Cryogenic tank

Abstract

The invention relates to a cryogenic tank (100), comprising, in different design variants, an actuator-free cryogenic valve (7, 12, 17, 19, 22, 23, 24) for conducting a fuel flow during fuel replenishment and extraction, wherein a filling check valve (7) and a releasable return gas check valve (12) arranged in parallel with the filling check valve (7) as required and a filling and extraction check valve (22) arranged as required control the fuel supply, the low-temperature valves (7, 12, 17, 19, 22, 23, 24) are arranged in an installation space connected to the filling opening (5), and a pipeline fracture safety device (17) and a releasable extraction check valve (19) arranged in parallel or a throttle valve (23) arranged in parallel or an extraction check valve (24) arranged in parallel and filling and extraction check valves (22) arranged as required control the extraction, and wherein the low-temperature valves (7, 12, 17, 19, 22, 23, 24) are arranged in the installation space connected to the filling opening (5), and wherein all the cryogenic valves (7, 12, 17, 19, 22, 23, 24) are detachable after removal of the cryogenic tank-side fuel supply coupling (6).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The invention relates to a cryogenic tank for receiving, storing and dispensing a cryogenic medium, in particular a cryogenic tank for receiving cryogenic hydrogen and a method for filling and emptying a cryogenic tank with a cryogenic medium according to the preamble of claim 1. BACKGROUND

[0002] Fuel supply systems for cryogenic fuels such as LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) or LH2 (Liquid Hydrogen) generally comprise a double-walled container with an inner tank for receiving the fuel and an outer tank with a vacuum insulation space between the inner tank and the outer tank and with an insulation layer for reducing the heat input into the inner tank, an inner tank suspension for positioning the inner tank in the outer tank, an insulated filling port (Johnson-Cox coupling) on the outer tank, a fuel make-up coupling for accommodating the cryogenic tank side, a switch component for controlling the mass flow during fuel make-up, a switch component for controlling the mass flow during extraction, a switch component for limiting the inner tank pressure, an inner tank heat exchanger and associated switch components for maintaining the inner tank pressure, a heat exchanger for heating the fuel for the user, lines for connecting the individual switch components and heat exchangers, and sensors for controlling the mass flow, monitoring and diagnosis.

[0003] Such fuel storage systems for cryogenic fuels are known, inter alia, from DE 102 020 20 6869, DE 102 009 01 2380, etc., which differ from one another, inter alia, in terms of the circuitry for fuel make-up and extraction, i.e. the type, number and arrangement of the switch components: DE 102 020 20 6869 discloses a controlled cryogenic switch valve for the gaseous phase and a controlled cryogenic switch valve for the liquid phase, wherein during fuel make-up the cryogenic valve is pushed open by the fuel flow, and wherein, for continuous emptying, the control unit is able to extract at high inner tank pressure, preferably through the cryogenic valve for the gaseous phase, and is able to extract at low inner tank pressure, preferably through the cryogenic switch valve for the liquid phase. DE 102 009 01 2380 discloses a phase-change valve with a reference pressure element with dynamic sealing, which is able to extract gaseous fuel at high inner tank pressure and liquid fuel at low inner tank pressure without interference by the control unit.

[0004] A common feature of both applications is the use of a switch component comprising an actuator in the cryogenic filling and extraction path. A further common feature of both applications is the arrangement of the switch component for controlling the fuel make-up and extraction operation in the vacuum insulation space between the inner tank and the outer tank. The switch component is generally constructed such that the individual parts responsible for the seal are detachable in the installed state and, during operation, no cold spots occur on the ambient side of the valve which involve liquefaction or condensation of air components, despite the very low fuel temperature.

[0005] As indicated in EP 1801478, the disadvantage of cryogenic on-off valves is the large space required for the valve to avoid cold spots on the ambient side, the cost of the cryogenic valve, the costs associated with welding the valve housing and connecting lines, the costs associated with testing the welds, the destruction of the insulation layer when the cryogenic valve is arranged in an insulated space and the resulting reduction in the insulation effect, and the weight.

[0006] As indicated in DE 102009012380, the disadvantage of cryogenic phase change valves (also commonly referred to as "economizers") is also the large space required for the valve to avoid cold spots on the ambient side, the cost of the cryogenic phase change valve, the costs associated with welding the valve housing and connecting lines, the costs associated with testing the welds, the destruction of the insulation layer when the cryogenic valve is arranged in an insulated space, the reference pressure element to be dynamically sealed, and the weight. SUMMARY

[0007] TECHNICAL PROBLEM

[0008] The object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art by avoiding the on-off member including an actuator, the work steps and the testing procedure, and to provide a cryogenic tank and a method of filling and emptying the cryogenic tank.

[0009] According to the invention, this object is achieved by providing a cryogenic tank according to claim 1 and by providing a method of filling and emptying the cryogenic tank having the features of claims 8 to 13.

[0010] TECHNICAL SOLUTION

[0011] This object is achieved by using on-off components without actuators instead of on-off members including actuators, by positioning them in the existing insulation components, by their accessibility, and by the fact that the fluid passes through them for fuel replenishment and continuous emptying of the cryogenic tank.

[0012] This object is achieved by using check valves, releasable check valves, pipe break safety devices or throttle valves in a purposeful arrangement instead of electromechanical, electro-pneumatic or electro-hydraulic shut-off valves and inner tank pressure control valves, in various design variants, the on-off members for controlling the fuel flow during fuel replenishment and / or extraction are arranged in the filler neck, and all cryogenic valves are detachable after removal of the vehicle-side fuel replenishment coupling. The cryogenic valves are combined to form a compact valve block, which forms a housing for the on-off members, or accommodates the on-off members with a housing, and the holes in the valve block replace the welded lines connecting the individual on-off components according to the prior art. In addition, the valve block or the filler neck can contain other components of the cryogenic tank, such as shut-off valves, valves for limiting the inner tank pressure, valves for maintaining the inner tank pressure, heat exchangers, etc.

[0013] Depending on the pressure level, the cryogenic tank can be filled with liquid or supercritical phase, wherein for dual flow fuel refueling, liquid or supercritical phase flows from the filling station to the inner tank and gaseous phase flows from the inner tank to the filling station, and wherein for single flow fuel refueling, liquid or supercritical phase flows from the filling station to the inner tank without fuel flow from the inner tank to the filling station. If necessary, the cryogenic tank can be filled with gaseous phase at the end of the fuel refueling to increase the pressure. After fuel refueling or during operation, depending on the pressure level, the extraction quantity, the opening and closing member and the capacity of the heat exchanger, gaseous and / or supercritical and / or liquid phase is extracted.

[0014] In the preferred embodiment, during fuel refueling, liquid or supercritical fuel flows from the filling station to the inner tank via the fuel refueling check valve and, if necessary, gaseous or supercritical fuel flows from the inner tank to the filling station via the unblocked return gas check valve. In the preferred embodiment, during extraction, gaseous or supercritical fuel flows through the pipe rupture safety device and, if necessary, supercritical or liquid fuel flows to the user via the unblocked check valve or the throttle valve.

[0015] The filling port of the cryogenic tank is a tubular component which is tightly connected at its outer tank side end to the outer tank and at its inner tank side end to the pipeline. The tank side fuel refueling coupling is tightly attached at the end of the filling port on the outer tank side and extends through the tubular central part of the filling port until the end of the filling port on the inner tank side, where the pipeline connection is established. In general, the tank side fuel refueling coupling comprises valves for fuel refueling and sealing, which are (partly) executed by the filling station side fuel refueling coupling, as for example set out in DE 41 04 766. The tubular central part of the filling port is designed with a thin wall thickness to prevent cold spots on the outside.

[0016] Due to the fuel refueling check valve for filling and the releasable return gas check valve for gas recirculation in dual flow fuel refueling, the fuel refueling is completely controlled by the filling station and no power supply for the cryogenic tank is required.

[0017] Due to the pipe rupture safety device and the releasable extraction check valve or throttle valve, a continuous emptying of the cryogenic tank takes place, wherein the switch from gaseous to liquid extraction either takes place autonomously without external intervention as a result of the pressure drop when the fluid passes through the pipe rupture safety device or, with external intervention, by a short-term increase of the extraction quantity initiated by the control unit above the extraction quantity which triggers the closing of the pipe rupture safety device at the respective inner tank pressure.

[0018] By using check valves, releasable check valves, pipe rupture safety devices and throttle valves in the cryogenic tank instead of electromechanical, electro-pneumatic or electro-hydraulic shut-off valves and / or phase change valves, only one shut-off valve with actuator is required for fuel refueling and extraction, which is preferably arranged downstream of the heat exchanger in the flow direction.

[0019] By using a switch member without actuator arranged in the valve block in the filler neck, a significant cost reduction is achieved by omitting the line and the like components, the work steps of line welding and the like, and the test procedures of line welding test and the like.

[0020] By arranging the switch member in the valve block, a manageable assembly is created which is compact in design, simple to install, and simple to pre-test.

[0021] Due to the design, only one line towards the insulation space sealed is required between the filler neck or valve block and the inner tank. Other lines to the inner tank can be connected by plug-in or screw systems and can be arranged within the sealed line.

[0022] By arranging the cryogenic switch member in an installation space accessible via the filler neck, each cryogenic switch member or the entire assembly can be easily replaced.

[0023] By arranging the cryogenic switch member in an installation space accessible via the filler neck, the insulation is not interrupted and the insulation effect is improved.

[0024] By arranging the cryogenic switch member in an installation space accessible via the filler neck, the risk of icing is reduced.

[0025] By omitting the housing, the actuator and the connecting line, the weight of the cryogenic tank is reduced.

[0026] By omitting components and welding, the risk of failure is reduced.

[0027] Due to the disclosed design, the cost of the cryogenic tank is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] The cryogenic tank according to the invention and alternative design variants are explained below with reference to the drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 A cryogenic tank according to the invention in a preferred embodiment for dual flow fuel replenishment is shown, with a check valve and a releasable check valve in the fuel replenishment path and with a pipe rupture safety device and a releasable check valve in the extraction path.

[0030] Figure 2 An alternative design variant of a cryogenic tank according to the invention for dual flow fuel replenishment is shown, with a check valve and a releasable check valve in the fuel replenishment path, with a pipe rupture safety device and a releasable check valve in the extraction path, and with additional check valves for filling and extraction.

[0031] Figure 3Another alternative design variation of a low temperature tank for single flow refueling according to the present application is shown, with a check valve in the refueling path, and a pipe break safety device and a releasable check valve in the withdrawal path.

[0032] Figure 4 Another alternative design variation of a low temperature tank for single flow refueling according to the present application is shown, with a check valve in the refueling path, and a pipe break safety device and a releasable check valve in the withdrawal path.

[0033] Figure 5 A low temperature tank for dual flow refueling according to the present application is shown, with a check valve and a releasable check valve in the refueling path, and a pipe break safety device and a restriction valve instead of a releasable check valve in the withdrawal path, according to the present application. Figure 1

[0034] Figure 6 A low temperature tank for dual flow refueling according to the present application is shown, with a check valve and a releasable check valve in the refueling path, and a pipe break safety device and a check valve instead of a releasable check valve in the withdrawal path, according to the present application. Figure 1 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Figure 1 ​​A portion of a cryogenic tank 100 for dual flow fueling and recirculation of gas to a filling station is shown, comprising an inner tank 1 for receiving cryogenic fuel at a certain pressure or temperature, an outer tank 2 for defining a vacuum insulated space 3 between the inner tank 1 and the outer tank 2, with an insulation layer 4 for reducing heat ingress into the inner tank 1, and an insulated fill port 5 for accommodating a tank side fueling coupling 6. A fueling check valve 7 is arranged in the fill port 5 for filling the inner tank 1 with liquid or supercritical fuel, which opens due to a pressure difference between the filling station and the inner tank 1 caused by the fueling flow during fueling, otherwise closes the inner tank 1 and allows pressure equalization from the fill port 5 or from the fueling coupling 6 to the inner tank 1. On the fueling coupling side, the fueling check valve 7 is connected to a fueling line 8 of the tank side fueling coupling 6, and on the inner tank side it is connected via a fill and withdrawal line 11 to a liquid space 10 of the inner tank 1. Furthermore, a releasable backflow gas check valve 12 is arranged in the fill port 5 for filling purposes, which opens due to a mechanical coupling with the fueling check valve 7 as a result of an opening movement of the closing body in the fueling check valve 7 during fueling, thus enabling a backflow of gas from the inner tank 1 to the filling station, otherwise closes the inner tank 1 and allows pressure equalization from the fill port 5 or from the fueling coupling 6 to the inner tank 1. On the fueling coupling side, the releasable backflow gas check valve 12 is connected to a gas backflow line 13 of the tank side fueling coupling 6, and on the inner tank side it is connected via a backflow gas line 14 to a backflow gas and withdrawal line 16, which ends in a gas space 15 of the inner tank 1. For withdrawing gaseous or supercritical fuel, a pipe rupture safety device 17 with a bypass hole is arranged in the fill port 5, which opens during withdrawal of gaseous or supercritical fuel from the gas space 15, fluid flows through, and closes autonomously at a predetermined mass flow due to the resulting pressure loss. On the inner tank side, the pipe rupture safety device 17 is connected via the backflow gas and withdrawal line 16 to the gas space 15 of the inner tank 1, and on the fueling coupling side it is connected to a withdrawal line 18. For withdrawing liquid or supercritical fuel, a releasable withdrawal check valve 19 is also provided in the fill port 5, which is closed, but opens due to a mechanical coupling with the pipe rupture safety device 17 as a result of a closing movement of the closing body of the pipe rupture safety device 17, thus enabling withdrawal of liquid or supercritical fuel from the liquid space 10 of the inner tank 1. On the inner tank side, the releasable withdrawal check valve 19 is connected via the fill and withdrawal line 11 to the liquid space 10 of the inner tank 1, and on the fueling coupling side it is connected to the withdrawal line 18. If necessary, a heat exchanger 20 is connected to the withdrawal line 18 to heat the cryogenic fuel, and when necessary, a shut-off valve 21 arranged downstream closes the cryogenic tank 100 to the user.

[0036] During refueling, liquid or supercritical fuel flows into the inner tank 1 via the refueling line 8, the open refueling check valve 7, the filling line 9 and the filling and withdrawal line 11 due to the pressure gradient between the filling station and the inner tank 1 and gaseous fuel flows to the filling station via the return gas and withdrawal line 16, the return gas line 14, the return gas check valve 12, which is unlocked and thus open by the refueling check valve 7, and the return gas line 13 due to the pressure gradient between the inner tank 1 and the filling station. After completion of the refueling, the refueling check valve 7 and the return gas check valve 12, which was unlocked and thus open during refueling, automatically close due to the absence of a pressure difference between the filling station and the inner tank 1.

[0037] During withdrawal, the withdrawal check valve 19 is closed and gaseous or supercritical fuel flows from the inner tank 1 to the user via the return gas and withdrawal line 16, the open pipe rupture safety device 17 and the withdrawal line 18 due to the pressure gradient between the inner tank 1 and the user. As the pressure in the inner tank 1 decreases, the flow rate and the pressure drop of the fluid through the pipe rupture safety device 17 both increase due to the decreasing density of the gaseous or supercritical fuel, the pipe rupture safety device 17 closes at a predetermined pressure drop, preventing the withdrawal of gaseous or supercritical fuel from the inner tank 1, and, as a result of the movement of the closing body of the pipe rupture safety device 17 from the open position to the closed position when the pipe rupture safety device 17 closes, the releasable withdrawal check valve 19 is unlocked and thus opened by mechanical coupling, so that liquid or supercritical fuel flows from the inner tank 1 to the user via the filling and withdrawal line 11, the unblocked and thus open withdrawal check valve 19 and the withdrawal line 18 due to the pressure gradient between the inner tank 1 and the user. As a result of this switching process, the emptying of the inner tank 1 proceeds continuously, so that the pressure in the inner tank 1 always first decreases to the switching pressure of the pipe rupture safety device 17 due to the withdrawal via the return gas and withdrawal line 16 and only after the pipe rupture safety device 17 has closed does the withdrawal take place via the filling and withdrawal line 11. When the pipe rupture safety device 17 is closed, if the user does not require fuel or only a small amount of fuel associated with a small pressure drop between the inner tank 1 and the withdrawal line 8, a pressure equalization takes place between the filling and withdrawal line 16 and the withdrawal line 18 through the bypass hole of the pipe rupture safety device 17, so that the pipe rupture safety device 17 opens and, as a result of the movement of the closing body of the pipe rupture safety device 17 from the closed position to the open position, the unblocked and thus open withdrawal check valve 19 is closed by mechanical coupling. During withdrawal, the refueling check valve 7 and the releasable return gas check valve 12 are closed. When the user is supplied with fuel, the shut-off valve 21 is opened.

[0038] The tank-side fuel make-up path between the make-up coupling 6 on the tank side and the inner tank 1 for making up the inner tank 1 comprises two non-actuator- equipped switching components, namely the fuel make-up check valve 7 and the releasable backflow gas check valve 12. The extraction path between the inner tank 1 and the shut-off valve 15 for emptying the inner tank 1 to the user comprises two non-actuator-equipped switching components, namely the pipe break safety device 17 and the releasable extraction check valve 19, and one preferably actuator-equipped switching component, namely the shut-off valve 21. The actuator-equipped switching component is not used in the low-temperature range.

[0039] Figure 2 A portion of a low-temperature tank 100 for dual-flow fuel make-up and gas recirculation to the filling station is shown, wherein, in contrast to the prior art, Figure 1 the fuel make-up and extraction check valve 22 is arranged between the switching components 7, 12 for fuel make-up and 17, 19 for extraction. On the inlet side, the fuel make-up and extraction check valve 22 is connected in flow direction via the backflow gas line 14 to the fuel make-up side inlet of the releasable backflow gas check valve 12 and to the extraction side outlet of the pipe break safety device 17, and on the outlet side, it is connected in flow direction via the filling line 9 to the outlet of the fuel make-up check valve 7 and to the extraction side outlet of the releasable extraction check valve 19. The fuel make-up and extraction check valve 22 is closed during fuel make-up to prevent liquid or supercritical fuel from flowing back from the fuel make-up check valve 7 to the releasable backflow gas check valve 12, and during extraction, it allows a flow from the pipe break safety device 17 to the extraction line 18.

[0040] During fuel make-up, due to the pressure gradient between the filling station and the inner tank 1 when the fuel make-up and extraction check valve 22 is closed, liquid or supercritical fuel flows via the fuel make-up line 8, through the fuel make-up check valve 7 opened by the fuel make-up flow, the filling line 9, the releasable extraction check valve 19 opened by the fuel make-up flow, and the filling and extraction line 11 into the inner tank 1, and due to the pressure gradient between the inner tank 1 and the filling station, gaseous fuel flows from the inner tank 1 via the backflow gas and extraction line 16, the pipe break safety device 17, the backflow gas line 14, the backflow gas check valve 12 not blocked by the fuel make-up check valve 7 and thus opened, and the gas backflow line 13 into the filling station. After completion of the fuel make-up, the fuel make-up check valve 7 and the backflow gas check valve 12 not blocked during fuel make-up and thus opened automatically close due to the absence of a pressure difference between the filling station and the inner tank 1.

[0041] During extraction, because the fuel make-up and extraction check valve 22 is blocked and thus closed, gaseous or supercritical state fuel flows from the inner tank 1 to the user via the return gas and extraction line 16, the open pipe rupture safety device 17, the fuel make-up and extraction check valve 22 which opens by the extraction flow, and the extraction line 18 due to the pressure gradient between the inner tank 1 and the user. As the pressure in the inner tank 1 decreases, the flow rate and the pressure drop increase as the density of the gaseous or supercritical fuel decreases as the fluid passes through the pipe rupture safety device 17, the pipe rupture safety device 17 closes at a predetermined pressure drop, preventing the extraction of gaseous or supercritical fuel from the inner tank 1, and as a result of the movement of the closing body of the pipe rupture safety device 17 from the open position to the closed position, the releasable extraction check valve 19 is unblocked and thus opened by the mechanical coupling, so that as a result of the closure of the pipe rupture safety device 17, liquid or supercritical state fuel flows from the inner tank 1 to the user via the filling and extraction line 11, the extraction check valve 19 which is not blocked and thus open, and the extraction line 18 due to the pressure gradient between the inner tank 1 and the user when the fuel make-up and extraction check valve 22 is closed. As a result of this switching process, the emptying of the inner tank 1 proceeds continuously, so that the pressure in the inner tank 1 always first decreases to the switching pressure of the pipe rupture safety device 17 due to the extraction via the return gas and extraction line 16, and only after the closure of the pipe rupture safety device 17 does extraction take place via the filling and extraction line 11. If the pipe rupture safety device 17 is closed and the user does not require fuel, or only a small amount of fuel associated with a small pressure drop between the inner tank 1 and the extraction line 18, pressure equalization occurs between the filling and extraction line 16 and the extraction line 18 via the bypass hole of the pipe rupture safety device 17, so that the pipe rupture safety device 17 opens, and as a result of the movement of the closing body of the pipe rupture safety device 17 from the closed position to the open position, the extraction check valve 19 which is not blocked and thus open is closed by the mechanical coupling. During extraction, the fuel make-up check valve 7 and the releasable return gas check valve 12 are closed. When the user is supplied with fuel, the shut-off valve 21 is opened.

[0042] The fuel make-up and extraction check valve 22 is open when fuel is extracted via the pipe rupture safety device 17, and is closed when fuel is extracted via the releasable extraction check valve 19.

[0043] The tank-side fuel replenishment path between the replenishment coupling 6 and the inner tank 1 for replenishing the inner tank 1 comprises five non-actuator- equipped switching components, namely the fuel replenishment check valve 7, the releasable withdrawal check valve 19, the releasable backflow gas check valve 12, the pipe break safety device 17 and the fuel replenishment and withdrawal check valve 22. The tank-side withdrawal path between the inner tank 1 and the shut-off valve 15 for emptying the inner tank 1 towards the user comprises three non-actuator-equipped switching components, namely the pipe break safety device 17, the releasable withdrawal check valve 19 and the fuel replenishment and withdrawal check valve 22, and one switching component preferably comprising an actuator, namely the shut-off valve 21. The switching component comprising an actuator is not used in the low-temperature range.

[0044] Figure 3 A portion of the cryogenic tank 100 is shown for single-flow fuel replenishment and without gas recirculation to the filling station during fuel replenishment, wherein, in contrast to the tank 100 shown in Fig. 1, Figure 1 the releasable backflow gas check valve 12 is not installed.

[0045] During fuel replenishment, fuel in liquid or supercritical state flows into the inner tank 1 via the fuel replenishment line 8, the fuel replenishment check valve 7 opened by the fuel replenishment flow, the filling line 9 and the filling and withdrawal line 11 due to the pressure gradient between the filling station and the inner tank 1. No gaseous fuel flows from the inner tank 1 back to the filling station.

[0046] According to Figure 1 the withdrawal is carried out.

[0047] The tank-side fuel replenishment path between the replenishment coupling 6 and the inner tank 1 for replenishing the inner tank 1 comprises one non-actuator-equipped switching component, namely the fuel replenishment check valve 7. The tank-side withdrawal path between the inner tank 1 and the shut-off valve 21 for emptying the inner tank 1 towards the user comprises two non-actuator-equipped switching components, namely the pipe break safety device 17 and the releasable withdrawal check valve 19, and one switching component preferably comprising an actuator, namely the shut-off valve 21. The switching component comprising an actuator is not used in the low-temperature range.

[0048] Figure 4 A portion of the cryogenic tank 100 is shown for single-flow fuel replenishment and without gas recirculation to the filling station during fuel replenishment, wherein, in contrast to the tank 100 shown in Fig. 1, Figure 3 the outlet of the fuel replenishment check valve 7, the withdrawal-side outlet of the pipe break safety device 17 and the withdrawal-side outlet of the releasable withdrawal check valve 19 are connected to the withdrawal line 18.

[0049] During refuelling, liquid or supercritical fuel flows into the inner tank 1 via the refuelling line 8, the refuelling check valve 7 opened by the refuelling flow, the filling line 9, the pipe rupture safety device 17, the return gas and extraction line 16, the releasable extraction check valve 19 opened by the refuelling flow, and the filling and extraction line 11 due to the pressure gradient between the filling station and the inner tank 1. No gaseous fuel flows from the inner tank 1 back to the filling station.

[0050] According to Figure 1 Extraction is performed.

[0051] The tank-side refuelling path between the filling coupling 6 and the inner tank 1 for filling the inner tank 1 comprises three switch components without actuators, namely the refuelling check valve 7, the releasable extraction check valve 19 and the pipe rupture safety device 17. The tank-side extraction path between the inner tank 1 and the shut-off valve 21 for emptying the inner tank 1 towards the user comprises two switch components without actuators, namely the pipe rupture safety device 17 and the releasable extraction check valve 19, and one switch component preferably comprising an actuator, namely the shut-off valve 21. The switch component comprising an actuator is not used in the low-temperature range.

[0052] Figure 5 A portion of a low-temperature tank 100 for dual-flow refuelling and gas recirculation to the filling station is shown, wherein, in contrast to Figure 1 the releasable extraction check valve 19 is replaced by a throttle valve 23.

[0053] During refuelling, liquid or supercritical fuel flows into the inner tank 1 via the refuelling line 8, the refuelling check valve 7 opened by the refuelling flow, the filling line 9, and the filling and extraction line 11 due to the pressure gradient between the filling station and the inner tank 1, and gaseous fuel flows to the filling station via the return gas and extraction line 16, the return gas line 14, the return gas check valve 12 not blocked by the refuelling check valve 7 and thus opened, and the return gas line 13 due to the pressure gradient between the inner tank 1 and the filling station. After refuelling is complete, the refuelling check valve 7 and the return gas check valve 12, which was not blocked and thus opened during refuelling, automatically close due to the absence of a pressure difference between the filling station and the inner tank 1.

[0054] During extraction, gaseous or supercritical fuel from the inner tank 1 flows to the user via the return gas and extraction line 16, the open pipe rupture safety device 17 and the extraction line 18 due to the pressure gradient between the inner tank 1 and the user. As the pressure in the inner tank 1 decreases, the flow rate and the pressure drop of the fluid through the pipe rupture safety device 17 increase due to the decreasing density of the gaseous or supercritical fuel, the pipe rupture safety device 17 closes at a predetermined pressure drop, preventing the extraction of gaseous or supercritical fuel from the inner tank 1, so that, when the pipe rupture safety device 17 is closed, liquid or supercritical fuel from the inner tank 1 flows to the user via the filling and extraction line 11, the throttle valve 23 and the extraction line 18 due to the pressure gradient between the inner tank 1 and the user. As a result of this switching process, the emptying of the inner tank 1 proceeds continuously, so that the pressure in the inner tank 1 always first decreases to the switching pressure of the pipe rupture safety device 17 due to the extraction via the return gas and extraction line 16 and only after the pipe rupture safety device 17 is closed does the extraction take place via the filling and extraction line 11. If no fuel is required by the user when the pipe rupture safety device 17 is closed or only a small amount of fuel associated with a small pressure drop between the inner tank 1 and the extraction line 18 is required, a pressure equalization between the filling and extraction line 16 and the extraction line 18 takes place through the bypass opening of the pipe rupture safety device 17, so that the pipe rupture safety device 17 opens. During extraction, the fuel make-up check valve 7 and the releasable return gas check valve 12 are closed. When the user is supplied with fuel, the shut-off valve 21 is opened.

[0055] The cross section of the throttle valve 23 and thus the pressure drop of the throttle valve 24 should be designed such that, when the pipe rupture safety device 17 is open, at most 25% of the extraction quantity is extracted via the throttle valve 24, preferably at most 10% of the extraction quantity.

[0056] The tank-side fuel make-up path between the filling coupling 6 on the tank side and the inner tank 1 for filling the inner tank 1 comprises two switch components without actuators, namely the fuel make-up check valve 7 and the releasable return gas check valve 12. The extraction path between the inner tank 1 and the shut-off valve 15 for emptying the inner tank 1 towards the user comprises one switch component without an actuator, namely the pipe rupture safety device 17 and the throttle valve 23, and one switch component preferably comprising an actuator, namely the shut-off valve 21. The switch component comprising an actuator is not used in the low-temperature range.

[0057] Figure 6 A portion of a cryogenic tank 100 for dual-flow fuel make-up and gas recirculation to the filling station is shown, wherein, in contrast to the tank 100 shown in Fig. 1, Figure 1 The extraction check valve 24 replaces the releasable extraction check valve 19.

[0058] According to Figure 1The fuel replenishment takes place, however, with the pipe break safety device 17, for example its end on the inner tank side, closing the connection between the return gas and withdrawal line 16 and the withdrawal line 18.

[0059] During withdrawal, due to the pressure gradient between the inner tank 1 and the user, the pipe break safety device 17 opens and, due to the pressure gradient between the inner tank 1 and the user, fuel in gaseous or supercritical state flows from the inner tank 1 to the user via the return gas and withdrawal line 16, the open pipe break safety device 17 and the withdrawal line 18. As the pressure in the inner tank 1 decreases, due to the decreasing density of the gaseous or supercritical fuel, both the flow rate and the pressure drop increase as the fluid passes through the pipe break safety device 17, which closes at a predetermined pressure drop, preventing the withdrawal of fuel in gaseous or supercritical state from the inner tank 1, so that, when the pipe break safety device 17 is closed, due to the pressure gradient between the inner tank 1 and the user, fuel in liquid or supercritical state flows from the inner tank 2 to the user via the filling and withdrawal line 11, the withdrawal check valve 24 opened by the withdrawal flow and the withdrawal line 18. As a result of this switching process, the emptying of the inner tank 1 takes place continuously, so that, due to the withdrawal via the return gas and withdrawal line 16, the pressure in the inner tank 1 always decreases first to the switching pressure of the pipe break safety device 17 and only after the pipe break safety device 17 is closed does the withdrawal take place via the filling and withdrawal line 11. If the user does not require fuel when the pipe break safety device 17 is closed or only a small amount of fuel associated with a slight pressure drop between the inner tank 1 and the withdrawal line 18, a pressure equalization between the filling and withdrawal line 16 and the withdrawal line 18 takes place through the bypass hole of the pipe break safety device 17, so that the pipe break safety device 17 opens. During withdrawal, the fuel replenishment check valve 7 and the releasable return gas check valve 12 are closed. When the user is supplied with fuel, the shut-off valve 21 is opened.

[0060] The tank-side fuel replenishment path between the filling coupling 6 on the tank side and the inner tank 1 for filling the inner tank 1 comprises two switch components without actuators, namely the fuel replenishment check valve 7 and the releasable return gas check valve 12. The withdrawal path between the inner tank 1 and the shut-off valve 15 for emptying the inner tank 1 towards the user comprises one switch component without an actuator, namely the pipe break safety device 17 and the withdrawal check valve 24, and one switch component, preferably comprising an actuator, namely the shut-off valve 21. The switch component comprising an actuator is not used in the low temperature range.

[0061] In Figures 1 to 4 the releasable withdrawal check valve 19 can be replaced by a throttle 23, due to the flow resistance of the throttle 23, Figure 4The fuel replenishment in the tank 1 takes place mainly via the pipe break safety device 17, wherein the flow resistance of the throttle valve 23 during fuel replenishment can be configured to be smaller than the flow resistance of the throttle valve 23 during extraction, in order to replenish fuel via the throttle valve 23.

[0062] In Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 the releasable extraction check valve 19 can be replaced by an extraction check valve 24, Figure 4 The fuel replenishment in the tank 1 takes place only via the pipe break safety device 17. In Figure 2 the releasable extraction check valve 19 can be replaced by two extraction check valves 24 or throttle check valves arranged in parallel and having opposite opening directions.

[0063] According to the dual-flow or single-flow fuel replenishment, the fuel replenishment path for dual-flow fuel replenishment comprises a first fuel replenishment path with a fuel replenishment check valve 7 and further switching components for supplying liquid or supercritical fuel and a second fuel replenishment path via a releasable backflow gas check valve 12 and further switching components for discharging gaseous fuel. For single-flow fuel replenishment, only the first fuel replenishment path is designed with a fuel replenishment check valve 7 for supplying liquid or supercritical fuel. The first fuel replenishment path connects the inner tank 1 to the fuel replenishment line 8 of the fuel replenishment coupling 6 on the tank side, and the second fuel replenishment path connects the inner tank 1 to the gas backflow line 13 of the fuel replenishment coupling 6 on the tank side.

[0064] Irrespective of dual-flow or single-flow fuel replenishment, the extraction path comprises a first extraction path for extracting gaseous or supercritical fuel via the pipe break safety device 17 and optionally the filling and extraction check valve 22 and a second extraction path for extracting liquid or supercritical fuel via the releasable extraction check valve 19 or via the throttle valve 23 or the extraction check valve 24 replacing the releasable extraction check valve 19. Since both the first extraction path and the second extraction path connect the inner tank 1 to the extraction line 18, the first extraction path and the second extraction path are fluidically arranged in parallel.

[0065] Regardless of the dual or single fuel refueling, after the fuel refueling or during the extraction, the fuel in the inner tank 1 can exist in a supercritical state or in a liquid and gaseous state, so that during the extraction, depending on the closing pressure of the pipe rupture safety device 17, the fuel is extracted in a supercritical state or in a gaseous state via the first extraction path, i.e. via the pipe rupture safety device 17, and during the extraction, the fuel is extracted in a supercritical state or in a liquid state via the second extraction path, i.e. via the releasable extraction check valve 19 or via the throttle valve 23 or the extraction check valve 24. When the inner tank 1 is almost empty, or in the case of a low liquid fuel level in the inner tank 1 below the inflow of the filling and extraction line 11, in the case of a large extraction quantity, and thus when the extraction takes place via the releasable extraction check valve 19 or via the throttle valve 23 or the extraction check valve 24, the fuel can be extracted in a gaseous state.

[0066] The closing pressure of the pipe rupture safety device 17, i.e. the extraction quantity at different gas densities, and thus the extraction quantity at different pressures in the inner tank 1, is adjusted by the force of the opening spring in the pipe rupture safety device 17, which, as a result of the pressure drop when the fluid passes through, keeps the closing body open against the closing pressure. The switching pressure of the pipe rupture safety device 17 depends on the operating mode, in particular on the extraction dynamics. If during operation the extraction flow changes significantly, in particular at a high frequency, or if mainly large quantities are extracted, the switching pressure is also set higher so as not to fall below a lower pressure level. If during operation the extraction flow does not change significantly, or only small quantities are extracted, the switching pressure is also set lower so that a long-term extraction from the gas phase is possible.

[0067] The extraction quantity for reopening the pipe rupture safety device 17 after the pipe rupture safety device 17 has closed is adjusted by the diameter of the bypass hole of the pipe rupture safety device 17.

[0068] Preferably, during the fuel refueling, as a result of the movement of the closing body in the fuel refueling check valve 7 from the closed position to the open position, the fuel refueling check valve 7 opens the releasable backflow gas check valve 12 due to the mechanical coupling between the closing body of the fuel refueling check valve 7 and the closing body of the releasable backflow gas check valve 12, optionally the releasable backflow gas check valve 12 opens due to the pressure difference between the inlet or outlet of the fuel refueling check valve 7 and the inlet or outlet of the backflow gas check valve 12.

[0069] Preferably, as a result of the movement of the closing body in the pipe break safety device 17 from the open position to the closed position during extraction, the pipe break safety device 17 opens the releasable extraction check valve due to the mechanical coupling between the closing body of the pipe break safety device 17 and the closing body of the releasable extraction check valve 19, optionally the releasable extraction check valve 19 opens due to the pressure difference between the extraction line 18 and the backflow gas and the fuel make-up line 16 or the filling and extraction line 11.

[0070] Preferably, the throttle 23 is a separate component, a constriction or an inlet orifice in the filling and extraction line 11, an inlet side end of the closing body of the pipe break safety device 17 in the form of a slide valve, or an inlet side end of the closing body of the pipe break safety device 17 as a slide valve.

[0071] Preferably, the releasable extraction check valve 19 is a separate component, an optional surface, in particular a cylindrical side surface, of the pipe break safety device 17, or a rear side of the pipe break safety device 17 opposite the sealing surface, forming the releasable extraction check valve 19.

[0072] Preferably, the extraction check valve 24 is a separate component 11, an inlet side end of the closing body of the pipe break safety device 17 in the form of a slide valve, or an inlet side end of the closing body of the pipe break safety device 17 as a slide valve, wherein in the case of a two-piece closing body, a compression spring can be arranged between the two pieces.

[0073] Preferably, the fuel replenishment check valve 7, the releasable backflow gas check valve 12, the pipe rupture safety device 17, the releasable extraction check valve 19 or the throttle 23, and the filling and extraction check valve 22 are arranged at the end of the filling opening 5 on the inner tank side or at the fuel replenishment coupling 6 on the tank side and are accessible after removal of the fuel replenishment coupling 6 on the tank side. Alternatively, the fuel replenishment check valve 7, the releasable backflow gas check valve 12, the pipe rupture safety device 17, the releasable extraction check valve 19 or the throttle 23, and the filling and extraction check valve 22 are arranged in a space downstream of the end of the filling opening 5 on the inner tank side in the fuel replenishment direction and connected to the filling opening 5 and are accessible via the filling opening 5 after removal of the fuel replenishment coupling 6 on the vehicle side. Alternatively, the fuel replenishment check valve 7, the releasable backflow gas check valve 12, the pipe rupture safety device 17, the releasable extraction check valve 19 or the throttle 23, and the fuel replenishment and extraction check valve 22 are arranged in a separate, thermally insulated tubular section connected to the outer tank and are accessible via this tubular section. Alternatively, the fuel replenishment check valve 7, the releasable backflow gas check valve 12, the pipe rupture safety device 17, the releasable extraction check valve 19 or the throttle 23, and the filling and extraction check valve 22 are arranged in the thermally insulated space 3 or in the inner tank 1. Alternatively, the fuel replenishment check valve 7 and / or the releasable backflow gas check valve 12 and / or the pipe rupture safety device 17 and / or the releasable extraction check valve 19 and / or the throttle 23 and / or the filling and extraction check valve 22 are arranged in the cryogenic tank 100 at locations separate from one another.

[0074] Preferably, the fuel replenishment and extraction of liquid or supercritical fuel is carried out via a common fuel replenishment and extraction line 11. Alternatively, the fuel replenishment and extraction of liquid or supercritical fuel is carried out via separate lines.

[0075] Preferably, the recirculation of gaseous fuel during fuel replenishment and the extraction of gaseous or supercritical fuel is carried out via a common fuel replenishment and extraction line 16. Alternatively, the recirculation of gaseous fuel during fuel replenishment and the extraction of gaseous or supercritical fuel is carried out via separate lines.

[0076] Preferably, the filling and extraction line 11 ends in the liquid space 10 of the inner tank 1. Alternatively, the filling and extraction line 11 ends in the gaseous space 16 of the inner tank 1, the extraction of liquid or supercritical fuel from the liquid space 10 being carried out through a hole in the filling and extraction line 11 which is as low as possible in position and has a smaller flow area than the flow area of the filling and extraction line 11.

[0077] The shut-off valve 21 is preferably arranged downstream of the heat exchanger 20, alternatively the shut-off valve 21 is arranged upstream of the heat exchanger 20, preferably in the region of the cryogenic valve.

[0078] The shut-off valve 21 is preferably arranged on or in the vicinity of the cryotank 100, optionally the shut-off valve 21 is part of the user.

[0079] Optionally, a pressure regulator is arranged in the extraction path.

[0080] Optionally, a pipe break safety device is arranged in the extraction path upstream or downstream of the heat exchanger in the extraction direction.

[0081] Preferably, the shut-off valve 21 is an electromagnetically actuated valve, optionally the opening process of the shut-off valve 21 is performed by any actuator or manually.

[0082] Preferably, the heat exchanger 20 and / or the shut-off valve 21 are arranged outside the vacuum insulated space 3, optionally the heat exchanger 20 and / or the shut-off valve 21 are arranged inside the vacuum insulated space 3.

[0083] Preferably, the pipe break safety device 17 is a seat valve, optionally the pipe break safety device 17 is a slide valve.

[0084] Preferably, the releasable extraction check valve 19 is a seat valve, optionally the releasable extraction check valve 19 is a slide valve.

[0085] Preferably, the filling and extraction check valve 22 is a seat valve, optionally the filling and extraction check valve 22 is a slide valve.

[0086] Preferably, the extraction check valve 24 is a seat valve, optionally the extraction check valve 24 is a slide valve.

[0087] Preferably, the fuel make-up check valve 7 is a seat valve.

[0088] Preferably, the releasable backflow gas check valve 12 is a seat valve.

[0089] Preferably, the pipe break safety device 17 in the open state allows a flow to the inner tank 1, optionally the pipe break safety device 17 in the open state closes the backflow gas and extraction line 16 to the inner tank and prevents or limits backflow.

[0090] Preferably, before switching, i.e. before the pipe break safety device 17 is closed, only gaseous or supercritical fuel is extracted and after switching, i.e. with the pipe break safety device 17 closed, only liquid or supercritical fuel is extracted. Optionally, before switching, i.e. before the pipe break safety device 17 is closed, essentially gaseous or supercritical fuel is extracted and after switching, i.e. with the pipe break safety device 17 closed, essentially liquid or supercritical fuel is extracted.

[0091] Preferably, the switch from gas extraction to liquid extraction through the pipe rupture safety device 17 occurs autonomously due to the pressure difference generated by the fluid passing through the pipe rupture safety device 17, which overcomes the force of the opening spring of the pipe rupture safety device 17, moving the closing body of the pipe rupture safety device 17 from the open position to the closed position. Alternatively, the switch from gas extraction to liquid extraction occurs through a short-term increase in the extraction volume triggered by the control unit beyond the corresponding pressure in the inner tank 1, which activates the extraction volume of the pipe rupture safety device 17 closing. If the switch does not occur over time due to low mass flow and thus there is a risk of the pressure in the inner tank 1 falling below the critical level, the switch needs to be activated by the control unit.

[0092] The reset, i.e. reopening, of the pipe rupture safety device 17, preferably takes place through a bypass hole in the pipe rupture safety device 17, alternatively the reset of the pipe rupture safety device 17 does not take place through an external bypass hole or a defined leak in the closing body of the pipe rupture safety device 17. Alternatively, no bypass hole is configured and the reset takes place through an increase in pressure in the extraction line 18, for example due to a leak of the releasable filling and extraction check valve 19 or due to a leak of the extraction check valve 24, or through the throttle valve 23.

[0093] Preferably, each switching component is designed as an independent component with defined functions, alternatively one component fulfils several functions, for example a throttle check valve.

[0094] Preferably, Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The cryogenic switching components are combined in one manageable assembly, for example a valve block, alternatively Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The cryogenic switching components are combined into individual assemblies or installed separately.

[0095] Preferably, the valve block with Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 is screwed to the filling port 5, alternatively the valve block with Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6The valve block of the cryogenic switch member is screwed to the vehicle side fuel refill coupling or clamped between the tank side filler neck 5 and the fuel refill coupling 6.

[0096] Preferably, the first and second extraction paths are used for refilling and extraction, optionally parts of the first and second extraction paths are used for refilling, extraction, maintaining the inner tank pressure and / or limiting the inner tank pressure.

[0097] Preferably, cryogenic hydrogen or cryogenic natural gas is stored in the cryogenic tank 100, optionally any cryogenic medium is stored in the cryogenic tank.

[0098] Preferably, the cryogenic tank 100 is used for mobile applications, optionally the cryogenic tank 100 is used for stationary applications.

[0099] Preferably, the filler neck 5 and the fuel refill coupling 6 on the cryogenic tank side are separate components, optionally the filler neck 5 and the fuel refill coupling 6 on the cryogenic tank side are designed as a single piece, i.e. the filler neck 5 contains all switch components of the fuel refill coupling 6 on the cryogenic tank side. Optionally, the filler neck 5 and the fuel refill coupling 6 on the cryogenic tank side are separate components and the filler neck 5 contains all or some switch components of the fuel refill coupling 6 on the cryogenic tank side.

[0100] Preferably, the fuel refill check valve 7 opens due to a pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the fuel refill check valve 7 during refueling, optionally the fuel refill check valve 7 opens as a result of the movable part of the fuel refill coupling 6 on the cryogenic tank side moving from the closed position to the open position during refueling due to the mechanical coupling between the closing body of the fuel refill check valve 7 and the closing body of the valve of the fuel refill coupling 6 on the cryogenic tank side, wherein the closing body of the valve of the fuel refill coupling 6 on the cryogenic tank side is preferably the closing body of a check valve. Optionally, the fuel refill check valve 7 opens by the movable part of the fuel refill coupling 6 on the cryogenic tank side and / or by the movable part of the fuel refill coupling 6 on the filling station side during refueling.

[0101] Preferably, as a result of the movement of the closing body of the fuel refill check valve 7 from the closed position to the open position during the fuel refill, the releasable backflow gas check valve 12 opens due to the mechanical coupling between the closing body of the fuel refill check valve 7 and the closing body of the releasable backflow gas check valve 12, optionally, as a result of the movement of the closing body of the valve of the fuel refill coupler 6 on the low-temperature tank side from the closed position to the open position during the fuel refill, the releasable backflow gas check valve 12 opens due to the mechanical coupling between the closing body of the releasable backflow gas check valve 12 and the closing body of the valve of the fuel refill coupler 6 on the low-temperature tank side, wherein the closing body of the valve of the fuel refill coupler 6 on the low-temperature tank side is preferably the closing body of a check valve. Optionally, during the fuel refill, the releasable backflow gas check valve 12 opens by means of the movable part of the fuel refill coupler 6 on the low-temperature tank side and / or by means of the movable part of the fuel refill coupler 6 on the filling station side.

[0102] Preferably, during the fuel refill, the fuel refill check valve 7 opens first, followed by the releasable backflow gas check valve 12, optionally, during the fuel refill, the releasable backflow gas check valve 12 opens first, followed by the fuel refill check valve 7. Optionally, during the fuel refill, the fuel refill check valve 7 and the releasable backflow gas check valve 12 open simultaneously.

[0103] Preferably, the releasable backflow gas check valve 12 is arranged coaxially with the fuel refill check valve 7, optionally, the releasable backflow gas check valve 12 is arranged in any position relative to the fuel refill check valve 7.

[0104] Preferably, the pipe break safety device 17 is arranged coaxially with the fuel refill check valve 7 and / or with the releasable backflow gas check valve 12, optionally, the pipe break safety device 17 is arranged in any position relative to the fuel refill check valve 7 and / or in any position relative to the releasable backflow gas check valve 12.

[0105] Preferably, the releasable backflow gas check valve 19 is arranged coaxially with the fuel refill check valve 7 and / or with the releasable backflow gas check valve 12 and / or with the pipe break safety device 17, optionally, the releasable backflow gas check valve 19 is arranged in any position relative to the fuel refill check valve 7 and / or in any position relative to the releasable backflow gas check valve 12 and / or in any position relative to the pipe break safety device 17.

[0106] In summary, contrary to the prior art, the low-temperature range only comprises non-actuated switching means for controlling the fuel refill and extraction in the form of check valves, releasable check valves, pipe break safety devices, throttles or combinations of these elements.

[0107] In summary, in contrast to the prior art, the switching member in the low temperature range for controlling fuel replenishment and extraction is combined in the valve block.

[0108] In summary, in contrast to the prior art, the switching member in the low temperature range for controlling fuel replenishment and extraction is located only in the installation space accessible via the filler neck, and is detachable after removal of the fuel replenishment coupling on the low temperature tank side.

[0109] List of reference signs

[0110] 1 inner tank

[0111] 2 outer tank

[0112] 3 vacuum insulation space

[0113] 4 insulation layer (MLI)

[0114] 5 filler neck

[0115] 6 fuel replenishment coupling on the low temperature tank side

[0116] 7 fuel replenishment check valve

[0117] 8 fuel replenishment line

[0118] 9 filler line

[0119] 10 liquid space

[0120] 11 filling and extraction line

[0121] 12 releasable backflow gas check valve

[0122] 13 gas backflow line

[0123] 14 backflow gas line

[0124] 15 gas space

[0125] 16 backflow gas and extraction line

[0126] 17 pipe rupture safety device with bypass hole

[0127] 18 extraction line

[0128] 19 releasable extraction check valve

[0129] 20 heat exchanger

[0130] 21 shut-off valve

[0131] 22 fuel replenishment and extraction check valve

[0132] 23 throttle valve

[0133] 24 extraction check valve

Claims

1. A cryogenic tank (100) comprising: Inner tank (1) for receiving a cryogenic medium; Outer tank (2) for defining a vacuum-insulated space (3) between the inner tank (1) and the outer tank (2), comprising an insulation layer (4) for reducing heat into the inner tank (1); an insulated filler neck (5) for accommodating a fuel replenishment coupling (6) on the cryogenic tank side; a fuel replenishment path between the fuel replenishment coupling (6) on the cryogenic tank side and the inner tank (1) for filling the inner tank (1) in liquid or supercritical phase; and an extraction path between the inner tank (1) and a shut-off valve (21) for extracting supercritical and / or gaseous and / or liquid phase, wherein a pressure difference between the fuel replenishment coupling (6) on the cryogenic tank side and the inner tank (1) enables fuel replenishment, and wherein a pressure difference between the inner tank (1) and the shut-off valve (21) enables extraction, characterized in that the extraction path comprises a first extraction path and a second extraction path, the first extraction path and the second extraction path connecting the inner tank (1) via an extraction line (18) to the shut-off valve (21), the first extraction path comprising a pipe rupture safety device (17) with an open position and a closed position for preferentially extracting gaseous or supercritical phase from the inner tank (1), wherein the pipe rupture safety device (17) in the open position enables extraction of gaseous or supercritical phase from the inner tank (1), wherein the pipe rupture safety device (17) in the closed position limits or prevents extraction of gaseous or supercritical phase from the inner tank (1), wherein the pipe rupture safety device (17) causes a pressure drop depending on the extraction quantity and the inner tank pressure when fluid passes through, and assumes the closed position at a predetermined extraction quantity, the second extraction path comprising a releasable extraction check valve (19) or extraction check valve (24) or a throttle valve (23) for preferentially extracting liquid or supercritical phase from the inner tank (1), and wherein the pipe rupture safety device (17) in the closed position enables extraction of liquid or supercritical phase via the second extraction path.

2. The cryogenic tank (100) of claim 1, characterized in that, Said releasable extraction check valve (19) assumes an open position and a closed position, wherein said releasable extraction check valve (19) in said open position enables extraction of a liquid or supercritical phase from said inner tank (1), wherein said releasable extraction check valve (19) in said closed position limits or prevents extraction of a liquid or supercritical phase from said inner tank (1), wherein, as a result of the movement of the closure body of said pipe break safety device (17) from the open position to the closed position, said releasable extraction check valve (19) closes when said pipe break safety device (17) opens and said releasable extraction check valve (19) opens when said pipe break safety device (17) closes, due to the mechanical coupling between the closure body of said pipe break safety device (17) and the closure body of said releasable extraction check valve (19), or due to the pressure difference between said inner tank (1) and said extraction line (18).

3. The cryogenic tank (100) of claim 1, wherein, Said extraction check valve (24) assumes an open position and a closed position, wherein said extraction check valve (24) in said open position enables extraction of a liquid or supercritical phase from said inner tank (1), wherein said extraction check valve (24) in said closed position limits or prevents extraction of a liquid or supercritical phase from said inner tank (1), wherein, due to the pressure difference between said inner tank (1) and said extraction line (18), said extraction check valve (24) closes when said pipe break safety device (17) opens and said extraction check valve (24) opens when said pipe break safety device (17) closes.

4. The cryogenic tank (100) of claim 1, wherein, Said throttle valve (23) enables extraction of a liquid or supercritical phase from said inner tank (1), said throttle valve (23) enabling at most 25% of the extraction amount of said first extraction path when said pipe break safety device (17) opens.

5. Cryogenic tank (100) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that Said fuel replenishment path comprises a first fuel replenishment path connecting a fuel replenishment line (8) of said fuel replenishment coupling (6) on the cryotank side to said inner tank (1), said first fuel replenishment path comprising a fuel replenishment check valve (7) having an open position and a closed position, wherein during fuel replenishment a pressure difference pushes said fuel replenishment check valve (7) into said open position, wherein said fuel replenishment check valve (7) in said open position enables supply of a liquid or supercritical or gaseous phase into said inner tank (1), and wherein said fuel replenishment check valve (7) in said closed position prevents a flow of medium from said inner tank (1) back to said fuel replenishment coupling (6) on the cryotank side.

6. Cryogenic tank (100) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The fuel replenishment path comprises a second fuel replenishment path connecting a gas return line (13) of the fuel replenishment coupling (6) on the side of the cryogenic tank to the inner tank (1), the second fuel replenishment path comprising a releasable return gas check valve (12) having an open position and a closed position, wherein the releasable return gas check valve (12) in the open position enables the discharge of a gas phase from the inner tank (1), wherein the releasable return gas check valve (12) in the open position enables the supply of a gas phase into the inner tank (1), wherein a pressure difference between the fuel replenishment coupling (6) on the side of the cryogenic tank and the inner tank (1) pushes the releasable return gas check valve (12) into the open position, wherein the releasable return gas check valve (12) in the closed position prevents a flow of medium from the inner tank (1) back to the fuel replenishment coupling (6) on the side of the cryogenic tank, wherein as a result of the movement of the closing body of the fuel replenishment check valve (7) from the open position into the closed position, either due to a mechanical coupling between the closing body of the fuel replenishment check valve (7) and the closing body of the releasable return gas check valve (12) or due to a pressure difference between the inlet or outlet of the fuel replenishment check valve (7) and the inlet or outlet of the releasable return gas check valve (12), the releasable return gas check valve (12) is closed when the fuel replenishment check valve (7) is open and the releasable return gas check valve (12) is open when the fuel replenishment check valve (7) is open.

7. The cryogenic tank (100) according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that, The first extraction path comprises a filling and extraction check valve (22) having an open position and a closed position, the filling and extraction check valve (22) being arranged downstream of the pipe break safety device in the extraction direction, wherein the filling and extraction check valve (22) can be pushed into the open position during extraction via the first extraction path, wherein the filling and extraction check valve (22) is closed during extraction via the second extraction path, the filling and extraction check valve (22) connecting the first extraction path and the second extraction path, the filling and extraction check valve (22) connecting the first fuel replenishment path and the second fuel replenishment path, and wherein the filling and extraction check valve (22) can be pushed into the closed position during fuel replenishment.

8. The cryogenic tank (100) according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The fuel replenishment check valve (7), the releasable return gas check valve (12), the pipe break safety device (17), the releasable extraction check valve (19) or the throttle valve (23) or the extraction check valve (24) and, if necessary, the fuel replenishment and extraction check valve (22) are arranged in an installation space accessible via the filling port (5) and are detachable after removal of the fuel replenishment coupling (6) on the vehicle side.

9. A method of extracting a cryogenic medium from a cryogenic tank (100) according to claims 1, 2 and 8, characterized in that, When the extraction check valve (19) is blocked, the gaseous or supercritical phase is supplied from the inner tank (1) to the extraction line (18) via the open pipe break safety device (17), when the pipe break safety device (19) is closed, the supercritical or liquid phase is supplied from the inner tank (1) to the extraction line (18) via the unblocked extraction check valve (19), the pressure difference between the inner tank (1) and the extraction line (18) is used as a control variable for closing the pipe break safety device (17), and the closing process of the pipe break safety device (17) or the pressure difference between the extraction line (18) and the inner tank (1) after the pipe break safety device (17) is closed is used to open the releasable extraction check valve (19).

10. A method of extracting a cryogenic medium from a cryogenic tank (100) according to claims 1, 3 and 8, characterized in that, When the extraction check valve (24) is closed, the gaseous or supercritical phase is supplied from the inner tank (1) to the extraction line (18) via the open pipe break safety device (17), when the pipe break safety device (19) is closed, the supercritical or liquid phase is supplied from the inner tank (1) to the extraction line (18) via the open extraction check valve (24), the pressure difference between the inner tank (1) and the extraction line (18) is used as a control variable for closing the pipe break safety device (17), and when the pipe break safety device (17) is closed, the extraction check valve (23) opens due to the pressure gradient between the fuel makeup line (8) and the inner tank (1).

11. A method of extracting a cryogenic medium from a cryogenic tank (100) according to claims 1, 4 and 8, characterized in that, The gaseous or supercritical phase is supplied from the inner tank (1) to the extraction line (18) substantially via the open pipe break safety device (17), when the pipe break safety device (19) is closed, the supercritical or liquid phase is supplied from the inner tank (1) to the extraction line (8) via the throttle valve (23), the pressure difference between the inner tank (1) and the extraction line (18) is used as a control variable for closing the pipe break safety device (17).

12. A method of refuelling a cryogenic tank (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8 with a cryogenic medium, characterised in that, The fuel makeup line (8) from the fuel makeup coupling (6) on the cryogenic tank side supplies the supercritical or liquid phase to the inner tank (1) via the open fuel makeup check valve (7), which opens due to the pressure gradient between the fuel makeup line (8) and the inner tank (1), when the backflow gas check valve (12) is not blocked, the gaseous phase is discharged from the inner tank (1) to the gas backflow line (13) of the fuel makeup coupling (6) on the cryogenic tank side, and the opening process of the fuel makeup check valve (7) or the pressure difference between the first fuel makeup path and the second fuel makeup path is used to open the releasable backflow gas check valve (12).

13. A method of refuelling a cryogenic tank (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8 with a cryogenic medium, characterized in that, The fuel makeup line (8) from the fuel makeup coupling (6) on the cryogenic tank side supplies the supercritical or liquid phase to the inner tank (1) via the open fuel makeup check valve (7), and the fuel makeup check valve (7) opens due to the pressure gradient between the fuel makeup line (8) and the inner tank (1).

Images