Double-frequency GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) positioning antenna based on laminated steel sheet structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, and discloses a double-frequency GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) positioning antenna based on a laminated steel sheet structure, which comprises an antenna body, a radio frequency line, a bridge, a bottom steel sheet serving as an antenna radiation main body, a top steel sheet arranged at the top of the bottom steel sheet, four supporting legs respectively arranged at the bottom of the bottom steel sheet and the bottom of the top steel sheet, and a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) with a single-layer metal ground, the bottom steel sheet is arranged on the surface of the PCB through the supporting legs, the top steel sheet is arranged on the surface of the bottom steel sheet through the supporting legs, and the two heat dissipation units are adjacently arranged on the PCB. The magnesium alloy cooling fins are of the structure that the sharp ends absorb heat and the expanded tails dissipate heat, the light-weight design of the through grooves is matched, and disordered airflow is formed under the action of the air blowing unit. The limiting assembly guarantees the heat dissipation direction, the swing assembly achieves irregular swing through rod-groove linkage, steel sheet gaps and other areas prone to heat accumulation are fully covered, performance degradation caused by high temperature is avoided, the device adapts to the outdoor dynamic environment, and efficient self-adaptive heat dissipation is formed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a double-frequency GNSS positioning antenna based on a laminated steel sheet structure. BACKGROUND

[0003] With the continuous development of satellite positioning and its application fields, the research on antennas also brings more challenges. Positioning antennas mainly include microstrip antennas, spiral antennas and other special application antennas. The multi-piece lamination method uses multiple patches to be stacked in sequence to realize multi-band operation. The shape of the patch can be rectangular, circular or any shape. The working principle is that the resonant frequencies of different sizes of radiation patches are different, and stacking realizes multi-band operation. Such a laminated antenna needs to load a dielectric substrate between each layer of radiation patch to ensure that electromagnetic waves can be radiated from the normal direction. At the same time, the thickness and dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate also need to be considered. Too thick or too thin substrate will change the far-field radiation performance of the antenna and affect the impedance matching of the antenna.

[0004] At the same time, the positioning requirements of vehicles are also increasing, and the antenna needs to work in the L1 and L5 frequency bands. Most antennas use a laminated form, which requires a high space for the overall system. And most laminated antennas also use short-circuit metal columns, which increases the cost. Mass production will significantly increase the cost, which is not conducive to commercial application.

[0005] The current mainstream double-frequency antenna mostly adopts a laminated patch structure, and relies on a dielectric substrate to realize multi-band resonance. However, there are problems such as high profile, high cost and poor batch production adaptability. At the same time, outdoor equipment is long-term in complex electromagnetic environment and temperature fluctuation. The steel sheet and other metal radiators are easy to produce local heat due to ohmic loss, which leads to the decline of the electrical conductivity and affects the stability of L1 (1.575 GHz) and L5 (1.176 GHz) frequency band signal reception. Traditional heat dissipation design or increases the load of the equipment due to the bulky structure, or destroys the antenna radiation characteristics due to electromagnetic interference, making it difficult to balance the heat dissipation efficiency and communication performance. In addition, the impedance matching and frequency band isolation degree of the existing antenna are not optimized, which is easy to be affected by multipath interference in urban canyons and other scenes, and restricts the improvement of positioning accuracy. Therefore, it is an urgent need in the industry to develop a positioning antenna with double-frequency efficient reception, lightweight structure and adaptive heat dissipation function. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the problems in the prior art that traditional heat dissipation design or increases the load of the equipment due to the bulky structure, or destroys the antenna radiation characteristics due to electromagnetic interference, making it difficult to balance the heat dissipation efficiency and communication performance, a double-frequency GNSS positioning antenna based on a laminated steel sheet structure is proposed.

[0007] The purpose is to balance the heat dissipation efficiency and communication performance, improve the stability of dual-band signal reception, and adapt to the demand of outdoor mobile devices by optimizing the design of laminated steel sheet, innovating lightweight adaptive heat dissipation system and adopting low-cost structure.

[0008] The technical scheme of the present application is a kind of double frequency GNSS positioning antenna based on laminated steel sheet structure, including antenna body, radio frequency line and electric bridge, bottom steel sheet as antenna radiation main body, top steel sheet arranged on the top of bottom steel sheet, four supporting legs arranged on the bottom of bottom steel sheet and top steel sheet respectively, and PCB board with single layer metal ground, bottom steel sheet is arranged on the surface of PCB board through supporting leg, top steel sheet is arranged on the surface of bottom steel sheet through supporting leg, further including two heat dissipation units arranged on the PCB board; The heat dissipation unit includes a supporting rod arranged on the top of the PCB board, and a plurality of heat dissipation components linearly arranged on the supporting rod, the heat dissipation component includes a heat dissipation fin arranged on the supporting rod, the heat dissipation fin includes an end portion and a tail portion arranged on one side of the end portion, the end portion is pointed, the tail portion is outwardly expanded, the bending degrees of the two sides of the tail portion are different, and the two adjacent heat dissipation fins are arranged in positive and negative alternation. One side of the heat dissipation unit is provided with a blowing unit, and the blowing unit is used for blowing the heat dissipation unit to make the heat dissipation unit swing and dissipate heat to the bottom steel sheet and the top steel sheet.

[0009] Further, the end portion and the tail portion of the heat dissipation fin are smoothly connected, and a plurality of through grooves are linearly arranged in the tail portion.

[0010] Further, the heat dissipation unit further includes a limiting component arranged in the end portion, the limiting component includes a rotating hole penetratingly arranged in the end portion, a limiting groove arranged in the rotating hole, a limiting block arranged on the side wall of the supporting rod, and the limiting block is movably connected in the limiting groove.

[0011] Further, the heat dissipation unit further includes a swing component arranged on one side of the end portion, including a swing groove arranged on one side of the end portion, the swing groove is arc-shaped, and a swing rod arranged on one side of the end portion, the swing rod is slidably connected in the swing groove on one side of the adjacent heat dissipation fin.

[0012] Further, the height of the heat dissipation fin in the heat dissipation unit is the same as the height of the bottom steel sheet.

[0013] Further, the surface of the bottom steel sheet and the top steel sheet is provided with a rectangular port, and a steel sheet strip as a feedback wire is arranged at the rectangular port, the steel sheet strip directly extends into the bottom of the rectangular port and is connected with the radio frequency line through the solder pad and the electric bridge.

[0014] Further, the top steel sheet and the bottom steel sheet are further provided with a nylon gasket.

[0015] Furthermore, the top steel sheet is smaller than the bottom steel sheet, and both of them have through holes in their middle sections.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The magnesium alloy heat sink adopts a structure with a pointed end for heat absorption and an outward-expanding tail for heat dissipation. Combined with the lightweight design of the through slot, it forms a turbulent airflow under the action of the blowing unit. The limiting component ensures the heat dissipation direction, and the swing component achieves irregular swing through the linkage of the rod and slot, fully covering areas prone to heat accumulation such as steel plate gaps, avoiding performance degradation caused by high temperature, adapting to outdoor dynamic environments, and forming efficient adaptive heat dissipation.

[0017] 2. By using the size difference between the top steel sheet and the bottom steel sheet and the through hole design in the middle, it is adapted to the L1 and L5 dual-band resonance requirements. The rectangular opening and the long strip of steel sheet feeding structure improve impedance matching and frequency band isolation. The nylon pad replaces the PCB substrate, reducing dielectric loss and improving radiation efficiency, ensuring stable reception of dual-frequency signals, enhancing positioning accuracy, and optimizing dual-frequency communication performance.

[0018] 3. The material reduction design of the laminated steel sheets (through holes, miniaturized top steel sheets) and the support fixing structure reduce the overall weight. The heat dissipation system has no additional electronic components, balancing low cost and high reliability. The low profile and easy assembly features make it suitable for mobile devices such as shared bicycles, enhancing commercial application value while ensuring performance, and ensuring a balance between lightweight and practicality. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the positioning antenna of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the separate structure of the antenna body and the heat dissipation unit of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall installation structure of the top steel plate and the bottom steel plate of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall exploded structure of the top steel sheet and the bottom steel sheet of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the heat dissipation unit of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the heat dissipation unit of the present invention from another angle; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a half-section of the heat sink of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the swing assembly of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the swing assembly of the present invention from another angle.

[0020] In the picture: 1, antenna body; 11, bottom steel sheet; 12, top steel sheet; 13, PCB board; 2, support rod; 3, heat dissipation assembly; 31, heat dissipation fin; 32, end portion; 33, tail portion; 34, through slot; 4, limiting assembly; 41, rotating hole; 42, limiting slot; 43, limiting block; 5, swing assembly; 51, swing slot; 52, swing rod; 6, rectangular port; 7, steel sheet strip. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Example 1 Reference Figures 1-9 For the first embodiment of the present application, a double-frequency GNSS positioning antenna based on a laminated steel sheet structure is provided, which comprises an antenna body 1, a radio frequency line and a bridge (not shown in the figure), a bottom steel sheet 11 as an antenna radiation main body, a top steel sheet 12 arranged on the top of the bottom steel sheet 11, four supporting legs respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the bottom steel sheet 11 and the top steel sheet 12, and a PCB board 13 with a single-layer metal ground arranged on the bottom of the bottom steel sheet 11, the bottom steel sheet 11 being fixedly connected to the surface of the PCB board 13 through the supporting legs, the top steel sheet 12 being fixedly connected to the surface of the bottom steel sheet 11 through the supporting legs, further comprising two heat dissipation units arranged adjacent to the PCB board 13; the heat dissipation unit comprises a support rod 2 fixedly connected to the top of the PCB board 13, and a plurality of heat dissipation assemblies 3 linearly arranged on the support rod 2, the heat dissipation assembly 3 comprising a heat dissipation fin 31 rotatably connected to the support rod 2, the heat dissipation fin 31 comprising an end portion 32 and a tail portion 33 fixedly connected to one side of the end portion 32, the end portion 32 being pointed, the tail portion 33 being outwardly expanded, the curvatures of the two sides of the tail portion 33 being different, so as to facilitate the alternating up-and-down swinging of the plurality of heat dissipation fins 31 under the influence of air flow, and the adjacent two heat dissipation fins 31 being arranged in positive and negative alternation; one side of the heat dissipation unit is provided with a blowing unit (not shown in the figure), the blowing unit being used for blowing the heat dissipation unit, which can be composed of a plurality of heat dissipation fans in linear array, so as to swing and dissipate heat of the bottom steel sheet 11 and the top steel sheet 12 by the heat dissipation unit.

[0023] Specifically, the positioning antenna is cooled by the cooling unit to improve its working efficiency. When cooling, the upper and lower sides of the laminated steel sheet are blown by the blowing unit, and the blowing wind is blown to the upper and lower steel sheets in disorder by the swinging of the cooling unit. The cooling unit forms a heat exchange channel with the steel sheet through the cooling fins 31 on the support rod 2. The cooling fins 31 can be made of low-density high-strength metal, such as magnesium alloy, so that they can not only satisfy the heat conduction but also freely swing when being blown. The pointed end 32 can quickly absorb the heat generated by the ohmic loss of the steel sheet, and the outwardly expanding tail 33 can accelerate heat dissipation by increasing the contact area with air. The adjacent cooling fins 31 are alternately arranged in positive and negative directions, and cooperate with the airflow of the blowing unit to form a turbulent airflow around the steel sheet, covering the gaps and surfaces of the upper and lower steel sheets, improving the cooling efficiency (especially for the gap area of the laminated structure prone to heat accumulation), avoiding the decrease of the conductivity of the steel sheet or the change of the performance of the dielectric material caused by high temperature, and ensuring the stability of the dual-frequency signal reception. The cooling fins 31 can rotate around the support rod 2 and swing with the airflow under the action of the blowing unit, so that the cooling range is not limited to a fixed area and can dynamically cover different parts of the steel sheet (such as the slotted part, the feed connection point and other key areas prone to heat loss). This "disordered blowing" design is suitable for the use of the antenna in dynamic environments such as vehicle-mounted and outdoor environments. Even if the installation angle or airflow direction changes, the cooling effect can still be maintained through the swinging of the cooling fins 31, avoiding local overheating. And the two cooling units are arranged adjacent to each other, which can accelerate the dissipation of heat.

[0024] Referring to Figures 5-9 The end 32 and the tail 33 of the cooling fin 31 are smoothly connected, and the tail 33 is linearly arrayed and provided with a plurality of through grooves 34.

[0025] Specifically, the through grooves 34 are arranged to reduce the amount of material while increasing the airflow passability, so that the wind is more easily driven to swing, and the wind can enter the tail 33 to quickly carry away the heat, improving the cooling efficiency.

[0026] Embodiment 2 Referring to Figure 7 As a second embodiment of the present application, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the cooling unit further comprises a limiting assembly 4 arranged in the end 32. The limiting assembly 4 comprises a rotating hole 41 arranged through the end 32, a limiting groove 42 arranged in the rotating hole 41, and a limiting block 43 fixedly connected to the side wall of the support rod 2, and the limiting block 43 is movably connected in the limiting groove 42.

[0027] Specifically, the limiting assembly 4 is used to limit the rotation angle of the cooling fin 31 during cooling, so that the end 32 of the cooling fin 31 always faces the side where the airflow enters, avoiding rotation, so that the airflow is not disturbed and the cooling effect cannot be achieved. The rest of the structure is the same as that of embodiment 1.

[0028] Embodiment 3 With reference to Figures 7-9 For the third embodiment of the present application, which is different from the second embodiment, the heat dissipation unit further comprises a swing assembly 5 arranged on one side of the end portion 32, which comprises a swing groove 51 arranged on one side of the end portion 32, the swing groove 51 being in an arc shape, and a swing rod 52 fixedly connected on one side of the end portion 32, the swing rod 52 being slidingly connected in the swing groove 51 on one side of the adjacent heat dissipation fin 31.

[0029] Specifically, since the adjacent heat dissipation fins 31 are arranged in opposite directions, and the radii on both sides of the tail portion 33 are not the same, the two adjacent heat dissipation fins 31 will be deflected in different directions, but since the swing rod 52 is limitedly arranged in the adjacent swing groove 51, the adjacent heat dissipation fins 31 will form mutual restriction and influence, causing one of the heat dissipation fins 31 to be forced to swing the adjacent heat dissipation fin 31, thereby realizing irregular swing heat dissipation between the heat dissipation fins 31. The adjacent heat dissipation fins 31 are limitedly linked by the swing rod 52 and the swing groove 51, breaking the regularity of independent swing of a single heat dissipation fin 31. When one heat dissipation fin 31 is deflected by wind force, it will push the adjacent heat dissipation fin 31 to deflect in the opposite direction or in the same direction along the arc-shaped swing groove 51 through the swing rod 52, forming a complex swing mode of "pulling one hair to move the whole body". This irregular swing makes the airflow generated by the blowing unit be cut and disturbed into more turbulent turbulent flow, rather than linear airflow, which can more comprehensively cover the surface, gaps and edges of the laminated steel sheets (such as the gap between the bottom steel sheet 11 and the top steel sheet 12, the slot of the steel sheet), avoid local heat dissipation dead angles, make the temperature distribution of the upper and lower steel sheets more uniform, and reduce the performance fluctuations caused by local overheating.

[0030] With reference to Figures 1-2 The height of the heat dissipation fin 31 in the heat dissipation unit is the same as the height of the bottom steel sheet 11.

[0031] Specifically, it is easier to separate and guide the airflow to the top steel sheet 12 and the bottom steel sheet 11, so that the airflow can achieve sufficient and uniform heat dissipation of the upper and lower steel sheets.

[0032] With reference to Figures 2-4 The bottom steel sheet 11 and the top steel sheet 12 are provided with a rectangular port 6, and a steel sheet strip 7 as a feedback wire is fixedly connected at the rectangular port 6, and the steel sheet strip 7 directly extends into the bottom of the rectangular port 6 and is connected with the radio frequency wire through a solder pad and a bridge.

[0033] Specifically, the size of the rectangular port 6 and the feeding position can improve the isolation of the antenna and change the impedance matching of the antenna.

[0034] With reference to Figure 3 The top steel sheet 12 and the bottom steel sheet 11 are further fixedly connected with a nylon gasket.

[0035] Specifically, nylon gaskets are used between the top steel sheet 12 and the bottom steel sheet 11 to replace the PCB, isolate the two layers of steel sheets, and improve the radiation efficiency. At the same time, the antenna performance is optimally designed, has the advantages of small use area, low profile, convenient assembly, low cost, reliable structure, and better actual use effect.

[0036] Referring to Figures 2-4 The size of the top steel sheet 12 is smaller than that of the bottom steel sheet 11, and a through hole is formed in the middle of both of them.

[0037] Specifically, steel sheets of different sizes can optimize the double-frequency resonance characteristics and improve the frequency band isolation degree. The size of the top steel sheet 12 is smaller than that of the bottom steel sheet 11, which can form a “nested” stacked structure, so that there is a partial overlapping area at the edges of the two layers of steel sheets. Through electromagnetic induction, a coupling effect is generated. In addition, the smaller size of the top steel sheet 12 can directly reduce the amount of material used, and in combination with the “subtractive design” of the middle through hole, the overall weight of the stacked structure can be reduced. The remaining structure is the same as that of Example 2.

[0038] In summary, the working principle of the present application is as follows: The double-frequency GNSS positioning antenna takes the bottom steel sheet 11 and the top steel sheet 12 as the main radiation body, and adapts to the L1 and L5 dual-band resonance requirements through size difference (the size of the top steel sheet 12 is smaller than that of the bottom steel sheet 11). The middle through hole and the rectangular port 6 optimize the current distribution, improve the impedance matching and frequency band isolation degree, the nylon gaskets isolate the two layers of steel sheets and improve the radiation efficiency, the steel sheet strip 7 is used as a feed line to connect the radio frequency line and the bridge, and signal transmission is realized. In the heat dissipation system, the magnesium alloy heat sink 31 absorbs heat through the pointed end 32 and dissipates heat through the expanded tail 33, and the positive and negative alternating arrangement cooperates with the blowing unit to form turbulent airflow; the limiting assembly 4 controls the rotation angle, and the swinging assembly 5 realizes irregular swinging of the heat sink 31 through the rod and groove linkage, covers the steel sheet gap and other areas prone to heat accumulation, and the height of the heat sink 31 is adapted to the steel sheet, ensuring uniform heat dissipation of the upper and lower layers, and ensuring stable operation of the antenna in complex environments.

[0039] It should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not limiting. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application, and they should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A double-frequency GNSS positioning antenna based on a laminated steel sheet structure, comprising an antenna body (1), a radio frequency line and a bridge, a bottom steel sheet (11) as an antenna radiation main body, a top steel sheet (12) arranged on the top of the bottom steel sheet (11), four legs respectively arranged on the bottom of the bottom steel sheet (11) and the top steel sheet (12), and a PCB board (13) with a single-layer metal ground, wherein the bottom steel sheet (11) is arranged on the surface of the PCB board (13) through the legs, and the top steel sheet (12) is arranged on the surface of the bottom steel sheet (11) through the legs, characterized in that: Two heat dissipation units are arranged on the PCB board (13) adjacently; ​ The heat dissipation unit comprises a support rod (2) arranged on the top of the PCB board (13), and a plurality of heat dissipation components (3) linearly arranged on the support rod (2); the heat dissipation component (3) comprises a heat dissipation fin (31) arranged on the support rod (2); the heat dissipation fin (31) comprises an end portion (32) and a tail portion (33) arranged on one side of the end portion (32); the end portion (32) is pointed; the tail portion (33) is outwardly expanded; the bending degrees of the two sides of the tail portion (33) are different; and the two adjacent heat dissipation fins (31) are arranged alternately in positive and negative directions. One side of the heat dissipation unit is provided with a blowing unit, which is used for blowing the heat dissipation unit, so that the heat dissipation unit swings to dissipate heat for the bottom steel sheet (11) and the top steel sheet (12).

2. The dual-band GNSS positioning antenna based on a structure of laminated steel sheets according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end portion (32) and the tail portion (33) of the heat dissipation fin (31) are smoothly connected; and a plurality of through grooves (34) are linearly arranged in the tail portion (33).

3. The dual-band GNSS positioning antenna based on a structure of laminated steel sheets according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat dissipation unit further comprises a limiting component (4) arranged in the end portion (32); the limiting component (4) comprises a rotating hole (41) penetratingly arranged in the end portion (32), a limiting groove (42) arranged in the rotating hole (41), a limiting block (43) arranged on the side wall of the support rod (2), and the limiting block (43) movably connected in the limiting groove (42).

4. The dual-band GNSS positioning antenna based on a structure of laminated steel sheets according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat dissipation unit further comprises a swinging component (5) arranged on one side of the end portion (32); the swinging component (5) comprises a swinging groove (51) arranged on one side of the end portion (32), and the swinging groove (51) is in an arc shape; and a swinging rod (52) arranged on one side of the end portion (32), and the swinging rod (52) is slidably connected in the swinging groove (51) on one side of the adjacent heat dissipation fin (31).

5. The dual-band GNSS positioning antenna based on a structure of laminated steel sheets according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the heat dissipation fin (31) in the heat dissipation unit is the same as the height of the bottom steel sheet (11).

6. The dual-band GNSS positioning antenna based on a structure of laminated steel sheets according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom steel sheet (11) and the top steel sheet (12) are provided with a rectangular port (6) on the surface, and a steel sheet strip (7) serving as a feedback wire is arranged at the rectangular port (6); the steel sheet strip (7) directly extends into the bottom of the rectangular port (6) and is connected with the radio frequency wire through a solder pad and a bridge.

7. The dual-band GNSS positioning antenna based on a structure of laminated steel sheets according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top steel sheet (12) and the bottom steel sheet (11) are further provided with a nylon gasket.

8. The dual-band GNSS positioning antenna based on a structure of laminated steel sheets according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the top steel sheet (12) is smaller than that of the bottom steel sheet (11); and a through hole is arranged in the middle of the two steel sheets.

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