 55% during inoculation. Liquid *Dictyophora indica* spawn was used, and the mycelial concentration was measured at 5 × 10⁻⁶. 7 Cells / mL, mycelial viability 96%;

[0037] Inoculation procedure: ① Operators wear sterile clothing and gloves, and disinfect their hands and spray gun with 75% alcohol; ② Remove the sponge plug from the spawn bag, and spray liquid spawn into the inner wall of the central hole and the opening with a sterile spray gun. The inoculation amount per bag is calculated as 5% of the total mass of the spawn bag; ③ After inoculation, observe the spawn adhesion to the wall, ensuring a adhesion depth of 15mm, then reinsert the sponge plug and transfer the bag to the incubation room.

[0038] vi. Mycelial Cultivation: Pre-test and adjust the temperature and humidity control equipment, setting the temperature to 23℃ and relative humidity to 65%. Turn on the CO2 detector to ensure the CO2 concentration is ≤0.3%. Install an axial flow fan and set the ventilation volume to 12m³ / h. 3 / h·m 2 Mycelium cultivation procedure: ① Stack the inoculated mushroom bags in layers on the cultivation rack, with a 30cm gap between each layer to avoid overcrowding; ② Ventilate once a day at 9:00, 14:00, and 18:00 for 45 minutes each time; keep the cultivation room dark with all light sources off; ③ Inspect every 3 days. On the 10th day, if green mold spots appear on the surface of 2 mushroom bags, remove them immediately and disinfect the surrounding environment with a chlorine-containing disinfectant spray; ④ On the 55th day of cultivation, randomly sample and observe. If the mycelium has fully grown on the mushroom bags and the surface is uniformly white and fluffy with no discolored spots, then qualified red-topped bamboo fungus mushroom sticks have been obtained.

[0039] Comparative example:

[0040] This example focuses on the key indicators of red-topped bamboo fungus spawn production and fruiting, comparing the actual application effects of the existing three-piece stamping bagging process with the spawn stick insertion process of this invention, as shown in the table below:

[0041]

[0042]

[0043]

[0044] From the above, the traditional process is due to the three-piece set too strong permeability, leading to the first third of the area of the bag of bacteria age in advance 1 / 3, the whole bag of bacteria age difference is significant; and the present application through the nest mouth plug stick structure and accurate parameter control, realize the whole bag of bacteria age difference is less than or equal to 3 days, and the bacteria daily average speed of eating material is stable, the overall full bag time is shortened to 50-60 days (compared with the traditional process of 80-100 days, shortened by 30-40 days), which lays a core foundation for the subsequent mushroom uniformity and yield stability; the present application significantly improves the yield and biological conversion rate of red bamboo bamboo, and through the optimization of the mushroom uniformity, the picking period is shortened to 25-30 days, and the interval between the second and third mushroom is compressed to 5-7 days, finally realizing the reduction of labor cost by more than 40%; that is, the nest mouth plug stick production process of the present application in the cultivation of red bamboo bamboo, fully overcomes the defects of the existing three-piece set punching type bagging process, and has significant advantages in the core dimensions of bacteria age consistency, yield, efficiency, cost and quality.

[0045] Importantly, it should be noted that the constructions and arrangements of the present application shown in the various exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art who review this disclosure will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the light of the teachings of this application without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages described in this application. Other alternatives, modifications, changes and equivalents of the exemplary embodiments can be made in the design, operation and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to a particular embodiment, but extends to various modifications that still fall within the scope of the appended claims.

[0046] It should be understood that, in the development of any actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions can be made. Such development efforts might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure, without undue experimentation.

[0047] It should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not limited, although the present application is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced equivalently without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application, which should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A process for the production of a nest opening stick fungus stick for Dictyophora rubrozonata, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1, taking bamboo chips 40%-50%, broadleaf wood chips 20%-30%, bran 15%-20%, corn flour 5%-8%, gypsum 1%-2%, and superphosphate 0.5%-1% by mass percentage, dry mixing for 10 minutes, then wet mixing for 15-20 minutes, the water content is controlled to be 60%-65%, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5, to obtain a substrate; S2, using a screw feeder bagging machine with a rotating speed of 20-30 r / min, the substrate obtained in step S1 is loaded into a polypropylene bag with a folding angle, a nest-shaped opening is pressed on the bag opening through a nest-shaped opening forming die, a food-grade PP rod is inserted, a middle-hole structure is formed, and a fungus bag is obtained; and the fungus bag after the nest-shaped opening is inserted is sealed by using a sponge plug; S3, the fungus bag obtained in step S2 is placed in a high-pressure steam sterilization pot, and is kept at 121℃, 0.11-0.12 MPa for 120-150 minutes, and is cooled to 25-30℃; S4, spray the hole and nest opening of the fungus bag after cooling in step S3 with red to bamboo fungus liquid culture at a concentration of 10 6 -10 8 mL, inoculation amount is 5%-8% of the total mass of the fungus bag, so that the liquid culture wall hanging depth is 14mm-17mm from the middle hole bottom to the nest opening, and then the sponge plug is plugged back in. S5, the fungus bag inoculated in step S4 is placed in a dark environment with a temperature of 22-25℃, a relative humidity of 60%-70%, and a CO2 concentration of ≤0.3%, and is ventilated 2-3 times a day, each time for 30-60 minutes, and is cultured for 50-60 days until the mycelium covers the fungus bag.

2. The production process of the nest-mouth stick fungus stick for Dictyophora rubrovolvata according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the bamboo chips and broadleaf wood chips are treated by sunning for 2-3 days, and the particle size is controlled to be 2-5 mm; the bran and corn flour are removed by a 40-mesh sieve.

3. The production process of the nest mouth stick fungus stick for Dictyophora rubrovolvata according to claim 1, wherein: The diameter of the bag body of the gusseted polypropylene bag is 158-170 mm, the bag height is 1900-2200 mm, and the compactness of the filled bag is 0.6-0.7 g / cm 3 The thickness of the gusseted polypropylene bag is 0.04-0.05 mm, the sponge plug is sterilized by soaking in 75% alcohol before use, the diameter of the sponge plug is 20-22 mm, and the density is 20 kg / m 3 .

4. The production process of the nest mouth stick fungus stick for Dictyophora rubrovolvata according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2, the depth of the nest-shaped opening is 20-30 mm; the diameter of the rod is 8-10 mm; and the depth of the middle hole is 16-1900 mm, the bottom of the middle hole is 35 mm away from the bottom of the fungus bag, and the wall of the middle hole is 45 mm away from the bag wall.

5. The production process of the nest mouth stick fungus stick for Dictyophora rubrovolvata according to claim 1, wherein: In step S4, the mycelial activity of the Dictyophora rubrovolvata liquid strain is ≥95%, and the environmental temperature for inoculation is controlled to be 25-28℃, and the humidity is ≤60%.

6. The production process of the nest mouth stick fungus stick for Dictyophora rubrovolvata according to claim 1, wherein: The step S5, during the bacteria, every 3 days inspection 1 times, remove the green or black mold, or have acid smell of contaminated bacteria bag, bacteria environment ventilation 10-15m 3 / h·m 2 , day and night temperature difference control in ≤2℃.

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