Intelligent detection method and system for electric leakage switch
By comprehensively testing the mechanical and electronic performance of the residual current device (RCD) and combining it with segmented circuit analysis, the problems of the singleness and inaccurate positioning of traditional testing methods are solved, and efficient and accurate fault detection of RCDs is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511119968.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-07
AI Technical Summary
Traditional leakage current switch detection methods are limited, cannot comprehensively test mechanical performance, and are inaccurate in fault location, wasting time and manpower.
By disconnecting all loads and power supplies from the leakage current switch circuit, the closing capability is tested; insulation resistance and residual current are measured in sections, current changes are dynamically monitored, and combined with mechanical and electronic component testing, faulty equipment is identified.
It enables comprehensive testing of leakage current switch performance, accurately locates faulty sections and equipment, improves testing efficiency and accuracy, and reduces maintenance time and costs.
Smart Images
Figure QLYQS_1
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of leakage switch detection, in particular to a leakage switch intelligent detection method and system. BACKGROUND
[0002] In the field of electrical safety, leakage switches are key devices to ensure the safe operation of circuits and prevent electric shock accidents. The reliability and stability of their performance are crucial. However, current detection methods for leakage switches have many limitations.
[0003] Traditional detection methods are often single, usually only testing a single function of the leakage switch, such as pressing the test button to verify whether the leakage switch can trip to determine whether its electronic components are working properly. However, this method cannot comprehensively detect the mechanical performance of the leakage switch, and it is difficult to accurately find and locate problems for some leakage switches that cannot normally close due to mechanical failure.
[0004] Moreover, when detecting circuit faults, traditional methods lack systematicness and precision. After the leakage switch trips, determining the fault location often relies on experience and extensive investigation, which not only consumes a lot of time and manpower, but also may leave safety hazards due to incomplete investigation. SUMMARY
[0005] To solve the technical problems in the background art, the present application provides a leakage switch intelligent detection method and system.
[0006] A leakage switch intelligent detection method, comprising the following steps: S1, disconnecting all loads and power sources of the circuit where the leakage switch is located, detecting the closing ability of the leakage switch, if the leakage switch cannot close, it is determined as a mechanical failure of the leakage switch; if the leakage switch can close, power on the circuit where the leakage switch is located, and press the test button to verify the function of its electronic components, if the leakage switch does not trip, it is determined as a failure of the electronic components of the leakage switch; if the leakage switch can trip, measure the insulation resistance of the circuit in sections, and locate the section where the insulation resistance is lower than the set insulation resistance threshold; S2, detecting the residual current in the section, if there is residual current exceeding the rated action value in multiple detection cycles, the section line or equipment is faulty; if there is no residual current exceeding the rated action value in multiple detection cycles, analyze the trend of the residual current, if the residual current continues to rise in multiple detection cycles, the section line or equipment is faulty; S3, connecting one load and power source of the circuit where the leakage switch is located, dynamically monitoring the current change, and locking the faulty equipment that causes the trip.
[0007] The calculation method of the insulation resistance threshold value is: According to the leakage switch nameplate, the rated working voltage and the rated working current of the leakage switch are obtained, and the insulation resistance threshold value is calculated: , Wherein, is the insulation resistance threshold value, V and I are the rated working voltage and the rated working current of the leakage switch, K is the mechanical state coefficient, is the aging rate coefficient.
[0008] If the residual current exceeds the rated action value in multiple detection periods, the section line or equipment is faulty, specifically: The detection period is set according to the position of the leakage switch. When the leakage switch is in the branch user circuit, the detection period is the reference period T; when the leakage switch is in the branch user circuit with variable frequency load, the detection period is 0.1T; when the leakage switch is in the branch node, the detection period is 0.5T; The current values corresponding to the maximum residual current harmonics in multiple detection periods are sorted from large to small. If there are 10 current values exceeding the rated action value in multiple detection periods, the section line or equipment is subject to leakage.
[0009] The multiple detection periods are three consecutive detection periods.
[0010] In S3, the current change is dynamically monitored, and the fault equipment causing tripping is locked, specifically: each time a load is connected, the first load current sampling is performed 200ms after the load is connected, and subsequent sampling is performed every 50ms until the load current is stable. If the load current exceeds the rated current of the load, the load is faulty.
[0011] If the residual current continuously rises in multiple detection periods, the section line or equipment is faulty, specifically: the difference between the residual current of the next detection period and the residual current of the current detection period is greater than the fluctuation threshold value, and the residual current of the continuous multiple detection periods and the residual current of the previous detection period are all greater than the fluctuation threshold value, then the section line or equipment is faulty.
[0012] When multiple branch circuits have leakage switches, they are detected one by one according to the circuit connection order.
[0013] An intelligent detection system for leakage switch is used to realize the intelligent detection method of the leakage switch, comprising: The hardware detection module disconnects all loads and power supplies of the circuit where the leakage switch is located, and detects the closing ability of the leakage switch, If the leakage switch cannot be closed, it is determined that the leakage switch is mechanically faulty; If the leakage breaker can close, the leakage breaker is powered on, and the function of the electronic components is verified by pressing the test button, If the leakage breaker does not trip, it is determined that the electronic components of the leakage breaker are failed. If the leakage breaker can trip, the insulation resistance of the circuit is measured in segments, and the segment with insulation resistance lower than the set insulation resistance threshold is located. The segment detection module detects the residual current of the segment. If the residual current exceeds the rated action value in multiple detection periods, the segment line or device is faulty. If there is no residual current exceeding the rated action value in multiple detection periods, the trend of the residual current is analyzed. If the residual current continues to rise in multiple detection periods, the segment line or device is faulty. The fault locking module connects one load and power supply of the circuit where the leakage breaker is located, dynamically monitors the current change, and locks the fault device causing the trip.
[0014] The segment detection module includes a current detection device, which includes an ammeter and a multimeter. The ammeter is arranged on each branch, and the multimeter is used to detect the residual current of the segment.
[0015] The beneficial effects of the present application are: Comprehensive detection of leakage breaker performance: The leakage breaker intelligent detection method of the present application can effectively determine whether the leakage breaker has mechanical failure by disconnecting all loads and power supplies of the circuit where the leakage breaker is located to detect its closing ability. Then, the function of the electronic components is verified by pressing the test button, which can accurately detect whether the electronic components are failed. This comprehensive detection method avoids the limitation of traditional detection methods that only focus on a single function, ensures the performance of the leakage breaker is evaluated in all directions, discovers potential problems in time, and improves the reliability of the leakage breaker operation.
[0016] Precise positioning of the fault segment of the circuit: After determining that the leakage breaker is not faulty, the insulation resistance of the circuit is measured in segments, which can accurately locate the segment with insulation resistance lower than the set insulation resistance threshold. Compared with the traditional large-area fault detection method, the efficiency and accuracy of fault positioning are greatly improved, the maintenance time and labor cost are saved, the maintenance work can be more targeted, and the normal operation of the circuit is quickly restored.
[0017] Accurate locking of the fault device causing the trip: By connecting one load and power supply of the circuit where the leakage breaker is located, the current change is dynamically monitored, which can accurately lock the fault device causing the trip. This method avoids the problem of difficult determination of the fault source due to multiple loads being connected at the same time, provides a clear maintenance direction for maintenance personnel, further improves the maintenance efficiency, and reduces the impact of circuit failure on production and life. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] The technical solution of the present application is as follows: An intelligent detection method for an electric leakage switch, comprising the following steps: S1, disconnecting all loads and power supply of the circuit where the electric leakage switch is located, and detecting the closing ability of the electric leakage switch, If the electric leakage switch cannot be closed, it is determined that the electric leakage switch has mechanical failure; If the electric leakage switch can be closed, the circuit where the electric leakage switch is located is powered on, and then the test button is pressed to verify the function of the electronic components of the electric leakage switch, If the electric leakage switch does not trip, it is determined that the electronic components of the electric leakage switch are invalid; If the electric leakage switch can trip, the insulation resistance of the circuit is measured in sections to locate the section where the insulation resistance is lower than the set insulation resistance threshold.
[0019] Ensure that all loads are completely disconnected from the circuit. Then, find the upper power supply switch that supplies power to the circuit, and disconnect it to make the entire circuit in an unpowered state.
[0020] This step is the basis and premise of the entire detection process. Disconnecting all loads can avoid interference to the circuit caused by the loads during detection of the closing ability of the electric leakage switch. For example, the loads may have faults such as short circuit and electric leakage, which will affect the accurate judgment of the performance of the electric leakage switch itself. Disconnecting the power supply is to ensure the safety of the operator and prevent electric shock accidents during detection, and also to ensure that the detection environment is an unpowered state, making the detection result more reliable.
[0021] Under the condition that it is confirmed that the circuit is unloaded and the power supply is disconnected, the operator manually pushes the operating handle of the electric leakage switch to the closing direction, observes whether the electric leakage switch can normally close, that is, whether the operating handle can stably stay at the closing position, and observes whether there are abnormal sounds, sparks and other phenomena in the electric leakage switch.
[0022] The closing ability of the electric leakage switch reflects the integrity of its mechanical structure. If the electric leakage switch cannot normally close, there may be problems such as jamming, fracture, spring failure, etc. in the internal mechanical transmission components, which will cause the electric leakage switch to be unable to normally put into use, so as to fail to provide protection function for the circuit. By detecting the closing ability, it can be preliminarily judged whether the electric leakage switch has mechanical failure.
[0023] When the operator finds that the electric leakage switch cannot be closed, the phenomenon is recorded, and subsequent processing is performed according to the determination result, such as replacing the electric leakage switch or mechanically repairing the electric leakage switch.
[0024] Press the test button and keep it for a period of time to observe the reaction of the electric leakage switch.
[0025] The test button is used to simulate a leakage fault to verify whether the electronic components of the leakage switch can normally detect a leakage signal and issue a trip instruction. By pressing the test button, it can be checked whether the electronic detection circuit, control circuit, etc. of the leakage switch are working normally, to ensure that the leakage switch can act in time to cut off the circuit when a real leakage occurs, and to protect personal safety and equipment safety.
[0026] If the leakage switch can trip, then there is no fault in the mechanical structure and electronic components of the leakage switch, and the insulation resistance of the circuit in the segmented measurement is measured to locate the segment whose insulation resistance is lower than the set insulation resistance threshold. The greater the resistance value of the insulation resistance, the better the protection capability, and therefore the segment whose insulation resistance is lower than the insulation resistance threshold has poor protection capability and is faulty. The calculation method of the insulation resistance threshold is as follows: According to the nameplate of the leakage switch, the rated working voltage and the rated working current of the leakage switch are obtained, and the insulation resistance threshold is calculated: , wherein, is the insulation resistance threshold, V and I are the rated working voltage and the rated working current of the leakage switch respectively, K is a mechanical state coefficient, is an aging rate coefficient.
[0027] Further, the mechanical state coefficient is related to the closing capacity of the leakage switch in step S1, and the value range of K is 1.1-1.3. Specifically, the vibration frequency of the leakage switch during closing can be related, and the higher the vibration frequency, the smaller the value of K, and vice versa, the greater the value of K.
[0028] The aging rate coefficient is related to the service time, and the value is usually 0.03-0.05, and the longer the service time, the greater the value.
[0029] After it is determined that the leakage switch is not faulty, the insulation resistance of the circuit in the segmented measurement can accurately locate the segment whose insulation resistance is lower than the set insulation resistance threshold. Compared with the traditional large-area fault locating method, the efficiency and accuracy of fault locating are greatly improved, the maintenance time and labor cost are saved, the maintenance work can be more targeted, and the normal operation of the circuit can be quickly restored.
[0030] When there are leakage switches in multiple branch circuits, they are detected one by one according to the connection order of the circuit. The connection order of the multiple branch circuits can be sorted according to the order from the power supply end to the load end, or according to the number, layout, etc. of the circuit. Then, according to the above basic detection process, the leakage switch of each branch circuit is detected in turn, i.e. all loads and power supplies of the branch circuit are first disconnected, the closing capacity of the leakage switch is detected, and then subsequent electronic component function detection and circuit insulation resistance measurement are performed according to the closing condition.
[0031] The intelligent detection method of the electric leakage switch of the application can effectively determine whether the electric leakage switch has mechanical failure by disconnecting all loads and power supply of the circuit where the electric leakage switch is located and detecting the closing ability of the electric leakage switch; and can accurately detect whether the electronic component is invalid by pressing the test button to verify the function of the electronic component. This comprehensive detection method avoids the limitation of the traditional detection method which only focuses on a single function, ensures the performance of the electric leakage switch to be comprehensively evaluated, and timely discovers potential problems to improve the reliability of the electric leakage switch in operation.
[0032] S2, detect the residual current of the section, if the residual current exceeds the rated action value in multiple detection periods, the section line or equipment is faulty; if the residual current does not exceed the rated action value in multiple detection periods, analyze the trend of the residual current, if the residual current continuously rises in multiple detection periods, the section line or equipment is faulty.
[0033] If the residual current exceeds the rated action value in multiple detection periods, it can be determined that the section line or equipment is faulty; and the detection period is not fixed, and it needs to be reasonably set according to the location of the electric leakage switch, specifically as follows: the detection period is set according to the location of the electric leakage switch, the detection period is the reference period T when the electric leakage switch is at the branch user of the circuit; the detection period is 0.1T when the branch user of the circuit where the electric leakage switch is located has a variable frequency load; the detection period is 0.5T when the location of the electric leakage switch is a branch node. Sort the current values corresponding to the maximum values of the residual current harmonics in multiple detection periods from large to small, if there are 10 current values exceeding the rated action value in multiple detection periods, the section line or equipment is electric leakage.
[0034] The multiple detection periods are three continuous detection periods.
[0035] The application not only detects whether the residual current exceeds the rated action value, but also analyzes the trend of the residual current in multiple detection periods. If the residual current continuously rises in multiple detection periods, even if it does not exceed the rated action value, the section line or equipment is determined to be faulty. This in-depth analysis method can timely discover potential developing faults, take preventive and treatment measures in advance, avoid further expansion of the fault, and effectively ensure the safe and stable operation of the circuit system. Specifically, if the difference between the residual current of the next detection period and the residual current of the current detection period is greater than the fluctuation threshold, and the residual current of the continuous multiple detection periods and the residual current of the last detection period are all greater than the fluctuation threshold, the section line or equipment is faulty.
[0036] S3, turn on one load and power supply of the circuit where the electric leakage switch is located, dynamically monitor the current change, and lock the fault equipment causing tripping.
[0037] The dynamic monitoring of the current change, locking the fault device causing tripping in S3, specifically: each time a load is connected, the first load current sampling is performed 200 ms after the load is connected, and subsequent sampling is performed every 50 ms until the load current is stable, if the load current exceeds the rated current of the load, the load is faulty.
[0038] Through such high-frequency current sampling and monitoring, the change of the load current can be mastered in real time. If the load current exceeds the rated current of the load, it can be determined that the load has a fault.
[0039] By connecting a load and a power supply of the circuit where the residual current circuit breaker is located, the dynamic monitoring of the current change can accurately lock the fault device causing tripping. This method avoids the problem of being difficult to determine the fault source due to multiple loads being connected at the same time, provides a clear maintenance direction for maintenance personnel, further improves maintenance efficiency, and reduces the impact of circuit faults on production and life.
[0040] A residual current circuit breaker intelligent detection system for implementing the above-mentioned residual current circuit breaker intelligent detection method, comprising: A hardware detection module disconnects all loads and power supplies of the circuit where the residual current circuit breaker is located, and detects the closing ability of the residual current circuit breaker, If the residual current circuit breaker cannot be closed, it is determined that the residual current circuit breaker has a mechanical fault; If the residual current circuit breaker can be closed, power is supplied to the circuit where the residual current circuit breaker is located, and then the test button is pressed to verify the function of the electronic components of the residual current circuit breaker, If the residual current circuit breaker does not trip, it is determined that the electronic components of the residual current circuit breaker are failed; If the residual current circuit breaker can trip, the insulation resistance of the circuit where the residual current circuit breaker is located is measured in sections to locate the section where the insulation resistance is lower than the set insulation resistance threshold; A section detection module detects the residual current of the section. If the residual current exceeds the rated action value in multiple detection cycles, the section line or device is faulty. If there is no residual current exceeding the rated action value in multiple detection cycles, the trend of the residual current is analyzed. If the residual current continues to rise in multiple detection cycles, the section line or device is faulty. A fault locking module connects a load and a power supply of the circuit where the residual current circuit breaker is located, and dynamically monitors the current change to lock the fault device causing tripping.
[0041] The section detection module includes a current detection device, which includes an ammeter and a multimeter. The ammeter is arranged on each branch, and the multimeter is used to detect the residual current of the section.
Claims
1. An electric leakage switch intelligent detection method, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, disconnecting all loads and power supply of the circuit where the leakage switch is located, detecting the closing ability of the leakage switch, If the leakage switch cannot be closed, it is determined that the leakage switch has mechanical failure; If the leakage switch can be closed, the circuit where the leakage switch is located is powered on, and the function of the electronic components of the leakage switch is verified by pressing the test button, If the leakage switch does not trip, it is determined that the electronic components of the leakage switch are invalid; If the leakage switch can trip, the insulation resistance of the circuit where the leakage switch is located is measured in sections, and the section where the insulation resistance is lower than the set insulation resistance threshold is located. S2, detecting the residual current of the section, if there is residual current exceeding the rated action value in multiple detection periods, the section line or equipment is faulty; if there is no residual current exceeding the rated action value in multiple detection periods, the trend of the residual current is analyzed, and if the residual current continuously rises in multiple detection periods, the section line or equipment is faulty; S3, connecting one load and power supply of the circuit where the leakage switch is located, dynamically monitoring the current change, and locking the fault equipment causing the trip.
2. The intelligent detection method of an electric leakage switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation method of the insulation resistance threshold is: According to the nameplate of the leakage switch, the rated working voltage and the rated working current of the leakage switch are obtained, and the insulation resistance threshold is calculated: , wherein, is the insulation resistance threshold value, V, I are the rated working voltage and the rated working current of the electric leakage switch, K is the mechanical state coefficient, is the aging rate coefficient.
3. The intelligent detection method of an electric leakage switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, If there is residual current exceeding the rated action value in multiple detection periods in S2, the section line or equipment is faulty, specifically: The detection period is set according to the location of the leakage switch. When the leakage switch is in the branch user of the circuit, the detection period is the reference period T; when the leakage switch is in the branch user of the circuit with variable frequency load, the detection period is 0.1T; when the leakage switch is in the branch node, the detection period is 0.5T; The current value corresponding to the maximum value of the residual current harmonic in multiple detection periods is selected from large to small, and there are 10 current values exceeding the rated action value in multiple detection periods, then the section line or equipment is subject to electric leakage.
4. The intelligent detection method of an electric leakage switch according to claim 3, characterized in that, The multiple detection periods are three continuous detection periods.
5. The intelligent detection method of an electric leakage switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the current change is dynamically monitored, and the fault equipment causing the trip is locked. The specific operation is: one load is connected each time, the first load current sampling is performed 200ms after the load is connected, and subsequent sampling is performed every 50ms until the load current is stable. If the load current exceeds the rated current of the load, the load is faulty.
6. The intelligent detection method of an electric leakage switch according to claim 1, wherein, If the residual current continuously rises in multiple detection periods in S2, the section line or equipment is faulty, specifically: the difference between the residual current of the next detection period and the residual current of the current detection period is greater than the fluctuation threshold, and the residual current of the continuous multiple detection periods and the residual current of the last detection period are all greater than the fluctuation threshold, then the section line or equipment is faulty.
7. The intelligent detection method of an electric leakage switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, When multiple branch circuits have leakage switches, they are detected one by one according to the circuit connection order.
8. An intelligent detection system for an electric leakage switch, for implementing the intelligent detection method of any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, It comprises: The hardware detection module disconnects all loads and power supply of the circuit where the leakage switch is located, detects the closing ability of the leakage switch, If the leakage switch cannot be closed, it is determined that the leakage switch has mechanical failure; If the leakage switch can be closed, the circuit where the leakage switch is located is powered on, and the function of the electronic components of the leakage switch is verified by pressing the test button, If the leakage switch does not trip, it is determined that the electronic components of the leakage switch are invalid; If the leakage switch trips, the insulation resistance of the circuit where the segment is located is measured, and the segment where the insulation resistance is lower than the set insulation resistance threshold is located; The segment detection module detects the residual current of the segment. If the residual current exceeds the rated action value in multiple detection periods, the segment line or equipment fails. If there is no residual current exceeding the rated action value in multiple detection periods, the residual current trend is analyzed. If the residual current continues to rise in multiple detection periods, the segment line or equipment fails. The fault locking module connects a load and a power supply of the circuit where the leakage switch is located, dynamically monitors the current change, and locks the fault equipment causing the trip.
9. The electric leakage switch intelligent detection system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The segment detection module includes a current detection device, the current detection device includes an ammeter and a multimeter, the ammeter is arranged on each branch, and the multimeter is used for detecting the residual current of the segment.