Method for recycling metal framework in metal-rubber composite shock absorber through vacuum heat treatment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of recycling and remanufacturing of rail transit metal rubber shock absorbers, in particular to a method for recycling a metal framework in a metal rubber composite shock absorber through vacuum heat treatment, which comprises the following steps: S1, placing the metal rubber composite shock absorber on a heat treatment tool and carrying out vacuum heat treatment in a vacuum furnace, stripping the rubber part from the metal part to obtain a metal framework comprising the residual rubber; s2, the metal framework is placed on a polishing tool, the polishing tool is rotated, and in the rotating process, soft wires are adopted to make contact with the metal framework so as to clean residual rubber on the metal framework; s3, the metal framework is subjected to surface rust removal treatment; and S4, detecting metal properties, chemical components, mechanical properties and surface damage of the metal framework. The vacuum heat treatment method in the scheme can save the cost and improve the recovery rate, is simple and easy to operate through soft wire glue removal, and has small damage to the surface of the recovered metal framework.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of recycling and remanufacturing of rail transit metal-rubber damping devices, and particularly provides a method for recycling metal framework in a metal-rubber composite damping device through vacuum heat treatment. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of rail transit, the bogie of a vehicle body includes a composite damping device vulcanized by metal-rubber, which provides flexible support for the operation of a locomotive, provides damping performance for the vehicle body, and improves the use performance of the vehicle body and the riding comfort of passengers. Common metal-rubber damping devices for rail transit currently include conical springs, rubber spherical hinges, rubber nodes, rubber rods, etc. These metal-rubber composite devices are usually connected by vulcanization of metal parts and rubber parts, and the high elasticity and strength of the rubber parts are used to provide support and stiffness.

[0003] In actual application, the metal-rubber vulcanized body is a consumable part, and it often needs to be replaced as a whole after a long time of operation. In the metal-rubber vulcanized body, the aging, failure and damage are generally the rubber body part, and the metal part still has the value of recycling and remanufacturing. Recycling of the metal framework of the metal-rubber composite damping device is of great significance to environmental protection, material reuse, resource conservation and technological innovation.

[0004] In the prior art, common methods for recycling the metal framework include: 1) electromagnetic induction heating method, specifically using an electromagnetic induction heating device to heat the metal component in the metal-rubber composite product to a specific temperature, so that the adhesive between the metal component and the rubber component fails, thereby realizing the non-destructive separation of the rubber component from the metal component; 2) pyrolysis method, specifically placing the metal-rubber composite product in a reaction kettle, heating at the bottom of the reaction kettle, and after the rubber part is gasified, it is condensed into fuel oil by a condenser and discharged, and after the reaction is completed, the metal component is taken out and the surface attached carbon particles are removed; 3) mechanical separation method, specifically separating the metal framework from the rubber part by hand or mechanical tools; 4) incineration method, specifically according to the properties that rubber is combustible and metal is non-combustible, the composite product is incinerated, and the metal component is taken out from the residual ash; 5) solvent dissolution method, specifically using a specific solvent to dissolve the rubber part.

[0005] The above methods in the prior art can realize the separation of metal and rubber in the metal-rubber composite damping device, but have problems of low efficiency, high cost and low recovery rate. Moreover, for the separated metal-rubber parts, the surface residue of the metal parts needs to be thoroughly cleaned before the surface roughness requirement is restored. The above prior art may have the problem of greater damage to the surface of the metal parts during residue cleaning, which is also not conducive to subsequent recycling and production.

[0006] In summary, how to design a kind of metal and rubber body can be economically efficient and peel off, ensure the quality of metal skeleton of the method for recycling metal rubber composite damping body metal skeleton, it is the problem that urgently needs to be solved at present. SUMMARY

[0007] The present application provides a kind of vacuum heat treatment recycling metal rubber composite damper metal skeleton method, can solve the problems of high recovery cost, low recovery efficiency, incomplete glue removal in prior art.

[0008] The present application provides a kind of vacuum heat treatment recycling metal rubber composite damper metal skeleton method, comprising the following steps: S1: the metal rubber composite damper is placed on the heat treatment tool and is subjected to vacuum heat treatment in vacuum furnace, so that rubber piece and metal piece are peeled off, and metal skeleton including rubber residual glue is obtained; S2: the metal skeleton is placed on the polishing tool, the polishing tool is rotated, and the rubber residual glue on the metal skeleton is cleaned by using soft wire contact during rotation; S3: the metal skeleton is subjected to surface rust removal treatment; S4: the metal property, chemical composition, mechanical property and surface damage of the metal skeleton are detected.

[0009] Further, the heat treatment tool in S1 is a heat treatment box placed in the vacuum furnace as a whole, and the heat treatment box includes at least two heat treatment layers, and the height of each heat treatment layer is not less than the height of the metal rubber composite damper to be treated.

[0010] Further, the side wall of the heat treatment box is provided with a sliding groove, and the heat treatment box includes a partition plate slidingly arranged in the sliding groove, and adjacent heat treatment layers are separated by the partition plate.

[0011] Further, the heat treatment tool in S1 is a heat treatment frame placed in the vacuum furnace as a whole, and the metal rubber composite damper to be treated is hung on the heat treatment frame.

[0012] Further, the heat treatment frame includes a lower support, an upper support connected to the upper end of the lower support, and a plurality of object supports uniformly distributed on the upper support, the object supports are vertically arranged with the upper support, and the metal rubber composite damper to be treated is hung on the object supports.

[0013] Further, the object supports include a plurality of object supports uniformly distributed on the upper support, and the middle part of the object supports is connected with the upper support;The two ends of the object support include anti-drop rods, and the anti-drop rods are inclined from inside to outside towards the upper.

[0014] Further, the polishing tool in step S2 comprises a base and a central shaft, a plurality of sliding grooves are evenly arranged on the base in the circumferential direction and are referenced to the central shaft, a clamping table capable of sliding towards or away from the central shaft is arranged in the sliding groove, and the clamping table and the central shaft extend to the outside of the base.

[0015] Further, the central shaft is a solid shaft and extends to the side of the clamping table away from the base, or the central shaft is a hollow shaft and an outer end surface of the central shaft away from the base is arranged close to the clamping table.

[0016] Further, the heating time in the vacuum furnace is 180-360 min, and the heating temperature is 160-400 DEG C.

[0017] Further, when the metal rubber composite damper is subjected to vacuum heat treatment in S1, a test bar is simultaneously placed in the vacuum furnace for vacuum heat treatment, the material and parameters of the test bar are consistent with those of the metal framework in the metal rubber composite damper to be treated, and in S4, the test bar is detected, and the performance of the recovered metal framework is obtained through the mechanical properties of the test bar.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the application can achieve the following beneficial effects: 1. The metal framework recovery method in the scheme can remove oil stains on the metal surface, protect the metal from damage to the greatest extent, ensure the separation of rubber and metal, and has low recovery cost.

[0019] 2. The heat treatment tool in the scheme has strong universality and can perform vacuum heating on metal rubber composite dampers of different shapes and specifications; meanwhile, the soft wire glue removal scheme is convenient to operate, has low cost, and has high glue removal efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of the heat treatment tool according to the embodiment one of the application; Figure 2 is a structural schematic view of the polishing tool according to the embodiment one of the application; Figure 3 is a structural schematic view of the metal rubber composite damper to be recovered in the embodiment one of the application; Figure 4 is a structural schematic view of the test bar according to the embodiment one of the application; Figure 5 is a structural schematic view of the damaged test bar after testing according to the embodiment one of the application; Figure 6 is a structural schematic view of the damaged test bar after testing according to the embodiment one of the application; Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat treatment fixture provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding fixture provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the metal-rubber composite vibration damper to be recycled according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0021] The reference numerals in the attached drawings include: heat treatment box 1, heat treatment layer 2, chute 3, partition 4, soft wire 5, lower support 6, upper support 7, storage bracket 8, anti-detachment rod 9, base 10, central shaft 11, locking platform 12, limiting step 13, test bar 14, rubber body 15, metal mandrel 16, metal jacket 17, metal flat square 18, central hole 19, metal spacer 20. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the following description is provided in conjunction with the appendix. Figures 1-9 The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute a limitation thereof. Example 1

[0023] This implementation example Figures 1 to 6 As shown, a method for vacuum heat treatment to recycle the metal frame in a metal-rubber composite vibration damper includes the following steps: S1: The metal-rubber composite vibration damper is placed on a heat treatment fixture and subjected to vacuum heat treatment in a vacuum furnace, so that the rubber part and the metal part are separated, resulting in a metal skeleton including rubber residue.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the heat treatment fixture in this embodiment is a heat treatment box 1. During the treatment process, the heat treatment box 1 is placed entirely in a vacuum furnace. The heat treatment box 1 includes at least two heat treatment layers 2. The height of each heat treatment layer 2 is not less than the height of the metal-rubber composite vibration damper to be treated. A sliding groove 3 is provided on the side wall of the heat treatment box 1. The heat treatment box 1 includes a partition 4 that is slidably disposed in the sliding groove 3. Adjacent heat treatment layers 2 are separated by the partition 4. This embodiment shows a heat treatment box 1 including one partition 4, i.e., two heat treatment layers 2. The metal-rubber composite vibration damper to be treated can be placed in each heat treatment layer 2. Those skilled in the art can also set more partitions 4 and more heat treatment layers 2 according to the actual situation.

[0025] like Figure 3As shown, the metal-rubber composite damper to be processed in the embodiment includes a metal outer sleeve 17, a metal core shaft 16, a metal spacer sleeve 20, and a rubber body 15, the metal outer sleeve 17, the metal core shaft 16, and the metal spacer sleeve 20 being metal frameworks, and in S1, after vacuum heating, the metal outer sleeve 17, the metal core shaft 16, and the metal spacer sleeve 20 are separated from the rubber body 15, and then the metal frameworks are recycled through the following steps. The heating time in the vacuum furnace is 180-360 min, and the heating temperature is 160-400℃.

[0026] When the metal-rubber composite damper is subjected to vacuum heat treatment, the test bar 14 shown in S1 is placed in the vacuum furnace for vacuum heat treatment, the material and parameters of the test bar 14 are consistent with the metal frameworks of the metal-rubber composite damper to be processed, the test bar 14 is placed on the metal-rubber composite damper to be processed, so that the test bar 14 is consistent with the product state, performance, high temperature experienced, and metal environment of the metal-rubber composite damper in the vacuum furnace. Figure 4

[0027] S2: The metal frameworks are placed on a polishing tool, the polishing tool is rotated, and the metal frameworks are cleaned of rubber residues by using the soft wire 5 to contact the metal frameworks during rotation. In the embodiment, the metal core shaft 16 is taken as an example, as shown in S2, the polishing tool includes a base 10 and a central shaft 11, a plurality of sliding grooves are uniformly formed on the base 10 in the circumferential direction with the central shaft 11 as a reference, a clamping table 12 that can slide towards or away from the central shaft 11 is arranged in each sliding groove, the clamping table 12 and the central shaft 11 extend to the outside of the base 10, a limiting step 13 is sequentially arranged on the clamping table 12 from the inside to the outside, the height of the limiting step 13 gradually increases from the base 10 to the side away from the base 10, so as to improve the versatility and clamp metal core shafts 16 of different specifications. Figure 2

[0028] In the embodiment, the central shaft 11 is a solid shaft and extends to the side of the clamping table 12 away from the base 10. In use, the metal core shaft 16 is sleeved on the central shaft 11 and is limited on the limiting step 13, the polishing tool is rotated to drive the metal core shaft 16 to rotate at a high speed, at this time, the soft wire 5 is close to the surface of the metal core shaft 16, and the metal frameworks are cleaned of rubber residues by using the soft wire 5 to contact the metal frameworks.

[0029] S3: The metal frameworks are subjected to surface rust removal treatment by applying rust-proof oil.

[0030] S4: The metallic properties, chemical composition, mechanical properties, and surface damage of the metal frameworks are detected. In S4, the test bar 14 can be detected, and the performance of the recycled metal frameworks is obtained through the mechanical properties of the test bar 14, as shown in S4. Figure 5 Figure 6 ​​​The diagram shows the structure of the damaged test bar 14 after testing. The mechanical properties of the metal skeleton can be fed back through the tested test bar 14. If the test bar 14 is damaged, it indicates that the processed metal skeleton is unqualified. If the test bar 14 is not damaged after testing, it indicates that the processed metal skeleton is qualified. Example

[0031] This implementation example Figures 7 to 9 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that, as Figure 7 As shown, the heat treatment fixture is a heat treatment rack, which is placed entirely inside a vacuum furnace. The metal-rubber composite vibration damper to be treated is suspended on the heat treatment rack. Figure 9 As shown, the metal-rubber composite vibration damper in this embodiment includes a metal mandrel 16, a metal outer sleeve 17, and a metal flat strip 18. The flat strip includes a central hole 19. During vacuum heat treatment, the metal-rubber composite vibration damper is suspended on the heat treatment rack through the central hole 19.

[0032] The heat treatment rack includes a lower support 6, an upper support 7 connected to the upper end of the lower support 6, and a storage rack 8 evenly distributed on the upper support 7. The storage rack 8 is vertically arranged with the upper support 7. The metal-rubber composite vibration damper to be treated is suspended on the storage rack 8. The storage rack 8 includes multiple storage racks evenly distributed on the upper support 7. The middle part of the storage rack 8 is connected to the upper support 7. Both ends of the storage rack 8 include anti-detachment rods 9. The anti-detachment rods 9 are inclined upward from the inside out. The anti-detachment rods 9 can prevent the metal-rubber composite vibration damper from falling off the upper support 7.

[0033] In this embodiment, the metal mandrel 11 of the grinding fixture is a hollow shaft structure. The outer end face of the central shaft 11 away from the base 10 is set close to the mounting platform 12. When in use, the metal flat bar 18 is inserted through the central shaft 11, and the metal mandrel 16 is limited on the limiting step 13. The grinding fixture is rotated, and the metal mandrel 16 is driven to rotate at high speed. At this time, the soft wire 5 is brought close to the surface of the metal mandrel 16, and the soft wire 5 contacts the metal frame to clean the rubber residue on the metal frame.

[0034] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

[0035] The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made in accordance with the technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for recovering a metal skeleton in a metal rubber composite damper by vacuum heat treatment, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1: placing the metal-rubber composite damper on a heat treatment tool in a vacuum furnace for vacuum heat treatment, so that the rubber part and the metal part are separated, and a metal framework including rubber residues is obtained; S2: placing the metal framework on a polishing tool, rotating the polishing tool, and using a soft wire (5) to contact the metal framework to clean the rubber residues on the metal framework during rotation; S3: performing surface rust removal treatment on the metal framework; S4: detecting the metal properties, chemical composition, mechanical properties, and surface damage of the metal framework.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the vacuum heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 300 to 400°C for 1 to 3 hours. The heat treatment tool in S1 is a heat treatment box (1) placed in the vacuum furnace as a whole, and the heat treatment box (1) comprises at least two heat treatment layers (2), and the height of each heat treatment layer (2) is not less than the height of the metal-rubber composite damper to be treated.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the vacuum heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 300 to 400°C for 1 to 3 hours. A sliding groove (3) is formed in the side wall of the heat treatment box (1), and the heat treatment box (1) comprises a partition plate (4) slidingly arranged in the sliding groove (3), and adjacent heat treatment layers (2) are separated by the partition plate (4).

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the vacuum heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 300 to 400°C for 1 to 3 hours. The heat treatment tool in S1 is a heat treatment frame placed in the vacuum furnace as a whole, and the metal-rubber composite damper to be treated is hung on the heat treatment frame.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the vacuum heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 300 to 400°C for 1 to 3 hours. The heat treatment frame comprises a lower support (6), an upper support (7) connected to the upper end of the lower support (6), and a plurality of object supports (8) uniformly distributed on the upper support (7), the object supports (8) are vertically arranged with the upper support (7), and the metal-rubber composite damper to be treated is hung on the object supports (8).

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the vacuum heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 300 to 400°C for 1 to 3 hours. The object supports (8) comprise a plurality of object supports (8) uniformly distributed on the upper support (7), the middle part of the object support (8) is connected with the upper support (7); the two ends of the object support (8) comprise anti-falling rods (9), and the anti-falling rods (9) are inclined upward from inside to outside.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the vacuum heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 300 to 400°C for 1 to 3 hours. The polishing tool in step S2 comprises a base (10) and a central shaft (11), a plurality of sliding grooves are uniformly formed on the base (10) along the circumference with the central shaft (11) as the reference, a clamping table (12) which can slide towards or away from the central shaft (11) is arranged in the sliding groove, and the clamping table (12) and the central shaft (11) extend to the outside of the base (10); a limiting step (13) is sequentially arranged on the clamping table (12) from inside to outside, and the height of the limiting step (13) gradually increases from the base (10) to the side away from the base (10).

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the vacuum heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 300 to 400°C for 1 to 3 hours. The central shaft (11) is a solid shaft and extends to the side of the clamping table (12) away from the base (10); or the central shaft (11) is a hollow shaft, and the outer end face of the central shaft (11) away from the base (10) is arranged close to the clamping table (12).

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the vacuum heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 300 to 400°C for 1 to 3 hours. The heating time in the vacuum furnace is 180-360 min, and the heating temperature is 160-400℃.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the vacuum heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 300 to 400°C for 1 to 3 hours. In S1, the metal-rubber composite damper is subjected to vacuum heat treatment, and a test bar (14) is simultaneously placed in the vacuum furnace for vacuum heat treatment, the material and parameters of the test bar (14) are consistent with those of the metal framework in the metal-rubber composite damper to be treated; in S4, the test bar (14) is detected, and the performance of the recovered metal framework is obtained through the mechanical properties of the test bar (14).

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