Identification tracking system and method based on double-layer RFID

Abstract

The invention discloses an identification tracking system and method based on double-layer RFID, relates to the technical field of RFID identification, and can solve the technical problems of insufficient sample label object tracking capability, high system cost and low process automation degree in the prior art. The system comprises RFID tags, the first layer of RFID tag is an ultrahigh-frequency RFID tag, and the second layer of RFID tag is a low-frequency RFID tag, a high-frequency RFID tag or an ultrahigh-frequency RFID tag; the information binding module is used for establishing or unbinding a binding relation between the first-layer RFID tag and the second-layer RFID tag by receiving tag information read by the RFID reader-writer; the data management module is used for storing and updating the binding relationship between the first layer of RFID tag and the second layer of RFID tag; and the chain type tracking module is used for determining the position information of the bound second-layer RFID tag according to the position information of the first-layer RFID tag so as to realize the tracking of the second-layer object through the identification of the first-layer object. According to the invention, automatic, low-cost and traceable target tracking can be realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of RFID identification technology, and in particular to an identification and tracking system and method based on double-layer RFID. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the prior art, automatic identification and spatial positioning of articles are mostly based on ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID technology, which realizes two-dimensional or three-dimensional spatial positioning of articles with attached UHF RFID tags by deploying multiple read-write antennas and combining information such as received signal strength (RSSI) or phase angle.

[0003] However, in application scenarios such as biological sample management, medical cold chain, and micro-device circulation, the tracking and identification of samples face special challenges: because most sample bodies are small in size, have special packaging materials, or are highly sensitive to electromagnetic interference, the sample tags they carry often have difficulty in normal performance - whether low-frequency, high-frequency, or ultra-high frequency tags are selected, the function may be limited due to the use environment. Specifically, the performance defects of sample tags mainly include: if an ultra-high frequency tag is selected, the packaging and sealing container of the sample will cause significant attenuation of the ultra-high frequency signal, resulting in a significant reduction in communication distance and making it impossible for the reader to normally identify it; if a low-frequency or high-frequency tag is selected, although it can adapt to the packaging environment to some extent, such tags have limitations such as short communication distance, poor directivity, and lack of spatial phase characteristics, making it difficult to adapt to multi-antenna positioning structures.

[0004] In the prior art, some technical solutions attempt to deploy one-to-one readers for each physical location in the tracking area to obtain object location information. Although identification can be achieved, this approach has problems such as high deployment cost, poor spatial scalability, and heavy maintenance burden as the tracking area expands, and is not suitable for sample-level high-density and high-frequency circulation environments.

[0005] Some technical solutions in the prior art use a binding mode of "sample X is manually recorded as placed in container Y", i.e., static one-to-one data binding. This method relies on manual operation and lacks verifiability, and performs poorly in dynamic management requirements such as sample transfer, mixed placement, unbinding, or location tracing, seriously affecting the data accuracy and operational efficiency of the overall system.

[0006] Therefore, the prior art still has multiple pain points such as insufficient tracking capability, high system cost, and low process automation when dealing with spatial perception and management of sample tag objects. SUMMARY

[0007] To solve one or more technical problems in the prior art, the present application provides an identification and tracking system based on double-layer RFID, comprising: The RFID tag comprises a first layer RFID tag and a second layer RFID tag, the first layer RFID tag is an ultra-high frequency RFID tag, the second layer RFID tag is a low frequency RFID tag, a high frequency RFID tag or an ultra-high frequency RFID tag, the first layer RFID tag is installed on a first layer object, the second layer RFID tag is installed on a second layer object, and the first layer object is used to carry the second layer object; The RFID reader / writer comprises a first layer RFID reader / writer and a second layer RFID reader / writer, the first layer RFID reader / writer is used to read information of the first layer RFID tag, and the second layer RFID reader / writer is used to read information of the second layer RFID tag; The information binding module is used to establish or cancel a binding relationship between the first layer RFID tag and the second layer RFID tag by receiving tag information read by the RFID reader / writer; The data management module is used to store and update the binding relationship between the first layer RFID tag and the second layer RFID tag; The chain tracking module is used to determine position information of the second layer RFID tag bound to the first layer RFID tag according to position information of the first layer RFID tag, so as to realize tracking of the second layer object by identifying the first layer object.

[0008] Preferably, the first layer RFID tag and the second layer RFID tag establish or cancel a binding relationship by receiving tag information read by the RFID reader / writer, comprising: When the information binding module detects that the first layer RFID reader / writer and the second layer RFID reader / writer respectively read information of the first layer RFID tag and information of the second layer RFID tag in a same binding operation area within a binding period, a binding record is generated, the binding record comprising a unique identifier of the first layer RFID tag, a unique identifier of the second layer RFID tag, a binding time stamp and a binding event number; When the information binding module detects that only one of the first layer RFID tag and the second layer RFID tag in a bound state is read by an RFID reader / writer within an unbinding period, an unbinding record is generated, the unbinding record comprising a unique identifier of the second layer RFID tag, a unique identifier of the first layer RFID tag originally bound, an unbinding time stamp and an unbinding event number.

[0009] Preferably, the first layer RFID tag and the second layer RFID tag store and update the binding relationship, comprising: The data management module stores and updates the binding relationship of the first layer RFID tag and the second layer RFID tag by using a multi-level identification data structure model, which is constructed by using a tree structure or a graph structure, taking the first layer RFID tag as a parent node and taking the second layer RFID tag bound to the first layer RFID tag as a child node.

[0010] Preferably, the position information of the second layer RFID tag bound to the first layer RFID tag is determined according to the position information of the first layer RFID tag, including: When the first layer RFID tag enters a tracking area provided with the first layer RFID reader, the first layer RFID reader continuously reads the information of the first layer RFID tag and sends the information to a spatial positioning system, and the spatial positioning system calculates the position coordinates of the first layer RFID tag. The chain tracking module associates the position coordinates of the first layer RFID tag with the unique identifier of the first layer RFID tag to generate a first layer position record, which includes the unique identifier of the first layer RFID tag, the current position coordinates and the current position record timestamp. The chain tracking module obtains the binding relationship list of all second layer RFID tags with the first layer RFID tag as the parent node from the data management module. For each second layer RFID tag in the binding relationship list, the chain tracking module updates the position information field to the position coordinates of the current first layer RFID tag, and generates or updates a second layer position record in the tracking log, which includes the unique identifier of the second layer RFID tag, the unique identifier of the first layer RFID tag of its parent node, the current position coordinates and the current position record timestamp.

[0011] Preferably, the tracking of the second layer object is realized by identifying the first layer object, including: The chain tracking module synchronizes data with an information management platform through a bidirectional communication interface, and the information management platform is deployed on a local server or in the cloud and opens an event receiving interface, a state query interface and a link backtracking interface. After generating or updating the second layer position record, the chain tracking module pushes an event package to the information management platform through the event receiving interface, and the event package includes the unique identifier of the second layer RFID tag, the unique identifier of the first layer RFID tag to which it belongs, the current position coordinates, the current position record timestamp. The information management platform writes the received event package into a second layer RFID tag unique identifier flow log. When the terminal or external system calls the state query interface, the information management platform queries the location coordinates and the first layer RFID tag in the latest event package according to the unique identifier of the second layer RFID tag carried in the request, and feeds back the query result to the querying party; When the terminal or external system calls the link backtracking interface and specifies a time period and the unique identifier of the second layer RFID tag, the information management platform retrieves the flow log according to the time stamp, generates link data containing all event packages in the specified time period, and feeds back the link data to the calling party.

[0012] Preferably, the identification and tracking system further comprises a binding operation station, the binding operation station is provided with a placement point for placing the first layer object, each placement point is provided with one or more than two first layer RFID antennas and one or more than two second layer RFID antennas, the first layer RFID antennas are connected with the first layer RFID reader-writer, and the second layer RFID antennas are connected with the second layer RFID reader-writer.

[0013] Preferably, an electromagnetic shielding mechanism is arranged between adjacent placement points, and the electromagnetic shielding mechanism is used to prevent RFID signals between different placement points from interfering with each other.

[0014] Preferably, the first layer object is a container, and the first layer RFID tag is pasted or embedded on the container. The second layer object is a sample, and the second layer RFID tag is implanted or fixed on the sample after being packaged by a glass tube, a polymer cladding material, a card or a shell.

[0015] Preferably, the placement point is a groove structure, when the container is placed in the placement point, the top of the container is located outside the top of the groove structure, the first layer RFID tag is arranged on the side of the container, the first layer RFID antenna is arranged on the side of the groove structure, and the second layer RFID antenna is arranged on the side and / or bottom of the groove structure.

[0016] The application further provides an identification and tracking method based on the double-layer RFID-based identification and tracking system, comprising the following steps: When the binding operation is performed, the first layer object is placed at any placement point of the binding operation table, the first layer RFID antenna of the placement point reads the information of the first layer RFID tag on the first layer object, the second layer object is placed into the first layer object, the second layer RFID antenna of the placement point reads the information of the second layer RFID tag on the second layer object, the information binding module receives the tag information uploaded by the first layer RFID read-write device and the second layer RFID read-write device, the binding relationship between the first layer RFID tag and the second layer RFID tag at the same placement point is established in the binding period, the binding record is generated and sent to the data management module, the data management module updates the multi-layer identification data structure model according to the binding record, and the first layer RFID tag is associated and stored as a parent node and the second layer RFID tag is associated and stored as a child node; When the tracking operation is performed, the first layer RFID read-write device continuously reads the first layer RFID tag when the first layer object enters the tracking area, the spatial positioning system calculates the position coordinates and sends them to the chain tracking module, the chain tracking module synchronizes the position coordinates of the first layer RFID tag to the second layer RFID tag bound thereto based on the binding relationship in the data management module, generates the position record and the tracking log, and uploads them to the information management platform; When the transfer operation is performed, the second layer object carried on the first layer object is moved from the original placement point to a new placement point, after the second layer RFID tag cannot be detected by the second layer RFID antenna of the original placement point in the binding period, the information binding module generates the unbinding record and sends it to the data management module, the data management module cancels the original binding relationship, and at the new placement point, the above binding operation is repeated to establish the binding relationship between the second layer RFID tag and the first layer RFID tag of the new placement point, and the chain tracking module updates the position information of the second layer RFID tag.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present application are: By binding the second layer RFID tag with the first layer RFID tag, the position information of the sample tag can be indirectly obtained by means of the long-distance identification capability of the ultra-high frequency tag and the spatial positioning technology, the sample position can be determined in real time through the position of the container, and it is not necessary to separately deploy a positioning device for the sample. The information binding module can automatically detect and establish or cancel the binding relationship of the two-layer tags, which can avoid manual input errors, and it is not necessary to manually trigger the binding / unbinding operation, so that the operation efficiency and data accuracy are greatly improved.

[0018] Existing technologies that directly track low-frequency tags require the deployment of numerous low-frequency readers at close range at every physical location within the tracking area, with costs increasing linearly as the area expands. In contrast, this system only requires the deployment of UHF RFID readers and positioning devices for the first-layer objects (carriers), and can cover the tracking needs of all second-layer objects (samples) through binding relationships, significantly reducing hardware investment. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an identification and tracking system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the generation of binding records according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the generation of unbinding records according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is an axis view of the binding operation table according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a tabletop layout diagram of a binding operation table according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A sectional view along the EE direction; Figure 7 yes Figure 5 Sectional view along the FF direction; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the binding operation console according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] In the picture: 1. Binding control panel; 101. Placement point A; 102. Placement point B; 103. Placement point C; 104. Placement point D; 201. First layer RFID antenna; 202. Second layer RFID antenna; 3. Electromagnetic shielding mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To address the problems of spatial positioning of sample tag objects, unreliable manual binding methods, and high system maintenance costs in existing technologies, this invention proposes an identification and tracking system and method that combines ultra-high frequency (UHF) tags and sample tags.

[0023] The application will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments. Various examples are provided by way of explanation of the application but are not meant as a limitation of the application. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations of the application can be made without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. For example, features shown or described as part of one embodiment can be used on another embodiment to yield still a further embodiment. It is therefore desired that the application contain all such modifications and variations as fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0024] In the description of the present application, the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and do not require the present application to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application. The terms "connected", "connected", "provided" used in the present application should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected or detachably connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through intermediate components; the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood by the person skilled in the art according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] Embodiment 1: As shown in the figure, a double-layer RFID-based identification tracking system comprises: Figures 1-3 RFID tags, the RFID tags comprising first-layer RFID tags and second-layer RFID tags, the first-layer RFID tags being ultra-high frequency RFID tags, the second-layer RFID tags being low-frequency RFID tags, high-frequency RFID tags or ultra-high frequency RFID tags, the first-layer RFID tags being installed on first-layer objects, the second-layer RFID tags being installed on second-layer objects, the first-layer objects being used to carry the second-layer objects; RFID readers, the RFID readers comprising first-layer RFID readers and second-layer RFID readers, the first-layer RFID readers being used to read information of the first-layer RFID tags, the second-layer RFID readers being used to read information of the second-layer RFID tags; An information binding module is used to establish or release a binding relationship between the first-layer RFID tags and the second-layer RFID tags by receiving tag information read by the RFID readers; A data management module is used to store and update the binding relationship between the first-layer RFID tags and the second-layer RFID tags; ​A chain tracking module is configured to determine the position information of the second layer RFID tag bound to the first layer RFID tag according to the position information of the first layer RFID tag, so as to realize tracking of the second layer object through identification of the first layer object.

[0026] In a specific implementation, the ultra-high frequency RFID tag of the first layer RFID tag in the application can be a radio frequency identification tag with a working frequency range of 860 MHz to 960 MHz, can carry unique identity information of the first layer object, has the characteristics of long-distance reading (usually 1 to 10 meters) and multi-tag simultaneous identification, but has high cost and high power consumption. The first layer RFID reader (ultra-high frequency) supports 860 to 960 MHz frequency band signal transmission and reception, can be equipped with a high-gain antenna, can realize long-distance and multi-tag simultaneous reading, and has a high data transmission rate.

[0027] For the second layer RFID tag in the application, when the second layer RFID tag is a low-frequency RFID tag, a radio frequency identification tag with a working frequency range of 125 kHz or 134.2 kHz can be selected, can carry unique identity information of the second layer object, has the advantages of strong penetration, low cost and low power consumption, but has a short reading distance (usually 0.1 to 0.5 meters); at this time, the second layer RFID reader (low frequency) is designed for 125 kHz or 134.2 kHz frequency band.

[0028] When the second layer RFID tag is a high-frequency RFID tag, a radio frequency identification tag with a working frequency range of 13.56 MHz can be selected, can carry unique identity information of the second layer object, has a medium-distance reading capability (usually 0.1 to 1 meters), a strong liquid interference resistance, and high data security (supports encryption and two-way authentication); at this time, the second layer RFID reader (high frequency) is designed for 13.56 MHz frequency band.

[0029] When the second layer RFID tag is an ultra-high frequency RFID tag, the same frequency RFID tag as the first type RFID tag can be selected, for example, the first type RFID tag is an ultra-high frequency RFID tag, which is embedded in a cage; the second type RFID tag is also an ultra-high frequency RFID tag, but is designed in the form of a glass tube and implanted in the body (under the skin) of an animal; at this time, the second layer RFID reader can be the same reader as the first layer RFID reader.

[0030] The core of the binding of the first layer object and the second layer object is to bind the unique identity information of the two, that is, the ID code of the first layer RFID tag and the ID code of the second layer RFID tag. The information binding module can establish an association relationship through a time stamp (such as “20250716103000”) and an event number (such as “BIND20250716001”). When the two-layer tags are identified by a reader-writer at the same time and space, the information binding module establishes a binding relationship, and the data management module stores the binding relationship.

[0031] The data management module can be built based on an existing production management system (such as MES) and a laboratory information management system (such as LIMS), and the binding data can be connected through a database interface to realize real-time storage and calling of information. The chain tracking module can rely on multiple ultra-high frequency RFID readers and antenna arrays arranged in a tracking area (such as a production area) to obtain the position of the first layer object in real time and associate the information of the second layer object. For example: For a laboratory scenario, a binding operation table can be set up in the laboratory, ultra-high frequency RFID readers can be deployed around the storage cabinet and incubator where the container (first layer object) is stored, and after the sample (second layer object) is placed in the container, the sample storage position is tracked through the container tag; For a logistics transportation scenario, the sample (second layer object) can be placed in the container (first layer object), and an ultra-high frequency RFID reader for identifying the container can be installed on the transport vehicle. The transport vehicle itself can be combined with GPS positioning to record the transportation track of the container and the sample in real time; In a workshop production scenario, ultra-high frequency RFID readers can be deployed at production line stations to track the flow path of the carrier (first layer object) and the parts (second layer object) carried by the carrier.

[0032] By binding the ultra-high frequency carrier, the position of the sample (second layer object) can be indirectly reflected by the position of the carrier (first layer object), avoiding the problems of short distance of low-frequency tags. The dynamic binding relationship between the carrier and the sample can be maintained by the information binding module, and the chain tracking module can infer the sample position through the carrier position to realize automatic management. The first layer RFID tag can be installed on a tray, a transfer trolley, a shelf, etc.; the second layer RFID tag can be installed on surgical instruments, chips, experimental animals, etc.

[0033] In the prior art, when the sample label selects a low-frequency RFID tag, a high-frequency RFID tag, or an ultra-high-frequency RFID tag, the function is limited due to the use environment restriction, and an RFID reader of a corresponding frequency needs to be deployed at each position, which is high in cost and poor in expansibility. The present application can realize sample tracking by binding an ultra-high-frequency carrier and tracking only the carrier, thereby reducing device deployment. Meanwhile, the present application can realize dynamic automatic binding, while the existing binding is mostly static manual recording. Compared with the prior art, the present application can greatly reduce system deployment and maintenance cost, reduce the use amount of low-frequency readers, improve tracking flexibility, and adapt to the movement of the carrier in a large range of scenes.

[0034] Embodiment 2 Further, the first layer RFID tag and the second layer RFID tag are caused to establish or release a binding relationship by receiving the tag information read by the RFID reader, comprising: When the information binding module detects that the first layer RFID reader and the second layer RFID reader respectively read the information of the first layer RFID tag and the information of the second layer RFID tag located in the same binding operation area within a binding period, a binding record is generated, the binding record comprising a unique identifier of the first layer RFID tag, a unique identifier of the second layer RFID tag, a binding timestamp, and a binding event number; When the information binding module detects that only one of the first layer RFID tag and the second layer RFID tag in a bound state is read by an RFID reader within an unbinding period, an unbinding record is generated, the unbinding record comprising a unique identifier of the second layer RFID tag, a unique identifier of the original bound first layer RFID tag, an unbinding timestamp, and an unbinding event number.

[0035] In specific implementation, the binding period and the unbinding period can be set according to actual production operation requirements. For example, the binding period can be set to 3 seconds, that is, the time interval at which the two layers of tags are read by the reader of the same placement point is not more than 3 seconds, and a binding relationship can be established, and if the time interval at which the two layers of tags are read by the reader of the same placement point is greater than 3 seconds, a binding relationship is not established. For another example, the unbinding period can be set to 5 seconds, that is, after the second layer RFID tag is out of the range of the original reader, the original reader does not read the tag again within 5 seconds, and it can be determined that the second layer RFID tag is unbound from the first layer RFID tag.

[0036] The generation rule of the first layer RFID tag unique identifier, the second layer RFID tag unique identifier, the binding time stamp, and the binding event number can be set according to actual production operation requirements, for example, a certain first layer RFID tag unique identifier is "UHF-LAB20250716001", a certain second layer RFID tag unique identifier is "LF-SAMPLE20250716001", a certain binding time stamp is "2025-07-1610:30:00.123", and a certain binding event number is "EVT-BIND-20250716001".

[0037] The physical entity of the information binding module can be based on an RFID controller and can be arranged on a binding operation table or a server. Based on the time sequence and the reader trigger logic, when the two layers of readers at the same placement point are read by the tags in the binding period, the parent-child binding is recorded and established according to the time sequence; when the sample tag is not read in the unbinding period, unbinding is triggered. After detecting that the container and the sample in the same binding period are read, the information binding module automatically associates the identifiers of the two, generates a binding record containing a time stamp and an event number, and uploads it to the data management module.

[0038] In the prior art, the tag binding needs manual input of instructions, which is prone to errors and low in efficiency. The present application can realize automatic binding through spatiotemporal coupling detection of the same placement point and period. The existing unbinding relies on manual triggering, and the present application can realize automation through the time window judgment of the disappearance of the tag. The present application can improve the binding accuracy, avoid manual input errors, adapt to dynamic sample flow, ensure real-time updating of the binding relationship, reduce the operation threshold, and complete sample flow without professional training.

[0039] Embodiment 3: Further, the storing and updating of the binding relationship of the first layer RFID tag and the second layer RFID tag comprises: The data management module stores and updates the binding relationship of the first layer RFID tag and the second layer RFID tag by using a multi-level identification data structure model, and the multi-level identification data structure model is constructed by using a tree structure or a graph structure, taking the first layer RFID tag as a parent node and taking the second layer RFID tag bound by the first layer RFID tag as a child node.

[0040] In specific implementation, when the multi-level identification data structure model stores the label binding relationship in a tree structure or a graph structure, it can be implemented through database table design (such as parent node ID, child node ID, and hierarchical relationship field). The parent-child hierarchical relationship can be maintained by the data management module, and a child node is added when the binding relationship is established, and is deleted when the binding relationship is unbound. Multi-level nested identification can also be achieved by allowing a child node to be a parent node (such as tray-container-sample). A parent node can be associated with multiple child nodes, and a child node can also be associated with a next-level child node, forming a multi-dimensional network. Indexing can be based on the unique identifier of the label, and querying can be performed by quickly locating the child node through the parent node ID or tracing the parent node through the child node ID. After receiving the binding record of the information binding module, the multi-level identification data structure model can add a child node to the parent node in the tree structure or the graph structure; after receiving the unbinding record, the corresponding child node is removed.

[0041] Embodiment 4: Further, the determination of the position information of the second layer RFID tag bound to the first layer RFID tag according to the position information of the first layer RFID tag comprises: When the first layer RFID tag enters the tracking area where the first layer RFID reader is deployed, the first layer RFID reader continuously reads the information of the first layer RFID tag and sends the information to the spatial positioning system, and the spatial positioning system calculates the position coordinates of the first layer RFID tag; The chain tracking module associates the position coordinates of the first layer RFID tag with the unique identifier of the first layer RFID tag, generates a first layer position record, and the first layer position record includes the unique identifier of the first layer RFID tag, the current position coordinates, and the current position record timestamp; The chain tracking module obtains the binding relationship list of all second layer RFID tags with the first layer RFID tag as the parent node from the data management module; For each second layer RFID tag in the binding relationship list, the chain tracking module updates the position information field to the position coordinates of the current first layer RFID tag, and generates or updates a second layer position record in the tracking log, and the second layer position record includes the unique identifier of the second layer RFID tag, the unique identifier of the first layer RFID tag of its parent node, the current position coordinates, and the current position record timestamp.

[0042] In specific implementation, the tracking area can be each layer space (such as a laboratory or a workshop) where the first layer RFID reader is deployed, and the position of the first layer object is monitored through the reader network. The spatial positioning system can calculate the position through the tag signal received by the reader. For RSSI positioning, the distance can be determined by the difference in signal strength, and for phase difference positioning, the position can be calculated by the change in signal phase.

[0043] The chain tracking module can call the container position information of the positioning system through the API interface, and assign the container position to the bound sample in combination with the binding relationship. In this way, after the sample is separated from the bound operation platform, the chain tracking module can continuously track the container position, take the container position as the sample position, automatically deduce the sample position, and record the container flow path, residence time and operation record. When the first layer RFID tag leaves the tracking area, the chain tracking module can keep the last position coordinates of the first layer RFID tag and all the second layer RFID tags bound thereto until the first layer RFID tag or the second layer RFID tag enters the tracking area again and is re-identified.

[0044] Embodiment 5: Further, the tracking of the second layer object by the identification of the first layer object comprises: The chain tracking module and the information management platform perform data synchronization through a bidirectional communication interface. The information management platform is deployed on a local server or in the cloud, and opens an event receiving interface, a state query interface and a link backtracking interface; After generating or updating the second layer position record, the chain tracking module pushes an event package to the information management platform through the event receiving interface. The event package includes the unique identifier of the second layer RFID tag, the unique identifier of the first layer RFID tag to which it belongs, the current position coordinates, and the current position record timestamp. The information management platform writes the received event package into a flow log with the unique identifier of the second layer RFID tag; When the operation terminal or external system calls the state query interface, the information management platform queries the position coordinates in the latest event package and the first layer RFID tag to which it belongs according to the unique identifier of the second layer RFID tag carried in the request, and feeds back the query result to the querying party; When the operation terminal or external system calls the link backtracking interface and specifies a time period and the unique identifier of the second layer RFID tag, the information management platform retrieves the flow log according to the timestamp, generates link data containing all event packages in the specified time period, and feeds back the link data to the calling party.

[0045] In specific implementation, the information management platform can be built based on a local server or a cloud, and sample traceability can be realized by establishing a flow file according to a sample ID based on real-time data of the chain tracking module. The flow log can record operations in a time sequence, and events such as position updates and binding can be stored in a database at a fixed time. Each record can include a timestamp, an operation layer type, and a related label ID. The operation terminal can be a PC, a tablet computer, a PDA, or the like, and the information management platform can be accessed through a Web page or an APP. The external system can be a production information management system, a warehouse management system, a laboratory information management system, or the like. Based on the above technical solutions, the application can realize real-time reception and integration of position and binding data, realize sample flow visualization in the whole process, meet data traceability requirements, facilitate quality control, improve data sharing efficiency, and support multi-system collaboration.

[0046] Embodiment 6 As shown in Figures 4-8 Further, the identification and tracking system further includes a binding operation table 1, the binding operation table 1 is provided with a placement point for placing the first layer object, each placement point is provided with one or more than two first layer RFID antennas 201 and one or more than two second layer RFID antennas 202, the first layer RFID antenna 201 is connected with the first layer RFID reader-writer, and the second layer RFID antenna 202 is connected with the second layer RFID reader-writer.

[0047] In specific implementation, the first layer RFID antenna 201 can select multiple UHF RFID antenna arrays, which are arranged around multiple placement points (such as placement point A101, placement point B102, placement point C103, and placement point D104) of the binding operation table 1, and are used to read the label information of the first layer object and the placement position thereof; the second layer RFID antenna 202 can select multiple LFRFID antennas or coil arrays, which are arranged at the bottom or side area of the placement point, and are used to read the second layer RFID label information carried by the sample object in the container.

[0048] Taking the operation of “taking out a sample from container A and placing it into container B” as an example, when the sample is separated from the placement point A101, the second layer RFID reader-writer of the placement point A101 does not read the sample label in the unbinding period, and the system determines unbinding; when the sample enters the placement point B102, the two-layer reader-writer of the placement point B102 reads the sample and the container B label at the same time, and the system establishes a new binding. In this way, the defect that the existing operation table only supports manual placement without automatic binding function can be avoided, the sample flow efficiency can be improved, the manual operation steps can be reduced, and the binding relationship can be ensured to be accurate.

[0049] Embodiment 7 Further, an electromagnetic shielding mechanism 3 is arranged between adjacent placement points, which is used to prevent the RFID signals between different placement points from interfering with each other.

[0050] In implementation, the electromagnetic shielding mechanism 3 can be a metal partition plate (such as an aluminum plate), which is arranged between adjacent placement points, and prevents the signal crosstalk between adjacent points by absorbing and reflecting the radio frequency signals, so as to ensure that the reader only reads the tag of the current point.

[0051] Embodiment 8: Further, the first layer object is a container, and the first layer RFID tag is pasted or embedded on the container; The second layer object is a sample, and the second layer RFID tag is implanted or fixed on the sample after being encapsulated by a glass tube, a polymer cladding material, a card or a shell.

[0052] In implementation, the first layer RFID tag can be a read-write electronic tag supporting the EPC Gen2 (ISO / IEC 18000-6C) protocol, which can be in a flexible pasting or embedded structure, and is fixed on the outer surface of the container, so as to realize the long-distance identification and spatial positioning on the carrier such as a workbench, a storage rack or a transport vehicle. The second layer RFID tag can be in a glass tube encapsulation form, and conforms to the ISO 11784 / 11785 protocol, and can be used for safe implantation of the sample.

[0053] The sample is a biological sample such as an experimental animal, a blood sample, a tissue sample and the like, and its related reagent sample has various storage environments and strict requirements, such as refrigeration, liquid environment and the like. The second layer RFID tag is designed to be suitable for the biological sample in the present application, so as to ensure that the tag can be stably fixed on the sample, and has good anti-interference ability in the complex biological sample storage environment. The polymer cladding material can be selected from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the like, which are corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant, and ensure stable transmission of the tag signal.

[0054] Embodiment 9: Further, the placement point is a groove structure, when the container is placed in the placement point, the top of the container is located outside the top of the groove structure, the first layer RFID tag is arranged on the side of the container, the first layer RFID antenna 201 is arranged on the side of the groove structure, and the second layer RFID antenna 202 is arranged on the side and / or bottom of the groove structure.

[0055] In a specific implementation, the first layer RFID tag is arranged on the side of the container, and the first layer RFID antenna 201 arranged on the side of the groove structure can avoid signal attenuation caused by the container top shielding and ensure stable reading of the ultra-high frequency signal. The second layer RFID antenna 202 is arranged on the side and / or bottom of the groove, and is in close correspondence with the low-frequency tag on the sample (such as an experimental animal). Even if the sample moves slightly in the container, the signal coupling can still be maintained, and the problem of short reading distance of the low-frequency tag is solved.

[0056] The placement point of the groove structure can fix the position of the container, avoid the label from being out of the reading range caused by the container tilting or shifting (meet the stability requirement of the experimental animal container during operation). The top of the container is located outside the groove, which is convenient for manual sample taking and placing, and does not affect the signal transmission of the bottom and side antennas, and both operation convenience and identification reliability are considered. The fixed positional relationship between the groove structure and the antenna can ensure the spatial correspondence of the "container-sample" during the binding operation, and reduce the error binding caused by positional deviation (avoid label signal crosstalk between adjacent containers).

[0057] Embodiment 10: A recognition and tracking method based on the double-layer RFID-based recognition and tracking system: When the binding operation is performed, the first layer object is placed on any placement point of the binding operation table, the first layer RFID antenna of the placement point reads the information of the first layer RFID tag on the first layer object, the second layer object is placed in the first layer object, the second layer RFID antenna of the placement point reads the information of the second layer RFID tag on the second layer object, the information binding module receives the tag information uploaded by the first layer RFID reader and the second layer RFID reader, establishes a binding relationship between the first layer RFID tag and the second layer RFID tag in the same placement point within the binding period, generates a binding record and sends it to the data management module, and the data management module updates the multi-level identification data structure model according to the binding record, and stores the first layer RFID tag as a parent node and the second layer RFID tag as a child node in association; When the tracking operation is performed, the first layer RFID reader continuously reads the first layer RFID tag when the first layer object enters the tracking area, the spatial positioning system calculates the position coordinates and sends them to the chain tracking module, the chain tracking module synchronizes the position coordinates of the first layer RFID tag to the second layer RFID tag bound thereto based on the binding relationship in the data management module, generates a position record and a tracking log, and uploads them to the information management platform; When the transfer operation is performed, the second layer object carried on the first layer object is moved from the original placement point to the new placement point, after the second layer RFID antenna at the original placement point cannot detect the second layer RFID tag in the binding period, the information binding module generates an unbinding record and sends it to the data management module, the data management module cancels the original binding relationship, at the new placement point, the above binding operation is repeated to establish the binding relationship between the second layer RFID tag and the first layer RFID tag at the new placement point, and the chain tracking module updates the position information of the second layer RFID tag.

[0058] The present application can realize the synchronous reading and binding relationship establishment of the carrier and the sample by setting the binding operation station, and write the binding relationship into the hierarchical data structure of the system. When the carrier object is placed in the tracking area (such as a shelf, a track, a storage area) arranged with a UHF read-write antenna array, the real-time spatial position information thereof can be obtained through a UHF positioning algorithm, and then the position sensing capability of all the bound low-frequency samples is indirectly obtained through the pre-established binding relationship.

[0059] The chain tracking module of the present application can record each binding, unbinding, migration and confirmation operation in the data structure, ensure that all sample flow behaviors have traceability and verifiability, and significantly improve the data integrity and operation safety of the identification tracking. Compared with the prior art, the present application can overcome the natural technical limitations of low-frequency RFID in spatial sensing; can realize spatial positioning of low-frequency samples by using high-frequency carriers; can avoid arranging low-frequency antennas for each sample position point in the tracking area, greatly reducing the deployment and maintenance cost; can realize sample hierarchical binding, dynamic state updating and tracking whole process information management; can improve the identification accuracy, scalability and automation level of the system; can be applied to various high-density small-volume management scenes such as biological samples, medical devices and precision components.

[0060] In summary, the present application applied to identification tracking can realize the target tracking of automation, low cost and traceability.

[0061] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not used to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A dual-layer RFID-based identification and tracking system, characterized by, The system comprises: RFID tags, including first layer RFID tags and second layer RFID tags, the first layer RFID tags being ultra-high frequency RFID tags, the second layer RFID tags being low frequency RFID tags, high frequency RFID tags or ultra-high frequency RFID tags, the first layer RFID tags being installed on first layer objects, the second layer RFID tags being installed on second layer objects, the first layer objects being used to carry the second layer objects; RFID readers, including first layer RFID readers and second layer RFID readers, the first layer RFID readers being used to read information of the first layer RFID tags, the second layer RFID readers being used to read information of the second layer RFID tags; an information binding module, configured to establish or cancel a binding relationship between the first layer RFID tags and the second layer RFID tags by receiving tag information read by the RFID readers; a data management module, configured to store and update the binding relationship between the first layer RFID tags and the second layer RFID tags; a chain tracking module, configured to determine position information of the second layer RFID tags bound to the first layer RFID tags according to position information of the first layer RFID tags, so as to track the second layer objects by identifying the first layer objects.

2. The identification and tracking system based on double layer RFID according to claim 1, wherein: the information binding module is configured to establish or cancel the binding relationship between the first layer RFID tags and the second layer RFID tags by receiving the tag information read by the RFID readers, and the information binding module is configured to: generate a binding record when the information binding module detects that the first layer RFID readers and the second layer RFID readers respectively read information of the first layer RFID tags and information of the second layer RFID tags in a same binding operation area within a binding period, the binding record comprising a unique identifier of the first layer RFID tags, a unique identifier of the second layer RFID tags, a binding time stamp and a binding event number; generate an unbinding record when the information binding module detects that only one of the first layer RFID tags and the second layer RFID tags in a bound state is read by an RFID reader within an unbinding period, the unbinding record comprising a unique identifier of the second layer RFID tags, a unique identifier of the first layer RFID tags originally bound, an unbinding time stamp and an unbinding event number.

3. The identification and tracking system based on double layer RFID according to claim 2, wherein: the data management module is configured to store and update the binding relationship between the first layer RFID tags and the second layer RFID tags, and the data management module is configured to: The data management module stores and updates the binding relationship of the first layer RFID tag and the second layer RFID tag by using a multi-level identification data structure model, and the multi-level identification data structure model is constructed by using a tree structure or a graph structure, taking the first layer RFID tag as a parent node and taking the second layer RFID tag bound to the first layer RFID tag as a child node.

4. The dual-layer RFID-based identification tracking system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The position information of the second layer RFID tag bound to the first layer RFID tag is determined according to the position information of the first layer RFID tag, and the determination includes: When the first layer RFID tag enters the tracking area provided with the first layer RFID reader, the first layer RFID reader continuously reads the information of the first layer RFID tag and sends the information to the spatial positioning system, and the spatial positioning system calculates the position coordinates of the first layer RFID tag; The chain tracking module associates the position coordinates of the first layer RFID tag with the unique identifier of the first layer RFID tag to generate a first layer position record, and the first layer position record includes the unique identifier of the first layer RFID tag, the current position coordinates and the current position record timestamp; The chain tracking module obtains the binding relationship list of all second layer RFID tags with the first layer RFID tag as the parent node from the data management module; For each second layer RFID tag in the binding relationship list, the chain tracking module updates the position information field to the position coordinates of the current first layer RFID tag, and generates or updates a second layer position record in the tracking log, and the second layer position record includes the unique identifier of the second layer RFID tag, the unique identifier of the first layer RFID tag of the parent node, the current position coordinates and the current position record timestamp.

5. The dual-layer RFID-based identification tracking system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The tracking of the second layer object is realized by identifying the first layer object, and the realization includes: The chain tracking module synchronizes data with the information management platform through a bidirectional communication interface, and the information management platform is deployed on a local server or in the cloud and opens an event receiving interface, a state query interface and a link backtracking interface; After generating or updating the second layer position record, the chain tracking module pushes an event package to the information management platform through the event receiving interface, and the event package includes the unique identifier of the second layer RFID tag, the unique identifier of the first layer RFID tag to which the second layer RFID tag belongs, the current position coordinates, the current position record timestamp, and the information management platform writes the received event package into a second layer RFID tag unique identifier flow log. When the terminal or external system calls the state query interface, the information management platform queries the location coordinates and the first layer RFID tag in the last event package according to the unique identifier of the second layer RFID tag carried in the request, and feeds back the query result to the querying party; When the terminal or external system calls the link backtracking interface and specifies a time period and the unique identifier of the second layer RFID tag, the information management platform retrieves the flow log according to the timestamp, generates link data containing all event packages in the specified time period, and feeds back the link data to the calling party.

6. The dual-layer RFID-based identification tracking system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The identification tracking system further comprises a binding operation station, the binding operation station is provided with a placement point for placing the first layer object, each placement point is provided with one or more than two first layer RFID antennas and one or more than two second layer RFID antennas, the first layer RFID antennas are connected with the first layer RFID reader-writer, and the second layer RFID antennas are connected with the second layer RFID reader-writer.

7. The dual-layer RFID-based identification tracking system according to claim 6, characterized in that: An electromagnetic shielding mechanism is arranged between adjacent placement points, and the electromagnetic shielding mechanism is used to prevent RFID signals between different placement points from interfering with each other.

8. The dual-layer RFID-based identification tracking system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first layer object is a container, and the first layer RFID tag is pasted or embedded on the container; The second layer object is a sample, and the second layer RFID tag is implanted or fixed on the sample after being encapsulated by a glass tube, a polymer coating material, a card or a shell.

9. The dual-layer RFID-based identification tracking system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The placement point is a groove structure, when the container is placed in the placement point, the top of the container is located outside the top of the groove structure, the first layer RFID tag is arranged on the side of the container, the first layer RFID antenna is arranged on the side of the groove structure, and the second layer RFID antenna is arranged on the side and / or bottom of the groove structure.

10. An identification tracking method based on the dual-layer RFID-based identification tracking system according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: When the binding operation is performed, the first layer object is placed at any placement point of the binding operation table, the first layer RFID antenna of the placement point reads the information of the first layer RFID tag on the first layer object, the second layer object is placed into the first layer object, the second layer RFID antenna of the placement point reads the information of the second layer RFID tag on the second layer object, the information binding module receives the tag information uploaded by the first layer RFID read-write device and the second layer RFID read-write device, establishes the binding relationship between the first layer RFID tag and the second layer RFID tag at the same placement point within the binding period, generates the binding record and sends it to the data management module, the data management module updates the multi-layer identification data structure model according to the binding record, and stores the first layer RFID tag and the second layer RFID tag in association as a parent node and a child node; When the tracking operation is performed, the first layer RFID read-write device continuously reads the first layer RFID tag when the first layer object enters the tracking area, the spatial positioning system calculates the position coordinates and sends them to the chain tracking module, the chain tracking module synchronizes the position coordinates of the first layer RFID tag to the second layer RFID tag based on the binding relationship in the data management module, generates the position record and the tracking log, and uploads them to the information management platform; When the transfer operation is performed, the second layer object carried by the first layer object is moved from the original placement point to the new placement point, the second layer RFID tag is not detected by the second layer RFID antenna of the original placement point within the binding period, the information binding module generates the unbinding record and sends it to the data management module, the data management module cancels the original binding relationship, and at the new placement point, the above binding operation is repeated to establish the binding relationship between the second layer RFID tag and the first layer RFID tag of the new placement point, and the chain tracking module updates the position information of the second layer RFID tag.

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