Corn ridge culture wide-film drip irrigation close planting cultivation method and corn ridge culture wide-film drip irrigation close planting cultivation system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and discloses a corn ridge culture wide-film drip irrigation close planting cultivation method and system. According to the system, a ridge culture and film covering mode is adopted, and a large ridge with the ridge face width being 150 cm and the ridge height being 30 cm is constructed in a planting unit with the width being 200 cm through mechanical operation. Two-zone four-row corn is planted on the ridges in a wide-narrow row mode of 30 cm to 70 cm to 30 cm, and the plant spacing is controlled to be 16.5 cm to 16.7 cm; and a drip irrigation belt is laid in the center of each of the two formed planting belts, and finally a dense planting layout of two belts, two pipes and four rows is formed. The layout is integrally covered by a wide mulching film of 180-200cm, and accurate water and fertilizer integrated management is carried out through drip irrigation under the mulching film. By optimizing the water and fertilizer microenvironment of the root zone and constructing the efficient group canopy structure, the bottleneck of close planting is effectively broken through, the water utilization efficiency is remarkably improved, meanwhile, the yield increasing potential of corn is fully excavated, and finally the unified target of water saving, high yield and high efficiency is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically to a method and system for high-density planting of corn using wide-film drip irrigation in ridge cultivation. Background Technology

[0002] As a key food crop in my country, maize has been the subject of long-term exploration and practice by those skilled in the art. On the one hand, in pursuit of maximum yield, researchers have developed high-yield cultivation models, such as ridge-furrow irrigation. This type of technology, by optimizing field architecture, can indeed achieve extremely high yields per unit area under specific conditions. However, achieving high yields often comes at the cost of enormous water consumption, resulting in less than ideal water efficiency. This severely restricts its application in areas with high water prices and severely limited water resources, making large-scale promotion difficult.

[0003] On the other hand, to address the challenge of water scarcity, water-saving technologies centered on mulching combined with drip irrigation have emerged and been widely applied. This technology significantly improves water use efficiency by suppressing evaporation through mulch and delivering precise water through drip irrigation, achieving recognized success in water conservation. Nevertheless, current conventional drip irrigation cultivation models, such as the commonly used standard-width wide-narrow row mulch combined with a two-row planting layout, have encountered a performance ceiling in terms of yield increase. This conventional cultivation layout fails to achieve optimal configuration in terms of mulch coverage, planting density, and plant population spatial structure, limiting the comprehensive utilization efficiency of agricultural resources such as light, heat, water, and air, thus preventing the full release of its yield potential.

[0004] In summary, a pressing technical contradiction exists in the current field of maize cultivation: high-yield cultivation models often involve high water consumption and low efficiency, while water-saving models compromise on yield potential, making it difficult to achieve the ideal synergy between the two strategic goals of high yield and efficient water conservation. Therefore, developing a novel maize cultivation method that can overcome existing technological limitations, effectively conserve water while significantly maximizing yield potential, and achieve synergistic benefits, has significant technical value and practical implications. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method and system for high-density planting of maize using wide-film drip irrigation on raised beds, which solves the problem that it is difficult to achieve high yield and high water-saving goals in a coordinated manner in existing maize cultivation techniques.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method and system for high-density planting of maize using wide-film drip irrigation in ridge cultivation, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Land preparation and ridging: Planting units are laid out in the field in 200cm increments. Ridges are made in each planting unit to form a large ridge with a ridge width of 150cm and a working ditch with a width of 50cm.

[0008] Mulching and pipe laying: Drip irrigation tape is laid on the ridge surface of the large ridge, and a wide mulch film with a width of 150cm is laid on top of it;

[0009] On the ridges covered with mulch, four rows of corn are sown with a width of 30cm-70cm-30cm, and the spacing between corn plants is controlled at 16.5cm-16.7cm for dense planting, so that the number of plants per acre can be significantly increased from 5,500-6,000 to more than 8,000.

[0010] Drip irrigation tape is laid under the mulch film, and irrigation is carried out through the drip irrigation tape.

[0011] Preferably, the width of the planting strip is 200cm, and the coverage width of the mulch film is 150cm.

[0012] Preferably, the method is applied to arid irrigated areas with an average annual precipitation of less than 150 mm, and the planting soil is loam or sandy loam.

[0013] Preferably, the step of irrigating using the drip irrigation tape specifically includes:

[0014] After corn sowing, irrigate once with 40m³ of water. 3 / mu of seedling emergence water;

[0015] During the entire growth period of corn, 10-11 irrigations are carried out via drip irrigation, with a total irrigation quota of 320m³. 3 / mu.

[0016] Preferably, all of the total amount of phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and part of the nitrogen fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer in one go;

[0017] The remaining nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in 7-8 applications along with drip irrigation, based on the fertilizer requirements of corn during its key growth stages, mainly during the peak nitrogen demand periods such as the jointing stage, the large trumpet stage, the tasseling stage, and the early grain-filling stage.

[0018] Preferably, by using the wide coverage of the mulch film, the average soil temperature of the 0-25cm soil layer during the corn growing season is higher than the average soil temperature when using conventional drip irrigation under mulch film.

[0019] Preferably, the ratio of the width of the mulch film to the width of the planting strip is greater than or equal to 0.75.

[0020] A corn ridge-growing wide-film drip irrigation dense planting system includes:

[0021] At least one cultivation unit, the cultivation unit being constructed in a planting strip with a width of 200cm; and a mulch film, the mulch film being 150cm wide and covering the surface of the planting strip;

[0022] Four rows of corn plants are planted on the plastic film, with a row spacing of 30cm-70cm-30cm.

[0023] Two drip irrigation tapes are laid under the plastic film to irrigate the four rows of corn plants.

[0024] This invention provides a method and system for high-density planting of maize using wide-film drip irrigation in ridge cultivation. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. This invention achieves high-density planting through a row spacing configuration of 30cm-70cm-30cm and a plant spacing of 16.5cm-16.7cm. This layout optimizes the canopy structure of the maize population, significantly improves ventilation and light penetration for the middle and lower leaves, and enhances the population's efficiency in capturing and utilizing light energy. This effectively promotes the accumulation of dry matter in the middle and late stages of maize production, laying a solid morphological foundation for overcoming yield bottlenecks and achieving high yields.

[0026] 2. This invention employs a 150cm wide film covering technology, which greatly reduces the ineffective evaporation of soil moisture; simultaneously, combined with drip irrigation under the film, it delivers water and fertilizer precisely and efficiently to the corn root zone. The synergistic effect of these two technologies creates a stable and humid microenvironment in the root zone, significantly improving the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, maximizing the utilization rate of limited water and fertilizer resources, and ultimately achieving the core goals of water conservation and high efficiency. It is particularly suitable for arid irrigation areas.

[0027] 3. The wide-ridge pattern adopted in this invention artificially constructs a deep, loose, and well-aerated tillage layer. This raised ridge not only provides excellent physical space for the deep development of maize roots but also expands the area exposed to sunlight, which is conducive to the rapid increase of soil temperature in spring and promotes early and rapid vegetative growth. A superior root development environment is the fundamental guarantee for robust plant growth, providing basic support for supporting dense planting and ultimately achieving high yields. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the cultivation model of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the cultivation model of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in aboveground biomass of maize under different irrigation modes according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in maize leaf area under different irrigation modes according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in maize plant height during different irrigation modes according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the changes in soil moisture content from 0 to 100 cm after corn harvest under different irrigation modes of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the water consumption of maize during its growth period under different irrigation modes according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in total potassium and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content in maize farmland under different irrigation modes according to the present invention.

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in enzyme activity in maize farmland under different irrigation modes according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in maize plant height during different cultivation modes according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in maize leaf area under different cultivation modes according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in aboveground biomass of maize under different cultivation modes according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the changes in soil moisture content from 0 to 100 cm after corn harvest under different cultivation modes of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the average ground temperature and stage accumulated temperature of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Example 1:

[0044] Please see the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 14 This invention provides a method and system for high-density planting of maize using wide-film drip irrigation in ridge cultivation, comprising:

[0045] (1) Experimental Site and Basic Conditions: The experiment in this embodiment was conducted in 2024 at the Zhangye Water-Saving Agriculture Experimental Station of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ganzhou District, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. This area is located in the Heihe River Basin in the Hexi Corridor, at an altitude of 1570 meters, and has a typical temperate continental arid climate. The soil type of the experimental site was sandy loam. The basic physicochemical properties of the topsoil layer (0-20cm) before the experiment were as follows: organic matter content 10.35g / kg, total nitrogen content 0.69g / kg, total phosphorus content 0.57g / kg, total potassium content 17.12g / kg, available phosphorus content 12.31mg / kg, available potassium content 103.54mg / kg, and soil pH value 8.1.

[0046] (2) Test materials:

[0047] Corn variety: The selected corn variety is "Denghai 618", which is tolerant of high density, stress-resistant, and high-yielding.

[0048] Mulch film: White polyethylene mulch film with a thickness of 0.008mm and a width of 180cm is used.

[0049] Drip irrigation tape: Single-wing labyrinth type thin-walled drip irrigation tape with an inner diameter of 16mm, a wall thickness of 0.2mm, a dripper spacing of 20cm, and an average dripper flow rate of 2.0L / h under rated working pressure.

[0050] Fertilizers: Nitrogen fertilizer is urea (containing 46% N), phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate (containing 12% P2O5), and potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate (containing 50% K2O).

[0051] (3) Field layout and sowing operations:

[0052] Land preparation: Deep plow to 30cm in autumn. Before spring sowing, rotary tillage, harrowing, and leveling of the land are carried out.

[0053] Field layout: The flat planting method is adopted, and a 200cm wide planting strip unit (strip) is marked.

[0054] Base application of fertilizer: Apply nitrogen fertilizer at 40% of the total fertilizer application rate (35 kg of pure nitrogen, 20 kg of pure phosphorus, and 5 kg of pure potassium per mu), and use all of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers as base fertilizer. After spreading evenly, mix it into the 0-20 cm soil tillage layer by rotary tillage.

[0055] Mulching and Pipe Laying: Lay two drip irrigation tapes vertically 50cm to both sides of the center line of the planting strip. Then, cover the drip irrigation tapes with a 180cm wide mulch film to form a 150cm wide mulch film coverage area, ensuring that the mulch film is flat and close to the ground, and the edges are compacted with soil.

[0056] Precision sowing: Punch holes in the plastic film with a row spacing of 30cm-70cm-30cm, and plant 4 rows of corn. Sow along the punched sowing lines with a plant spacing of 16.7cm, at a depth of 3-5cm. After sowing, cover the seed holes with moist fine soil.

[0057] (4) Integrated water and fertilizer management:

[0058] Irrigation management: Drip irrigation under plastic film is used for irrigation throughout the entire growth period.

[0059] Emergence irrigation: Immediately after sowing, irrigate once with a 40m³ drip irrigation tape. 3 Water at a rate of / mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) to ensure successful seedling emergence.

[0060] Irrigation during the growing season: After entering the jointing stage, this embodiment deployed soil moisture monitoring instruments in the field to monitor the soil moisture content in the 0-40cm soil layer in real time, and set 60% of the relative soil moisture content as the irrigation start threshold. When the monitoring data is lower than this threshold, drip irrigation is initiated based on the specific growth stage of the corn (e.g., water demand is lower during the jointing stage, peaks during the large trumpet stage to the tasseling stage, and gradually decreases during the grain-filling stage). In this way, a total of 11 precision drip irrigations were carried out from the jointing stage to the end of the grain-filling stage, and the total irrigation quota was strictly controlled at 320m³. 3 / mu.

[0061] Topdressing management: The remaining 60% of the nitrogen fertilizer (21 kg / mu) should be allocated according to the nutrient requirements of corn at different growth stages, and applied in 7 applications via the drip irrigation system. The specific topdressing plan is as follows:

[0062] Jointing stage (when nitrogen requirement begins to increase): Apply topdressing twice, for a total of 25% of the total nitrogen required for topdressing (approximately 5.25 kg / mu);

[0063] During the large trumpet stage (peak nitrogen demand period): apply topdressing twice, applying a total of 40% of the total nitrogen from topdressing (approximately 8.4 kg / mu);

[0064] During the tasseling stage (when vegetative and reproductive growth occur simultaneously, requiring a large amount of nitrogen): apply topdressing twice, for a total of 25% of the total nitrogen in the topdressing (approximately 5.25 kg / mu);

[0065] During the early grain-filling stage (to maintain leaf function and promote grain weight): Apply topdressing once, using 10% of the total nitrogen from the topdressing (approximately 2.1 kg / acre). This topdressing strategy achieves a high degree of synchronization between nutrient supply and crop demand, and is a key measure to achieve efficient water and fertilizer management and high yield.

[0066] (5) Data acquisition and calculation methods:

[0067] Growth indicators: At each key growth stage of maize, five representative plants were randomly selected, and their plant height and leaf area were measured. The leaf area index (LAI) was then calculated.

[0068] Biomass: After sampling, the stems, leaves, spikes and other organs were separated, blanched at 105℃ for 30 minutes, and then dried at 75℃ to constant weight, and their dry weight was measured.

[0069] Agronomic and yield traits: At maturity, a 20-square-meter quadrat was selected in the center of each plot. All grains were harvested, threshed, weighed, and the moisture content was determined. The yield (kg / hm²) was then uniformly converted to the standard moisture content of 14%. 2 At the same time, 10 ears of grain were randomly selected, and the following parameters were measured: stem diameter, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, and weight of 100 kernels.

[0070] Soil water and heat: Before sowing and after harvest, soil samples were taken in layers (0-100cm) using a soil drill, and the soil moisture content was determined by the oven-drying method. During the growing season, the soil temperature at a depth of 15cm below the surface was measured using a soil thermometer.

[0071] Water and fertilizer efficiency: Water consumption (ET) is calculated based on the water balance equation. Water use efficiency (WUE) = Yield / Water consumption. Nitrogen uptake = Dry weight of each part of the plant × Corresponding nitrogen content.

[0072] Comparative Example 1:

[0073] Conventional flat-film drip irrigation cultivation method (1)-(5) Except for the following key differences, the experimental conditions, materials, management and data collection methods of this comparative example are exactly the same as those of Example 1:

[0074] Field layout: The conventional pattern of "one film and two rows" is adopted, with a planting strip unit of 100cm width.

[0075] Mulch film width: 70cm wide mulch film is used.

[0076] Planting configuration: Plant two rows of corn on the plastic film, with a row spacing of 40cm and a plant spacing of 16.5cm-16.7cm.

[0077] Comparative Example 2:

[0078] This comparative example of a high-yield ridge-furrow irrigation method aims to simulate another high-yield but water-intensive technical route in the background technology. The data is from Disclosure 1, and the experimental environment is similar to that of Example 1. The key operations are: furrowing and ridging (furrow depth 30cm, ridge top width 50cm), furrow irrigation, and 8 irrigations throughout the entire growth period.

[0079] Experimental methods and procedures:

[0080] During the key growth stages of maize (jointing stage, large trumpet stage, tasseling stage, grain-filling stage, and maturity stage), five representative, uniformly growing plants were randomly selected from each plot and tagged for continuous non-destructive measurement. The vertical height from the base of the plant to the tip of the highest naturally extended leaf (or tassel) was measured using a steel tape measure and recorded as the plant height. The length and maximum width of all green leaves were measured, and the leaf area per plant was calculated using the formula "Leaf area = Leaf length × Leaf width × 0.75", then multiplied by the number of plants per unit area to obtain the leaf area index (LAI). At the end of each growth stage, three additional sample plants were taken, separated by organs (stem, leaf, ear), blanched at 105℃ for 30 minutes, and then dried at 75℃ to constant weight. The dry matter weight was measured, and the aboveground biomass was calculated.

[0081] This invention significantly promotes the growth and development of maize by optimizing planting configuration. For example... Figure 1 As shown, from the jointing stage, the maize plant height, leaf area index, and aboveground biomass of Example 1 were consistently significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 1. By maturity, the cumulative aboveground biomass of Example 1 reached 29215 kg / hm². 2 It was significantly higher than the 24,597 kg / hm² of control example 1. 2 The increase reached 18.8%.

[0082] This invention employs a unique "30cm-70cm-30cm" wide-narrow row configuration to construct an optimized canopy structure. This structure deviates from the conventional equal-spaced planting in this field; the wider rows (70cm) act as ventilation and light penetration zones, significantly improving light conditions for the lower leaves within the canopy. It effectively utilizes the "edge row advantage," increasing the overall light capture efficiency of the canopy and delaying premature leaf senescence. This allows the plant to maintain higher photosynthetic production capacity throughout its growth cycle, especially in the crucial mid-to-late stages of yield formation, thereby accumulating more dry matter and providing a solid material and morphological foundation for ultimately achieving high yields.

[0083] Test Example 1:

[0084] Experimental measurement and evaluation methods:

[0085] During the corn maturity period, agronomic traits were measured on the tagged plants or 10 randomly selected plants. Stem diameter was measured at the middle of the second internode using electronic calipers; the height from the ground to the node where the main ear is attached was measured using a measuring tape and recorded as ear height; ear length and ear diameter were also measured.

[0086] The beneficial effects of this invention are not only reflected in the growth rate, but also in the robustness and stress resistance of the plants, as shown in Table 1.

[0087] Table 1. Comparison of agronomic traits between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1

[0088] deal with Stem diameter (mm) Ear height (cm) Ear length (cm) Ear diameter (cm) Example 1 (Invention) 21.42 74.7 18.4 4.9 Comparative Example 1 (Conventional flat film) 20.91 75.3 17.5 4.8

[0089] The stem diameter of Example 1 reached 21.42 mm, significantly thicker than that of Comparative Example 1. Stem diameter is a core indicator for evaluating plant mechanical strength and lodging resistance. Under dense planting and high-yield cultivation conditions, lodging in the later stages is one of the main risks leading to yield reduction. This invention, by optimizing the cultivation model, cultivates stronger stems, directly improving the plant's lodging resistance and ensuring the stable achievement of high yields. Simultaneously, the lower ear height (74.7 cm) also helps to lower the plant's center of gravity, further enhancing its stability.

[0090] Test Example 2:

[0091] Experimental measurement and evaluation methods:

[0092] At the physiological maturity stage of maize, a 20-square-meter (e.g., 4 rows × 3.125m) quadrat was selected in the center of each plot, and all quadrats were harvested. The number of effective ears within each quadrat was accurately counted, and 20 ears were randomly selected for threshing. After weighing, the kernel moisture content was determined using the drying method, and the yield (kg / hm²) was uniformly converted to the standard moisture content of 14%. 2 Meanwhile, the three factors constituting yield were analyzed by combining data such as the number of ears, the number of grains per row, and the weight of 100 grains.

[0093] Results Comparison and Technical Effect Analysis:

[0094] This invention ultimately achieved a significant increase in production volume, thus fulfilling its core objective, as shown in Table 2.

[0095] Table 2. Comparison of yield and yield components between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] The yield of Example 1 was as high as 15235 kg / hm. 2 The yield increased by 11.6%. More importantly, a thorough analysis of the yield components reveals that its advantages are comprehensive and logically consistent. Example 1 not only had more grains per ear, but its 100-grain weight reached 42.5g, far exceeding the 38.4g of Comparative Example 1. 100-grain weight is a core indicator for measuring grain plumpness and the efficiency of photosynthetic product transport and accumulation during the grain-filling period. This indicates that the method of this invention not only promotes the establishment of the "sink" (number of grains per ear) by optimizing the canopy structure, but also significantly improves the efficiency of material transport from "source" to "sink" by improving the physiological functions of the plant in the middle and late stages, achieving a synergistic increase in both "more grains" and "grain weight."

[0099] Test Example 3:

[0100] Experimental method: Before sowing and after harvest, soil samples were taken in layers (0-100cm, 20cm each) using a soil drill. The soil moisture content was determined by the drying and weighing method, and the soil water storage was calculated.

[0101] Results Analysis: In this invention, the 150cm wide film achieved a surface coverage of up to 75%, significantly suppressing ineffective evaporation of soil between rows. Experimental data showed that after harvest, the soil moisture content in all soil layers (0-100cm) of the treatment in Example 1 was higher than that in Comparative Example 1. This demonstrates that this invention can maximize the storage of limited irrigation water in the root zone, constructing a highly efficient "underground micro-reservoir" for the entire crop growth period.

[0102] Experimental method: During the seedling stage, the soil temperature at 15cm below the surface was measured at specific times (8:00, 14:00, 20:00) every day using a curved tube soil thermometer, and the average value and effective accumulated temperature ≥10℃ during the growth period were calculated.

[0103] Results analysis: as shown in Table 3.

[0104] Table 3. Comparison of soil temperature at 15cm depth between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 (°C)

[0105] deal with Cumulative ground temperature (°C) Example 1 (Invention) 708.7 Comparative Example 1 (Conventional flat film) 633.0

[0106] Among different cultivation models, the accumulated temperature of soil in the 0-25cm depth from sowing to seedling stage was highest in the wide-film drip irrigation treatment (T3), reaching 708.7℃. T3 showed increases of 17.65%, 27.10%, 10.68%, and 29.92% compared to T1, T2, T4, and T5, respectively. This indicates that different cultivation models may affect soil temperature changes in irrigated maize farmland due to factors such as the light transmittance, thermal conductivity, and insulation properties of the mulch, as well as the depth of the drip irrigation tape.

[0107] Test Example 4:

[0108] Water use efficiency

[0109] Experimental method: Water consumption was calculated based on the water balance equation (ET=P+I-ΔW), where P is effective precipitation, I is irrigation amount, and ΔW is change in soil water storage.

[0110] Results Analysis: As shown in Table 4, Example 1 had the lowest water consumption throughout the entire growth period (367.2 m³). 3 Under the premise of achieving the highest economic yield water use efficiency (2.77 kg / m³), the highest economic yield water use efficiency was achieved. 3 Compared with control 1, the efficiency was increased by 17.9%. This proves that the present invention does not increase output in exchange for increased input, but truly improves the output efficiency per unit of water resources.

[0111] Table 4. Comparison of water consumption and water use efficiency between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1

[0112] deal with <![CDATA[Evapotranspiration during the growth period ET (m 3 )]]> <![CDATA[Economic yield water use efficiency WUEEY (kg / m 3 )]]> Example 1 (Invention) 367.2 2.77 Comparative Example 1 (Conventional flat film) 387.6 2.35

[0113] Test Example 5:

[0114] Experimental method: After drying and pulverizing the plant samples, the total nitrogen content was determined by the Kjeldahl method, and the nitrogen uptake was calculated by combining the dry matter weight.

[0115] Results analysis: As shown in Table 5, the total nitrogen absorption and distribution in the grains of the plants in Example 1 were significantly higher than those in Comparative Example 1, achieving "double high" efficiency in water and nutrient utilization. This fully demonstrates the synergistic effect of the systematic innovation of this invention.

[0116] Table 5 Comparison of nitrogen uptake between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 (kg / hm) 2 )

[0117] deal with Nitrogen uptake by aboveground parts Nitrogen uptake of grains Example 1 (Invention) 297.7 177.6 Comparative Example 1 (Conventional flat film) 258.9 152.4

[0118] This invention systematically optimizes the growth and development, canopy structure, and root zone hydrothermal environment of maize through a unique combination of technologies: "ridge planting with wide film mulch, wide-width layout, and optimized dense planting." It solves the technical challenge of balancing high yield and efficient water conservation found in existing technologies, ultimately significantly reducing water consumption while substantially increasing yield and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0119] In summary, different cultivation and irrigation methods have a significant impact on maize growth and development: drip irrigation under mulch and furrow irrigation under mulch showed better performance in terms of biomass, plant height, and leaf area during the maize growth period, which is beneficial to maize growth and development. The wide-film drip irrigation under mulch showed the best performance in terms of the number of grains per ear and yield, with the highest yield reaching 20592 kg / hm². 2 Shallow-buried drip irrigation showed the worst performance in terms of aboveground biomass dry weight, aboveground nitrogen uptake, grain dry weight, and grain nitrogen uptake in maize, and also had the highest water consumption and the lowest water use efficiency. Flat-film drip irrigation had the lowest water consumption and the highest water use efficiency, at 4.20 kg / m². 3 (WUEDM, based on biomass dry weight) and 3.20 kg / m 3(WUEEY, based on economic yield) indicates that the flat-film drip irrigation mode has a greater advantage in water use; the subsurface irrigation treatment has the highest content of water-stable macroaggregates in the 0-20cm soil layer, which is beneficial to the improvement of soil structure, while the shallow-buried drip irrigation treatment has the lowest content of water-stable macroaggregates in this soil layer, which is detrimental to soil structure; the shallow-buried drip irrigation treatment has the highest microbial biomass carbon content and the lowest microbial biomass nitrogen content, which may be related to the uneven distribution of soil moisture and the alternating wet and dry environment; the ridge-furrow irrigation treatment has the highest urease and nitrate reductase activities, which is beneficial to the conversion of nitrogen nutrition; the subsurface irrigation treatment has the highest number of bacteria, which is beneficial to the stability of soil microbial community and the maintenance of soil fertility.

[0120] By organically combining wide-film mulching, ridge cultivation, drip irrigation under the film, and optimized dense planting, a high-yield, high-efficiency, and water-saving maize cultivation system was constructed. This system achieved efficient nitrogen nutrient absorption. Wide-film mulching effectively suppressed water evaporation; precise drip irrigation under the film ensured efficient water and fertilizer supply; and the core ridge structure not only optimized the root growth environment but also effectively increased soil temperature in spring and throughout the entire growth period by raising the soil surface, promoting early and rapid plant growth. In summary, this application combines the warming advantages of ridge cultivation with the water-retention and efficiency-enhancing advantages of wide-film drip irrigation, creating a superior root zone environment in terms of water, heat, fertilizer, and air, thereby achieving a comprehensive improvement in maize production performance.

[0121] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for high-density planting of maize using wide-film drip irrigation in ridge cultivation, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Land preparation and ridging: Planting units are laid out in the field in 200cm increments. Ridges are made in each planting unit to form a large ridge with a ridge width of 150cm and a working ditch with a width of 50cm. Mulching and pipe laying: Drip irrigation tape is laid on the ridge surface of the large ridge, and a wide mulch film with a width of 150cm is laid on top of it; On the ridges covered with mulch, four rows of corn are sown with a row spacing of 30cm-70cm-30cm, and the plant spacing is controlled at 16.5cm-16.7cm for dense planting. Drip irrigation tape is laid under the plastic film, and irrigation is carried out through the drip irrigation tape; The method is applicable to arid irrigated areas with an average annual precipitation of less than 150 mm, and the planting soil is loam or sandy loam. The ratio of the width of the mulch film to the width of the planting strip is greater than or equal to 0.

75.

2. The method for high-density planting of maize using wide-film drip irrigation in ridge cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planting strip is 200cm wide, and the mulch film is 150cm wide.

3. The method for high-density planting of maize using wide-film drip irrigation in ridge cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of irrigating using the drip irrigation tape specifically include: After corn sowing, irrigate once with 40m³ of water. 3 / mu of seedling emergence water; Throughout the entire growth period of maize, based on the water requirements of maize at each growth stage and soil moisture monitoring, 10-11 irrigations are carried out via drip irrigation, with a total irrigation quota of 320 m³. 3 / mu.

4. The method for high-density planting of maize using wide-film drip irrigation in ridge cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes a fertilization step, specifically: All of the total amount of phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and part of the nitrogen fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer in one go; The remaining nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in 7-8 applications along with drip irrigation, based on the fertilizer requirements of corn during its key growth stages, mainly during the peak nitrogen demand periods such as the jointing stage, the large trumpet stage, the tasseling stage, and the early grain-filling stage.

5. The method for high-density planting of maize using wide-film drip irrigation in ridge cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wide coverage of the mulch film ensures that the average soil temperature in the 0-25cm soil layer during the corn growing season is higher than that of conventional drip irrigation under mulch film.

6. A corn ridge-planting wide-film drip irrigation dense planting system, applied to the corn ridge-planting wide-film drip irrigation dense planting method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: At least one cultivation unit, the cultivation unit being composed of a planting strip with a width of 200cm; and a mulch film, the mulch film being 150cm wide and covering the surface of the planting strip; Four rows of corn plants are planted on the plastic film, with a row spacing of 30cm-70cm-30cm. A drip irrigation tape is laid under the plastic film to irrigate the four rows of corn plants.

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