Laying hen feed and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a laying hen feed and a preparation method thereof, and aims to improve the production performance, intestinal health, feed conversion rate and eggshell quality of laying hens. The feed is prepared from conventional raw materials such as corn, soybean meal, fish meal and the like, Chinese herbal compounds such as Chinese pulsatilla roots, radix scutellariae, berberine and the like, and functional additives such as cello-oligosaccharide, gamma-aminobutyric acid, medical stone and the like. Through the synergistic effect of the traditional Chinese medicine compound and the functional additive, a multi-dimensional intestinal tract protection barrier is constructed; a graded crushing and premixing process is adopted, so that accurate release of nutrients is realized, and the feed conversion rate is increased; chinese herbal compound compatibility activates the production performance of laying hens and improves the laying rate; the composite application of medical stone and zeolite is utilized to optimize the gradient adsorption and slow release of mineral elements. The laying hen feed disclosed by the invention has remarkable effects in the aspects of reducing enteritis morbidity, improving production performance, optimizing feed utilization and eggshell quality and the like, and has a wide application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of animal feed technology, and in particular to a laying hen feed and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In the egg-laying hen farming industry, egg production rate, health status, and feed conversion ratio are core indicators for measuring farming efficiency. With the expansion of intensive farming, the limitations of traditional egg-laying hen feed in terms of nutritional balance, intestinal health regulation, and resource utilization efficiency are becoming increasingly apparent. Currently, conventional egg-laying hen feeds are mostly based on corn-soybean meal diets. While these meet basic energy and protein requirements, they suffer from high levels of anti-nutritional factors and insufficient functional nutrients. For example, trypsin inhibitors and phytic acid in soybean meal reduce protein digestibility. Undigested nutrients entering the hindgut are easily utilized by pathogens, leading to intestinal flora imbalance and subsequently causing enteritis, diarrhea, and other diseases. Enteritis in egg-laying hen farming directly causes a decline in egg production, while increased antibiotic use leads to a vicious cycle of drug residues and the proliferation of drug-resistant bacteria. Furthermore, traditional feed formulations lack precise control over the ratio of trace elements and vitamins, resulting in significant fluctuations in egg-laying hen performance and feed conversion ratios that fail to meet the demands of modern high-efficiency farming.

[0003] In recent years, improving feed performance through functional additives has become a research hotspot, but existing technologies still have significant shortcomings. Some studies have shown that adding antibiotic growth promoters can temporarily inhibit intestinal pathogens, but this violates antibiotic-free farming policies and disrupts the intestinal microecological balance. The addition of enzyme preparations alone is limited by substrate specificity, making it difficult to comprehensively degrade multiple anti-nutritional factors. Probiotic preparations suffer from poor live bacteria stability and weak colonization ability, leading to unstable effects. Some technologies have attempted to use extracts of traditional Chinese medicine as alternatives, but their effective components are complex, quality standards are inconsistent, and they suffer from poor palatability and high costs. Meanwhile, existing feed preparation processes mostly involve simple mixing and grinding, resulting in excessive degradation of nutrients in the foregut and insufficient effective supply in the hindgut. Against this backdrop, developing a compound laying hen feed that combines intestinal health regulation, efficient nutrient utilization, and improved production performance, along with a scientifically sound preparation method, has become a key requirement for overcoming industry bottlenecks and promoting green farming.

[0004] Therefore, this patent proposes a laying hen feed and its preparation method, which is of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laying hen feed and its preparation method to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A layer hen feed, prepared from the following components: 610-630 parts by weight of corn, 170-190 parts by weight of soybean meal, 25-35 parts by weight of fish meal, 85-95 parts by weight of limestone powder, 10-20 parts by weight of dicalcium phosphate, 7-9 parts by weight of Pulsatilla chinensis, 3-5 parts by weight of Scutellaria baicalensis, 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of berberine, 15-25 parts by weight of dandelion, 2-4 parts by weight of Leonurus japonicus extract, 3-5 parts by weight of other ingredients. The ingredients are: Epimedium (parts by weight), Angelica sinensis (parts by weight), Cuscuta chinensis (parts by weight), Astragalus membranaceus (parts by weight), Glycyrrhiza uralensis powder (parts by weight), Artemisia argyi (parts by weight), Fiber oligosaccharides (parts by weight), Gamma-aminobutyric acid (parts by weight), γ-aminobutyric acid (parts by weight), multivitamins (parts by weight), complex trace elements (parts by weight), Maifan stone (parts by weight), and zeolite (parts by weight).

[0007] A method for preparing laying hen feed includes the following preparation steps: Step 1: Raw material pretreatment: Use a hammer mill to grind corn to a particle size of 2-5mm and soybean meal to a particle size of 1.5-4mm. Control the particle size by passing them through 10-mesh and 8-mesh sieves, respectively. Cut 7-9 parts by weight of Pulsatilla chinensis, 3-5 parts by weight of Scutellaria baicalensis, and 1-3 parts by weight of Angelica sinensis into sections and then coarsely grind them to a particle size of 2-5mm. Coarsely grind 15-25 parts by weight of Taraxacum mongolicum and 14-16 parts by weight of Artemisia argyi to a particle size of 2-4mm. Then, use a vibrating mill to perform ultrafine grinding of the coarsely ground Chinese herbal powders, controlling the particle size to 10-50μm, to obtain Pulsatilla chinensis powder, Scutellaria baicalensis powder, Angelica sinensis powder, Taraxacum mongolicum powder, and Artemisia argyi powder.

[0008] Step 2: Premixing of Small Ingredients: Using a V-type mixer or a conical mixer, mix 7-9 parts by weight of Pulsatilla chinensis powder, 3-5 parts by weight of Scutellaria baicalensis powder, 0.2-0.4 parts by weight of cellulose oligosaccharide, 0.05-0.15 parts by weight of γ-aminobutyric acid, 2-3 parts by weight of compound vitamins, 7-9 parts by weight of compound trace elements, 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of berberine, 15-25 parts by weight of dandelion powder, 2-4 parts by weight of Leonurus japonicus extract, 3-5 parts by weight of Epimedium brevicornu, 1-3 parts by weight of Angelica sinensis powder, and 2-4 parts by weight of Cuscuta chinensis. The mixing time is 10-15 minutes, the speed is 20-30 rpm, and the temperature is 15-30℃ to obtain the premixed small ingredients.

[0009] Step 3: Mixing the main ingredients: First, add the bulk ingredients, including 610-630 parts by weight of corn, 170-190 parts by weight of soybean meal, 85-95 parts by weight of limestone powder, 25-35 parts by weight of fish meal, 10-20 parts by weight of dicalcium phosphate, 8-14 parts by weight of maifanite, and 3-7 parts by weight of zeolite. Mix at high speed for 5-10 minutes at 100-150 rpm and 15-30°C. Then add the heat-sensitive ingredients, including 14-16 parts by weight of Artemisia argyi powder and 14-16 parts by weight of licorice powder. Mix at low speed for 5-10 minutes at 20-50 rpm and 15-30°C. Finally, add the premixed feed ingredients and continue mixing for 5 minutes to obtain the mixed feed.

[0010] Step 4: Conditioning and Pelletizing: During conditioning, the amount of water added should be controlled at 14-16% of the weight of the mixed feed, the steam pressure should be 0.15-0.2MPa, the temperature should be 75-80℃, and the time should be 40-50 seconds. When pelleting, a ring die with a 4.5mm aperture and a 1:9 compression ratio should be used, and the current should be 70-75% of the rated value. Then, a counter-current cooler should be used to cool the pellets for 15 minutes to obtain the laying hen feed.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compound vitamins are vitamins A, D, and E, and the compound trace elements are zinc, iron, and selenium.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step one, the corn is crushed to a particle size of 2-5 mm, the soybean meal is crushed to a particle size of 1.5-4 mm, and the particle size after ultrafine crushing is controlled at 10-50 μm.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixing time in step two is 10-15 minutes, the rotation speed is 20-30 rpm, and the temperature is 15-30℃.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step three, the high-speed stirring time is 5-10 minutes, the rotation speed is 100-150 rpm, and the temperature is 15-30℃, while the low-speed stirring time is 5-10 minutes, the rotation speed is 20-50 rpm, and the temperature is 15-30℃.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steam pressure for conditioning in step four is 0.15-0.2 MPa, the temperature is 75-80°C, and the time is 40-50 seconds.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Multi-dimensional regulation of intestinal health, significantly reducing the incidence of enteritis. This patent constructs a multi-layered intestinal protective barrier through the synergistic effect of traditional Chinese medicine compound and functional additives. Ingredients such as Pulsatilla chinensis, Scutellaria baicalensis, and berberine contain alkaloids such as berberine and baicalin, which can directly inhibit the DNA replication and protein synthesis of pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella, with antibacterial activity higher than that of single antibiotics. Fiber oligosaccharides, as prebiotics, can specifically proliferate beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, increasing the intestinal flora diversity index and competitively inhibiting pathogen colonization. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activates intestinal GABA receptors, promoting the secretion of mucin by intestinal mucosal cells, forming a physical barrier and reducing toxin penetration. Experiments show that feeding this feed reduces the incidence of enteritis in laying hens, increases intestinal mucosal thickness, and significantly improves intestinal health compared to traditional feed.

[0017] 2. Precise nutrient formulation and gradient release significantly improve feed conversion rate. This patented technology employs graded grinding and premixing processes to achieve precise nutrient release. Corn and soybean meal are graded and ground through 10-mesh and 8-mesh sieves, increasing starch gelatinization and protein solubility. Traditional Chinese medicine herbs are ultra-finely ground to a particle size of 2-5μm, improving the dissolution rate of active ingredients, such as icariin and angelica polysaccharides, resulting in significantly enhanced bioavailability. Fiber oligosaccharides and γ-aminobutyric acid are premixed using a V-type mixer to form uniform microcapsule structures. These microcapsules are protected from gastric acid degradation in the early intestinal tract and are then decomposed by microorganisms for targeted release, increasing nitrogen deposition and energy utilization.

[0018] 3. Synergistic effect of traditional Chinese medicine compound to comprehensively activate the production performance of laying hens. This patent achieves multi-target regulation of production performance through the combination of traditional Chinese medicine compound. Astragalus polysaccharides and glycyrrhizic acid can stimulate the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, promote the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, and increase the egg production rate; the alkaloids in Leonurus japonicus extract can dilate uterine blood vessels, increase ovarian blood flow, and prolong the peak egg production period; Cuscuta chinensis flavonoids and Angelica sinensis polysaccharides reduce serum MDA content and increase SOD activity through antioxidant effects, alleviating the inhibition of follicle development by oxidative stress; eucalyptol in Artemisia argyi volatile oil can regulate neurotransmitter balance, reduce stress-induced pecking and paralysis, and reduce mortality.

[0019] 4. Gradient adsorption and slow release of mineral elements optimizes bone health and eggshell quality. This patent constructs a dynamic balance system of mineral elements through the combined application of maifanite and zeolite. The porous structure of maifanite can adsorb excess heavy metal ions in feed; zeolite, through ion exchange, loads minerals such as calcium and phosphorus into nano-sized particles within the pores, achieving gradient release under the intestinal pH gradient, reducing fluctuations in blood calcium concentration and avoiding soft-shelled egg problems caused by hypercalcemia; after conditioning and granulation, the stone powder and dicalcium phosphate have moderate particle hardness, improving grinding efficiency in the gizzard and increasing calcium and phosphorus digestibility. Production verification shows that this feed can increase bone density in laying hens, reduce egg breakage rate, and increase eggshell strength, significantly outperforming the industry average. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Pulsatilla chinensis is a plant belonging to the Ranunculaceae family. Its active ingredients are mainly triterpenoid saponins (such as pulsatilla saponins A3 and B4) and pulsatilla glycosides. Triterpenoid saponins reduce the release of inflammatory factors (such as TNF-α and IL-6) by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. At the same time, their glycosyl ligands can enhance the binding ability with intestinal mucosal receptors, forming a protective barrier. Pulsatilla glycosides are epoxide-tetracyclic diterpenoid compounds that have a strong inhibitory effect on Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella. Their antibacterial mechanism is to disrupt the bacterial cell membrane structure, leading to the leakage of intracellular substances. Pulsatilla saponin B4 can inhibit LPS-induced macrophage inflammatory responses, reduce intestinal permeability, reduce pathogen invasion, and significantly reduce the incidence of enteritis.

[0022] The main active components of Scutellaria baicalensis are baicalin and baicalein. Baicalin exerts its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the activity of COX-2 and 5-LOX enzymes and blocking prostaglandin synthesis; baicalein reduces oxidative stress damage by scavenging free radicals (such as DPPH and ABTS) and upregulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and GSH-Px. In addition, Scutellaria baicalensis extract has a direct antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella. Baicalin can regulate the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, inhibit cortisol secretion, reduce the negative impact of heat stress on laying hens, increase egg production, and significantly reduce serum IL-10 levels, indicating a reduction in inflammatory response.

[0023] Scutellaria baicalensis extract can regulate the intestinal flora structure, increase the proportion of beneficial bacteria such as lactobacillus and bifidobacteria, and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens.

[0024] Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid. The quaternary ammonium nitrogen atom in its molecular structure can bind to bacterial DNA gyrase, blocking DNA replication and thus exerting a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect. In addition, berberine reduces the release of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the TLR4 / MyD88 / NF-κB pathway and can activate the AMPK signaling pathway, enhancing mitochondrial function and improving energy metabolism.

[0025] Angelica sinensis, belonging to the Apiaceae family, primarily contains volatile oils (such as ligustilide), organic acids (ferulic acid), and polysaccharides. Ferulic acid binds to estradiol receptors, activating the PI3K / Akt signaling pathway and promoting the transformation of primordial follicles into primary follicles. By regulating the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, it can increase follicle-stimulating hormone secretion and improve egg production.

[0026] Cuscuta is a parasitic plant belonging to the Convolvulaceae family. Its active components are mainly flavonoids (such as hyperoside and quercetin) and polysaccharides. Cuscuta flavonoids have estrogen receptor agonist activity, which can mimic the effects of estradiol, activate the ERα / ERβ signaling pathway, and promote the synthesis of progesterone by theca cells. By activating the AMPK / mTOR signaling pathway, it can increase mitochondrial biosynthesis, improve follicular energy supply, and increase egg production.

[0027] The main active components of licorice are glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. Glycyrrhizic acid belongs to the triterpenoid saponins, and its unique biological activity is endowed by the carboxyl and glycosidic bonds in its molecular structure. Licorice polysaccharides enhance the body's cellular immune response by activating macrophages and T lymphocytes, promoting the secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2).

[0028] Maifan stone is a bioactive composite mineral, mainly composed of inorganic aluminosilicates. Its porous structure gives it an extremely high specific surface area, significantly enhancing its adsorption and ion exchange capabilities. Maifan stone reduces toxin absorption and lowers the incidence of enteritis by adsorbing heavy metal ions (such as Hg, Cd, and Pb) and pathogens (such as E. coli) in the intestines. Maifan stone can increase the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the intestinal tract of laying hens, enhancing the intestinal mucosal barrier function and reducing feed waste and carbon emissions caused by intestinal diseases. The macroelements such as K, Ca, and Mg, and the trace elements such as Zn, Fe, and Se dissolved from maifan stone can activate enzyme activity, promote protein and fat metabolism, improve feed conversion rate, increase nitrogen deposition rate and energy utilization rate in laying hens, indirectly reducing carbon emissions caused by inefficient feed utilization. Maifan stone can also inhibit methanogenic bacteria activity and reduce methane emissions from the intestinal tract of laying hens by adjusting the pH of drinking water to a slightly alkaline level.

[0029] In the main ingredient mixing stage, bulk raw materials with high viscosity or large particle size require higher shear forces to achieve uniform mixing. High-speed stirring (100-150 rpm) increases fluid kinetic energy, enhances particle collision and dispersion, and avoids local agglomeration or stratification. It can accelerate heat transfer and mass diffusion within the raw materials, achieving a uniform mixing state more quickly and improving production efficiency. Heat-sensitive raw materials are sensitive to temperature and mechanical stress. To prevent thermal degradation or structural damage, they should be stirred at low speed (20-50 rpm). High-speed stirring may cause raw material denaturation, decomposition, or loss of activity due to frictional heat or excessive shear force, compromising its stability. Low-speed stirring, on the other hand, can gently mix the materials, preserving their functional properties and reducing additional heat input and mechanical damage.

[0030] This invention provides a technical solution for laying hen feed and its preparation method: Example 1

[0031] A layer hen feed is prepared from the following components: 620 parts by weight of corn, 180 parts by weight of soybean meal, 30 parts by weight of fish meal, 90 parts by weight of limestone powder, 15 parts by weight of dicalcium phosphate, 8 parts by weight of Pulsatilla chinensis, 4 parts by weight of Scutellaria baicalensis, 1.0 part by weight of berberine, 20 parts by weight of dandelion, 3 parts by weight of Leonurus japonicus extract, 4 parts by weight of Epimedium brevicornu, 2 parts by weight of Angelica sinensis, 3 parts by weight of Cuscuta chinensis, 6 parts by weight of Astragalus membranaceus, 15 parts by weight of licorice powder, 15 parts by weight of Artemisia argyi, 0.3 parts by weight of fiber oligosaccharide, 0.10 parts by weight of γ-aminobutyric acid, 2.5 parts by weight of compound vitamins, 8 parts by weight of compound trace elements, 11 parts by weight of maifanite, and 5 parts by weight of zeolite.

[0032] A method for preparing laying hen feed includes the following preparation steps: Step 1: Raw material pretreatment: Use a hammer mill to grind corn to a particle size of 3mm and soybean meal to a particle size of 2.5mm. Control the particle size by passing them through 10-mesh and 8-mesh sieves, respectively. Cut 8 parts by weight of Pulsatilla chinensis, 4 parts by weight of Scutellaria baicalensis, and 2 parts by weight of Angelica sinensis into sections and then coarsely grind them to a particle size of 3.5mm. Coarsely grind 20 parts by weight of Taraxacum mongolicum and 15 parts by weight of Artemisia argyi to a particle size of 3mm. Then, use a vibrating mill to perform ultrafine grinding of the coarsely ground Chinese herbal powders, controlling the particle size to 30μm, to obtain Pulsatilla chinensis powder, Scutellaria baicalensis powder, Angelica sinensis powder, Taraxacum mongolicum powder, and Artemisia argyi powder.

[0033] Step 2: Premixing of ingredients: Using a V-type mixer or a conical mixer, mix 8 parts by weight of Pulsatilla chinensis powder, 4 parts by weight of Scutellaria baicalensis powder, 0.3 parts by weight of cellulose oligosaccharide, 0.1 parts by weight of γ-aminobutyric acid, 2.5 parts by weight of complex vitamins, 8 parts by weight of complex trace elements, 1.0 part by weight of berberine, 20 parts by weight of dandelion powder, 3 parts by weight of Leonurus japonicus extract, 4 parts by weight of Epimedium brevicornu, 2 parts by weight of Angelica sinensis powder, and 3 parts by weight of Cuscuta chinensis. The mixing time is 12 minutes, the speed is 25 rpm, and the temperature is 22℃ to obtain the premixed ingredients.

[0034] Step 3: Mixing the main ingredients: First, add the bulk ingredients including 620 parts by weight of corn, 180 parts by weight of soybean meal, 90 parts by weight of limestone powder, 30 parts by weight of fish meal, 15 parts by weight of dicalcium phosphate, 11 parts by weight of maifanite, and 5 parts by weight of zeolite. Mix at high speed for 7 minutes at 125 rpm and 22°C. Then add the heat-sensitive ingredients including 15 parts by weight of mugwort powder and 15 parts by weight of licorice powder. Mix at low speed for 7 minutes at 35 rpm and 22°C. Finally, add the premixed feed ingredients and continue mixing for 5 minutes to obtain the mixed feed.

[0035] Step 4: Conditioning and Pelletizing: During conditioning, the amount of water added should be controlled at 15% of the weight of the mixed feed, the steam pressure should be 0.17MPa, the temperature should be 77℃, and the time should be 45 seconds. When pelleting, a ring die with a 4.5mm aperture and a 1:9 compression ratio should be used, and the current should be 72% of the rated value. Then, a counter-current cooler should be used for 15 minutes to obtain the laying hen feed.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] A layer hen feed is prepared from the following components: 610 parts by weight of corn, 170 parts by weight of soybean meal, 25 parts by weight of fish meal, 85 parts by weight of limestone powder, 10 parts by weight of dicalcium phosphate, 7 parts by weight of Pulsatilla chinensis, 3 parts by weight of Scutellaria baicalensis, 0.5 parts by weight of berberine, 15 parts by weight of dandelion, 2-4 parts by weight of Leonurus japonicus extract, 3 parts by weight of Epimedium brevicornu, 1 part by weight of Angelica sinensis, 2 parts by weight of Cuscuta chinensis, 5 parts by weight of Astragalus membranaceus, 14 parts by weight of licorice powder, 14 parts by weight of Artemisia argyi, 0.2 parts by weight of oligosaccharide fiber, 0.05 parts by weight of γ-aminobutyric acid, 2 parts by weight of compound vitamins, 7 parts by weight of compound trace elements, 8 parts by weight of maifanite, and 3 parts by weight of zeolite.

[0038] A method for preparing laying hen feed includes the following preparation steps: Step 1: Raw material pretreatment: Use a hammer mill to grind corn to a particle size of 2mm and soybean meal to a particle size of 1.5mm. Control the particle size by passing them through 10-mesh and 8-mesh sieves, respectively. Cut 7 parts by weight of Pulsatilla chinensis, 3 parts by weight of Scutellaria baicalensis, and 1 part by weight of Angelica sinensis into sections and then coarsely grind them to a particle size of 2mm. Coarsely grind 15 parts by weight of Taraxacum mongolicum and 14 parts by weight of Artemisia argyi to a particle size of 2mm. Then, use a vibrating mill to perform ultrafine grinding of the coarsely ground Chinese herbal powders, controlling the particle size to 10μm, to obtain Pulsatilla chinensis powder, Scutellaria baicalensis powder, Angelica sinensis powder, Taraxacum mongolicum powder, and Artemisia argyi powder.

[0039] Step 2: Premixing of ingredients: Using a V-type mixer or a conical mixer, mix 7 parts by weight of Pulsatilla chinensis powder, 3 parts by weight of Scutellaria baicalensis powder, 0.2 parts by weight of cellulose oligosaccharide, 0.05 parts by weight of γ-aminobutyric acid, 2 parts by weight of complex vitamins, 7 parts by weight of complex trace elements, 0.5 parts by weight of berberine, 15 parts by weight of dandelion powder, 2 parts by weight of Leonurus japonicus extract, 3 parts by weight of Epimedium, 1 part by weight of Angelica sinensis powder, and 2 parts by weight of Cuscuta chinensis. Mix for 10 minutes at a speed of 20 rpm and a temperature of 15°C to obtain the premixed ingredients.

[0040] Step 3: Mixing the main ingredients: First, add the bulk ingredients including 610 parts by weight of corn, 170 parts by weight of soybean meal, 85 parts by weight of limestone powder, 25 parts by weight of fish meal, 10 parts by weight of dicalcium phosphate, 8 parts by weight of maifanite, and 3 parts by weight of zeolite. Mix at high speed for 5 minutes at 100 rpm and 15°C. Then add the heat-sensitive ingredients including 14 parts by weight of Artemisia argyi powder and 14 parts by weight of licorice powder. Mix at low speed for 5 minutes at 20 rpm and 15°C. Finally, add the premixed feed ingredients and continue mixing for 5 minutes to obtain the mixed feed.

[0041] Step 4: Conditioning and Pelletizing: During conditioning, the amount of water added should be controlled at 14% of the weight of the mixed feed, the steam pressure should be 0.15MPa, the temperature should be 75℃, and the time should be 40 seconds. When pelleting, a ring die with a 4.5mm aperture and a 1:9 compression ratio should be used, and the current should be 70% of the rated value. Then, a counter-current cooler should be used for 15 minutes to obtain the laying hen feed.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] A layer hen feed is prepared from the following components: 630 parts by weight of corn, 190 parts by weight of soybean meal, 35 parts by weight of fish meal, 95 parts by weight of limestone powder, 20 parts by weight of dicalcium phosphate, 9 parts by weight of Pulsatilla chinensis, 5 parts by weight of Scutellaria baicalensis, 1.5 parts by weight of berberine, 25 parts by weight of dandelion, 4 parts by weight of Leonurus japonicus extract, 5 parts by weight of Epimedium brevicornu, 3 parts by weight of Angelica sinensis, 4 parts by weight of Cuscuta chinensis, 7 parts by weight of Astragalus membranaceus, 16 parts by weight of licorice powder, 16 parts by weight of Artemisia argyi, 0.4 parts by weight of fiber oligosaccharide, 0.15 parts by weight of γ-aminobutyric acid, 3 parts by weight of compound vitamins, 9 parts by weight of compound trace elements, 14 parts by weight of maifanite, and 7 parts by weight of zeolite.

[0044] A method for preparing laying hen feed includes the following preparation steps: Step 1: Raw material pretreatment: Use a hammer mill to grind corn to a particle size of 5mm and soybean meal to a particle size of 4mm. Control the particle size by passing them through 10-mesh and 8-mesh sieves, respectively. Cut 9 parts by weight of Pulsatilla chinensis, 5 parts by weight of Scutellaria baicalensis, and 3 parts by weight of Angelica sinensis into sections and then coarsely grind them to a particle size of 5mm. Coarsely grind 25 parts by weight of Taraxacum mongolicum and 16 parts by weight of Artemisia argyi to a particle size of 4mm. Then, use a vibrating mill to perform ultrafine grinding of the coarsely ground Chinese herbal powders, controlling the particle size to 50μm, to obtain Pulsatilla chinensis powder, Scutellaria baicalensis powder, Angelica sinensis powder, Taraxacum mongolicum powder, and Artemisia argyi powder.

[0045] Step 2: Premixing of ingredients: Using a V-type mixer or a conical mixer, mix 9 parts by weight of Pulsatilla chinensis powder, 5 parts by weight of Scutellaria baicalensis powder, 0.4 parts by weight of cellulose oligosaccharide, 0.15 parts by weight of γ-aminobutyric acid, 3 parts by weight of complex vitamins, 9 parts by weight of complex trace elements, 1.5 parts by weight of berberine, 25 parts by weight of dandelion powder, 4 parts by weight of Leonurus japonicus extract, 5 parts by weight of Epimedium brevicornu, 3 parts by weight of Angelica sinensis powder, and 4 parts by weight of Cuscuta chinensis. The mixing time is 15 minutes, the speed is 30 rpm, and the temperature is 30℃ to obtain the premixed ingredients.

[0046] Step 3: Mixing the main ingredients: First, add the bulk ingredients including 630 parts by weight of corn, 190 parts by weight of soybean meal, 95 parts by weight of limestone powder, 35 parts by weight of fish meal, 20 parts by weight of dicalcium phosphate, 14 parts by weight of maifanite, and 7 parts by weight of zeolite. Mix at high speed for 10 minutes at 150 rpm and 30°C. Then add the heat-sensitive ingredients including 16 parts by weight of artemisia powder and 16 parts by weight of licorice powder. Mix at low speed for 10 minutes at 50 rpm and 30°C. Finally, add the premixed feed ingredients and continue mixing for 5 minutes to obtain the mixed feed.

[0047] Step 4: Conditioning and Pelletizing: During conditioning, the amount of water added should be controlled at 16% of the weight of the mixed feed, the steam pressure should be 0.2MPa, the temperature should be 80℃, and the time should be 50 seconds. When pelleting, a ring die with a 4.5mm aperture and a 1:9 compression ratio should be used, and the current should be 75% of the rated value. Then, a counter-current cooler should be used for 15 minutes to obtain the laying hen feed.

[0048] Comparative Example 1: The difference from Example 1 is that Pulsatilla chinensis, Scutellaria baicalensis, and berberine are removed from Example 1.

[0049] Comparative Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that Angelica sinensis and Cuscuta chinensis are removed from Example 1.

[0050] Comparative Example 3: The difference from Example 1 is that the maifanite and zeolite in Example 1 are removed.

[0051] Experiment 1: Laying Hen Production Performance Test Experimental Methods: A large-scale egg farm was selected as the experimental site. 3600 laying hens aged 300 days were used, and the experiment lasted 30 days. These 3600 hens were divided into six groups, each with three replicates, and each replicate contained 200 hens. They were fed the laying hen feeds prepared in Examples 1, 2, and 3, and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The results are shown in Table 1. Table 1

[0052] This experiment demonstrated the impact of laying hen feed on laying hen production performance, and the results are shown in Table 1. Compared with Examples 1, 2, and 3, Comparative Example 2 (without added Angelica sinensis and Cuscuta chinensis) had a lower average egg production rate and a higher feed conversion ratio, proving that the addition of Angelica sinensis and Cuscuta chinensis can significantly improve the egg production rate of laying hens and reduce the feed conversion ratio. Compared with Examples 1, 2, and 3, Comparative Example 3 (without added Maifan stone and zeolite) had a higher fecal nitrogen content, proving that the addition of Maifan stone and zeolite significantly reduced the fecal nitrogen content of laying hens, contributing to low nitrogen emissions in chicken farms.

[0053] Experiment 2: Test on the inhibitory effect of pathogenic bacteria adhesion Experimental Methods: 360 healthy 180-day-old laying hens were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 3 replicates per group and 20 hens per replicate. The pre-feeding period was 7 days, and the formal experimental feeding period was 12 weeks. *Clostridium perfringens* was selected as the primary strain. Clostridium perfringens, CVCC2030 ) and Escherichia coli ( Escherichia coli O78,CVCC1565 As a representative of pathogenic bacteria, an in vivo adhesion experiment was conducted, with the pathogenic bacteria (1×10⁻⁶) administered orally via gavage. 9CFU / animal), 24 hours later, necropsy was performed, and jejunal mucosa was collected. The colonization of pathogenic bacteria was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (expressed as 16S rRNA gene copy number). The results are shown in Table 2: Table 2

[0054] In this experiment, the adhesion inhibition effect of pathogenic bacteria was evaluated by detecting the colonization levels of *Clostridium perfringens* and *Escherichia coli* in the jejunal mucosa of laying hens. The results are shown in Table 2. Compared with Examples 1, 2, and 3 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3, the colonization levels of *Clostridium perfringens* and *Escherichia coli* in Comparative Example 1 (without the addition of *Pulsatilla chinensis*, *Scutellaria baicalensis*, and berberine) were both at a higher level. In contrast, the colonization levels of the two pathogenic bacteria in the Example 1 group (with the addition of *Pulsatilla chinensis*, *Scutellaria baicalensis*, and berberine) were significantly lower than in Comparative Example 1. These results indicate that the addition of *Pulsatilla chinensis*, *Scutellaria baicalensis*, and berberine can effectively inhibit the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria (*Clostridium perfringens* and *Escherichia coli*) to the jejunal mucosa of laying hens. The laying hen feed prepared in this patent can effectively inhibit the colonization of pathogenic bacteria.

[0055] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any simple changes, equivalent substitutions, or modifications made based on the present invention to solve essentially the same technical problems and achieve essentially the same technical effects are all covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A type of laying hen feed, characterized in that, Prepared from the following components: 610-630 parts by weight of corn, 170-190 parts by weight of soybean meal, 25-35 parts by weight of fish meal, 85-95 parts by weight of limestone powder, 10-20 parts by weight of dicalcium phosphate, 7-9 parts by weight of Pulsatilla chinensis, 3-5 parts by weight of Scutellaria baicalensis, 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of berberine, 15-25 parts by weight of dandelion, 2-4 parts by weight of Leonurus japonicus extract, and 3-5 parts by weight of... Epimedium, 1-3 parts by weight of Angelica sinensis, 2-4 parts by weight of Cuscuta chinensis, 5-7 parts by weight of Astragalus membranaceus, 14-16 parts by weight of Glycyrrhiza uralensis powder, 14-16 parts by weight of Artemisia argyi, 0.2-0.4 parts by weight of oligosaccharides, 0.05-0.15 parts by weight of γ-aminobutyric acid, 2-3 parts by weight of multivitamins, 7-9 parts by weight of complex trace elements, 8-14 parts by weight of maifanite, and 3-7 parts by weight of zeolite.

2. The method for preparing laying hen feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation steps include the following: Step 1: Raw material pretreatment: Corn and soybean meal are crushed using a hammer mill and passed through 10-mesh and 8-mesh sieves respectively to control particle size. 7-9 parts by weight of Pulsatilla chinensis, 3-5 parts by weight of Scutellaria baicalensis, and 1-3 parts by weight of Angelica sinensis are cut into sections and coarsely crushed to a particle size of 2-5 mm. 15-25 parts by weight of Taraxacum mongolicum and 14-16 parts by weight of Artemisia argyi are coarsely crushed to a particle size of 2-4 mm. The coarsely crushed Chinese herbal powders are then ultra-finely pulverized using a vibrating mill to obtain Pulsatilla chinensis powder, Scutellaria baicalensis powder, Angelica sinensis powder, Taraxacum mongolicum powder, and Artemisia argyi powder. Step 2: Premixing of ingredients: Using a V-type mixer or a conical mixer, mix 7-9 parts by weight of Pulsatilla chinensis powder, 3-5 parts by weight of Scutellaria baicalensis powder, 0.2-0.4 parts by weight of oligosaccharides, 0.05-0.15 parts by weight of γ-aminobutyric acid, 2-3 parts by weight of complex vitamins, 7-9 parts by weight of complex trace elements, 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of berberine, 15-25 parts by weight of dandelion powder, 2-4 parts by weight of Leonurus japonicus extract, 3-5 parts by weight of Epimedium brevicornu, 1-3 parts by weight of Angelica sinensis powder, and 2-4 parts by weight of Cuscuta chinensis to obtain premixed ingredients; Step 3: Mixing the main ingredients: First, add the bulk ingredients including 610-630 parts by weight of corn, 170-190 parts by weight of soybean meal, 85-95 parts by weight of limestone powder, 25-35 parts by weight of fish meal, 10-20 parts by weight of dicalcium phosphate, 8-14 parts by weight of maifanite, and 3-7 parts by weight of zeolite. Mix at high speed. Then, add the heat-sensitive ingredients including 14-16 parts by weight of mugwort powder and 14-16 parts by weight of licorice powder. Mix at low speed. Finally, add the premixed feed ingredients and continue mixing for 5-10 minutes to obtain the mixed feed. Step 4: Conditioning and Pelletizing: The amount of water added during conditioning should be controlled at 14-16% of the weight of the mixed feed. When pelleting, a ring die with a 4.5mm aperture and a 1:9 compression ratio should be used, and the current should be 70-75% of the rated value. Then, a counter-current cooler should be used for 15 minutes to obtain laying hen feed.

3. The layer hen feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound vitamins are vitamins A, D, and E, and the compound trace elements are zinc, iron, and selenium.

4. The method for preparing laying hen feed according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step one, the corn is crushed to a particle size of 2-5 mm, the soybean meal is crushed to a particle size of 1.5-4 mm, and the particle size after ultrafine crushing is controlled at 10-50 μm.

5. The method for preparing laying hen feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the mixing time is 10-15 minutes, the rotation speed is 20-30 rpm, and the temperature is 15-30℃.

6. The method for preparing laying hen feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the high-speed stirring time is 5-10 minutes, the speed is 100-150 rpm, and the temperature is 15-30℃; the low-speed stirring time is 5-10 minutes, the speed is 20-50 rpm, and the temperature is 15-30℃.

7. The method for preparing laying hen feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step four, the steam pressure for conditioning is 0.15-0.2 MPa, the temperature is 75-80℃, and the time is 40-50 seconds.

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