Fiber ring damage laser repair system and method based on gradient light spots and alternating pulses

Abstract

The invention provides a fiber ring damage laser repair system and method based on gradient light spots and alternating pulses, and belongs to the technical field of biomedical laser, and the system comprises a gradient light spot generation module which is configured to generate annular light spots with energy gradients; the alternating pulse module is configured to generate and output alternating short pulse laser and long pulse laser; the gradient light spot generation module and the alternating pulse module are integrated in the minimally invasive operation integration unit, and the minimally invasive operation integration unit is configured to adapt to a minimally invasive operation scene; the gradient light spot generation module and the alternate pulse module cooperate to achieve laser repair of fiber ring damage. Through the synergistic effect of the gradient light spot generation module, the alternate pulse module and the minimally invasive operation integration unit, layered precise repair of fiber ring damage is achieved, the repair effect is improved while tissue thermal damage is avoided, and the system is adaptive to minimally invasive operation scenes.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of biomedical laser technology, in particular to a fiber ring injury laser repair system and method based on gradient light spot and alternating pulse. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of biomedical laser technology, laser has gradually been applied to soft tissue repair scenarios due to its precise energy control characteristics, especially in the field of spinal surgery which requires minimally invasive intervention. The fiber ring of the human intervertebral disc is a multi-layer concentric ring structure, and the fiber arrangement has significant directional differences. The outer fibers are relatively perpendicular, and the closer to the center, the greater the inclination. This special structure puts forward strict requirements for the precise regulation of repair energy.

[0003] At present, there are various technical paths for the repair of fiber ring injury: traditional laser medical equipment (such as 1470nm ablation system) mainly focuses on the "cutting-hemostasis" function design, and uses single light spot and continuous or fixed pulse mode; mechanical suture closes the injury through physical means, but it needs to puncture the fiber ring tissue; radiofrequency coagulation technology relies on non-selective heat diffusion to achieve tissue coagulation. These technologies have certain applications in clinical practice, but there is still no exclusive repair scheme for the layered structure of the fiber ring.

[0004] However, the existing technology has obvious defects: first, the energy distribution of the light spot of the laser equipment is mostly single mode, which cannot adapt to the repair needs of the multi-layer structure of the fiber ring, and conflicts between surface tissue carbonization and insufficient deep repair are easy to occur; second, the pulse mode lacks coordinated design, and single short pulse or long pulse cannot meet the dual repair goals of instantaneous melting and deep cross-linking, and the heat affected zone control is not good; third, the existing equipment has low integration, and the laser module and the minimally invasive operation channel have poor adaptability, which makes it difficult to meet the precise intervention requirements under the spinal endoscope, and the problems of secondary damage of mechanical suture and non-selective heat diffusion of radiofrequency coagulation further limit the effect of fiber ring injury repair.

[0005] Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a system that can generate a ring-shaped light spot with an energy gradient, output alternating pulse laser, and integrate with the minimally invasive operation scene. SUMMARY

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a fiber ring injury laser repair system and method based on gradient light spot and alternating pulse, which realizes the layered and precise repair of fiber ring injury through the coordinated action of the gradient light spot generation module, the alternating pulse module and the minimally invasive operation integrated unit, avoids tissue thermal injury while improving the repair effect, and adapts to the minimally invasive operation scene.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present application provides the following scheme: A fiber ring injury laser repair system based on gradient light spot and alternating pulse, comprising: A gradient light spot generation module configured to generate a ring-shaped light spot with an energy gradient; An alternating pulse module configured to generate and output alternating short pulse laser and long pulse laser; A minimally invasive operation integrated unit internally integrated with the gradient light spot generation module and the alternating pulse module, and configured to adapt to a minimally invasive operation scene; the gradient light spot generation module and the alternating pulse module cooperate to realize laser repair of fiber ring injury.

[0008] Preferably, the gradient light spot generation module comprises a beam splitting element, an optical element and a focusing assembly, the beam splitting element is used for beam splitting, the optical element is used for beam shaping, and the focusing assembly is used for adjusting the light spot focus position.

[0009] Preferably, the beam splitting element is a coaxial beam splitter, the optical element is a diffractive optical element (DOE), and the focusing assembly comprises an electrically driven focusing lens group and a Z-axis linear module; The coaxial beam splitter divides the Gaussian beam output by the laser into a central beam and an outer ring beam, the diffractive optical element shapes the outer ring beam into at least two rings of ring-shaped light beams, and the electrically driven focusing lens group and the Z-axis linear module cooperate to adjust the light spot focus position.

[0010] Preferably, the ring-shaped light spot comprises a central light spot and at least two rings of outer ring-shaped light spots, the diameter of the central light spot is 30-50μm, and the diameters of the outer ring-shaped light spots are 70μm and 100μm respectively; the power density of the central light spot is 80-100W / cm 2 , and the power densities of the outer ring-shaped light spots gradually decrease from inside to outside to 10-20W / cm 2 , forming an inside-out temperature gradient; The focusing assembly adopts a negative focusing design, and controls the light spot focus to be located at 200μm below the surface of the fiber ring.

[0011] Preferably, the alternating pulse module comprises a first modulation unit, a second modulation unit and a coupling unit, the first modulation unit is used to generate short pulse laser, the second modulation unit is used to generate long pulse laser, and the coupling unit is used to couple and output the short pulse laser and long pulse laser.

[0012] Preferably, the first modulation unit is a Q-switch of a semiconductor laser, the second modulation unit is an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) of a fiber laser, and the coupling unit is a fiber combiner and a transmission optical fiber; The short pulse laser has a pulse width of 10-50 ns and a peak power of 1-2 kW; and the long pulse laser has a pulse width of 1-5 ms and an average power of 10-30 W.

[0013] Preferably, the short pulse laser and the long pulse laser are alternately output in a ratio of 1:3, and the total period of the alternating pulses is not greater than 10 ms. The alternating pulse module further comprises a water cooling channel, and the flow rate of the water cooling channel is 1.5 L / min, so as to inhibit the expansion of a heat affected zone.

[0014] Preferably, the minimally invasive operation integrated unit further comprises a laser head shell made of titanium alloy and having a wall thickness of 0.8 mm; a quick-release optical fiber probe is arranged at the front end of the laser head shell, the optical fiber probe has a diameter of 3 mm, is locked with a working channel of a spinal endoscope through a magnetic attraction structure, and is integrated with a sealing ring.

[0015] Preferably, the minimally invasive operation integrated unit further comprises an infrared temperature measurement sensor and a PID control module; the infrared temperature measurement sensor is 1 mm away from a light spot and has a sampling rate of 1 kHz; and the PID control module is configured to adjust the laser power output according to the monitoring data of the infrared temperature measurement sensor, so as to ensure that the temperature of the tissue is not greater than 60 DEG C. The minimally invasive operation integrated unit further comprises an argon gas nozzle, and the argon gas nozzle has a coaxial double-layer structure, wherein the inner layer has a diameter of 0.2 mm, and the outer layer has a diameter of 0.5 mm.

[0016] The application further provides a use method of the above-mentioned fiber ring injury laser repair system based on gradient light spots and alternating pulses, which comprises the following steps: S1, assembling, parameter calibration and safety inspection are performed on the fiber ring injury laser repair system, the minimally invasive operation integrated unit is adaptively connected with a minimally invasive interventional device, and it is ensured that the gradient light spot generation module and the alternating pulse module are in a standby state. S2, the operation end of the minimally invasive operation integrated unit which is adaptively connected is guided to a fiber ring injury site, the gradient light spot generation module is started to generate a ring-shaped light spot with an energy gradient, and the alternating pulse module is started to output alternating short pulse laser and long pulse laser, so that the ring-shaped light spot and the alternating pulse laser act on the injury area cooperatively. S3, in the repair process, the temperature parameters of the injury area are acquired in real time by the infrared temperature measurement sensor of the minimally invasive operation integrated unit, the power density of the gradient light spot generation module and the pulse output parameters of the alternating pulse module are adjusted by the PID control module according to the temperature parameters, and the fiber ring injury repair is completed.

[0017] According to the specific embodiments of the application, the following technical effects are achieved. (1) The application generates an annular light spot with energy gradient through the gradient light spot generation module, the high power density in the central area realizes the instantaneous melting of the surface collagen fiber, and the gradually decreasing power density in the outer layer forms a temperature gradient, effectively avoiding the tissue carbonization and deep thermal damage caused by local high temperature, adapting to the repair needs of the multi-layer collagen structure of the annular fiber, and realizing layered and accurate repair.

[0018] (2) The application solves the problems of melting and cross-linking synergy and heat accumulation by the synergistic effect of short pulses and long pulses output by the alternating pulse module, the short pulses instantaneously melt the surface layer to close the break, the long pulses continuously promote the cross-linking of deep collagen to enhance the repair strength, and the heat affected zone is strictly controlled within 50pm by controlling the pulse period and water cooling design, improving the effectiveness and safety of the repair.

[0019] (3) The minimally invasive operation integrated unit provided by the application integrates each module in the titanium alloy shell, cooperates with the quick release type optical fiber probe and the endoscope, combines real-time infrared temperature measurement and PID control, realizes dynamic regulation and control of temperature while meeting the requirements of minimally invasive intervention, reduces the risk of postoperative recurrence, and provides an efficient, accurate and low damage solution for annular fiber damage repair. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a module schematic diagram of the annular fiber damage laser repair system based on gradient light spot and alternating pulse provided by the application. Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the gradient light spot generation module provided by the embodiment of the application. Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the alternating pulse module provided by the embodiment of the application. Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the minimally invasive operation integrated unit provided by the embodiment of the application. Figure 5 It is a flow chart of the use method of the annular fiber damage laser repair system based on gradient light spot and alternating pulse provided by the application.

[0022] Explanation of reference signs: 1. Gradient spot generation module; 11. Coaxial beam splitter; 12. Diffractive optical element (DOE); 13. Motorized focusing lens group; 14. Z-axis linear module; 2. Alternating pulse module; 21. First modulation unit; 22. Second modulation unit; 23. Coupling unit; 24. Water cooling channel; 3. Minimally invasive operation integrated unit; 31. Laser head housing; 32. Fiber optic probe; 33. Infrared temperature sensor; 34. PID control module; 35. Argon nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] Example like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a laser repair system for annulus fibrosus damage based on gradient spot and alternating pulses. The system consists of a gradient spot generation module 1, an alternating pulse module 2, and a minimally invasive operation integrated unit 3. The gradient spot generation module 1 and the alternating pulse module 2 are integrated inside the minimally invasive operation integrated unit 3, and achieve precise repair of annulus fibrosus damage through synergistic action. The specific structure and working principle of each module are as follows: Reference Figure 2 The gradient spot generation module 1 includes a beam splitter, an optical element, and a focusing assembly. The beam splitter is used for beam splitting, the optical element is used for beam shaping, and the focusing assembly is used for adjusting the focal point position of the spot. Specifically, it includes a coaxial beam splitter 11, a diffractive optical element (DOE) 12, and a focusing assembly, which consists of an electrically adjustable focusing lens group 13 and a Z-axis linear module 14.

[0026] In operation, the Gaussian beam outputted by the laser is first adjusted to a beam diameter of 4-6 mm by the collimator, and then enters the coaxial beam splitter 11 to be divided into a central beam and an outer ring beam; the outer ring beam enters the two-stage diffractive optical element DOE 12, and after being shaped, forms two rings of annular beams with diameters of 70 μm and 100 μm, which are coaxially superimposed with the central beam with a diameter of 30-50 μm to form a three-layer gradient annular light spot. The electrically adjustable focusing lens group 13 cooperates with the Z-axis linear module 14 to control the focal point of the light spot at 200 μm below the surface of the annular fiber, realizing a negative defocus design, which can enhance the conduction efficiency of laser energy in the deep tissue and avoid excessive concentration of energy on the surface layer. At the same time, the module controls the power density gradient, i.e., the central part is 80-100 W / cm 2 , and the outer layer gradually decreases to 10-20 W / cm 2 , forming a temperature gradient from inside to outside, i.e., the central part is 50-60℃, and the outer layer is 40-45℃, which not only ensures the instantaneous melting of the collagen fibers on the surface layer to close the damage gap, but also avoids carbonization or nerve damage of the outer layer tissue caused by high temperature, and accurately adapts to the repair needs of the multi-layer collagen structure of the annular fiber.

[0027] As shown in Figure 3 , the alternating pulse module 2 includes a first modulation unit 21, a second modulation unit 22, a coupling unit 23, and a water cooling channel 24. The first modulation unit 21 adopts a Q-switch of a semiconductor laser to generate short pulse laser with a pulse width of 10-50 ns and a peak power of 1-2 kW, which can instantaneously break the molecular bonds of the collagen fibers on the surface layer to realize rapid closure of the gap; the second modulation unit 22 adopts an acousto-optic modulator AOM of a fiber laser to generate long pulse laser with a pulse width of 1-5 ms and an average power of 10-30 W, which promotes the cross-linking reaction of the deep collagen fibers through sustained thermal effect to enhance the mechanical strength of the repair area. After the short pulse and the long pulse are coupled through the fiber combiner of the coupling unit 23 and the transmission optical fiber with a core diameter of 50 μm, they are alternately outputted in a ratio of 1:3, and the total cycle is controlled within 10 ms. This alternating mode can avoid heat accumulation while realizing the synergistic repair of surface melting and deep cross-linking. In addition, the water cooling channel 24 with a flow rate of 1.5 L / min built in the alternating pulse module 2 is connected with the laser head through a copper pipe, which can control the working temperature of the alternating pulse module 2 below 60℃, and cooperates with the pulse cycle design to strictly limit the heat affected zone within 50 μm, effectively protecting the surrounding nerve tissue.

[0028] As shown in Figure 4As shown, the laser head shell 31 of the minimally invasive operation integrated unit 3 is made of titanium alloy material with a wall thickness of 0.8 mm, which not only meets the strength requirement but also realizes lightweight design. Inside the laser head shell 31, the optical path assembly of the gradient light spot generation module 1, i.e., the coaxial beam splitter 11, the diffractive optical element DOE 12, and the electrically adjustable focusing lens group 13, the coupling unit 23 of the alternating pulse module 2, the infrared temperature sensor 33, and the argon gas nozzle 35 are integrated in sequence. The front end of the laser head shell 31 is configured with a quick-release optical fiber probe 32 with a diameter of 3 mm, which is locked with the working channel of the endoscope through a magnetic attraction structure, and cooperates with a pressure-resistant sealing ring with a pressure of 0.3 MPa to prevent body fluid from seeping in and ensure the stability of the minimally invasive intervention. The infrared temperature sensor 33 is installed 1 mm away from the light spot to monitor the tissue temperature in real time at a sampling rate of 1 kHz, and transmit the data to the PID control module 34. The proportional coefficient of the PID control module 34 is 0.8, and the integral time is 0.1 s. When the detected tissue temperature approaches 60°C, the PID control module 34 automatically reduces the laser power by 10-20%, realizing closed-loop control of the temperature. K p T i When the detected tissue temperature approaches 60°C, the PID control module 34 automatically reduces the laser power by 10-20%, realizing closed-loop control of the temperature. The argon gas nozzle 35 adopts a coaxial double-layer structure, with an inner layer diameter of 0.2 mm and an outer layer diameter of 0.5 mm. The inner layer sprays argon gas around the light spot at a flow rate of 0.5 L / min to isolate air and inhibit tissue oxidation. The outer layer forms a negative pressure zone to suck the plasma residue, which improves the oxidation inhibition efficiency by 40%, further ensuring the repair quality.

[0029] According to the above description, the use method of the system is as shown in Figure 5 , including the following steps: S1, assemble, parameter calibration and safety check the annulus damage laser repair system, adaptively connect the minimally invasive operation integrated unit and the minimally invasive intervention device, and ensure that the gradient light spot generation module and the alternating pulse module are in a standby state; S2, guide the operation end of the minimally invasive operation integrated unit to the annulus damage site after the adaptation is completed, start the gradient light spot generation module to generate an annular light spot with energy gradient, and start the alternating pulse module to output alternating short pulse laser and long pulse laser, so that the annular light spot and the alternating pulse laser act on the damage area; S3, in the repair process, the temperature parameters of the damage area are obtained in real time by the infrared temperature sensor of the minimally invasive operation integrated unit, and the PID control module adjusts the power density of the gradient light spot generation module and the pulse output parameters of the alternating pulse module according to the temperature parameters, until the annulus damage repair is completed.

[0030] ​The process of repairing the annulus fibrosus injury is as follows: before the operation, the operator assembles and calibrates the system, generates three-layer annular light spots through the gradient light spot generation module 1, sets the pulse parameters of the alternating pulse module 2, that is, sets the short pulse 10-50 ns, the long pulse 1-5 ms, the alternating ratio 1:3, and adapts the optical fiber probe 32 to the endoscope, and checks the flow rate of the argon nozzle 35 and the state of the water cooling channel 24 at the same time, to ensure that the equipment is in a standby state; during the operation, the optical fiber probe 32 is guided to the annulus fibrosus injury site through the endoscope, the gradient light spot generation module 1 and the alternating pulse module 2 are started, and the three-layer gradient light spot and the alternating pulse cooperate to act on the injury area--the short pulse instantaneously melts the surface collagen fibers to close the break, and the long pulse promotes the deep collagen cross-linking to enhance the repair strength, during which the infrared temperature sensor 33 monitors the temperature in real time, and the PID control module 34 dynamically adjusts the power; during the repair process, according to the layered structure of the annulus fibrosus (water content 60-70%), the focal point position is fine-tuned through the Z-axis linear module 14 to ensure the stability of deep heat conduction, until the injury area is completely closed.

[0031] Therefore, by using the above-mentioned annulus fibrosus injury laser repair system and method based on gradient light spots and alternating pulses, through the cooperation of the gradient light spot generation module, the alternating pulse module and the minimally invasive operation integrated unit, the layered and accurate repair of the annulus fibrosus injury is realized, the repair effect is improved while avoiding tissue thermal damage, and the minimally invasive operation scene is adapted.

[0032] In this paper, specific examples are applied to explain the principles and implementation modes of the present application, and the above examples are only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present application; at the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, the specific implementation mode and application range will be changed. In summary, the content of the specification should not be understood as a limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. A laser repair system for annular fibrous ring injury based on gradient spot and alternating pulse, characterized in that, The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury.

2. The laser system for repairing the injured annulus fibrosus based on the gradient light spot and the alternating pulse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury.

3. The laser system of claim 2, wherein the laser system is configured to deliver the first and second laser pulses to the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc of the patient. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury.

4. The laser system of claim 3, wherein the laser system is configured to deliver the first and second laser pulses to the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc of the patient. The annular light spot comprises a central light spot and at least two outer annular light spots, the diameter of the central light spot is 30-50 μm, the diameters of the outer annular light spots are 70 μm and 100 μm respectively; the power density of the central light spot is 80-100 W / cm 2 , the power densities of the outer annular light spots gradually decrease from inside to outside to 10-20 W / cm 2 , forming a temperature gradient from inside to outside. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury.

5. The laser system of claim 1, wherein the laser system is configured to deliver the laser pulses to the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc in a manner that causes the annulus fibrosus to be heated to a temperature of about 60 °C to about 80 °C. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury.

6. The laser system for repairing the injured annulus fibrosus based on the gradient light spot and the alternating pulse according to claim 5, characterized in that, The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury.

7. The laser system of claim 6, wherein the laser system is configured to deliver the first and second laser pulses to the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc of the patient. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury.

8. The laser system of claim 1, wherein the laser system is configured to deliver the laser pulses to the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc in a manner that causes the annulus fibrosus to be heated to a temperature of about 60 °C to about 80 °C. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury.

9. The laser system of claim 8, wherein the laser system is configured to deliver the first and second laser pulses to the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc of the patient. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury.

10. A method of using the laser system for annulus damage repair based on gradient spot and alternating pulses according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury. The application relates to a laser device for repairing a fibrous ring injury. 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The application relates to a laser device for S1, assemble, parameter calibration and safety inspection of the annulus fibrosus injury laser repair system, integrate the minimally invasive operation unit with the minimally invasive interventional device, and ensure that the gradient light spot generation module and the alternate pulse module are in a standby state; S2, the operation end of the integrated minimally invasive operation unit is guided to the annulus fibrosus injury site, the gradient light spot generation module is started to generate an annular light spot with energy gradient, and the alternate pulse module is started to output alternating short pulse laser and long pulse laser, so that the annular light spot and the alternating pulse laser act on the injury area; S3, in the repair process, the temperature parameters of the injury area are obtained in real time by the infrared temperature sensor of the minimally invasive operation integrated unit, the PID control module adjusts the power density of the gradient light spot generation module and the pulse output parameters of the alternate pulse module according to the temperature parameters, until the annulus fibrosus injury repair is completed.

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