Integrated device for reduced pressure distillation and solvent recovery of hexogen crystallization mother liquor

Abstract

The invention discloses a hexogen crystal mother liquor reduced pressure distillation and solvent recovery integrated device, which comprises a reduced pressure distillation unit, a condensation unit, a steam conveying unit and a constant pressure unit, the reduced pressure distillation unit comprises a reduced pressure device and a distillation device, the distillation device comprises a distillation retort, the upper side wall of the distillation retort is provided with a reduced pressure port and a condensation port, the pressure reduction port and the condensation port are communicated with the pressure reduction device and the condensation unit respectively, a feeding port is formed in the lower side wall of the distillation retort, the steam conveying unit comprises a mounting seat, blades and a driving part, the mounting seat is rotatably arranged in the distillation retort, the blades are rotatably connected to the mounting seat, the driving part is mounted on the distillation retort, and the constant pressure unit comprises a pressure reaction assembly. And a first transmission assembly is arranged between the pressure reaction assembly and the blade. The invention aims to solve the technical problems of solvent waste, low extraction and storage efficiency and poor solvent purity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of solvent recovery technology, specifically, it relates to an integrated device for vacuum distillation of RDX crystallization mother liquor and solvent recovery. Background Technology

[0002] RDX is a high-energy explosive. RDX crystallization mother liquor is the saturated solution remaining after the crystals are separated during the RDX crystallization process. It contains uncrystallized RDX, nitration byproducts, and a solvent (acetone). To separate RDX from the solvent, the most commonly used existing technology is an integrated vacuum distillation and condensation recovery system. Vacuum distillation uses a vacuum pump to reduce the system pressure, causing the solvent (such as acetone) in the mother liquor to evaporate at a temperature far below its boiling point under normal pressure. The evaporated solvent then enters a condenser where it is liquefied into small liquid particles for collection.

[0003] The above-mentioned device has the following defects: ① Due to the presence of impurities and small solid particles of RDX in the mother liquor, these small solid particles and small droplets of mother liquor will enter the condensation device with the steam, resulting in poor purity of the recovered solvent.

[0004] ② When performing vacuum distillation, a pressure regulating device is needed to maintain the pressure in the distillation tank. This pressure regulating method will waste solvent and also affect the extraction efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide an integrated device for vacuum distillation of RDX crystallization mother liquor and solvent recovery, thereby solving the technical problems of solvent waste, low extraction efficiency, and poor solvent purity.

[0006] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention includes: an integrated device for vacuum distillation and solvent recovery of RDX crystallization mother liquor, comprising a vacuum distillation unit, a condensation unit, a steam conveying unit, and a constant pressure unit; The vacuum distillation unit includes a vacuum device and a distillation device. The distillation device includes a vertically arranged distillation tank. The upper side wall of the distillation tank is provided with a vacuum port and a condensation port that communicate with the inside of the distillation tank. The vacuum port and the condensation port are respectively connected to the vacuum device and the condensation unit. The lower side wall of the distillation tank is provided with a feed port that communicates with the inside of the distillation tank. The steam conveying unit includes a mounting base, blades, and a driving component. The mounting base is rotatably disposed inside the distillation tank. The blades are rotatably connected to the mounting base. By rotating the mounting base, the blades are driven to rotate, thereby achieving a spiral upward flow of steam. The driving component is mounted on the distillation tank and is used to drive the mounting base to rotate. The constant pressure unit includes a pressure reaction component, and a first transmission component is provided between the pressure reaction component and the blade. The distillation tank is provided with a preset pressure. When the actual pressure in the distillation tank is less than the preset pressure, the pressure reaction component can rotate the blade in the horizontal direction through the first transmission component to reduce the axial delivery of steam. When the actual pressure in the distillation tank is greater than the preset pressure, the pressure reaction component can rotate the blade in the vertical direction through the first transmission component to increase the axial delivery of steam.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention include: (1) The present invention provides an integrated device for vacuum distillation and solvent recovery of RDX crystal mother liquor. The pressure reaction component can sense the actual pressure inside the distillation tank in real time and compare it with the preset pressure. When the actual pressure is less than the preset pressure, the pressure reaction component drives the blades to rotate horizontally through the first transmission component, thereby reducing the axial flow of steam, reducing steam discharge, and causing the pressure inside the tank to rise. When the actual pressure is greater than the preset pressure, the blades rotate vertically, increasing the axial flow of steam, accelerating steam discharge, and causing the pressure inside the tank to drop, thereby achieving dynamic balance of pressure inside the distillation tank. This pressure regulation method can maintain the pressure inside the distillation tank at the preset value, effectively avoiding the interference of pressure fluctuations on the distillation process, ensuring the stability and reliability of the distillation operation, and thus improving the quality of the product.

[0008] (2) The present invention provides an integrated device for vacuum distillation and solvent recovery of RDX crystal mother liquor. Compared with the traditional method of controlling distillation pressure by frequently starting and stopping the pressure regulating device, the constant pressure unit of the present invention controls the pressure by adjusting the blade angle. It does not require frequent starting and stopping of the pressure reducing device, which greatly reduces the mechanical wear and thermal stress damage of the components of the pressure reducing device, reduces the equipment failure rate, extends the service life of the equipment, and reduces the frequency and cost of equipment maintenance and replacement.

[0009] (3) The present invention provides an integrated device for vacuum distillation and solvent recovery of RDX crystal mother liquor. The method of changing the steam delivery rate has little impact on the temperature and concentration distribution inside the distillation tank. The steam flows uniformly upward in a spiral manner, which allows the substances in all parts of the tank to fully contact and react, which is conducive to the uniform distillation process and improves the purity and quality of the product. For example, in the distillation process of RDX crystal mother liquor, the uniform steam flow can make the solvent in the mother liquor evaporate evenly, effectively avoiding local overheating or undercooling, which is conducive to maintaining product quality. If the pressure is regulated by extracting steam or injecting gas as in the prior art, it may cause changes in local temperature and concentration inside the distillation tank. For example, when extracting steam, the temperature inside the tank may drop and the concentration may increase due to the rapid reduction of steam; when injecting gas, the local temperature may drop and the concentration may be diluted, thereby reducing the product quality.

[0010] (4) The present invention provides an integrated device for vacuum distillation and solvent recovery of RDX crystal mother liquor. Compared with the traditional pressure regulating device that extracts steam and causes the evaporated solvent to be directly discharged from the system, resulting in solvent waste, the steam in this solution will not be discharged, so there will be no waste of solvent.

[0011] (5) The present invention provides an integrated device for vacuum distillation and solvent recovery of RDX crystal mother liquor. The pressure of the distillation tank is adjusted by changing the steam delivery rate through blade angle adjustment. Compared with the traditional pressure regulation method of injecting inert gases such as nitrogen into the distillation tank, this device has advantages in the condensation stage, mainly in avoiding solvent contamination by inert gases such as nitrogen and improving condensation efficiency. Adjusting the blade angle to change the steam delivery rate does not introduce other gases into the distillation tank. The steam flows in the distillation tank according to a preset path and rate. When passing through the condensation unit, it can be directly condensed into a pure liquid without mixing in impurities such as nitrogen. The recovered solvent has high purity, eliminating the need for additional separation and purification steps, greatly reducing production costs and operational complexity.

[0012] When inert gases such as nitrogen are injected into the distillation tank, the rising steam encounters the condensing surface. The nitrogen hinders this contact, forcing steam molecules to pass through the nitrogen layer to reach the condensing surface and condense. This increases heat transfer resistance and reduces heat transfer efficiency. By adjusting the blade angle to change the steam delivery rate, and eliminating the obstruction from nitrogen and other gases, high heat transfer efficiency is achieved.

[0013] (6) The present invention provides an integrated device for vacuum distillation and solvent recovery of RDX crystal mother liquor. By rotating the mounting base, the blades are driven to rotate, which enables the steam to flow upward in a spiral. During this process, the gas generates centrifugal force, which throws the liquid and solid particles mixed in the steam toward the side wall of the distillation tank, thereby separating the liquid and solid particles and further improving the purity of the recovered solvent.

[0014] Furthermore, a main shaft is rotatably connected inside the distillation tank. The main shaft is coaxially arranged with the distillation tank and connected to a drive component. The drive component is used to drive the main shaft to rotate. The mounting base passes through the main shaft and is coaxially and fixedly connected to the main shaft. A first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the mounting base. The first rotating shaft is arranged along the diameter direction of the main shaft and is fixedly connected to the blade. The first transmission component includes a gear and a rack. The gear is coaxially fixed on a first rotating shaft. The gear meshes with the rack. The rack is slidably mounted on a mounting base in the vertical direction. The rack is connected to a pressure reaction component. When the actual pressure in the distillation tank is not equal to the preset pressure, the pressure reaction component drives the rack to move in the vertical direction.

[0015] Furthermore, the pressure reaction assembly includes a cylinder disposed at the top of the distillation tank. The cylinder is coaxially arranged with the main shaft. A piston is disposed inside the cylinder. The piston slides and seals with the cylinder in a vertical direction. The spaces on the upper and lower sides of the piston inside the cylinder are respectively connected to the outside and the inside of the distillation tank. An elastic element is disposed between the piston and the cylinder. The top of the main shaft is provided with a plug hole, which extends vertically downward. A slide rod is inserted into the plug hole and can slide up and down in the plug hole. The upper end of the slide rod extends vertically upward into the cylinder and connects with the piston. The spindle sidewall has a strip-shaped through hole that communicates with the insertion hole. The strip-shaped through hole is arranged in a vertical direction. A connecting part is provided in the strip-shaped through hole. The connecting part is located between the slide rod and the rack. One side of the connecting part is fixedly connected to the slide rod, and the other side of the connecting part is fixedly connected to the rack.

[0016] Furthermore, a cylindrical collecting shell is provided inside the distillation tank. The collecting shell is coaxially arranged with the distillation tank. The bottom of the collecting shell is open, and a steam flow port communicating with the inside of the collecting shell is opened at the center of the top of the collecting shell.

[0017] Furthermore, a flow guide ring is provided at the top of the collection shell, the flow guide ring is coaxially arranged with the opening and surrounds the outside of the opening.

[0018] Furthermore, a collection ring is provided at the bottom of the collection shell, the collection ring is coaxially arranged with the collection shell, the blade is located inside the collection ring, an annular collection groove is provided at the top of the collection ring, the collection groove extends along the circumference of the collection ring, a through hole is provided at the bottom of the collection groove for the recovery of mother liquor droplets, and a filter screen is provided at the bottom of the collection groove.

[0019] Furthermore, the side wall of the collection shell is provided with a guide plate, which is arranged in a vertical direction, and the inner side of the guide plate is inclined along the rotation direction of the main shaft.

[0020] Furthermore, a second rotating shaft is provided on the outer side of the guide plate. The second rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the collection shell. A second transmission assembly is provided between the second rotating shaft and the mounting base. During the rotation of the mounting base, the guide plate can be periodically oscillated through the second transmission assembly.

[0021] Furthermore, the second transmission assembly includes a transmission ring fixedly connected to the mounting base. The transmission ring is coaxially arranged with the mounting base. A fan-shaped transmission block is coaxially arranged on the transmission ring. Both ends of the transmission block have inclined surfaces, and the inner side of the two inclined surfaces extends in opposite directions along the circumference of the transmission ring. A steering block is provided at the lower end of the second rotating shaft, and the steering block abuts against the outer side of the transmission block. A torsion spring is installed on the second rotating shaft. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of cross-section Figure 1 ; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of cross-section Figure 2 ; Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of cross-section Figure 3 .

[0024] Figure label: Distillation tank 1, pressure reducing port 2, condenser port 3, feed port 4, mounting base 5, blade 6, drive component 7, main shaft 8, first rotating shaft 9, gear 10, rack 11, cylinder 12, piston 13, elastic component 14, slide rod 15, collection shell 16, steam flow port 17, guide ring 18, collection trough 19, filter screen 20, guide plate 21, second rotating shaft 22, transmission ring 23, transmission block 24, inclined plane 25, steering block 26, torsion spring 27. Detailed Implementation

[0025] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the inventors of this invention, through long-term research and extensive practice, have proposed the technical solution of this invention. The technical solution, its implementation process, and principles will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation examples in the embodiments of this application.

[0026] It should be noted that the embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention covers any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods and solutions made on the spirit, principles and scope of the present invention as defined by the claims. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] In the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," "third," and similar words do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms "a" or "one," and similar words, do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms "comprising" or "including," and similar words, mean that the elements or objects preceding "comprising" or "including" encompass the elements or objects listed following "comprising" or "including," and their equivalents, but do not exclude other elements or objects. The terms "connected" or "linked," and similar words, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0028] In the description of this application, the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used solely for the convenience of describing this application and for simplification, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, when using positional terms such as "both sides," "outer side," and "upper and lower," it should be understood that they are used only for ease of understanding and description, taking into account that the structure may be oriented to other positions.

[0029] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the technical or scientific terms used shall have the ordinary meaning understood by a person with ordinary skills in the art to which this application pertains. Terms such as “installation,” “connection,” and “joining” shall be interpreted broadly, for example, as fixed connection, detachable connection, mating connection, or integral connection. For a person skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0030] Please see Figure 1-4 The present invention provides a technical solution: an integrated device for vacuum distillation and solvent recovery of RDX crystallization mother liquor, comprising a vacuum distillation unit, a condensation unit, a steam conveying unit and a constant pressure unit.

[0031] See Figure 1-2 The vacuum distillation unit includes a vacuum device and a distillation apparatus. The distillation apparatus includes a vertically positioned distillation tank 1, which serves as the main container for the distillation process, providing distillation space for the RDX crystal mother liquor. The upper side wall of the distillation tank 1 has a vacuum port 2 and a condenser port 3, both communicating with the interior of the tank. These ports are connected to the vacuum device and the condenser unit, respectively. The vacuum port 2, connected to the vacuum device, reduces the pressure inside the distillation tank 1 by means of evacuation, creating the low-pressure environment required for vacuum distillation. The condenser port 3, connected to the condenser unit, receives solvent vapor and exchanges heat with it using its internal cooling medium (such as cooling water), lowering the vapor temperature below the dew point, thus condensing it into a liquid for easy collection and reuse. The lower side wall of the distillation tank 1 has a feed port 4, communicating with the interior of the tank, for introducing the RDX crystal mother liquor into the tank 1.

[0032] The steam conveying unit includes a mounting base 5, blades 6, and a drive component 7. The mounting base 5 is rotatably mounted inside the distillation tank 1. The blades 6 are rotatably connected to the mounting base 5, which serves as the mounting foundation for the blades 6. The mounting base 5 drives the blades 6 to rotate through its own rotation, enabling the steam to flow spirally upwards. The drive component 7 is mounted on the distillation tank 1 and is used to drive the mounting base 5 to rotate. The drive component 7 provides power to the rotation of the mounting base 5, driving it to rotate at a set speed and direction, thereby driving the blades 6 to rotate and achieve the spiral flow of steam.

[0033] The constant pressure unit maintains the pressure inside the distillation tank 1 within a preset pressure range, ensuring the stable operation of the vacuum distillation process and minimizing the impact of pressure fluctuations on distillation efficiency and solvent recovery quality. The constant pressure unit includes a pressure reaction component that reflects the actual pressure inside the distillation tank 1 in real time and compares the actual pressure with the preset pressure. When a deviation occurs between the actual and preset pressures, a corresponding action signal is generated. A first transmission component is installed between the pressure reaction component and the blades 6. This first transmission component transmits the action signal generated by the pressure reaction component to the blades 6, causing the blades 6 to change their rotation angle according to pressure changes.

[0034] A preset pressure is set inside the distillation tank 1. When the actual pressure in distillation tank 1 is lower than the preset pressure, the pressure reaction component can detect the pressure deviation and rotate the blade 6 horizontally via the first transmission component. After the blade 6 angle changes, the axial pushing effect on the steam decreases, the axial conveying amount decreases, and thus the amount of steam delivered to the condensation unit decreases. Relatively speaking, the amount of steam accumulating in distillation tank 1 increases, thereby increasing the pressure in distillation tank 1 and making the actual pressure in distillation tank 1 more consistent with the preset pressure. When the actual pressure in distillation tank 1 is higher than the preset pressure, the pressure reaction component can also detect the pressure deviation and rotate the blade 6 axially via the first transmission component. After the blade 6 angle changes, the axial pushing effect on the steam increases, the axial conveying amount increases, and thus the amount of steam delivered to the condensation unit increases. Relatively speaking, the amount of steam accumulating in distillation tank 1 decreases, thereby decreasing the pressure in distillation tank 1 and making the actual pressure in distillation tank 1 more consistent with the preset pressure.

[0035] In the specific implementation of the above plan: ① The pressure response component can sense the actual pressure inside the distillation tank 1 in real time and compare it with the preset pressure. When the actual pressure is less than the preset pressure, the pressure response component drives the blade 6 to rotate horizontally through the first transmission component, thereby reducing the axial steam delivery and steam discharge, causing the pressure inside the tank to rise. When the actual pressure is greater than the preset pressure, the blade 6 rotates vertically, increasing the axial steam delivery and accelerating steam discharge, causing the pressure inside the tank to drop, thus achieving dynamic pressure balance inside the distillation tank 1. This pressure regulation method can maintain the pressure inside the distillation tank 1 at the preset value, effectively avoiding pressure fluctuations from interfering with the distillation process, ensuring the stability and reliability of the distillation operation, and thus improving product quality.

[0036] ② Compared with the traditional method of controlling distillation pressure by frequently starting and stopping the pressure regulating device, the constant pressure unit of the present invention controls the pressure by adjusting the angle of the blade 6, eliminating the need for frequent starting and stopping of the pressure reducing device. This greatly reduces the mechanical wear and thermal stress damage of the components of the pressure reducing device, lowers the equipment failure rate, extends the service life of the equipment, and reduces the frequency and cost of equipment maintenance and replacement.

[0037] ③ The method of changing the steam delivery rate in this invention has minimal impact on the temperature and concentration distribution within the distillation tank 1. The uniform upward spiral flow of steam ensures sufficient contact and reaction of substances throughout the tank, promoting a uniform distillation process and improving product purity and quality. For example, in the distillation of RDX crystal mother liquor, uniform steam flow ensures even solvent evaporation, effectively preventing localized overheating or undercooling and maintaining product quality. If pressure regulation is achieved through steam extraction or gas injection, as in existing technologies, it may cause localized temperature and concentration changes within the distillation tank 1. For instance, steam extraction may cause a rapid decrease in steam volume, leading to a drop in temperature and an increase in concentration in certain areas; gas injection may cause a decrease in localized temperature and dilution of concentration, thereby reducing product quality.

[0038] ④ Compared to traditional pressure regulating devices that extract steam and cause the evaporated solvent to be directly discharged from the system, resulting in solvent waste, the steam in this solution will not be discharged, thus avoiding solvent waste.

[0039] ⑤ The pressure of distillation tank 1 is adjusted by changing the steam delivery rate through the adjustment of the blade angle 6. Compared with the traditional method of injecting inert gases such as nitrogen into distillation tank 1 for pressure regulation, this method has advantages in the condensation stage, mainly in avoiding solvent contamination by inert gases such as nitrogen and improving condensation efficiency. Adjusting the blade angle 6 to change the steam delivery rate does not introduce other gases into distillation tank 1. The steam flows in distillation tank 1 according to a preset path and rate. When passing through the condensation unit, it can be directly condensed into a pure liquid without mixing in impurities such as nitrogen. The recovered solvent has high purity, eliminating the need for additional separation and purification steps, greatly reducing production costs and operational complexity.

[0040] When inert gases such as nitrogen are injected into distillation tank 1, the rising steam inside the tank and its contact with the condensing surface is hindered by the nitrogen, preventing sufficient contact between the steam and the condensing surface. Steam molecules must pass through the nitrogen layer to reach the condensing surface for condensation, which increases heat transfer resistance and reduces heat transfer efficiency. By adjusting the angle of blade 6 to change the steam delivery rate, and eliminating the obstruction of nitrogen and other gases, high heat transfer efficiency is achieved.

[0041] ⑥ By rotating the mounting base 5, the blades 6 can be rotated, allowing the steam to flow spirally upwards. During this process, the gas generates centrifugal force, throwing the liquid and solid particles mixed in the steam toward the side wall of the distillation tank 1, achieving the separation of liquid and solid particles, and further improving the purity of the recovered solvent.

[0042] See Figure 1-2In this embodiment: a main shaft 8 is rotatably connected inside the distillation tank 1, and the main shaft 8 is coaxially arranged with the distillation tank 1. The main shaft 8 is connected to a drive component 7, which drives the main shaft 8 to rotate. Specifically, the drive component 7 includes a motor, which is installed on the outer wall of the distillation tank 1. The output shaft of the motor extends vertically downward, and a first transmission wheel is coaxially arranged on the output shaft of the motor. The lower end of the main shaft 8 extends vertically downward through the distillation tank 1, and a second transmission wheel is coaxially arranged on the lower end of the main shaft 8. The first transmission wheel and the second transmission wheel are connected by a belt, a synchronous belt, or a chain.

[0043] Mounting base 5 is mounted on the main shaft 8 and is coaxially and fixedly connected to the main shaft 8. Specifically, mounting base 5 has a cylindrical structure. A first rotating shaft 9 is rotatably connected to mounting base 5. The first rotating shaft 9 is arranged along the diameter direction of the main shaft 8 and is fixedly connected to the blade 6. Specifically, mounting base 5 has a mounting groove on its top, and the end of the first rotating shaft 9 near the main shaft 8 extends into the mounting groove along the diameter direction of the main shaft 8. The first rotating shaft 9 and mounting base 5 are rotatably connected by bearings.

[0044] The first transmission assembly includes a gear 10 and a rack 11. The gear 10 is coaxially fixed on the first rotating shaft 9. Specifically, the gear 10 is located in a mounting groove and is coaxially fixedly connected to one end of the first rotating shaft 9 that extends into the mounting groove. The gear 10 meshes with the rack 11, which is slidably mounted on the mounting seat 5 in the vertical direction. The lower end of the rack 11 extends vertically downward along the mounting groove and meshes with the gear 10. The rack 11 is connected to a pressure reaction assembly. When the actual pressure in the distillation tank 1 is not equal to the preset pressure, the pressure reaction assembly drives the rack 11 to move in the vertical direction. Specifically, in this embodiment, when the actual pressure in the distillation tank 1 is less than the preset pressure, the pressure reaction component can react to the pressure deviation and drive the rack 11 to move downward. The downward movement of the rack 11 will drive the gear 10 to rotate, thereby causing the blade 6 to rotate in the horizontal direction. When the actual pressure in the distillation tank 1 is greater than the preset pressure, the pressure reaction component can react to the pressure deviation and drive the rack 11 to move upward. The upward movement of the rack 11 will drive the gear 10 to rotate, thereby causing the blade 6 to rotate in the axial direction.

[0045] See Figure 1-2 In this embodiment, the pressure reaction assembly includes a cylinder 12 disposed at the top of the distillation tank 1. The cylinder 12 is coaxially arranged with the main shaft 8. A piston 13 is disposed inside the cylinder 12. The piston 13 slides and seals within the cylinder 12 in a vertical direction. The spaces on the upper and lower sides of the piston 13 within the cylinder 12 communicate with the outside and the inside of the distillation tank 1, respectively. An elastic element 14 is disposed between the piston 13 and the cylinder 12. Specifically, the elastic element 14 is a spring, with one end fixedly connected to the piston 13 and the other end fixedly connected to the cylinder 12.

[0046] The top of the main shaft 8 has a plug hole that extends vertically downward. A slide rod 15 is inserted into the plug hole and can slide up and down in the plug hole. The upper end of the slide rod 15 extends vertically upward into the cylinder 12 and connects with the piston 13.

[0047] The main spindle 8 has a strip-shaped through hole on its side wall that communicates with the insertion hole. The strip-shaped through hole is arranged in a vertical direction. A connecting part is provided in the strip-shaped through hole. The connecting part is located between the slide rod 15 and the rack 11. One side of the connecting part is fixedly connected to the slide rod 15, and the other side of the connecting part is fixedly connected to the rack 11.

[0048] When the distillation tank 1 is at the preset pressure, atmospheric pressure is balanced with the internal pressure of the distillation tank 1 through the elastic element 14. When the actual pressure in the distillation tank 1 is less than the preset pressure, this balance is broken, driving the piston 13 to move downward, which in turn drives the slide rod 15 to move downward. The slide rod 15 then drives the rack 11 to move downward through the connecting part. When the actual pressure in the distillation tank 1 is greater than the preset pressure, the piston 13 is driven to move upward, which in turn drives the slide rod 15 to move upward. The slide rod 15 then drives the rack 11 to move upward through the connecting part.

[0049] Furthermore, in order to prevent the piston 13 from rotating together when the slide rod 15 rotates, the upper end of the slide rod 15 is rotatably connected to the piston 13 through a bearing, and a limiting structure is provided inside the cylinder 12 to restrict the rotation of the piston 13.

[0050] In other embodiments, the pressure response assembly includes a push structure, a pressure sensor, and a controller. The pressure sensor monitors the internal pressure in the distillation tank 1 in real time. The push structure is mounted on the mounting base 5 and is used to push the rack 11 up and down. When the actual pressure in the distillation tank 1 is less than the preset pressure, the pressure sensor can detect this pressure deviation and transmit this signal to the controller. The controller controls the push structure to push the rack 11 downward. The downward movement of the rack 11 will drive the gear 10 to rotate, thereby causing the blade 6 to rotate horizontally. When the actual pressure in the distillation tank 1 is greater than the preset pressure, the pressure sensor can detect this pressure deviation and transmit this signal to the controller. The controller controls the push structure to push the rack 11 upward. The upward movement of the rack 11 will drive the gear 10 to rotate, thereby causing the blade 6 to rotate axially.

[0051] See Figure 1-2In this embodiment: a cylindrical collecting shell 16 is provided inside the distillation tank 1. The collecting shell 16 is coaxially arranged with the distillation tank 1, with an open bottom and a steam passage 17 communicating with the inside of the collecting shell 16 at the center of the top. When the blades 6 rotate, the liquid and solid particles mixed in the steam are subjected to centrifugal force and thrown towards the inner wall of the collecting shell 16. After these liquid and solid particles gather on the inner wall of the collecting shell 16, they move downward under their own gravity. The steam is then transported from the top of the collecting shell 16 to the condensation unit.

[0052] It should be noted that objects of different masses occupy different positions under centrifugal force. Because liquid and solid particles are relatively heavier, they are more easily thrown towards the inner wall of the collection shell 16; while steam, being lighter, is closer to the axis and is transported upwards along the axis. The steam outlet 17 is located at the center of the top of the collection shell 16, a design that effectively separates steam from liquid and solid particles.

[0053] In this embodiment, a guide ring 18 is provided at the top of the collection shell 16. The guide ring 18 is coaxially arranged with the opening and surrounds the outside of the opening. Inside the collection shell 16, when liquid and solid particles are thrown towards the inner wall of the collection shell 16, if these particles located at the top of the collection shell 16 do not gather in time, they are easily affected by the airflow and may flow with the airflow towards the steam inlet 17 and enter the condensation unit. The guide ring 18 can effectively reduce this possibility, allowing the liquid and solid particles to move downwards more smoothly, thereby improving the quality of solvent recovery.

[0054] Furthermore, the guide ring 18 can guide the airflow downwards, allowing it to come into contact with the upward-moving airflow, increasing the probability of airflow collision and mixing. Airflow collision and mixing helps accelerate the agglomeration of liquid and solid particles, further improving the separation effect of liquid and solid particles in steam.

[0055] See Figure 1-2 In this embodiment: a collection ring is provided at the bottom of the collection shell 16, and the collection ring is coaxially arranged with the collection shell 16. The blade 6 is located inside the collection ring. An annular collection groove 19 is opened at the top of the collection ring, and the collection groove 19 extends along the circumference of the collection ring. A through hole for the recovery of mother liquor droplets is provided at the bottom of the collection groove 19, and a filter screen 20 is provided at the bottom of the collection groove 19. Specifically, the collection ring and the collection shell 16 are integrally formed.

[0056] Under the influence of gravity, liquid and solid particles fall along the inner wall of the collection shell 16 into the collection tank 19. Solid particles are intercepted by the filter screen 20 and remain in the collection tank 19; liquid particles can pass through the filter screen 20 and enter the bottom of the distillation tank 1, returning to the mother liquor for secondary distillation.

[0057] See Figure 2-4 In this embodiment, a guide plate 21 is provided on the side wall of the collection shell 16. The guide plate 21 is arranged in a vertical direction, that is, the length direction of the guide plate 21 is consistent with the axis direction of the main shaft 8. The inner side of the guide plate 21 is inclined along the rotation direction of the main shaft 8. The inclination direction is the same as the spiral wind direction generated by the rotation of the main shaft 8 and the blades 6. Simply put, the guide plate 21 is not set against the wind, but with the wind.

[0058] The inward tilt direction of the guide vane 21 is consistent with the spiral wind direction generated by the rotation of the main shaft 8 and the blades 6. This downwind setting reduces the airflow resistance to the guide vane 21, reduces energy loss, and guides the airflow more smoothly. In addition, the guide vane 21 can guide the airflow towards the interior of the distillation tank 1, causing it to come into contact with the originally spiraling airflow, thereby increasing the possibility of airflow collision and mixing. Airflow collision and mixing can accelerate the agglomeration of liquid and solid particles, further improving the separation effect of liquid and solid particles in the steam.

[0059] See Figure 3-4 In this embodiment: a second rotating shaft 22 is provided on the outer side of the guide plate 21. The second rotating shaft 22 is rotatably connected to the collection shell 16. A second transmission component is provided between the second rotating shaft 22 and the mounting base 5. During the rotation of the mounting base 5, the guide plate 21 can be periodically oscillated through the second transmission component.

[0060] The second transmission component links steam transport with the separation of liquid and solid particles. During the rotation of the mounting base 5, the guide plate 21 can be periodically oscillated, thereby changing the tilt angle of the guide plate 21 and the airflow guidance direction.

[0061] Furthermore, by using the second transmission component to achieve periodic oscillation of the guide vane 21, the tilt angle of the guide vane 21 can be changed, thereby adjusting the guiding direction of the airflow. In this way, the contact range between the guide vane 21 and the originally spiraling airflow is expanded during the oscillation process, further improving the separation effect.

[0062] See Figure 3-4 In this embodiment: the second transmission component includes a transmission ring 23 fixedly connected to the mounting base 5. The transmission ring 23 is coaxially arranged with the mounting base 5. A fan-shaped transmission block 24 is coaxially arranged on the transmission ring 23. Both ends of the transmission block 24 have inclined surfaces 25. The inner side of the two inclined surfaces 25 extends in opposite directions along the circumference of the transmission ring 23. The transmission block 24 is similar to the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, except that the two sides of the transmission block 24 are arc-shaped.

[0063] A steering block 26 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the second rotating shaft 22. The steering block 26 abuts against the outer side of the transmission block 24. A torsion spring 27 is installed on the second rotating shaft 22. Specifically, the torsion spring 27 is sleeved on the second rotating shaft 22. A limit post is provided on the steering block 26. One torsion arm of the torsion spring 27 abuts against the limit post, and the other torsion arm is fixedly connected to the collection shell 16.

[0064] When the main shaft 8 rotates, it drives the mounting base 5 to rotate, which in turn drives the transmission ring 23 to rotate, and the transmission ring 23 in turn drives the transmission block 24 to rotate. During the rotation of the transmission block 24, the steering block 26 moves along the inner side of the transmission block 24, oscillating back and forth during the movement. As the transmission block 24 rotates continuously with the mounting base 5, the steering block 26 can oscillate periodically, thereby driving the second rotating shaft 22 to rotate, ultimately achieving the periodic oscillation of the guide plate 21.

[0065] It should be understood that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. It should not be considered that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated device for vacuum distillation and solvent recovery of RDX crystallization mother liquor, characterized in that: It includes a vacuum distillation unit, a condensation unit, a steam delivery unit, and a constant pressure unit; The vacuum distillation unit includes a vacuum device and a distillation device. The distillation device includes a vertically arranged distillation tank. The upper side wall of the distillation tank is provided with a vacuum port and a condensation port that communicate with the inside of the distillation tank. The vacuum port and the condensation port are respectively connected to the vacuum device and the condensation unit. The lower side wall of the distillation tank is provided with a feed port that communicates with the inside of the distillation tank. The steam conveying unit includes a mounting base, blades, and a driving component. The mounting base is rotatably disposed inside the distillation tank. The blades are rotatably connected to the mounting base. By rotating the mounting base, the blades are driven to rotate, thereby achieving a spiral upward flow of steam. The driving component is mounted on the distillation tank and is used to drive the mounting base to rotate. The constant pressure unit includes a pressure reaction component, and a first transmission component is provided between the pressure reaction component and the blade. The distillation tank is provided with a preset pressure. When the actual pressure in the distillation tank is less than the preset pressure, the pressure reaction component can rotate the blade in the horizontal direction through the first transmission component to reduce the axial delivery of steam. When the actual pressure in the distillation tank is greater than the preset pressure, the pressure reaction component can rotate the blade in the vertical direction through the first transmission component to increase the axial delivery of steam.

2. The integrated device for vacuum distillation and solvent recovery of RDX crystallization mother liquor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A main shaft is rotatably connected inside the distillation tank. The main shaft is coaxially arranged with the distillation tank and is connected to a drive component. The drive component is used to drive the main shaft to rotate. A mounting base is passed through the main shaft and is coaxially and fixedly connected to the main shaft. A first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the mounting base. The first rotating shaft is arranged along the diameter direction of the main shaft and is fixedly connected to a blade. The first transmission component includes a gear and a rack. The gear is coaxially fixed on a first rotating shaft. The gear meshes with the rack. The rack is slidably mounted on a mounting base in the vertical direction. The rack is connected to a pressure reaction component. When the actual pressure in the distillation tank is not equal to the preset pressure, the pressure reaction component drives the rack to move in the vertical direction.

3. The integrated device for vacuum distillation and solvent recovery of RDX crystallization mother liquor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressure reaction assembly includes a cylinder disposed at the top of the distillation tank. The cylinder is coaxially arranged with the main shaft. A piston is disposed inside the cylinder. The piston slides and seals with the cylinder in a vertical direction. The spaces on the upper and lower sides of the piston inside the cylinder are respectively connected to the outside and the inside of the distillation tank. An elastic element is disposed between the piston and the cylinder. The top of the main shaft is provided with a plug hole, which extends vertically downward. A slide rod is inserted into the plug hole and can slide up and down in the plug hole. The upper end of the slide rod extends vertically upward into the cylinder and connects with the piston. The spindle sidewall has a strip-shaped through hole that communicates with the insertion hole. The strip-shaped through hole is arranged in a vertical direction. A connecting part is provided in the strip-shaped through hole. The connecting part is located between the slide rod and the rack. One side of the connecting part is fixedly connected to the slide rod, and the other side of the connecting part is fixedly connected to the rack.

4. The integrated apparatus for vacuum distillation and solvent recovery of RDX crystallization mother liquor according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The distillation tank is equipped with a cylindrical collecting shell, which is coaxially arranged with the distillation tank. The bottom of the collecting shell is open, and a steam flow port communicating with the inside of the collecting shell is opened at the center of the top of the collecting shell.

5. The integrated apparatus for vacuum distillation and solvent recovery of RDX crystallization mother liquor according to claim 4, characterized in that: A flow guide ring is provided at the top of the collection shell. The flow guide ring is coaxially arranged with the opening and surrounds the outside of the opening.

6. The integrated apparatus for vacuum distillation and solvent recovery of RDX crystallization mother liquor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom of the collecting shell is provided with a collecting ring, which is coaxially arranged with the collecting shell. The blade is located inside the collecting ring. The top of the collecting ring is provided with an annular collecting groove that extends along the circumference of the collecting ring. The bottom of the collecting groove is provided with a through hole for the recovery of mother liquor droplets. A filter screen is provided at the bottom of the collecting groove.

7. The integrated apparatus for vacuum distillation and solvent recovery of RDX crystallization mother liquor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The side wall of the collection shell is provided with a guide plate, which is arranged in a vertical direction, and the inner side of the guide plate is inclined along the rotation direction of the main shaft.

8. The integrated apparatus for vacuum distillation and solvent recovery of RDX crystallization mother liquor according to claim 7, characterized in that: A second rotating shaft is provided on the outer side of the guide plate. The second rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the collection shell. A second transmission assembly is provided between the second rotating shaft and the mounting base. During the rotation of the mounting base, the guide plate can be periodically oscillated through the second transmission assembly.

9. The integrated apparatus for vacuum distillation and solvent recovery of RDX crystallization mother liquor according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second transmission assembly includes a transmission ring fixedly connected to the mounting base. The transmission ring is coaxially arranged with the mounting base. A fan-shaped transmission block is coaxially arranged on the transmission ring. Both ends of the transmission block have inclined surfaces, and the inner side of the two inclined surfaces extends in opposite directions along the circumference of the transmission ring. A steering block is provided at the lower end of the second rotating shaft, and the steering block abuts against the outer side of the transmission block. A torsion spring is installed on the second rotating shaft.

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