Low-grade radioactive multi-metal beneficiation comprehensive recovery method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of beneficiation, and provides a low-grade radioactive multi-metal beneficiation comprehensive recovery method which comprises the following steps: ore crushing and grinding: crushing and grinding raw ore to preset fineness, and mixing to obtain ground ore pulp; the method specifically comprises the steps that at least one section of wet type strong magnetic separation is conducted on ore pulp obtained after ore grinding, and magnetic separation concentrate and magnetic separation tailings are obtained; and flotation enrichment is conducted, specifically, after size mixing is conducted on the magnetic separation concentrate, a pH regulator, a gangue inhibitor and a combined collecting agent are sequentially added for flotation, and flotation concentrate rich in uranium, rare earth and niobium and flotation tailings rich in uranium, rare earth and niobium are obtained; the method specifically comprises the steps that centrifugal gravity separation is conducted on the flotation tailings, gravity separation rough concentrate is obtained, then magnetic separation is conducted on the gravity separation rough concentrate, and zirconium concentrate is obtained. Through the collaborative process design of magnetic separation pre-enrichment, flotation separation and reselection recovery, comprehensive recovery of valuable metal is achieved, the production cost is reduced, and the ore deposit development benefits are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of mineral processing technology, and more specifically, to a comprehensive recovery method for low-grade radioactive polymetallic mineral processing. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the comprehensive recovery of traditional low-grade radioactive polymetallic ores mostly employs acid leaching. However, these ores have complex mineral compositions, with large amounts of valuable elements such as uranium, thorium, rare earth elements, and niobium occurring isomorphously in silicate minerals such as cerium titanate ore. Direct leaching results in low chemical reactivity, leading to extremely high acid consumption and unsatisfactory leaching rates of valuable elements. Simultaneously, alkaline gangue minerals in the ore, such as nepheline and feldspar, consume large amounts of acid and form silica gels during leaching, making solid-liquid separation of the leached pulp extremely difficult and hindering subsequent extraction processes. These technical bottlenecks result in high extraction costs and poor economic viability, preventing the effective development and utilization of this vast low-grade radioactive polymetallic deposit to date. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application aims to at least address the problems in related technologies where conventional acid leaching methods not only result in high acid consumption and low leaching rates of valuable elements, but also in difficulties in solid-liquid separation of the leached slurry and high extraction costs.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application is implemented as follows:

[0005] This application provides a comprehensive recovery method for low-grade radioactive polymetallic mineral processing, comprising: ore crushing and grinding, specifically including: crushing the raw ore, grinding it to a predetermined fineness, and adjusting the slurry to obtain a post-grinding slurry; magnetic pre-enrichment, specifically including: subjecting the post-grinding slurry to at least one stage of wet high-intensity magnetic separation to obtain magnetic concentrate and magnetic tailings; flotation enrichment, specifically including: after adjusting the magnetic concentrate slurry, sequentially adding a pH adjuster, gangue inhibitor, and a combined collector for flotation to obtain a flotation concentrate and flotation tailings rich in uranium, rare earth elements, and niobium; and gravity separation recovery, specifically including: centrifuging the flotation tailings to obtain a gravity rough concentrate, and then subjecting the gravity rough concentrate to magnetic separation to obtain zirconium concentrate.

[0006] This application provides a comprehensive recovery method for low-grade radioactive polymetallic minerals through beneficiation. By employing a synergistic process design of "magnetic pre-enrichment, flotation separation, and gravity recovery," the method achieves comprehensive recovery of valuable metals, reduces production costs, and improves the efficiency of mineral deposit development. First, utilizing the generally weak magnetic properties of valuable minerals, pre-enrichment and removal of a large amount of acid-consuming gangue are achieved through staged grinding and staged strong magnetic separation, concentrating the carrier minerals of uranium, rare earth elements, niobium, and zirconium in the magnetic concentrate. Then, using a combination of "oxalic acid + phosphate + lignin sulfonate" as a modifier and a combination of "quaternary ammonium salt + xanthate" as a collector, stepwise flotation efficiently enriches uranium, rare earth elements, and niobium minerals in the flotation concentrate, significantly reducing the processing volume and acid consumption in subsequent hydrometallurgical processes. Finally, zirconium minerals in the flotation tailings are recovered using a combined centrifugal gravity separation and magnetic separation process. This method achieves comprehensive recovery of valuable elements, with uranium recovery exceeding 69%, niobium recovery exceeding 72%, and rare earth recovery exceeding 76% in flotation concentrate, and zirconium recovery reaching 26% in zirconium concentrate. It fundamentally solves the industry problem of high cost and uneconomical development and utilization of complex low-grade radioactive polymetallic ores through direct leaching.

[0007] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent in the following description or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0008] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0009] Figure 1 This is one of the flowcharts for a comprehensive recovery method for low-grade radioactive polymetallic mineral processing according to an embodiment of this application;

[0010] Figure 2 This is a second flowchart of a method for comprehensive recovery of low-grade radioactive polymetallic minerals in an embodiment of this application.

[0011] Figure 3 This is a process flow diagram of a method for comprehensive recovery of low-grade radioactive polymetallic minerals according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0013] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this application. However, this application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0014] The following reference Figures 1 to 3 This application describes a method for the comprehensive recovery of low-grade radioactive polymetallic minerals through beneficiation, based on some embodiments thereof.

[0015] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, Figure 1 This is one of the flowcharts for a comprehensive recovery method for low-grade radioactive polymetallic mineral processing according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a second flowchart of a method for comprehensive recovery of low-grade radioactive polymetallic minerals in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 This is a process flow diagram of a method for comprehensive recovery of low-grade radioactive polymetallic minerals according to an embodiment of this application.

[0016] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of this application provides a method for comprehensive recovery of low-grade radioactive polymetallic minerals through beneficiation, including: ore crushing and grinding, specifically including: crushing the raw ore, grinding it to a predetermined fineness, and adjusting the slurry to obtain a post-grinding slurry; magnetic pre-enrichment, specifically including: subjecting the post-grinding slurry to at least one stage of wet high-intensity magnetic separation to obtain magnetic concentrate and magnetic tailings; flotation enrichment, specifically including: adjusting the magnetic concentrate slurry, and sequentially adding a pH adjuster, gangue inhibitor, and combined collector for flotation to obtain a flotation concentrate and flotation tailings rich in uranium, rare earth elements, and niobium; and gravity separation recovery, specifically including: centrifuging the flotation tailings to obtain a gravity rough concentrate, and then subjecting the gravity rough concentrate to magnetic separation to obtain zirconium concentrate.

[0017] This application provides a comprehensive recovery method for low-grade radioactive polymetallic mineral processing. Through a synergistic process design of "magnetic pre-enrichment, flotation separation, and gravity recovery," it achieves comprehensive recovery of valuable metals, reduces production costs, and improves the efficiency of mineral deposit development. First, utilizing the generally weak magnetic properties of valuable minerals, pre-enrichment and removal of a large amount of acid-consuming gangue are achieved through staged grinding and staged strong magnetic separation, concentrating the carrier minerals of uranium, rare earth elements, niobium, and zirconium in the magnetic concentrate. Then, using a combination of "oxalic acid + phosphate + lignin sulfonate" as a modifier and a combination of "quaternary ammonium salt + xanthate" as a collector, stepwise flotation efficiently enriches uranium, rare earth elements, and niobium minerals in the flotation concentrate, significantly reducing the processing volume and acid consumption in subsequent hydrometallurgical processes. Finally, zirconium minerals in the flotation tailings are recovered using a combined centrifugal gravity separation and magnetic separation process. This method achieves comprehensive recovery of valuable elements, with uranium recovery exceeding 69%, niobium recovery exceeding 72%, and rare earth recovery exceeding 76% in flotation concentrate, and zirconium recovery reaching 26% in zirconium concentrate. It fundamentally solves the industry problem of high cost and uneconomical development and utilization of complex low-grade radioactive polymetallic ores through direct leaching.

[0018] Specifically, low-grade radioactive polymetallic deposits are currently found within alkaline nepheline syenite, belonging to medium-to-high temperature hydrothermal deposits. These are comprehensive deposits containing uranium, thorium, niobium, zirconium, and rare earth elements. The ore contains a variety of minerals, with the main minerals being potassium-sodium feldspar, nepheline, beryl sericite, and collodion beryl sericite; minor minerals include anisodactyly, amphibole, pectinate, saltite, titanium-niobium calcium-cerium ore, uranium-silica calcium-magnesium ore, ferroaluminite, biotite, sphene, fluorite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena; secondary alteration minerals include: cere nepheline, natronite, albite, hydromica, calcite, hydrosericite, uranium-silica calcium-cerium ore, uranium-silica calcium-magnesium ore, and limonite. Uranium is mainly found isomorphously in beryl sericite, partially in uranium-silica calcium-magnesium ore, and partially dispersed. Thorium is mainly found in the green-bedded cerium-titanium ore, occurring in isomorphous forms. Rare earth elements are one of the main components of the green-bedded ore. Niobium is mainly found in the green-bedded cerium-titanium ore in isomorphous forms, with a small amount found in titanium-niobium-calcium-cerium ore. Zirconium is found in anisodactyly and sodium zircon. The ore contains relatively low grades of valuable elements such as uranium, thorium, niobium, zirconium, and rare earth elements, but the reserves are large. Moreover, since most minerals are aluminosilicates or ferrosilicones, conventional acid leaching methods result in high acid consumption, low leaching rates of valuable elements, and difficult solid-liquid separation of the leached pulp, leading to high extraction costs. As a result, this deposit has not yet been developed and utilized.

[0019] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, and considering the characteristics of low-grade radioactive polymetallic ores, such as complex mineral composition, isomorphous elements, low grade of valuable elements, high acid consumption during direct leaching, and high development costs, this application provides a comprehensive recovery method for low-grade radioactive polymetallic ores through beneficiation.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, this application proposes a comprehensive recovery method for low-grade radioactive polymetallic mineral processing, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0021] S102, ore crushing and grinding, specifically including: crushing the raw ore, grinding it to a predetermined fineness, and preparing the slurry to obtain the ground slurry;

[0022] S104, magnetic pre-enrichment is carried out, specifically including: the slurry after grinding is subjected to at least one stage of wet high-intensity magnetic separation to obtain magnetic concentrate and magnetic tailings;

[0023] S106, flotation enrichment is carried out, specifically including: after adjusting the magnetic concentrate into a pulp, pH adjuster, gangue inhibitor and combined collector are added in sequence for flotation to obtain flotation concentrate and flotation tailings rich in uranium, rare earth and niobium.

[0024] S108, gravity separation recovery, specifically includes: centrifugal gravity separation of flotation tailings to obtain gravity concentrate, and then magnetic separation of the gravity concentrate to obtain zirconium concentrate.

[0025] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a comprehensive recovery method for low-grade radioactive polymetallic mineral processing, which is applied to the beneficiation and enrichment process of complex low-grade radioactive polymetallic ores.

[0026] Specifically, this method directly achieves efficient separation and enrichment of uranium, niobium, rare earth elements, and zirconium through specific process conditions and synergistic effects of reagents in each step. The final recovery rates of uranium, niobium, and rare earth elements in the flotation concentrate reach 69.08%, 72.02%, and 76.46%, respectively, while the recovery rate of zirconium in the zirconium concentrate reaches 26.15%. This significantly reduces the processing costs and acid consumption of subsequent hydrometallurgical processes, providing a reliable technical approach for the economic development of such low-grade complex resources.

[0027] In some embodiments, optionally, such as Figure 2 As shown, the ore slurry after grinding undergoes at least one stage of wet high-intensity magnetic separation to obtain magnetic concentrate and magnetic tailings. Specifically, this includes: adjusting the concentration of the ore slurry after grinding to 8%–40%, and performing a first stage of magnetic separation under a magnetic field strength of 0.5T–1.0T to obtain a first magnetic concentrate and a first magnetic tailings; re-grinding the first magnetic tailings to a thickness of -0.074mm accounting for 45%–80%, adjusting the slurry concentration to 8%–40%, and performing a second stage of magnetic separation under a magnetic field strength of 0.8T–1.5T to obtain a second magnetic concentrate and a second magnetic tailings; and combining the first and second magnetic concentrates into a target magnetic concentrate.

[0028] Specifically, multi-stage magnetic separation can achieve efficient pre-enrichment of valuable minerals. This application only illustrates the efficient pre-enrichment of valuable minerals using a two-stage magnetic separation process. The first stage of magnetic separation, under a medium magnetic field strength such as 0.5T to 1.0T, can pre-separate strongly magnetic and some weakly magnetic useful minerals that have already been liberated, forming the first magnetic concentrate. At the same time, some qualified tailings are discarded, reducing the amount of regrinding required in subsequent stages. The tailings from the first stage of magnetic separation are regrinded to a particle size of -0.074mm, accounting for 45% to 80%, to further liberate valuable minerals associated with gangue. Subsequently, the second stage of magnetic separation is carried out under a higher magnetic field strength such as 0.8T to 1.5T, which can effectively recover the weakly magnetic useful minerals lost in the first stage of magnetic separation due to encapsulation or association, forming the second magnetic concentrate. Finally, the two magnetic separation concentrates are combined to obtain the magnetic separation concentrate. This operation ensures the maximization of the recovery rate of valuable minerals and discards most of the acid-consuming alkaline gangue minerals such as nepheline and feldspar in the final magnetic separation tailings. This significantly reduces the amount of ore and acid consumption in subsequent flotation operations and creates favorable conditions for subsequent efficient flotation.

[0029] In specific applications, the magnetic field strength can be set to 0.5T, 0.6T, 0.8T, 1.0T, 1.2T or 1.5T, etc., depending on the specific circumstances. These values ​​will not be listed here.

[0030] In some embodiments, optionally, such as Figure 2 As shown, after adjusting the pulp of the magnetic concentrate, a pH adjuster, a gangue inhibitor, and a combined collector are added sequentially for flotation to obtain a flotation concentrate and flotation tailings rich in uranium, rare earth elements, and niobium. Specifically, the process includes: adjusting the pulp concentration of the target magnetic concentrate to 10%–45%; first, adding a first-preset amount of pH adjuster oxalic acid and stirring; then adding a second-preset amount of gangue inhibitor ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and a third-preset amount of sodium lignosulfonate and stirring; finally, adding a fourth-preset amount of the combined collector methyltrioctylammonium chloride and a fifth-preset amount of butyl xanthate under preset conditions. Roughing is performed to obtain flotation rough concentrate and flotation rough tailings; the flotation rough concentrate is subjected to at least one cleaning process to obtain flotation concentrate one; water glass, a sixth preset amount of inhibitor, and L-cysteine, a seventh preset amount are added to the flotation rough tailings and stirred, followed by the addition of sodium petroleum xanthate, an eighth preset amount of collector, and octanoyl hydroxamic acid, and scavenging is carried out under preset conditions to obtain scavenging rough concentrate and scavenging rough tailings; the scavenging rough concentrate is subjected to at least one cleaning process to obtain flotation concentrate two; flotation concentrate one and flotation concentrate two are combined to obtain the final flotation concentrate.

[0031] Specifically, a flotation process employing stepwise reagent addition and roughing, scavenging, and cleaning stages can achieve efficient and selective enrichment of uranium, rare earth, and niobium minerals. First, oxalic acid, acting as a pH adjuster and activator, cleans the mineral surface and creates a suitable flotation environment. The combination of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium lignosulfonate selectively inhibits silicate gangue minerals, reducing their inclusion in the concentrate. Methyltrioctylammonium chloride and butyl xanthate, used as a combination of cationic and anionic collectors, synergistically act on the surface of complex silicate minerals containing uranium, rare earth, and niobium, improving their hydrophobicity and floatability, thus efficiently collecting these valuable minerals during the roughing stage. Cleaning the rough concentrate gradually removes intergrowths and inclusions of gangue, further improving the concentrate grade. Scavenging the rough tailings is a crucial step. Water glass and L-cysteine ​​further suppress residual easily floatable gangue and disperse the slurry, while sodium petroleum xanthate and octanoyl hydroxamic acid effectively collect target minerals that failed to float during the roughing stage due to concentration fluctuations, collector selectivity, or mechanical inclusions, significantly reducing the loss of valuable metals in the flotation tailings. Finally, the concentrates obtained from the two cleaning processes are combined to maximize the recovery rates of uranium, rare earth elements, and niobium. This flotation process and reagent system are specifically tailored to the surface properties of the target minerals, directly resulting in uranium, niobium, and rare earth recovery rates of 69.08%, 72.02%, and 76.46%, respectively. It successfully enriches valuable elements in the flotation concentrate, providing high-quality raw materials for subsequent hydrometallurgical operations and significantly reducing acid consumption and costs.

[0032] In some embodiments, optionally, the first preset dosage is oxalic acid 800g / t to 5000g / t, the second preset dosage is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 100g / t to 600g / t, the third preset dosage is sodium lignosulfonate 50g / t to 300g / t, the fourth preset dosage is methyltrioctylammonium chloride 200g / t to 2000g / t, and the fifth preset dosage is butyl xanthate 100g / t to 500g / t.

[0033] Specifically, oxalic acid at a dosage of 800–5000 g / t is sufficient to effectively adjust the pulp pH, activate the target mineral surface, and partially dissolve certain inhibitory films. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate at a ratio of 100–600 g / t and sodium lignosulfonate at 50–300 g / t produces a synergistic inhibition effect, effectively inhibiting silicate gangue minerals such as nepheline and feldspar, while exhibiting relatively weak inhibition of the target mineral, thus significantly improving the selectivity of the flotation process. The combination of methyltrioctylammonium chloride at 200–2000 g / t and butyl xanthate at 100–500 g / t produces the best synergistic collecting effect within this dosage range. The cationic and anionic collectors work together on the surface of complex silicate minerals, greatly enhancing the hydrophobicity and floatability of target minerals (such as chlorophyllite), ensuring high recovery rates of uranium, rare earth elements, and niobium. The direct technical benefits of this reagent system are stable flotation process, high selectivity, and significant recovery rate.

[0034] In specific applications, the dosages are as follows: oxalic acid 2500 g / t, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 400 g / t, sodium lignosulfonate 150 g / t, methyl trioctyl ammonium chloride 800 g / t, and butyl xanthate 200 g / t. These can be selected based on the actual application conditions and will not be listed here.

[0035] In some embodiments, optionally, the sixth preset dosage is 300g / t to 3000g / t of water glass, the seventh preset dosage is 100g / t to 800g / t of L-cysteine, the eighth preset dosage is 100g / t to 800g / t of sodium petroleum xanthate, and the ninth preset dosage is 100g / t to 1000g / t of capryloyl hydroxamic acid.

[0036] Specifically, precise control of reagent dosage during scavenging is crucial to maximizing the recovery of valuable minerals not fully recovered in the roughing process. Water glass (300g / t to 3000g / t) primarily disperses the slurry and inhibits silicate gangue; its dosage is sufficient to effectively prevent fine mud agglomeration and improve the selectivity of subsequent collectors. L-cysteine ​​(100g / t to 800g / t), as an effective depressant, selectively adsorbs onto the surface of certain easily floatable sulfide minerals or heavy metal oxides, inhibiting their floatability and reducing their interference with concentrate quality, thereby improving the separation environment. Sodium petroleum xanthate (100g / t to 800g / t), as an anionic collector, ensures sufficient collection of residual valuable minerals with varying surface properties within this wide dosage range. Capryloyl hydroxamic acid (100g / t~1000g / t) exhibits strong collecting ability for rare earth, niobium, and other metal oxides and silicate minerals. When used in combination with sodium petroleum xanthate, it produces a synergistic effect, significantly enhancing the collecting intensity and recovery efficiency of fine-grained, difficult-to-float valuable minerals remaining in the roughing tailings. The direct technical benefit of this scavenging reagent system is a significant reduction in the final loss of valuable elements in flotation tailings. Combined with roughing operations, it jointly ensures the achievement of high overall recovery rates for uranium, niobium, and rare earth elements. Furthermore, the compatibility and dosage range design of the reagents balance economic efficiency and effectiveness.

[0037] In specific applications, the specific values ​​are as follows: water glass 800g / t, L-cysteine ​​400g / t, sodium petroleum xanthate 300g / t, and octanoyl hydroxamic acid 700g / t. These values ​​can be selected based on the actual application and will not be listed here.

[0038] In some embodiments, the preset conditions are optionally: stirring for 3 min to 15 min at a flotation machine rotor speed of 1200 r / min to 2400 r / min.

[0039] Specifically, controlling the rotor speed of the flotation machine within the range of 1200 r / min to 2400 r / min generates sufficient shear force and turbulence intensity. This ensures rapid dispersion of reagents throughout the slurry system, preventing excessively high or low concentrations in certain areas. Furthermore, it keeps mineral particles in a good suspended state, increasing the probability of effective collisions between the reagents and the target mineral surface. Maintaining the stirring time between 3 and 15 minutes provides the necessary time for these effects, ensuring that the pH adjuster can fully regulate the slurry's chemical environment, the inhibitor can firmly adsorb onto the gangue mineral surface, and the collector can effectively cover and hydrophobize the target mineral surface. Too low a rotation speed or too short a stirring time will result in incomplete reagent action, affecting the recovery rate; too high a rotation speed or too long a stirring time may cause desorption of adsorbed reagents, exacerbate mud formation, and unnecessarily increase energy consumption. The direct technical effect of this set of optimized parameters is the formation of mineralized froth with good stability and high selectivity, significantly improving the technical indicators and stability of the flotation process, while ensuring that the energy consumption of the entire process remains at an economically reasonable level.

[0040] In specific applications, the rotor speed of the flotation machine can be set to 1200 r / min, 1500 r / min, 1800 r / min, 2000 r / min or 2400 r / min, and the stirring time can be set to 3 min, 5 min, 8 min, 10 min or 15 min. The specific selection can be made according to the actual use situation, and will not be listed here.

[0041] In some embodiments, optionally, such as Figure 2 As shown, the flotation tailings are subjected to centrifugal gravity separation to obtain gravity concentrate, and then the gravity concentrate is subjected to magnetic separation to obtain zirconium concentrate. Specifically, the process includes: centrifugal gravity separation of scavenging tailings to obtain gravity concentrate and gravity tailings; centrifugal cleaning of the gravity concentrate at least once to obtain gravity concentrate; and magnetic separation of the gravity concentrate under a predetermined magnetic field strength to obtain zirconium concentrate and tailings.

[0042] Specifically, this combined gravity and magnetic separation process is a recovery scheme designed based on the physical characteristics of zirconium minerals in flotation tailings. First, the strong centrifugal force field generated by a centrifugal concentrator effectively enriches denser zirconium mineral particles in the gravity concentrate, achieving initial separation from a large amount of light-density gangue minerals. Then, the gravity concentrate undergoes centrifugal refining to further remove intergrowths and gangue minerals of similar density, increasing the initial enrichment ratio of zirconium minerals. Finally, taking advantage of the generally non-magnetic or weakly magnetic nature of zirconium minerals, magnetic separation at 0.5T–1.0T is applied to the gravity concentrate, effectively separating and removing small amounts of magnetic minerals, such as ilmenite, iron-bearing minerals, and magnetic intergrowths, ultimately yielding high-quality zirconium concentrate. This combined process improves the recovery efficiency of fine-grained, low-content zirconium minerals.

[0043] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps of the comprehensive recovery method for low-grade radioactive polymetallic ore beneficiation are as follows:

[0044] S202, ore crushing and grinding, specifically includes: crushing the raw ore, grinding it to a predetermined fineness, and preparing the slurry to obtain the ground slurry;

[0045] S204, Magnetic pre-enrichment is performed, specifically including: adjusting the concentration of the slurry after grinding to 8%–40%, and performing a first stage of magnetic separation under a magnetic field strength of 0.5T–1.0T to obtain a first magnetic concentrate and a first magnetic tailings; re-grinding the first magnetic tailings to a particle size of -0.074mm accounting for 45%–80%, adjusting the slurry concentration to 8%–40%, and performing a second stage of magnetic separation under a magnetic field strength of 0.8T–1.5T to obtain a second magnetic concentrate and a second magnetic tailings; combining the first magnetic concentrate and the second magnetic concentrate into a target magnetic concentrate;

[0046] S206, flotation enrichment is carried out, specifically including: adjusting the pulp concentration of the target magnetic concentrate to 10%–45%, first adding a first preset amount of pH adjuster oxalic acid and stirring, then adding a second preset amount of gangue inhibitor ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and a third preset amount of sodium lignosulfonate and stirring, and finally adding a fourth preset amount of combined collector methyl trioctyl ammonium chloride and a fifth preset amount of butyl xanthate, and performing roughing under preset conditions to obtain flotation rough concentrate and flotation rough tailings; the flotation rough concentrate The ore undergoes at least one fine cleaning process to obtain flotation concentrate one; a sixth preset amount of inhibitor water glass and a seventh preset amount of L-cysteine ​​are added to the flotation rough tailings and stirred, then an eighth preset amount of collector sodium petroleum xanthate and a ninth preset amount of octanoyl hydroxamic acid are added and scavenged under preset conditions to obtain scavenged rough concentrate and scavenged rough tailings; the scavenged rough concentrate undergoes at least one fine cleaning process to obtain flotation concentrate two; flotation concentrate one and flotation concentrate two are combined to obtain the final flotation concentrate;

[0047] S208, performing gravity separation recovery, specifically including: centrifuging the scavenged tailings to obtain gravity concentrate and gravity tailings; centrifuging the gravity concentrate at least once to obtain gravity concentrate; and magnetically separating the gravity concentrate under a predetermined magnetic field strength to obtain zirconium concentrate and tailings.

[0048] By designing a synergistic process involving ore crushing and grinding, magnetic pre-enrichment, flotation separation, and gravity recovery, the comprehensive recovery of valuable metals can be achieved, reducing production costs and improving the efficiency of mineral deposit development.

[0049] In some embodiments, the predetermined conditions are optionally: magnetic separation is performed under a magnetic field strength of 0.5T to 1.0T.

[0050] Specifically, by performing magnetic separation under a limited magnetic field strength of 0.5T to 1.0T during the gravity separation recovery stage, a small amount of mixed magnetic minerals can be effectively separated and removed, ultimately yielding high-quality zircon concentrate.

[0051] In some embodiments, the raw ore may be coarsely crushed to a particle size of less than 8 mm.

[0052] Specifically, by coarsely crushing the raw ore to a particle size of less than 8mm, it is easier to grind the crushed ore to a predetermined fineness, which facilitates the smooth progress of subsequent mineral processing steps and improves the overall recovery rate of valuable elements.

[0053] In some embodiments, optionally, the predetermined fineness of -0.074 mm accounts for 30% to 50%.

[0054] Specifically, by limiting the predetermined fineness to -0.074 mm for 30% to 50%, efficient separation and enrichment of uranium, niobium, rare earth elements and zirconium can be achieved, thereby increasing the overall recovery rate of valuable minerals.

[0055] Specifically, a specific embodiment of the comprehensive recovery method for low-grade radioactive polymetallic mineral processing provided in this application is as follows:

[0056] Example 1: As Figure 3 As shown,

[0057] (1) The ore is crushed to a particle size of <8mm, then ground to a particle size of -0.074mm accounting for 50%, the concentration of the ground slurry is adjusted to 20%, and a wet high-intensity magnetic separator is used for magnetic separation under a magnetic field strength of 1.2T to obtain magnetic concentrate and tailings 1 (i.e. magnetic tailings).

[0058] (2) Divide the above magnetic separation concentrate into two parts, A and B, and adjust the pulp concentration to 40%. Add 1500 g / t of oxalic acid and 0 g / t of oxalic acid respectively. Stir for 10 min under the condition that the rotor speed of the flotation machine is 2000 r / min. Add 300 g / t of gangue inhibitor ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 100 g / t of sodium lignosulfonate respectively. Stir for 10 min under the condition that the rotor speed of the flotation machine is 2000 r / min. Add 800 g / t of collector methyl trioctyl ammonium chloride and 200 g / t of butyl xanthate respectively. Add 1000 g / t of collector methyl trioctyl ammonium chloride and 0 g / t of butyl xanthate respectively. Stir for 10 min under the condition that the rotor speed of the flotation machine is 2000 r / min. After the collector has fully reacted with the target mineral, aeration flotation is carried out to obtain flotation rough concentrate and flotation rough tailings respectively.

[0059] (3) Add 1000g / t of water glass and 300g / t of L-cysteine ​​to the above-mentioned flotation rough tailings. Stir for 10min under the condition that the rotor speed of the flotation machine is 2000r / min. Add 500g / t of sodium petroleum xanthate and 300g / t of sodium octanoyl hydroxamic acid to the flotation machine. Stir for 10min under the condition that the rotor speed of the flotation machine is 2000r / min. After the collectors have fully reacted with the target minerals, aeration flotation is carried out to obtain scavenging concentrate and scavenging tailings respectively.

[0060] (4) The above-mentioned scavenging tailings are separated by centrifugal concentrators to obtain gravity concentrate and gravity tailings; the above-mentioned gravity concentrate is separated by wet magnetic separator under a magnetic field strength of 0.5T to obtain zirconium concentrate and tailings 2.

[0061] The experimental results are shown in Table 1:

[0062] Table 1. Experimental Results

[0063]

[0064] Example 2: As Figure 3 As shown:

[0065] (1) The ore is crushed to a particle size of <6mm, then ground to a particle size of -0.074mm accounting for 55%, the concentration of the ground slurry is adjusted to 20%, and a wet high-intensity magnetic separator is used for magnetic separation under a magnetic field strength of 0.8T to obtain magnetic concentrate 1 and magnetic tailings 1.

[0066] (2) The magnetic tailings 1 were regrinded to a particle size of -0.74mm accounting for 70%, and then magnetically separated by a wet high-intensity magnetic separator under a magnetic field strength of 1.2T to obtain magnetic concentrate 2 and tailings 1;

[0067] (3) Combine the above-mentioned magnetic concentrate 1 (i.e., the first magnetic concentrate) and magnetic concentrate 2 (i.e., the second magnetic concentrate) into a magnetic concentrate (i.e., the target magnetic concentrate), divide it into two parts A and B, adjust the pulp concentration to 30% for both parts, add 1800 g / t of oxalic acid to both parts, and stir for 8 min under the condition of 2000 r / min of the flotation machine rotor speed; add 350 g / t of gangue inhibitor ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150 g / t of sodium lignosulfonate respectively; stir for 8 min under the condition of 2000 r / min of the flotation machine rotor speed; add 800 g / t of collector methyl trioctyl ammonium chloride and 200 g / t of butyl xanthate respectively; stir for 8 min under the condition of 2000 r / min of the flotation machine rotor speed, and after the collector and the target mineral have fully reacted, aeration flotation is carried out to obtain flotation rough concentrate 1 and flotation rough tailings 1 respectively.

[0068] (4) Add 1100 g / t of water glass and 400 g / t of L-cysteine ​​to the above-mentioned flotation rough tailings 1 respectively; add 1500 g / t of water glass and 0 g / t of L-cysteine ​​respectively; stir for 8 min under the condition of 2000 r / min of flotation machine rotor speed; add 600 g / t of sodium petroleum xanthate and 200 g / t of sodium octanoyl hydroxamic acid collector respectively; stir for 8 min under the condition of 2000 r / min of flotation machine rotor speed; after the collector and the target mineral have fully reacted, aeration flotation is carried out to obtain scavenging concentrate and scavenging tailings respectively.

[0069] (5) The above-mentioned scavenging tailings are separated by centrifugal concentrators to obtain gravity concentrate 1 and gravity tailings 2.

[0070] (6) The above-mentioned gravity separation rough concentrate 1 was magnetically separated using a wet high-intensity magnetic separator under a magnetic field strength of 0.6T to obtain zirconium concentrate and tailings 2. The experimental results are shown in Table 2:

[0071] Table 2 Experimental Results

[0072]

[0073] Example 3: As Figure 3 As shown:

[0074] (1) The ore is crushed to a particle size of <5mm, then ground to a particle size of -0.074mm accounting for 60%, the concentration of the ground slurry is adjusted to 25%, and a wet high-intensity magnetic separator is used for magnetic separation under a magnetic field strength of 0.9T to obtain magnetic concentrate 1 and tailings 1;

[0075] (2) The magnetic tailings 1 were regrinded to a particle size of -0.74mm accounting for 75%, and then magnetically separated by a wet high-intensity magnetic separator under a magnetic field strength of 1.5T to obtain magnetic concentrate 2 and tailings 1.

[0076] (3) Combine the above magnetic concentrate 1 and magnetic concentrate 2 into a magnetic concentrate, adjust the pulp concentration to 35%, add 2000 g / t of oxalic acid to both, and stir for 5 min at a flotation machine rotor speed of 2000 r / min; add 450 g / t of gangue inhibitor ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 250 g / t of sodium lignosulfonate respectively; stir for 5 min at a flotation machine rotor speed of 2000 r / min; add 800 g / t of collector methyl trioctyl ammonium chloride and 200 g / t of butyl xanthate; stir for 5 min at a flotation machine rotor speed of 2000 r / min. After the collector has fully reacted with the target mineral, aeration flotation is carried out to obtain flotation rough concentrate 1 and flotation rough tailings 1.

[0077] (4) The rough concentrate 1 is refined twice, and the middlings are returned to the previous flotation stage in sequence to obtain flotation concentrate 1 (i.e. flotation concentrate one);

[0078] (5) Add 1200g / t of water glass and 300g / t of L-cysteine ​​to the above-mentioned flotation rough tailings; stir for 5min under the condition of 2000r / min rotor speed of flotation machine, add 400g / t of sodium petroleum xanthate and 800g / t of sodium octanoyl hydroxamic acid collector, stir for 5min under the condition of 2000r / min rotor speed of flotation machine, and after the collector has fully reacted with the target mineral, aeration flotation is carried out to obtain scavenging concentrate and scavenging tailings respectively.

[0079] (6) The scavenging concentrate is refined twice, and the middlings are returned to the next stage of flotation to obtain flotation concentrate 2 (i.e. flotation concentrate two);

[0080] (7) The above-mentioned scavenging tailings are separated by a centrifugal concentrator to obtain gravity concentrate 1 and gravity tailings 2; the above-mentioned gravity concentrate 1 is magnetically separated by a wet high-intensity magnetic separator under a magnetic field strength of 0.8T to obtain zirconium concentrate and tailings 2.

[0081] The experimental results are shown in Table 3:

[0082] Table 3. Experimental Results

[0083]

[0084] This low-grade radioactive polymetallic deposit is a medium-to-high temperature hydrothermal deposit, a comprehensive deposit containing uranium, thorium, niobium, zirconium, and rare earth elements. The main valuable minerals in the ore are beryl silicocerium titanate, beryl silicocerium titanate, titanium niobium calcium cerium ore, uranium silicocerium magnesia, anisodactyly, and sodium zircon. Gangue minerals mainly include potassium feldspar, nepheline, amphibole, pectinate, saltite, ferroaluminate, biotite, sphene, fluorite, nepheline, natronite, albite, hydromica, and calcite. Uranium mainly occurs isomorphously in beryl silicocerium titanate, partially in uranium silicocerium magnesia, and partially in a dispersed state. Rare earth elements are one of the main components of beryl. Niobium mainly occurs isomorphously in beryl silicocerium titanate, with a small amount in anisodactyly. Zirconium is contained in anisodactyly and sodium zircon. U grade 0.05%, Nb₂O₅ grade 0.10%, REO grade 1.34%, ZrO₂ grade 0.38%.

[0085] In the description of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more. Unless otherwise expressly defined, the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. The terms "connection," "installation," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0086] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0087] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A comprehensive recovery method for low-grade radioactive polymetallic ore beneficiation, characterized in that, include: The process of crushing and grinding ore specifically includes: crushing the raw ore, grinding it to a predetermined fineness, and preparing the slurry to obtain the ground ore slurry. The magnetic pre-enrichment process specifically includes: subjecting the milled slurry to at least one stage of wet high-intensity magnetic separation to obtain magnetic concentrate and magnetic tailings; The process of flotation enrichment specifically includes: after adjusting the magnetic concentrate into a pulp, adding a pH adjuster, a gangue inhibitor and a combined collector in sequence for flotation to obtain a flotation concentrate and flotation tailings rich in uranium, rare earth and niobium. The gravity separation recovery process specifically includes: centrifuging the flotation tailings to obtain a gravity concentrate, and then subjecting the gravity concentrate to magnetic separation to obtain zirconium concentrate.

2. The method for comprehensive recovery of low-grade radioactive polymetallic ore beneficiation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of subjecting the milled slurry to at least one stage of wet high-intensity magnetic separation to obtain magnetic concentrate and magnetic tailings specifically includes: The concentration of the slurry after grinding is adjusted to 8% to 40%, and the first stage of magnetic separation is carried out under a magnetic field strength of 0.5T to 1.0T to obtain the first magnetic concentrate and the first magnetic tailings. After regrinding the first magnetic separation tailings to a thickness of -0.074mm (45%–80%), the slurry concentration is adjusted to 8%–40%. A second stage of magnetic separation is then carried out under a magnetic field strength of 0.8T–1.5T to obtain a second magnetic separation concentrate and a second magnetic separation tailings. The first and second magnetic separation concentrates are then combined to form the target magnetic separation concentrate.

3. The method for comprehensive recovery of low-grade radioactive polymetallic ore beneficiation according to claim 2, characterized in that, After conditioning the magnetic concentrate, a pH adjuster, gangue inhibitor, and combined collector are added sequentially for flotation to obtain a flotation concentrate and flotation tailings rich in uranium, rare earth elements, and niobium. Specifically, this includes: The pulp concentration of the target magnetic concentrate is adjusted to 10% to 45%. First, oxalic acid, a pH adjuster, is added in a first preset amount and stirred. Then, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, a gangue inhibitor, and sodium lignosulfonate, a third preset amount, are added and stirred. Finally, methyl trioctyl ammonium chloride, a combined collector, and butyl xanthate, a fifth preset amount, are added and roughing is carried out under preset conditions to obtain flotation rough concentrate and flotation rough tailings. The flotation rough concentrate is subjected to at least one fine cleaning process to obtain flotation concentrate one; Add a sixth preset amount of water glass inhibitor and a seventh preset amount of L-cysteine ​​to the flotation rough tailings and stir. Then add an eighth preset amount of sodium petroleum xanthate collector and a ninth preset amount of octanoyl hydroxamic acid and carry out scavenging under preset conditions to obtain scavenged rough concentrate and scavenged rough tailings. The scavenged rough concentrate is subjected to at least one fine cleaning process to obtain flotation concentrate II; The first flotation concentrate and the second flotation concentrate are combined to obtain the final flotation concentrate.

4. The method for comprehensive recovery of low-grade radioactive polymetallic ore beneficiation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first preset dosage is oxalic acid 800g / t to 5000g / t, the second preset dosage is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 100g / t to 600g / t, the third preset dosage is sodium lignosulfonate 50g / t to 300g / t, the fourth preset dosage is methyltrioctylammonium chloride 200g / t to 2000g / t, and the fifth preset dosage is butyl xanthate 100g / t to 500g / t.

5. The method for comprehensive recovery of low-grade radioactive polymetallic ore beneficiation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sixth preset dosage is 300g / t to 3000g / t of water glass, the seventh preset dosage is 100g / t to 800g / t of L-cysteine, the eighth preset dosage is 100g / t to 800g / t of sodium petroleum xanthate, and the ninth preset dosage is 100g / t to 1000g / t of capryloyl hydroxamic acid.

6. The method for comprehensive recovery of low-grade radioactive polymetallic ore beneficiation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The preset conditions are: stirring for 3 to 15 minutes at a flotation machine rotor speed of 1200 r / min to 2400 r / min.

7. The method for comprehensive recovery of low-grade radioactive polymetallic ore beneficiation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of centrifuging the flotation tailings to obtain a gravity concentrate, followed by magnetic separation of the gravity concentrate to obtain zirconium concentrate, specifically includes: The scavenged tailings are subjected to centrifugal gravity separation to obtain gravity concentrate and gravity tailings; the gravity concentrate is subjected to at least one centrifugal cleaning process to obtain gravity concentrate. The gravity concentrate is subjected to magnetic separation under a predetermined magnetic field strength to obtain zirconium concentrate and tailings.

8. The method for comprehensive recovery of low-grade radioactive polymetallic ore beneficiation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The predetermined conditions are: magnetic separation is carried out under a magnetic field strength of 0.5T to 1.0T.

9. The method for comprehensive recovery of low-grade radioactive polymetallic ore beneficiation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crushing of the raw ore specifically includes: The raw ore is coarsely crushed to a particle size of less than 8 mm.

10. The method for comprehensive recovery of low-grade radioactive polymetallic ore beneficiation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The predetermined fineness is -0.074 mm, accounting for 30% to 50%.

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