A fuel cell stack loading control method and device, electronic equipment and vehicle

Abstract

The application relates to a fuel cell stack loading control method and device, electronic equipment and vehicle, which comprises the following steps: acquiring system demand power data of a fuel cell stack and current power generation power data of the fuel cell stack; controlling the fuel cell stack loading based on the system demand power data and the current power generation power data; acquiring the lowest value of the in-plane potential distribution of a fuel cell monomer and the lowest allowable voltage threshold value of the fuel cell monomer; and adjusting the loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the lowest value of the potential distribution and the lowest allowable voltage threshold value. Through the embodiment of the application, the fuel cell stack loading is controlled according to the power and voltage values in the fuel cell stack, and the loading speed is accurately adjusted, so that the fuel cell stack loading is controllable, and the stack attenuation is slowed down.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and specifically to a fuel cell stack loading control method, device, electronic equipment, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] In daily life, a fuel cell stack (hereinafter referred to as a stack) is a device that converts the chemical energy contained in hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy for external output. The reaction product is water, making it environmentally friendly and efficient, and an ideal stationary power generation or vehicle-mounted power device. Within a fuel cell stack, there is unevenness between individual cells and within each cell due to uneven material distribution. While unevenness between individual cells can be checked using a fuel cell stack cell voltage monitoring system, unevenness within individual cells is often difficult to detect. When the fuel cell stack is under dynamic loading and unloading, especially during loading, the unevenness within the cells becomes more severe. Statistics show that dynamic loading and unloading processes account for 28% of the factors contributing to the lifespan degradation of fuel cell stacks.

[0003] Conventional fuel cell stack load control methods mostly only consider the system response rate, while ignoring the changes and interpretations of the stack's state during load changes, which can lead to excessively rapid stack degradation in some cases.

[0004] In existing technologies, a method for controlling fuel cell loading has been disclosed. This method primarily uses simulation calculations to adjust the stack load variation rate by determining the concentration of reactant gases on the fuel cell electrode surface, thereby preventing gas shortages within the stack and potentially extending its lifespan. However, this method, which relies solely on calculations without sensor monitoring, depends on both high-precision simulation models and substantial computational resources. Building such high-precision simulation models requires significant development resources, and the dynamic load variation process of the fuel cell stack changes rapidly, making it difficult to guarantee sufficient computational speed under current technological conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One objective of this invention is to provide a fuel cell stack loading control method to solve the problems of neglecting the changes in the state of the stack itself during variable load processes and the excessively rapid degradation of the stack in the prior art; a second objective is to provide a fuel cell stack loading control device; a third objective is to provide a fuel cell stack single-cell potential distribution testing device; a fourth objective is to provide an electronic device; and a fifth objective is to provide a vehicle.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A fuel cell stack loading control method, the method comprising:

[0008] Obtain the system power demand data of the fuel cell stack and the current power generation data of the fuel cell stack;

[0009] The loading of the fuel cell stack is controlled based on the system power demand data and the current power generation data.

[0010] Obtain the minimum in-plane potential distribution of the fuel cell cell and the minimum allowable voltage threshold of the fuel cell cell;

[0011] The loading rate of the fuel cell stack is adjusted based on the lowest potential distribution value and the lowest permissible voltage threshold.

[0012] Optionally, controlling the loading of the fuel cell stack based on the system demand power data and the current power generation data includes:

[0013] Determine whether the current power generation data is less than the system demand data;

[0014] When it is determined that the current power generation data is less than the system's required power data, the loading of the fuel cell stack is controlled.

[0015] Optionally, controlling the loading of the fuel cell stack when it is determined that the current power generation data is less than the system demand power data includes:

[0016] Determine the power difference data between the current power generation data and the system demand power data;

[0017] The initial loading rate of the fuel cell stack is generated based on the power difference data;

[0018] The fuel cell stack is controlled to be loaded according to the initial loading rate.

[0019] Optionally, generating the initial loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the power difference data includes:

[0020] Obtain the first proportional coefficient corresponding to the power difference data;

[0021] Multiplying the first proportional coefficient by the power difference data yields the initial loading rate of the fuel cell stack.

[0022] Optionally, adjusting the loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the lowest potential distribution value and the lowest permissible voltage threshold includes:

[0023] Determine the minimum potential difference between the minimum potential distribution value and the minimum allowable voltage threshold value;

[0024] The loading rate of the fuel cell stack is updated based on the minimum potential difference value.

[0025] Optionally, updating the loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the minimum potential difference value includes:

[0026] When the minimum potential difference value is equal to 0, the loading rate of the fuel cell stack is updated based on the power difference data between the current power generation data and the system demand power data;

[0027] When the minimum potential difference is not equal to 0, the loading rate of the fuel cell stack is updated based on the power difference data and the minimum potential difference.

[0028] Optionally, updating the loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the power difference data and the minimum potential difference when the minimum potential difference value is not equal to 0 includes:

[0029] The first update loading rate is determined based on the power difference data;

[0030] The second update loading rate is determined based on the minimum potential difference value;

[0031] The minimum value between the first update loading rate and the second update loading rate is determined as the target update loading rate;

[0032] The loading rate of the fuel cell stack is updated according to the target update loading rate.

[0033] Optionally, determining the second update loading rate based on the minimum potential difference value includes:

[0034] Obtain the second proportional coefficient corresponding to the minimum potential difference value;

[0035] The second update loading rate of the fuel cell stack is obtained based on the second proportional coefficient and the minimum potential difference value.

[0036] A fuel cell stack loading control device, the device comprising:

[0037] The power acquisition module is used to acquire the system power demand data of the fuel cell stack and the current power generation data of the fuel cell stack.

[0038] The loading module is used to control the loading of the fuel cell stack based on the system power demand data and the current power generation data;

[0039] The voltage acquisition module is used to acquire the minimum in-plane potential distribution of the fuel cell cell and the minimum allowable voltage threshold of the fuel cell cell.

[0040] The loading rate update module is used to adjust the loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the lowest potential distribution value and the lowest allowable voltage threshold.

[0041] A fuel cell stack single-cell potential distribution testing device is provided, which is used to measure the minimum in-plane potential distribution of a single fuel cell for a fuel cell stack loading control device. The fuel cell stack single-cell potential distribution testing device includes:

[0042] A positive electrode potential distribution patch device is used to make close contact with the cathode of the fuel cell unit;

[0043] A negative electrode potential distribution patch device is used to make close contact with the anode of the fuel cell unit;

[0044] The number of negative potential distribution patches on the positive potential distribution patch sub-device is the same as the number of negative potential distribution patches on the negative potential distribution patch sub-device, and the arrangement of the positive potential distribution patches and the negative potential distribution patches is axially symmetrical.

[0045] An electronic device, comprising:

[0046] processor;

[0047] Memory used to store processor-executable instructions;

[0048] The processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement the fuel cell stack loading control method described above.

[0049] A computer-readable storage medium, when the instructions in the storage medium are executed by a processor of a mobile terminal, enables the mobile terminal to perform the fuel cell stack loading control method described above.

[0050] A vehicle that includes the electronic equipment described above.

[0051] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0052] In this embodiment of the invention, the system power demand data and the current power generation data of the fuel cell stack can be obtained; the loading of the fuel cell stack can be controlled based on the system power demand data and the current power generation data; the minimum value of the in-plane potential distribution of the fuel cell unit and the minimum allowable voltage threshold of the fuel cell unit can be obtained; the loading rate of the fuel cell stack can be adjusted based on the minimum value of the potential distribution and the minimum allowable voltage threshold, thereby realizing the control of the fuel cell stack loading according to the power and voltage values ​​in the fuel cell stack and the precise adjustment of the loading speed, making the fuel cell stack loading controllable and slowing down the stack degradation. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a fuel cell stack loading control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of another fuel cell stack loading control method in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of another fuel cell stack loading control method in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of another fuel cell stack loading control method in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell stack loading control device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 6a This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell stack single-cell potential distribution testing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 6b This is a schematic diagram of another fuel cell stack single-cell potential distribution testing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0061] The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention may involve the use of user data. In practical applications, user-specific personal data may be used in the scheme described herein within the scope permitted by applicable laws and regulations, provided that it complies with the applicable laws and regulations of the country (e.g., with the user's explicit consent, with the user being properly notified, etc.).

[0063] Reference Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a fuel cell stack loading control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0064] Step 101: Obtain the system power demand data and the current power generation data of the fuel cell stack;

[0065] In practical applications, the fuel cell stack is the core component of a fuel cell system. The function of the fuel cell stack is to directly convert the chemical energy stored in the fuel (hydrogen) and oxidant (oxygen from the air) into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction, while simultaneously generating water and heat. The stack is not a single component, but rather an assembly composed of hundreds of repeating units (single cells) stacked and compressed together in a series connection. The operation of the stack is the sum of the synchronous work of countless single cells. The fuel cell stack in this embodiment of the invention can provide electrical energy in vehicle scenarios.

[0066] Among them, the system power demand data of the fuel cell stack is the total power target value that the entire fuel cell system needs to output; the current power generation data of the fuel cell stack is the actual power generation output of the fuel cell stack measured in real time by sensors.

[0067] Step 102: Control the loading of the fuel cell stack based on the system demand power data and the current power generation data;

[0068] After obtaining the system power demand data and the current power generation data, it can be determined whether fuel cell stack loading can be triggered based on the data relationship between them. If loading is determined to be possible, the fuel cell stack loading can be controlled based on the system power demand data and the current power generation data. Fuel cell stack loading refers to the process of orderly increasing the current output of the fuel cell stack (thereby increasing the output power) according to external power demand. The opposite process to fuel cell stack loading is load shedding.

[0069] Step 103: Obtain the minimum in-plane potential distribution of the fuel cell and the minimum allowable voltage threshold of the fuel cell.

[0070] In this invention, the lowest value of the in-plane potential distribution of a single fuel cell is determined at a certain time t, which is the lowest voltage value among all single cells in the entire fuel cell stack. This can be achieved by using a fuel cell stack single-cell potential distribution testing device to test the fuel cell and determine the lowest in-plane potential distribution value. The fuel cell stack single-cell potential distribution testing device includes a positive electrode potential distribution patch device for close contact with the cathode of the fuel cell cell and a negative electrode potential distribution patch device for close contact with the anode of the fuel cell cell. The number of positive and negative electrode potential distribution patches is the same, and their arrangement is axially symmetrical.

[0071] The minimum permissible voltage threshold of a fuel cell is not a fixed physical constant, but a protective parameter set by the system designer. The minimum permissible voltage threshold of a fuel cell can be determined based on a large number of experiments and experiences.

[0072] Step 104: Adjust the loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the minimum potential distribution value and the minimum allowable voltage threshold.

[0073] After obtaining the minimum potential distribution value and the minimum allowable voltage threshold, the loading rate of the fuel cell stack can be precisely adjusted by analyzing the numerical relationship between the minimum potential distribution value and the minimum allowable voltage threshold.

[0074] This invention provides a fuel cell stack loading control method and apparatus. The method takes into account both the system response rate during loading and the internal state of the stack, thereby improving the lifespan of the stack.

[0075] In this embodiment of the invention, the system power demand data and the current power generation data of the fuel cell stack can be obtained; the loading of the fuel cell stack can be controlled based on the system power demand data and the current power generation data; the minimum value of the in-plane potential distribution of the fuel cell unit and the minimum allowable voltage threshold of the fuel cell unit can be obtained; the loading rate of the fuel cell stack can be adjusted based on the minimum value of the potential distribution and the minimum allowable voltage threshold, thereby realizing the control of the fuel cell stack loading according to the power and voltage values ​​in the fuel cell stack and the precise adjustment of the loading speed, making the fuel cell stack loading controllable and slowing down the stack degradation.

[0076] Reference Figure 2 The flowchart illustrates another fuel cell stack loading control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0077] Step 201: Obtain the system power demand data and the current power generation data of the fuel cell stack;

[0078] Step 202: Determine whether the current power generation data is less than the system demand power data;

[0079] Step 203: When it is determined that the current power generation data is less than the system demand power data, control the loading of the fuel cell stack.

[0080] When the current power generation is less than the system demand, an error signal is generated (the difference between the current power generation and the system demand). This error signal drives the controller to coordinate the operation of each actuator, changing the input conditions of the fuel cell stack, thereby increasing its output power P(t) and achieving loading. The ultimate goal is to make the current power generation equal to the system demand, so that the error δP(t) approaches zero. When the current power generation equals the system demand, the loading process terminates.

[0081] In one embodiment of the present invention, when it is determined that the current power generation data is less than the system demand power data, the loading of the fuel cell stack is controlled, including: determining the power difference data between the current power generation data and the system demand power data; generating an initial loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the power difference data; and controlling the fuel cell stack to be loaded according to the initial loading rate.

[0082] Specifically, the initial loading rate is calculated as follows: obtain the first proportional coefficient corresponding to the power difference data; multiply the first proportional coefficient by the power difference data to obtain the initial loading rate of the fuel cell stack.

[0083] That is, the power difference data = system demand power data - current power generation data.

[0084] Initial loading rate = first proportional coefficient * power difference data.

[0085] Step 204: Obtain the minimum in-plane potential distribution of the fuel cell and the minimum allowable voltage threshold of the fuel cell;

[0086] Step 205: Adjust the loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the lowest potential distribution value and the lowest allowable voltage threshold.

[0087] In this embodiment of the invention, the loading of the fuel cell stack is controlled according to the power and voltage values ​​in the fuel cell stack, and the loading speed is precisely adjusted, so that the loading of the fuel cell stack is controllable and the stack degradation is slowed down.

[0088] Reference Figure 3 The flowchart illustrates another fuel cell stack loading control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0089] Step 301: Obtain the system power demand data and the current power generation data of the fuel cell stack;

[0090] Step 302: Control the loading of the fuel cell stack based on the system demand power data and the current power generation data;

[0091] Step 303: Obtain the minimum in-plane potential distribution of the fuel cell and the minimum allowable voltage threshold of the fuel cell;

[0092] Among them, the lowest value of the potential distribution in the plane of a single fuel cell is obtained at a certain time t, which is the value of the lowest potential difference among the different single cell potential distributions in the entire stack.

[0093] Step 304: Determine the minimum potential difference between the minimum potential distribution value and the minimum allowable voltage threshold;

[0094] In practical applications, the absolute value of the difference between the minimum potential distribution value and the minimum allowable voltage threshold can be determined and used as the minimum potential difference value.

[0095] Step 305: Update the loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the minimum potential difference.

[0096] In one embodiment of the present invention, updating the loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the minimum potential difference includes: when the minimum potential difference is equal to 0, updating the loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the power difference data between the current power generation data and the system demand power data; when the minimum potential difference is not equal to 0, updating the loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the power difference data and the minimum potential difference.

[0097] In practical applications, the difference between the lowest potential Umin(t) in the cell at the current time t and the lowest allowable voltage threshold U is δUmin(t) = |U - Umin(t)|.

[0098] When δUmin(t)=0, i.e. Umin(t)=U, the fuel cell controller FCCU only needs to consider the power difference δP(t) when updating the stack loading rate.

[0099] When δUmin(t)≠0, i.e., Umin(t)≠U, the fuel cell controller (FCCU) needs to consider both the minimum potential difference δUmin(t) and the power difference δP(t) when updating the stack loading rate. The updated loading rate ΔP(t) = min[ΔP(t)]. P , ΔP(t) U ], where ΔPt P The loading rate, ΔPt, is updated based on the difference δP(t) between the current power P(t) of the fuel cell stack and the system's required power Pd. U The loading rate is updated based on the minimum difference δUmin(t) within the individual surface of the fuel cell stack.

[0100] This method takes into account both the stability of power loading and the minimum potential difference inside the fuel cell stack, which is beneficial for protecting the fuel cell stack.

[0101] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the minimum potential difference is not equal to 0, the loading rate of the fuel cell stack is updated based on the power difference data and the minimum potential difference, including: determining a first updated loading rate based on the power difference data; determining a second updated loading rate based on the minimum potential difference; determining the minimum value of the first updated loading rate and the second updated loading rate as the target updated loading rate; and updating the loading rate of the fuel cell stack according to the target updated loading rate.

[0102] In one embodiment of the present invention, determining the second update loading rate based on the minimum potential difference includes: obtaining a second proportional coefficient corresponding to the minimum potential difference; and obtaining the second update loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the second proportional coefficient and the minimum potential difference.

[0103] In this embodiment of the invention, a method for updating the loading rate is as follows:

[0104] When δUmin(t) = |U - Umin(t)| ≠ 0, the first update loading rate ΔP(t) is calculated based on the power difference between the fuel cell stack and the system. P = ΔP(t–1) + K1{Kp1[δP(t)–δP(t-1)] + Kt1δP(t) + Kd1[δP(t) - 2δP(t-1) +δP(t-2)]}, where δP(t), δP(t-1), and δP(t-2) are the power differences at the current time t, the previous time t-1, and the time before that t-2, respectively. The second update loading rate ΔP(t) is calculated based on the minimum potential difference. U =ΔP(t–1) + K2{Kp2[δUmin(t)–δUmin(t-1)] + Kt2δUmin(t) + Kd2[δUmin(t) -2δUmin(t-1) +δUmin(t-2)]}, where δUmin(t), δUmin(t-1), and δUmin(t-2) are the minimum potential differences at the current time t, the previous time t-1, and the time before that t-2, respectively. Compare this to ΔP(t). P With ΔP(t) U To determine the target update loading rate, ΔP(t) = min[ΔP(t)]. P , ΔP(t) U ].

[0105] Where K1, K2, Kp1, Kp2, Kd1, and Kd2 are all control coefficients calibrated offline, and the time interval Δt between t and t-1 and between t-1 and t-2 is equal to the system's inherent sampling period T.

[0106] Reference Figure 4The flowchart of a fuel cell stack loading control method according to an embodiment of the present invention may include the following steps:

[0107] Step 401: Obtain the power generation P(t) of the fuel cell stack;

[0108] Step 402: Obtain the required power Pd of the fuel cell system;

[0109] Step 403: Calculate whether the difference δP(t) = Pd – P(t) between the stack's generated power P(t) and the system's required power Pd is less than 0. If δP(t) < 0, proceed to step 404. Otherwise, do not perform loading.

[0110] Step 404: The fuel cell stack is first loaded with ΔP0 = K1δP(t); where K1 (proportional gain) is a constant, called the proportional gain or proportional coefficient, which determines the system's response speed to errors and the "strength" of the control action. A larger K1 results in a more sensitive system response, greater adjustment force, and faster approach to the target, but also a greater likelihood of overshoot (overshooting) and oscillations (fluctuating around the target value). A smaller K1 results in a smoother system response, smaller adjustment force, and a more stable process, but takes longer to reach the target.

[0111] Step 405: The FCCU simultaneously reads the minimum potential Umin(t) obtained by the in-plane potential distribution test device of the fuel cell stack.

[0112] Step 406: Calculate whether the difference between the minimum potential difference Umin(t) and the minimum threshold U, δUmin(t) = |U - Umin(t)|, is equal to 0.

[0113] Step 407: If δUmin(t) = 0, then when updating the loading rate, only the power difference δP(t) is considered.

[0114] Step 408: If δUmin(t)≠0, then when updating the loading rate, the minimum potential difference δUmin(t) and the power difference δP(t) need to be considered together.

[0115] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the described order of actions, because according to the embodiments of the present invention, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions involved are not necessarily essential to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0116] Reference Figure 5The diagram below illustrates a fuel cell stack loading control method according to an embodiment of the present invention, specifically including the following steps:

[0117] The power acquisition module 501 is used to acquire the system power demand data of the fuel cell stack and the current power generation data of the fuel cell stack.

[0118] Loading module 502 is used to control the loading of the fuel cell stack based on the system power demand data and the current power generation data;

[0119] The voltage acquisition module 503 is used to acquire the minimum value of the in-plane potential distribution of the fuel cell cell and the minimum allowable voltage threshold of the fuel cell cell.

[0120] The loading rate update module 504 is used to adjust the loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the minimum potential distribution value and the minimum allowable voltage threshold.

[0121] In one embodiment of the present invention, the loading module 502 may include:

[0122] The power comparison submodule is used to determine whether the current power generation data is less than the system demand power data;

[0123] The fuel cell stack loading submodule is used to control the loading of the fuel cell stack when it is determined that the current power generation data is less than the system demand power data.

[0124] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cell stack loading submodule may include:

[0125] A power difference unit is used to determine the power difference data between the current power generation data and the system demand power data;

[0126] An initial loading rate unit is used to determine the initial loading rate for generating the fuel cell stack based on the power difference data;

[0127] A rate loading unit is used to control the fuel cell stack to be loaded according to the initial loading rate.

[0128] In one embodiment of the present invention, the initial loading rate unit may include:

[0129] The first proportional coefficient determination subunit is used to obtain the first proportional coefficient corresponding to the power difference data;

[0130] The initial loading rate determination subunit is used to multiply the first proportional coefficient by the power difference data to obtain the initial loading rate of the fuel cell stack.

[0131] In one embodiment of the present invention, the loading rate update module 504 may include:

[0132] The minimum potential difference determination submodule is used to determine the minimum potential difference between the minimum potential distribution value and the minimum allowable voltage threshold value;

[0133] The loading rate update submodule is used to update the loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the minimum potential difference value.

[0134] In one embodiment of the present invention, the loading rate update submodule may include:

[0135] The first loading rate update unit is used to update the loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the power difference data between the current power generation data and the system demand power data when the minimum potential difference value is equal to 0.

[0136] The second loading rate update unit is used to update the loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the power difference data and the minimum potential difference when the minimum potential difference value is not equal to 0.

[0137] In one embodiment of the present invention, the second loading rate update unit may include:

[0138] The first loading rate determination subunit is used to determine the first update loading rate based on the power difference data;

[0139] The second loading rate determination subunit is used to determine the second update loading rate based on the minimum potential difference value;

[0140] The target update loading rate determination subunit is used to determine the minimum value between the first update loading rate and the second update loading rate as the target update loading rate.

[0141] The rate update subunit is used to update the loading rate of the fuel cell stack according to the target update loading rate.

[0142] In one embodiment of the present invention, the second loading rate determining subunit includes:

[0143] The second proportional coefficient determination block is used to obtain the second proportional coefficient corresponding to the minimum potential difference value;

[0144] The second update loading rate block is used to obtain the second update loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the second proportional coefficient and the minimum potential difference value.

[0145] In this embodiment of the invention, system power demand data and current power generation data of the fuel cell stack can be obtained; the loading of the fuel cell stack can be controlled based on the system power demand data and the current power generation data; the lowest value of the in-plane potential distribution of the fuel cell unit and the lowest allowable voltage threshold of the fuel cell unit can be obtained; the loading rate of the fuel cell stack can be adjusted based on the lowest value of the potential distribution and the lowest allowable voltage threshold, thereby realizing the control of fuel cell stack loading according to the power and voltage values ​​in the fuel cell stack and the precise adjustment of the loading speed, making the fuel cell stack loading controllable and slowing down the stack degradation.

[0146] This invention also provides a fuel cell stack single-cell potential distribution testing device, which is used to measure the minimum in-plane potential distribution of a single fuel cell for a fuel cell stack loading control device, such as... Figure 6a As shown, the fuel cell stack single-cell potential distribution testing device includes:

[0147] The positive electrode potential distribution patch device 601 is used to make close contact with the cathode of the fuel cell cell;

[0148] The negative electrode potential distribution patch device 602 is used to make close contact with the anode of the fuel cell unit;

[0149] The number of positive potential distribution patches 603 on the positive potential distribution patch sub-device 601 is the same as the number of negative potential distribution patches 603 on the negative potential distribution patch sub-device 602, and the arrangement of the positive potential distribution patches and the negative potential distribution patches is axially symmetrical.

[0150] Reference Figure 6b This is another fuel cell stack single-cell potential distribution testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The positive electrode potential distribution patch device 601 and the negative electrode potential distribution patch device 602 are located on the positive and negative electrode sides of the fuel cell single-cell, respectively. Potential acquisition patches 302 distributed in their planes are in close contact with the positive and negative electrodes of the fuel cell single-cell 604, respectively. The potential distribution patches 603 are distributed along the airflow direction, with sparser patches at the front and denser patches at the back. The potential acquisition patches in each region of the positive and negative electrode fixtures are connected to the potential distribution acquisition device 605 via independent wires. When the stack is operating normally, the potential Ui of a certain region i in its plane is determined by the voltage difference between the positive and negative electrode patches at the same position, Ui = Uic - Uia, Umin = min[U1, U2, U3, ..., Ui]. The in-plane potential distribution of the fuel cell single-cell can be obtained by calculating the potentials at all patch positions.

[0151] Optionally, the potential acquisition patch can also be directly attached to the positive and negative electrode plates of the fuel cell cell.

[0152] During the reaction, both the positive and negative electrodes of the fuel cell exhibit polarization deviating from equilibrium. The electrode potentials can be described by the Butler-Volmer equation: I = ja ( ), I = jc ( In this equation, I represents the forward net current density, jc and ja represent the exchange current densities during the oxygen reduction and hydrogen oxidation reactions at the positive and negative electrodes of the fuel cell, respectively, α is the activity coefficient, and η is the activation overpotential. The exchange current density j is related to factors such as reactant concentration and the size of the activation energy barrier. The negative electrode exchange current density ja is much greater than the positive electrode exchange current density jc. Simultaneously, due to reactant consumption, the oxygen concentration downstream of the air decreases significantly, thus the activation overpotential in the downstream region will increase significantly. During the loading process, due to the increase in current density, the reactant concentration in the downstream region will further decrease, and the activation overpotential will further increase. When the activation overpotential increases, the fuel cell power generation efficiency will decrease, heat generation will increase, and significant damage will be caused to the catalyst and proton exchange membrane in this region. Therefore, the number of potential acquisition patches gradually increases along the airflow direction.

[0153] The potential acquisition patches in the positive and negative electrode planes are insulated from each other and are connected to the potential acquisition device through independent wires. The potential at the i-th position in the plane is Ui = Uci – Uai, where Uci is the positive potential and Uai is the negative potential.

[0154] The fuel cell stack loading control method provided by this invention takes into account both the dynamic response rate and the non-uniform characteristics inside the stack during the loading process, thereby obtaining the optimal loading method and extending the stack life as much as possible.

[0155] The device in this embodiment of the invention ensures both the accuracy of the internal distribution characteristics of the fuel cell stack and the requirements for the internal distribution arrangement of the fuel cell stack.

[0156] As the device embodiment is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and relevant parts can be found in the description of the method embodiment.

[0157] This invention also provides an electronic device, such as... Figure 7 As shown, it includes a processor 701, a device interface 702, a memory 703, and a bus 704;

[0158] Memory 703 is used to store computer programs;

[0159] The processor 701 performs the above steps when executing the program stored in the memory 703.

[0160] The bus mentioned in the above terminal can be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. This bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is used to represent it in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0161] The memory may include random access memory (RAM) or non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. Optionally, the memory may also be at least one storage device located remotely from the aforementioned processor.

[0162] The processors mentioned above can be general-purpose processors, including central processing units (CPUs), network processors (NPs), etc.; they can also be digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components.

[0163] The present invention also provides a storage medium that, when the instructions in the storage medium are executed by the processor of an electronic device, enables the electronic device to execute a fuel cell stack loading control method of the foregoing embodiments.

[0164] As the device embodiment is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and relevant parts can be found in the description of the method embodiment.

[0165] The algorithms and displays provided herein are not inherently related to any particular computer, virtual device, or other equipment. The structure required to construct such a device is readily apparent from the above description. Furthermore, this invention is not directed to any particular programming language. It should be understood that the contents of the invention described herein can be implemented using various programming languages, and the above description of specific languages ​​is for the purpose of disclosing the best mode of implementation of the invention.

[0166] Numerous specific details are set forth in the specification provided herein. However, it will be understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0167] Similarly, it should be understood that, in order to simplify the invention and aid in understanding one or more of the various inventive aspects, in the above description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof. However, this method of disclosure should not be construed as reflecting an intention that the claimed invention requires more features than expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as reflected in the following claims, inventive aspects lie in fewer than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, wherein each claim itself is a separate embodiment of the invention.

[0168] Those skilled in the art will understand that modules in the device of the embodiments can be adaptively changed and placed in one or more devices different from that embodiment. Modules, units, or components in the embodiments can be combined into a single module, unit, or component, and further, they can be divided into multiple sub-modules, sub-units, or sub-components. Except where at least some of such features and / or processes or units are mutually exclusive, any combination can be used to combine all features disclosed in this specification (including the accompanying claims, abstract, and drawings) and all processes or units of any method or device so disclosed. Unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed in this specification (including the accompanying claims, abstract, and drawings) may be replaced by an alternative feature that serves the same, equivalent, or similar purpose.

[0169] The various component embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, or as software modules running on one or more processors, or a combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will understand that microprocessors or digital signal processors (DSPs) can be used in practice to implement some or all of the functions of some or all of the components in the sorting device according to the present invention. The present invention can also be implemented as a device or apparatus program for performing part or all of the methods described herein. Such a program implementing the present invention can be stored on a computer-readable medium, or can be in the form of one or more signals. Such signals can be downloaded from an Internet website, provided on a carrier signal, or provided in any other form.

[0170] It should be noted that the above embodiments are illustrative of the invention and not restrictive, and that those skilled in the art can devise alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses should not be construed as limiting the claims. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in the claims. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The invention can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several different elements and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, and third, etc., does not indicate any order. These words can be interpreted as names.

[0171] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the devices, apparatuses, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0172] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0173] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0174] It should be noted that the various data-related processes in the embodiments of this application are carried out in compliance with the relevant data protection laws and policies of the country where the location is located, and with the authorization granted by the owner of the corresponding device.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the loading of a fuel cell stack, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the system power demand data of the fuel cell stack and the current power generation data of the fuel cell stack; The loading of the fuel cell stack is controlled based on the system power demand data and the current power generation data. Obtain the minimum in-plane potential distribution of the fuel cell cell and the minimum allowable voltage threshold of the fuel cell cell; Determine the minimum potential difference between the minimum potential distribution value and the minimum allowable voltage threshold value; The loading rate of the fuel cell stack is updated based on the minimum potential difference value; The step of updating the loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the minimum potential difference value includes: When the minimum potential difference value is equal to 0, the loading rate of the fuel cell stack is updated based on the power difference data between the current power generation data and the system demand power data; When the minimum potential difference is not equal to 0, the loading rate of the fuel cell stack is updated based on the power difference data and the minimum potential difference.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control of the fuel cell stack loading based on the system demand power data and the current power generation data includes: Determine whether the current power generation data is less than the system demand data; When it is determined that the current power generation data is less than the system's required power data, the loading of the fuel cell stack is controlled.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of controlling the loading of the fuel cell stack when it is determined that the current power generation data is less than the system demand power data includes: Determine the power difference data between the current power generation data and the system demand power data; The initial loading rate of the fuel cell stack is generated based on the power difference data; The fuel cell stack is controlled to be loaded according to the initial loading rate.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of generating the initial loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the power difference data includes: Obtain the first proportional coefficient corresponding to the power difference data; Multiplying the first proportional coefficient by the power difference data yields the initial loading rate of the fuel cell stack.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the minimum potential difference is not equal to 0, updating the loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the power difference data and the minimum potential difference includes: The first update loading rate is determined based on the power difference data; The second update loading rate is determined based on the minimum potential difference value; The minimum value between the first update loading rate and the second update loading rate is determined as the target update loading rate; The loading rate of the fuel cell stack is updated according to the target update loading rate.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The determination of the second update loading rate based on the minimum potential difference includes: Obtain the second proportional coefficient corresponding to the minimum potential difference value; The second update loading rate of the fuel cell stack is obtained based on the second proportional coefficient and the minimum potential difference value.

7. A fuel cell stack loading control device, characterized in that, The device includes: The power acquisition module is used to acquire the system power demand data of the fuel cell stack and the current power generation data of the fuel cell stack. The loading module is used to control the loading of the fuel cell stack based on the system power demand data and the current power generation data; The voltage acquisition module is used to acquire the minimum in-plane potential distribution of the fuel cell cell and the minimum allowable voltage threshold of the fuel cell cell. A loading rate update module is used to adjust the loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the lowest potential distribution value and the lowest allowable voltage threshold. The loading rate update module includes: The minimum potential difference determination submodule is used to determine the minimum potential difference between the minimum potential distribution value and the minimum allowable voltage threshold value; The loading rate update submodule is used to update the loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the minimum potential difference value; The loading rate update submodule includes: The first loading rate update unit is used to update the loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the power difference data between the current power generation data and the system demand power data when the minimum potential difference value is equal to 0. The second loading rate update unit is used to update the loading rate of the fuel cell stack based on the power difference data and the minimum potential difference when the minimum potential difference value is not equal to 0.

8. A device for testing the potential distribution of a single fuel cell stack, characterized in that, The fuel cell stack single-cell potential distribution testing device is used to measure the minimum in-plane potential distribution of a single fuel cell for the fuel cell stack loading control device of claim 7. The fuel cell stack single-cell potential distribution testing device includes: A positive electrode potential distribution patch device is used to make close contact with the cathode of the fuel cell unit; A negative electrode potential distribution patch device is used to make close contact with the anode of the fuel cell unit; The number of positive potential distribution patches on the positive potential distribution patch sub-device is the same as the number of negative potential distribution patches on the negative potential distribution patch sub-device, and the arrangement of the positive potential distribution patches and the negative potential distribution patches is axially symmetrical.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: processor; Memory used to store processor-executable instructions; The processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement the fuel cell stack loading control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, When the instructions in the storage medium are executed by the processor of the mobile terminal, the mobile terminal is able to perform the fuel cell stack loading control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

11. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes the electronic equipment as described in claim 9.

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