High-quality and high-efficiency cutting seedling raising method for olea europaea in hilly areas in Sichuan

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-quality and high-efficiency cutting seedling raising method for olea europaea in a hilly area in Sichuan, and relates to the technical field of economic forest seedling raising, according to the method, the types and concentrations of cutting rooting solutions corresponding to five suitable good varieties of Arbequina, piguar, Arbosana, Huzhou No.8 and Coratian in the hilly area in Sichuan are screened out, the cutting rooting rate is greatly increased, the average rooting rate is about 78%, and the yield is greatly increased. Especially, the cutting rooting rate of a corallina variety difficult to root reaches 70% or above, the seedling raising period is shortened by half a year to nine months, the quality of outplanting nursery stocks is improved, annual nursery stocks all reach the second-level nursery stock standard, and the proportion of the first-level nursery stocks is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of economic forest seedling technology, and in particular to a high-quality and efficient method for propagating olive trees by cuttings in the hilly areas of central Sichuan. Background Technology

[0002] Olive is a world-renowned woody oilseed tree species. Its olive oil, rich in unsaturated fatty acids and various bioactive substances, possesses extremely high economic and nutritional value and is listed as one of the ten key woody oilseed tree species for development in my country. Over the past two decades, the olive industry has developed rapidly, with a current planting area of ​​approximately 2 million mu (about 133,333 hectares) nationwide. It is mainly distributed in three suitable growing areas: the low mountain valleys of the middle and lower reaches of the Bailong River, the dry and hot valleys of the Jinsha River, and the low mountain valleys and hilly areas of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. With the continuous growth in market demand for olive oil, the scale of olive planting is constantly expanding. Coupled with the urgent need for the transformation of large-scale low-yield orchards, the demand for high-quality olive seedlings is constantly increasing. Sichuan Province has the largest suitable olive growing area in China. Currently, mature olive orchards in Sichuan Province and even nationwide generally suffer from low average yields and a large proportion of low-yield and inefficient orchards, urgently requiring improvement in quality and efficiency. With the continuous expansion of olive cultivation in the low mountain valleys and hilly areas of the upper Yangtze River, coupled with the urgent need for large-scale transformation of low-yield orchards, the demand for high-quality olive seedlings is constantly increasing. However, the region still lacks high-quality and efficient cutting propagation techniques for olives. Most of the olive seedlings planted in this region come from other areas, and seedlings from other regions are prone to problems such as mixed varieties and poor adaptability, which to some extent is also an important reason for the low yield and efficiency of olive cultivation in this region.

[0003] The cultivation of high-quality seedlings is a crucial foundation for the development of the olive industry. Seedling cultivation techniques directly affect seedling quality, survival rate, and subsequent growth and yield. Cutting propagation is an important method for obtaining high-quality olive seedlings. In practical applications, appropriate cutting propagation techniques must be selected based on local climate conditions, resource availability, and production needs to achieve high-quality and efficient cultivation of olive seedlings. In the hilly areas of central Sichuan, existing olive cutting propagation methods generally suffer from long cultivation cycles and low efficiency. Rooting time typically takes 3-4 months, and the time from cutting to planting usually takes 1.5-2 years. Seedling root quality is insufficient, and the survival rate is low, mostly between 60% and 75%. Therefore, developing suitable cutting propagation techniques is of great significance for the industrialization of olive cultivation in the hilly areas of central Sichuan and even the low mountain valleys and hilly areas of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems of low rooting rate, long seedling cultivation period, and low seedling quality in olive cutting propagation techniques in the hilly areas of central Sichuan, the present invention aims to provide a high-quality and efficient cutting propagation method for olives in the hilly areas of central Sichuan. This method is applicable to multiple suitable varieties and can improve the survival rate and adaptability of these varieties in the hilly areas of central Sichuan.

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the technical solution adopted in this invention is: Firstly, this invention provides a high-quality and efficient method for propagating olive trees by cuttings in the hilly areas of central Sichuan, including at least five olive varieties: Arbequina, Ezhi 8, Arbosana, Piguar, and Kolati. The method includes: cutting treatment, wherein the cutting treatment involves immersing the lower cut of the olive cutting in a rooting solution; wherein... For the Arbequina cultivar, the rooting solution is selected from one of the following: 2.5 g / L IBA aqueous solution, 2.5 g / L IAA aqueous solution, or an aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IBA and 15 mM putrescine; For the Ezhi No. 8 variety, the rooting solution is selected from one of the following: 1.5 g / L IBA aqueous solution, 2.0 g / L IAA aqueous solution, or an aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IBA and 15 mM putrescine; For the Arbosana variety, the rooting solution is selected from one of the following: 2.0 g / L IBA aqueous solution, 2.0 g / L IAA aqueous solution, or an aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IBA and 10 mM putrescine; For the Piguar variety, the rooting solution is selected from one of the following: 1.5 g / L IBA aqueous solution, 1.5 g / L IAA aqueous solution, or an aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IBA and 5 mM putrescine; For the cultivar Kolati, the rooting solution is selected from one of the following: 2.0 g / L IBA aqueous solution, 2.5 g / L IAA aqueous solution, or an aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IBA and 15 mM putrescine.

[0006] Preferably, for the Arbequina variety, the rooting solution is an aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IBA and 15 mM putrescine; for the Ezhi 8 variety, the rooting solution is an aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IAA; for the Arbosana variety, the rooting solution is an aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IBA and 10 mM putrescine; and for the Piguar variety, the rooting solution is an aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IBA and 5 mM putrescine.

[0007] Preferably, the lower cut of the olive cutting is immersed in the rooting solution to a depth of 2-3 cm for 5-10 minutes.

[0008] More preferably, before processing the cuttings, the cuttings are cut into lengths of 8-10 cm, with 2-3 nodes remaining, and one pair of leaves is retained at the top of the cutting and one pair of buds is retained in the middle; preferably, the lower end of the cutting is cut at a 40°-50° angle and the upper end is cut flat; 30-50 cuttings are bundled together.

[0009] More preferably, the cuttings are healthy, one-year-old semi-lignified branches from the outer periphery of the canopy of mature olive trees, free from pests and diseases; preferably, the diameter is 2mm to 5mm.

[0010] Preferably, the method further includes: cutting propagation and post-planting management after scion treatment; more preferably, the scions are inserted into the seedbed with a row spacing of 3-5 cm and a plant spacing of 2-3 cm, and the insertion depth is 2-4 cm.

[0011] Preferably, the rooting rate of the cuttings obtained after cutting and post-cutting management is not less than 50%, and the root length is not less than 2cm; more preferably, the rooting rate of the cuttings is not less than 70%, and the root length is not less than 5cm.

[0012] More preferably, the post-insertion management includes at least temperature management, humidity management, light management, and foliar fertilization; preferably, the temperature management includes: an ambient temperature of 20-25℃ and a rooting soil temperature of 15-20℃ during the physiological recovery period; an ambient temperature of 20-25℃ and a rooting soil temperature of 15-20℃ during the callus formation and minor rooting periods; and an ambient temperature of 22-25℃ during the major rooting period; the humidity management includes: an ambient humidity of 80-90% during the physiological recovery period; an ambient humidity of 80-85% during the callus formation and minor rooting periods; and an ambient humidity of 75-80% during the major rooting period; the light management includes: an ambient light transmittance of 20-30% during the physiological recovery period; an ambient light transmittance of 30-40% during the callus formation period; an ambient light transmittance of 40-50% during the minor rooting period; and an ambient light transmittance of 60-70% during the major rooting period; the foliar fertilization includes: applying 0.05% foliar fertilizer every 8-12 days during the callus formation period. Apply foliar fertilizer with a concentration of 0.1% boric acid and 0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate before 8:00 AM or after 5:00 PM, spraying once. During the rooting period, apply foliar fertilizer with a concentration of 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.05% boric acid every 6-8 days, spraying once.

[0013] Furthermore, the method also includes: transplanting and seedling raising; preferably, 70 to 80 days after cutting, the rooted seedlings are transplanted into nutrient pots containing neutral or slightly alkaline soil with organic fertilizer.

[0014] Preferably, the seedling nutrient soil is prepared with an organic fertilizer: loam mass ratio of 1:3, the ambient light transmittance is 75-80%, watering is done 1-2 times per week, and urea is applied once every 10-15 days at a concentration of 0.1-0.2%; more preferably, the shading net is removed after the rooted seedlings sprout new shoots; when the seedlings are 90-100cm tall and have a ground diameter of 1cm, they can be transplanted.

[0015] The advantages and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Firstly, the method of this invention screens out the types and concentrations of rooting solutions for five suitable and superior varieties in the hilly areas of central Sichuan: Arbequina, Piguar, Arbosana, Ezhi No. 8, and Kolati. This greatly improves the rooting rate of cuttings (the average rooting rate is about 78%, especially the difficult-to-root variety Kolati, whose rooting rate reaches more than 70%), shortens the seedling cultivation cycle by 6 to 9 months, and improves the quality of seedlings (all 1-year-old seedlings meet the standard of Grade 2 seedlings, and the proportion of Grade 1 seedlings is high).

[0016] Secondly, the method of this invention for propagation by cuttings is low-cost and easy to promote and apply. The propagation facilities can be simple, using only a simple greenhouse, a simple seedbed, and a simple high-pressure misting system to regulate temperature and humidity; the soil for propagation can also be a mixture of perlite and vermiculite. This soil is low-cost, readily available, and easy to operate, resulting in low propagation costs.

[0017] Thirdly, the method of this invention is applicable to the suitable olive growing areas in the low mountain valleys and hilly areas of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The promotion of the technology can promote the development of the olive seedling industry in the hilly areas of central Sichuan towards high efficiency and large scale, and meet the current needs of expanding olive planting and transforming low-yield orchards in the hilly areas of central Sichuan and even the low mountain valleys and hilly areas of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This shows the rooting of Arbequina in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This shows the rooting of Arbosana in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is the rooting situation of Coraldi in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This shows the rooting status of Ezhi No. 8 in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This shows the rooting of Piguar in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a photograph of an annual Arbequina seedling in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a photo of an annual Arbosana seedling in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a photograph of a one-year-old seedling of Corrati in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a photo of one-year-old seedlings of Ezhi No. 8 in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 10 This is a photograph of a one-year-old seedling of Piguar in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] In the embodiments of the present invention, the five suitable and superior varieties, namely Arbequina, Piguar, Arbosana, Ezhi No. 8, and Kolati, were all planted in the Jintang Huaikou Sichuan Central Olive Demonstration Garden. The cuttings were taken from the robust one-year-old semi-lignified branches in the upper part of the crown of mature olive trees in the demonstration garden.

[0029] In this embodiment of the invention, before propagation by cuttings, a seed shed and seedbeds need to be prepared. The seed shed is constructed as follows: a simple steel-framed plastic greenhouse is built in a sheltered, sunny location with convenient irrigation and drainage, a flat plot, deep soil, and minimal water accumulation. The greenhouse is 2-2.2 meters high and 7-9 meters wide. Agricultural film is placed over the greenhouse, and film rollers are installed on both sides for ventilation. A shade net is placed over the agricultural film to control the light transmittance to 25-30%, creating a suitable light environment for the cuttings. The seedbeds are prepared by digging 3-4 seedbeds inside the seed shed. Each seedbed is 1-1.5 meters wide, 12-15 centimeters deep, and 0.30-0.35 meters high. Drainage ditches are dug around the seedbeds. The seedbeds consist of three layers: a bottom layer of 8-12 centimeters of crop straw, a middle layer of 10-15 centimeters of river sand, and a top layer of 10-15 centimeters of rooting soil. A permeable plastic film separates the straw and river sand. The rooting medium is a mixture of perlite and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 8:1. Two to three days before planting, the seedbed should be disinfected with a 0.3-0.5% potassium permanganate solution (or a 500-800 times dilution of carbendazim solution or a 600-1000 times dilution of thiophanate-methyl solution). After disinfection, the seedbed should be leveled to ensure the substrate is clean and sterile.

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application are clearly described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0031] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods, performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] In this embodiment, the rooting solution screening process of olive cuttings in the hilly area of ​​central Sichuan is carried out as follows: (1) Cutting selection: Select cuttings of five suitable and excellent varieties, namely Arbequina, Piguar, Arbosana, Ezhi No. 8 and Kolati, which are free from pests and diseases, have good growth status, and have a thickness of 2mm to 5mm and upward-growing leaves, to be collected in the morning, afternoon or on cloudy days. (2) Cuttings: Cut the cuttings into 8-10cm lengths, leaving 2-3 nodes. Retain one pair of leaves at the top of the cutting and one pair of buds in the middle. Cut the lower end of the cutting at a 45° angle and the upper end horizontally. During the cutting process, spray water frequently to keep the cuttings moist and prevent them from being exposed to wind and sun. Bundle 30 cuttings together and treat each variety with each rooting solution 3 times.

[0034] (3) Cutting treatment: Immerse the lower cut of the olive cutting in the rooting solution for 10 minutes, and insert it to a depth of 2-3 cm. The composition of the rooting solution and the rooting status are shown in Table 1. In this example, the rooting effect of different types of rooting solutions (IBA, IAA, or IBA + putrescine) and concentrations was investigated for 5 suitable varieties. The concentration of IBA rooting solution was 1.5-2.5 g / L; the concentration of IAA rooting solution was 1.5-2.5 g / L; and the concentration of IBA in the "IBA + putrescine" rooting solution was 1.5-2.5 g / L and the concentration of putrescine was 5-15 mM.

[0035] (4) Cuttings: Insert the cuttings soaked in rooting solution into the seedbed at a row spacing of 3-5cm and a plant spacing of 2-3cm, exposing the tender leaves. The insertion depth is 2-4cm, so that the cuttings are in close contact with the substrate. Water thoroughly immediately after insertion to maintain suitable humidity and temperature in the seedbed.

[0036] (5) Post-planting management: (5-1) Temperature Management: Temperature requirements vary at different stages after cutting. During the physiological recovery period, the air temperature inside the seedling shed should be maintained at 20–25℃, and the soil temperature at 15–20℃. During the callus formation period and the small-scale rooting period, the temperature inside the seedling shed should be maintained at 20–25℃, and the soil temperature at 15–20℃. During the large-scale rooting period, the temperature inside the seedling shed should be controlled at 22–25℃. Temperature regulation can be achieved by covering or removing shade nets and plastic films, as well as watering. When the air temperature is too high, such as exceeding 30℃ at noon during the physiological recovery period, or exceeding 25℃ at noon during the callus formation period and the small-scale rooting period, it is necessary to open the plastic films at both ends of the seedling shed for ventilation and misting to cool it down. (5-2) Humidity management: During the physiological recovery period, the humidity should be controlled at 80-90%; during the callus formation period and the period of a small amount of rooting, the humidity should be adjusted to 80-85%; during the period of a large amount of rooting, the humidity should be controlled at 75-80%. Maintain the appropriate humidity in the seedbed by spraying or other means to keep the cuttings and their leaf surfaces moist but not waterlogged, to prevent wilting due to water loss, and to avoid the cuttings from being affected by insufficient or excessive water. (5-3) Light management: During the physiological recovery period, the light transmittance of the shading net should be set to 20-30%. When the light transmittance of a single layer of shading net exceeds 30%, two layers of shading net should be used. During the callus formation period, the light transmittance of the shading net should be adjusted to 30-40%. When the light transmittance of a double layer of shading net is less than 30%, one layer of shading net should be removed. During the small-scale rooting period, the light transmittance of the shading net should be 40-50%. During the large-scale rooting period, the light transmittance of the shading net should be increased to 60-70%. The light intensity should be gradually increased to promote the photosynthesis of cuttings and root growth. (5-4) Foliar fertilization: During the callus formation period, apply 0.05% boric acid and 0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 10 days, before 8 am or after 5 pm, and spray once. During the rooting period, apply 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.05% boric acid every 7 days, and spray once. (6) After 80 days of cutting, the rooting rate, number of roots and average root length of each variety were statistically analyzed. The specific calculation formula is as follows: Rooting rate (%) = (Number of individuals successfully rooted by each rooting solution of the same variety / Total number of individuals) × 100%; Root count = Total number of roots of all plants of the same variety / Number of plants; Average root length = sum of the total root length of all plants of the same variety / number of roots of all plants; The results are shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows that for the Arbequina variety, using 2.5 g / L IBA rooting solution alone is more effective than other IBA concentrations in terms of rooting rate, root quantity, and average root length. Similarly, using IAA rooting solution alone at a concentration of 2.5 g / L also yields relatively better results. However, the rooting solution of 2.0 g / L IBA + 15 mM putrescine shows the best results among all rooting solutions in terms of rooting rate, root quantity, and average root length. For the Ezhi 8 variety, the best results in terms of rooting rate, root quantity, and average root length are achieved with 2 g / L IAA, followed by 1.5 g / L IBA, and then the 2.0 g / L IBA + 15 mM putrescine rooting solution. For the Arbosana variety, the rooting solutions 2.0 g / L IBA and 2.0 g / L IAA were equally effective, while the solution of 2.0 g / L IBA + 10 mM putrescine showed the best results. For the Piguar variety, the best results in terms of rooting rate, root quantity, and average root length were achieved with the solution of 2.0 g / L IBA + 5 mM putrescine, followed by 1.5 g / L IAA, and then 1.5 g / L IBA. For the Colati variety, the solutions of 2.0 g / L IBA, 2.5 g / L IAA, and 2.0 g / L IBA + 15 mM putrescine showed relatively the best results in terms of rooting rate, root quantity, and average root length, with comparable effectiveness. Figures 1-5 The images show rooting specimens of five varieties: Arbequina (IBA + putrescine, 2.0 g / L + 15 mM), Arbosana (IBA + putrescine, 2.0 g / L + 10 mM), Corati (IBA + putrescine, 2.0 g / L + 15 mM), Ezhi No. 8 (IAA, 2.5 g / L), and Piguar (IBA + putrescine, 2.0 g / L + 15 mM).

[0037] Table 1. Rooting status of cuttings of five suitable and superior olive varieties in the hilly area of ​​central Sichuan.

[0038] Note: Rooting rate is expressed as a percentage, and average root length is expressed in cm.

[0039] Example 2 Based on Example 1, this example involves transplanting and container seedling cultivation of all rooted plants from the five olive varieties listed in Table 1 to further examine the growth status of these rooted plants in container seedling cultivation, as detailed below: (1) Transplanting time: Transplant all rooted seedlings of the five varieties into nutrient pots containing neutral soil with organic fertilizer; the nutrient pot size is 30cm × 30cm, and the nutrient soil is mixed with organic fertilizer and loam in a ratio of 1:3. Use bamboo or sticks to support the seedlings in the nutrient pots to prevent them from falling over.

[0040] (2) Container seedling cultivation: Place the seedling pots in the seedbed, water thoroughly to settle the roots, cover the top of the seed shed with a shade net, control the light transmittance to 75-80%, water 1-2 times a week, and apply urea once every 10-15 days at a concentration of 0.1-0.2%. Once the rooted seedlings sprout new shoots, the shade net can be removed. The growth of the seedlings one year after transplanting into the seedling pots is shown in Table 2.

[0041] As can be seen from Table 2, the average height of the seedlings of the five varieties after one year of cupping in the cutting bed in this embodiment is above 95cm, with the highest reaching 120cm. The average diameter at root is above 9.5mm, with the highest reaching 13mm. Except for Coraldi, the proportion of Grade I seedlings reaches more than 57%, and the proportion of Grade II Coraldi seedlings in this embodiment reaches 86%. In the forestry industry standard for olive (LY-T 1532—2021), the standard for two-year-old olive cutting seedlings is: two-year-old cutting seedlings: (1) Grade I seedlings: diameter at root 1.2cm, height 110cm; (2) Grade II seedlings: diameter at root 1.0cm, height 90cm. It can be seen that the present invention shortens the seedling cultivation period by half a year to nine months and can achieve the standard of high-quality seedlings for sale. Figures 6-10 Photos of the growth of one-year-old seedlings of Arbequina, Arbosana, Corati, Ezhi No. 8, and Piguar are provided.

[0042] Table 2. Growth survey of olive cuttings after transplanting (1 year after the cuttings were placed in pots)

[0043] Example 3 This embodiment provides a complete method for olive propagation by cuttings in the hilly areas of central Sichuan, as detailed below: (a) Preparation of seed sheds and seedbeds (1) Construction of seedling shed: Select a sheltered, sunny, well-drained, flat, deep soil layer and not easy to accumulate water to build a simple steel frame plastic shed. The height is 2-2.2m and the width is 7-9m. The shed is covered with agricultural film, and film rollers are installed on both sides to facilitate ventilation. Shading net is added on the agricultural film to control the light transmittance to 25-30% to create a suitable light environment for the cuttings.

[0044] (2) Seedbed preparation: Dig 3-4 seedbeds inside the plastic greenhouse. The seedbeds should be 1-1.5m wide and 0.30-0.35m high, with drainage ditches dug around them. The seedbeds should consist of 3 layers: the bottom layer should be 8-12cm thick crop straw, the middle layer should be 10-15cm thick river sand, and the top layer should be 10-15cm thick rooting medium. The straw and river sand should be separated by a permeable plastic film. The rooting medium should be a mixture of perlite and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 8:1. Two to three days before planting, disinfect the seedbeds with a 0.3-0.5% potassium permanganate solution, a 500-800 times diluted carbendazim solution, or a 600-1000 times diluted methyl thiophanate solution. After disinfection, level the seedbeds and ensure the substrate is clean and sterile.

[0045] (II) Preparation of scions (1) Selection of cuttings: Select healthy one-year-old semi-lignified branches from the outer periphery of the canopy of mature olive trees as cuttings. The selected branches should be free from pests and diseases, in good growth condition, with a thickness of 2mm to 5mm and the leaves growing upwards. Select branches to collect in the morning, afternoon or on cloudy days. (2) Cuttings: Cut the cuttings into 8-10cm lengths, leaving 2-3 nodes. Keep one pair of leaves at the top of the cutting and one pair of buds in the middle. Cut the lower end of the cutting at a 45° angle and the upper end flat. During the cutting process, spray water frequently to keep the cuttings moist and prevent them from being exposed to wind and sun. Bundle 30-50 cuttings together.

[0046] (3) Cutting treatment: Rooting solutions include three types: IBA, IAA, and IBA + putrescine. The concentrations of IBA and IAA are 1.5–2.5 g / L, and the concentration of putrescine is 5–15 mM. Specifically, for the Arbequina variety, the rooting solution is selected from one of the following: a 2.5 g / L IBA aqueous solution, a 2.5 g / L IAA aqueous solution, or an aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IBA and 15 mM putrescine. For the Ezhi No. 8 variety, the rooting solution is selected from one of the following: 1.5 g / L IBA aqueous solution, 2.0 g / L IAA aqueous solution, or aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IBA and 15 mM putrescine; For the Arbosana variety, the rooting solution is selected from one of the following: 2.0 g / L IBA aqueous solution, 2.0 g / L IAA aqueous solution, or aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IBA and 10 mM putrescine; For the Piguar variety, the rooting solution is selected from one of the following: 1.5 g / L IBA aqueous solution, 1.5 g / L IAA aqueous solution, or aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IBA and 5 mM putrescine; For the Kolatil cultivar, the rooting solution is selected from one of the following: 2.0 g / L IBA aqueous solution, 2.5 g / L IAA aqueous solution, or an aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IBA and 15 mM putrescine.

[0047] Soak the lower cut of the olive cutting in rooting solution for 5-10 minutes, and insert it to a depth of 2-3 cm.

[0048] (iii) Cuttings Insert the rooting solution-soaked cuttings into the seedbed with a row spacing of 3-5 cm and a plant spacing of 2-3 cm, leaving the tender leaves exposed. The insertion depth should be 2-4 cm to ensure close contact between the cuttings and the substrate. Water thoroughly immediately after insertion to maintain suitable humidity and temperature in the seedbed.

[0049] (iv) Post-planting management (1) Temperature Management: The temperature requirements vary at different stages after cutting. During the physiological recovery period, the air temperature in the seedling shed should be maintained at 20-25℃, and the soil temperature should be 15-20℃. During the callus formation period and the small-scale rooting period, the temperature in the seedling shed should be maintained at 20-25℃, and the soil temperature should be controlled at 15-20℃. During the large-scale rooting period, the temperature in the seedling shed should be controlled at 22-25℃. The temperature can be adjusted by covering or removing the shade net, plastic film, and watering. When the air temperature is too high, such as when the air temperature exceeds 30℃ at noon during the physiological recovery period, or exceeds 25℃ at noon during the callus formation period and the small-scale rooting period, it is necessary to open the plastic film at both ends of the seedling shed for ventilation and spraying to cool down. (2) Humidity management: During the physiological recovery period, the humidity should be controlled at 80-90%; during the callus formation period and the small rooting period, the humidity should be adjusted to 80-85%; during the large rooting period, the humidity should be controlled at 75-80%. Maintain the appropriate humidity in the seedbed by spraying or other means to keep the cuttings and their leaf surfaces moist but not waterlogged, to prevent wilting due to water loss, and to avoid the cuttings from being affected by insufficient or excessive water. (3) Light management: During the physiological recovery period, the light transmittance of the shading net should be set to 20-30%. When the light transmittance of a single layer of shading net exceeds 30%, two layers of shading net should be covered. During the callus formation period, the light transmittance of the shading net should be adjusted to 30-40%. When the light transmittance of a double layer of shading net is less than 30%, one layer of shading net should be removed. During the small-scale rooting period, the light transmittance of the shading net should be 40-50%. During the large-scale rooting period, the light transmittance of the shading net should be increased to 60-70%. The light intensity should be gradually increased to promote the photosynthesis of cuttings and root growth. (4) Foliar fertilization: During the callus formation period, apply 0.05% boric acid and 0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 10 days, before 8 am or after 5 pm, and spray once. During the rooting period, apply 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.05% boric acid every 7 days, and spray once. (v) Transplanting and container seedling raising (1) Transplanting time: When the rooting rate of the cuttings is ≥50% and the root length of the cuttings is 2-3cm, the rooted seedlings are transplanted into nutrient pots containing neutral or slightly alkaline soil with organic fertilizer. Generally, transplanting can be carried out 70-80 days after cutting.

[0050] (2) Container seedling raising: After transplanting, a nursery site needs to be established, the land leveled and seedbeds made. The nutrient pots are placed in the seedbeds and thoroughly watered. The nutrient pots are 30cm × 30cm in size. The nutrient soil is mixed with organic fertilizer and loam in a ratio of 1:3. Bamboo and sticks are used to support the seedlings in the nutrient pots to prevent them from falling over. A hardening-off shed is built on the seedbed, with 3 to 4 seedbeds inside. The seedbeds are 1.2 to 1.5m wide and 12 to 15cm deep. The top of the hardening-off shed is covered with a shade net, and the light transmittance is controlled at 75 to 80%. Water is applied 1 to 2 times a week, and urea is applied once every 10 to 15 days at a concentration of 0.1 to 0.2%. The shade net can be removed after the rooted seedlings sprout new shoots. When the seedlings are 90 to 100cm tall and have a ground diameter of 1cm, they can be transplanted.

[0051] In summary, the method of this invention can significantly improve the rooting rate of cuttings for five suitable and superior varieties—Arbequina, Piguar, Arbosana, Ezhi No. 8, and Kolati—in the hilly areas of central Sichuan. This method is also well-suited to the climatic conditions of the hilly areas of central Sichuan. Cutting propagation can be carried out using simple seedling facilities such as simple greenhouses, simple seedbeds, and simple temperature and humidity control facilities. The operation is simple, the cost is low, and the cutting propagation results in high rooting rates (an average of 78%, especially for the difficult-to-root variety Kolati, where the rooting rate reaches over 70%), short seedling cultivation cycles (six to nine months), and high-quality seedlings (all one-year-old seedlings meet the Grade 2 seedling standard, with a high proportion of Grade 1 seedlings). Currently, the promotion and application of this method can facilitate the efficient and large-scale development of olive seedling cultivation in the hilly areas of central Sichuan, meeting the needs of expanding olive planting and transforming low-yield orchards in the low mountain valleys and hilly areas of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in my country.

[0052] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. The embodiments described above merely illustrate several implementations of the invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A high-quality and efficient method for propagating olive trees by cuttings in the hilly areas of central Sichuan, comprising at least five olive varieties: Arbequina, Ezhi 8, Arbosana, Piguar, and Kolati, characterized in that... The method includes: cutting treatment, wherein the cutting treatment involves immersing the lower cut of an olive cutting in rooting solution; wherein... For the Arbequina cultivar, the rooting solution is selected from one of the following: 2.5 g / L IBA aqueous solution, 2.5 g / L IAA aqueous solution, or an aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IBA and 15 mM putrescine; For the Ezhi No. 8 variety, the rooting solution is selected from one of the following: 1.5 g / L IBA aqueous solution, 2.0 g / L IAA aqueous solution, or an aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IBA and 15 mM putrescine; For the Arbosana variety, the rooting solution is selected from one of the following: 2.0 g / L IBA aqueous solution, 2.0 g / L IAA aqueous solution, or an aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IBA and 10 mM putrescine; For the Piguar variety, the rooting solution is selected from one of the following: 1.5 g / L IBA aqueous solution, 1.5 g / L IAA aqueous solution, or an aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IBA and 5 mM putrescine; For the cultivar Kolati, the rooting solution is selected from one of the following: 2.0 g / L IBA aqueous solution, 2.5 g / L IAA aqueous solution, or an aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IBA and 15 mM putrescine.

2. The method for propagating seedlings by cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that, For the Arbequina variety, the rooting solution is an aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IBA and 15 mM putrescine; for the Ezhi 8 variety, the rooting solution is an aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IAA; for the Arbosana variety, the rooting solution is an aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IBA and 10 mM putrescine; and for the Piguar variety, the rooting solution is an aqueous solution containing 2.0 g / L IBA and 5 mM putrescine.

3. The method for propagating seedlings by cuttings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The lower cut of the olive cutting should be immersed in rooting solution to a depth of 2-3 cm for 5-10 minutes.

4. The method for propagating seedlings by cuttings according to claim 3, characterized in that, Before processing the cuttings, cut them into lengths of 8-10 cm, leaving 2-3 nodes, with one pair of leaves at the top and one pair of buds in the middle.

5. The method for propagating seedlings by cuttings according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cuttings are healthy, one-year-old semi-lignified branches from the outer periphery of the canopy of mature olive trees, free from pests and diseases.

6. The method for propagating seedlings by cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes: cutting propagation after scion treatment and post-planting management.

7. The method for propagating seedlings by cuttings according to claim 6, characterized in that, The rooting rate of cuttings obtained after cutting and post-cutting management should not be less than 50%, and the root length should not be less than 2cm.

8. The method for propagating seedlings by cuttings according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The post-planting management includes at least temperature management, humidity management, light management, and foliar fertilization. Temperature management includes: an ambient temperature of 20–25℃ and a rooting soil temperature of 15–20℃ during the physiological recovery period; an ambient temperature of 20–25℃ and a rooting soil temperature of 15–20℃ during the callus formation and minor rooting periods; and an ambient temperature of 22–25℃ during the major rooting period. Humidity management includes: an ambient humidity of 80–90% during the physiological recovery period; an ambient humidity of 80–85% during the callus formation and minor rooting periods; and an ambient humidity of 75–80% during the major rooting period. Light management includes: an ambient light transmittance of 20–30% during the physiological recovery period; an ambient light transmittance of 30–40% during the callus formation period; an ambient light transmittance of 40–50% during the minor rooting period; and an ambient light transmittance of 60–70% during the major rooting period. Foliar fertilization includes: applying 0.05% foliar fertilizer every 8–12 days during the callus formation period. Apply foliar fertilizer with a concentration of 0.1% boric acid and 0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate before 8:00 AM or after 5:00 PM, spraying once. During the rooting period, apply foliar fertilizer with a concentration of 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.05% boric acid every 6-8 days, spraying once.

9. The method for propagating seedlings by cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes transplanting and seedling raising.

10. The method for propagating seedlings by cuttings according to claim 9, characterized in that, The seedling potting soil is prepared with an organic fertilizer: loam ratio of 1:3 by mass, and the light transmittance is 75-80%. It is watered 1-2 times a week and urea is applied once every 10-15 days at a concentration of 0.1-0.2%.

Images