Flame-retardant anti-ultraviolet cable
By using materials with a specific ratio and a three-step reaction to prepare an anti-ultraviolet flame retardant in the cable protective layer, the problem of performance degradation of cables under high temperature and strong ultraviolet environment is solved, achieving a dual performance improvement of flame retardancy and anti-ultraviolet properties.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510930762.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-11
AI Technical Summary
Existing cable materials exhibit performance degradation under high temperature and strong ultraviolet radiation environments, particularly lacking sufficient flame retardancy and UV resistance, making it difficult to meet both requirements.
A protective layer material is made of polyvinyl chloride resin, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, UV flame retardant, antioxidant, and lubricant in a specific ratio. The UV flame retardant is prepared through a three-step reaction. The flame retardant properties of the triazine ring and the UV absorption properties of the conjugated structure are utilized to form a network structure to improve the UV resistance and flame retardancy of the cable.
It significantly improves the flame retardancy and UV resistance of the cable, ensures stable performance, and extends the cable's service life.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cable technology, specifically relating to a flame-retardant and UV-resistant cable. Background Technology
[0002] With the rapid development of modern power transmission and communication technologies, cables, as the core carriers of energy and information transmission, are made of one or more mutually insulated conductors and an outer insulating protective layer. Traditional cables can meet basic usage requirements in ordinary environments, but their performance often deteriorates significantly in harsh environments such as high temperatures and strong ultraviolet radiation, even posing safety hazards. Especially in fields such as petrochemicals, metallurgy, mining, outdoor communication base stations, and photovoltaic power generation, cables not only need to be exposed to strong ultraviolet radiation for extended periods but may also face extreme conditions such as high temperatures and open flames. Therefore, developing a cable that combines flame retardancy and ultraviolet resistance has become an urgent problem to be solved in the current cable technology field.
[0003] Currently, most cables on the market use polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), or cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) as insulation and sheathing materials. Insulation and sheathing materials are crucial components of cables, and improving their performance significantly enhances the cable's overall performance. However, while these materials possess certain electrical properties and mechanical strength, they have significant shortcomings in flame retardancy and UV resistance. For example, ordinary PVC, PE, and XLPE materials are prone to molecular chain breakage under long-term UV exposure, leading to material aging, embrittlement, decreased insulation performance, and ultimately shortened cable lifespan. Although some high-end cables improve performance by adding flame retardants or UV absorbers, these modification methods often suffer from poor compatibility, high dosage requirements, and short-lasting effects, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the dual requirements of flame retardancy and UV resistance. Therefore, how to simultaneously improve the flame retardancy and UV resistance of cable materials is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a flame-retardant and UV-resistant cable.
[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0006] A flame-retardant and UV-resistant cable includes several cable cores, a filling layer, a shielding layer, and a protective layer. The material of the protective layer includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 81-93 parts polyvinyl chloride resin, 14-20 parts ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, 5-13 parts UV-resistant flame retardant, 2-4 parts antioxidant, 5-7 parts lubricant, and 0.3-0.5 parts initiator.
[0007] Furthermore, the cable core is composed of copper conductors and a polypropylene insulation layer covering the outside of the copper conductors.
[0008] Furthermore, the filling layer is made of PP rope.
[0009] Furthermore, the shielding layer is a copper wire mesh woven from nickel-plated copper wire.
[0010] Furthermore, the antioxidant is a hindered phenolic antioxidant.
[0011] Furthermore, the lubricant is one of paraffin, stearic acid, and barium stearate.
[0012] Furthermore, the initiator is one of benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide.
[0013] Furthermore, the UV-resistant flame retardant is prepared through the following steps:
[0014] Step 1: In a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, condenser, and mechanical stirrer, anhydrous chlorobenzene was first added, and nitrogen was purged to replace the air. Then, under ice bath conditions at 5°C, cyanuric chloride, resorcinol, and aluminum trichloride were slowly added and stirred. After mixing, the apparatus was heated to 75°C (oil bath temperature control ±2°C), and the reaction was carried out under nitrogen protection for 4 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane, and the combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate until neutral. Chlorobenzene was removed by rotary evaporation, and the residue was recrystallized from hot ethanol to obtain reaction product 1.
[0015] The reaction principle of step 1 is as follows: Under the catalysis of aluminum trichloride, cyanuric chloride and resorcinol undergo an alkylation reaction. By controlling the molar ratio of the two to be close to 1:3 and with a slight excess of resorcinol, three chlorine groups on the cyanuric chloride participate in the reaction, yielding reaction product 1. The specific reaction process is shown below:
[0016]
[0017] Step 2: In a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, condenser, and mechanical stirrer, anhydrous toluene was first added, and nitrogen gas was purged to replace the air. Then, triethylamine, phenylphosphonic dichloride, and allylamine were added and stirred until homogeneous. The apparatus was then heated under a nitrogen atmosphere. When the temperature reached 60°C, this temperature was maintained, and the reaction was stirred for 8 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered while hot, and some of the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation. Then, column chromatography was performed using a petroleum ether-ethyl acetate (4:1, v / v) elution system to purify the product. The eluent was removed by rotary evaporation to obtain reaction product 2.
[0018] The reaction principle of step 2 is as follows: Under the catalysis of triethylamine, the amino group in allylamine and the chlorine group in phenylphosphonic dichloride undergo nucleophilic substitution, and the molar ratio of the two is controlled at 1:1 (phenylphosphonic dichloride is slightly in excess). The reaction formula is as follows:
[0019]
[0020] Step 3: In a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, condenser, constant pressure dropping funnel, and mechanical stirrer, anhydrous toluene is first added, and nitrogen is passed through to replace the air. Then, reaction product 1 and reaction product 2 are added. After stirring at room temperature for 20 minutes, sodium hydroxide solution is added dropwise to the flask using a constant pressure dropping funnel. After stirring and mixing evenly, the apparatus is heated under a nitrogen atmosphere. When the temperature reaches 70°C, this temperature is maintained, and the reaction is stirred for 12 hours. After the reaction is complete, the product is filtered while hot, and part of the solvent is removed by rotary evaporation. Then, column chromatography is performed using a petroleum ether-ethyl acetate (5:1, v / v) elution system to purify the product. The eluent is removed by rotary evaporation, and the solid product is dried in an oven to obtain the UV-resistant flame retardant.
[0021] The reaction principle of step 3 is as follows: Sodium hydroxide reacts with the phenolic hydroxyl group at the para position in the molecule of reaction product 1 to form sodium phenolate, which has stronger nucleophilicity. Sodium phenolate then reacts with the chlorine atom on the molecule of reaction product 2. The molar ratio of the two is controlled at 1:3 (reaction product 1 is slightly in excess) to obtain the UV flame retardant. The structure of the UV flame retardant is shown below:
[0022]
[0023] This invention prepares an anti-UV flame retardant through a three-step reaction. The preparation principle is simple. The resulting anti-UV flame retardant molecule is centered on a triazine ring and connected to three conjugated substituents. It belongs to a class of triazine UV absorbers and achieves its anti-UV function through a cyclic mechanism of energy absorption from the conjugated structure to rapid energy dissipation in the excited state. Its high efficiency and broad-spectrum characteristics make it irreplaceable in the fields of polymer materials and anti-UV agents. It can significantly improve the UV resistance of cables. In addition, the triazine ring in the anti-UV flame retardant also has excellent flame retardancy. It belongs to the nitrogen-based flame retardant system. At high temperatures, the triazine ring decomposes to produce non-flammable gases such as NH3, N2, and H2O, diluting oxygen and flammable gases. The UV-resistant flame retardant inhibits the combustion chain reaction, improves the flame retardant properties of the matrix, and contains three P=O structures in its molecule. These structures can generate active substances such as phosphoric acid and polyphosphoric acid at high temperatures, catalyzing the dehydration and carbonization of the polymer to form a dense carbon layer that covers the material surface, blocking the diffusion of heat and oxygen. This can achieve a synergistic flame retardant effect with nitrogen-based flame retardants, thus improving the flame retardant properties of the cable. Finally, the UV-resistant flame retardant also contains three unsaturated double bond structures, which can crosslink with polyvinyl chloride under the action of an initiator to form a network structure. This not only improves the migration resistance of the small molecule UV-resistant flame retardant but also improves the mechanical strength of the cable to a certain extent.
[0024] Furthermore, in step 1, the ratio of anhydrous chlorobenzene, cyanuric chloride, resorcinol, and aluminum trichloride is 150mL:18.2g:37.7g:4.2g.
[0025] Furthermore, in step 2, the ratio of anhydrous toluene, triethylamine, phenylphosphonic dichloride, and allylamine is 100 mL: 10.1 g: 20.2 g: 5.7 g.
[0026] Furthermore, in step 3, the ratio of the amounts of anhydrous toluene, reaction product 1, reaction product 2, and sodium hydroxide solution is 200 mL: 45.7 g: 63.1 g: 60 mL.
[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are:
[0028] The cable produced by this invention comprises several cable cores, a filling layer, a shielding layer, and a protective layer;
[0029] 1. Adding EPDM rubber to the protective layer material, the saturated carbon chain structure in EPDM rubber can enhance the cable's resistance to ultraviolet rays.
[0030] 2. The synthesis steps of UV-resistant flame retardants are clear, the reaction conditions are controllable, they are suitable for industrial production, and they have high practicality and promotion value.
[0031] 3. The UV-resistant flame retardant molecules contain a variety of functional groups, which can significantly improve the flame retardancy and UV resistance of cables, and the performance is stable;
[0032] In summary, the cable produced by this invention achieves dual performance improvements in flame retardancy and UV resistance, while also ensuring safety and durability, and has significant application value in the field of cable technology. Detailed Implementation
[0033] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0034] Example 1
[0035] Preparation of UV-resistant flame retardants:
[0036] Step 1: In a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, condenser, and mechanical stirrer, 150 mL of anhydrous chlorobenzene was added, and nitrogen gas was used to purge the air. Then, under ice bath conditions at 5 °C, 18.2 g of cyanuric chloride, 37.7 g of resorcinol, and 4.2 g of aluminum trichloride were slowly added. After stirring and mixing, the apparatus was heated to 75 °C and reacted under nitrogen protection for 4 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane, and the combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate until neutral. Chlorobenzene was removed by rotary evaporation, and the residue was recrystallized from hot ethanol to obtain reaction product 1.
[0037] Step 2: In a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, condenser, and mechanical stirrer, 100 mL of anhydrous toluene was added, and nitrogen gas was purged to replace the air. Then, 10.1 g of triethylamine, 20.2 g of phenylphosphonic dichloride, and 5.7 g of allylamine were added and stirred until homogeneous. The apparatus was heated under a nitrogen atmosphere. When the temperature reached 60 °C, it was maintained at this temperature and the reaction was stirred for 8 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered while hot, and some of the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation. Then, column chromatography was performed using a petroleum ether-ethyl acetate (4:1, v / v) elution system to purify the product. The eluent was removed by rotary evaporation to obtain reaction product 2.
[0038] Step 3: In a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, condenser, constant-pressure dropping funnel, and mechanical stirrer, first add 200 mL of anhydrous toluene and purge the air with nitrogen. Then add 45.7 g of reaction product 1 and 63.1 g of reaction product 2. Stir at room temperature for 20 min, then add 60 mL of sodium hydroxide solution (20% by mass) dropwise to the flask using a constant-pressure dropping funnel. After stirring and mixing evenly, heat the apparatus under a nitrogen atmosphere. When the temperature reaches 70 °C, maintain this temperature and stir the reaction for 12 h. After the reaction is complete, filter while hot, remove some of the solvent by rotary evaporation, and then purify by column chromatography using a petroleum ether-ethyl acetate (5:1, v / v) elution system. Remove the eluent by rotary evaporation, and dry the solid product in an oven to obtain the UV-resistant flame retardant.
[0039] Example 2
[0040] Preparation of UV-resistant flame retardants:
[0041] Step 1: In a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, condenser, and mechanical stirrer, 300 mL of anhydrous chlorobenzene was added, and nitrogen gas was used to purge the air. Then, under ice bath conditions at 5 °C, 36.4 g of cyanuric chloride, 75.4 g of resorcinol, and 8.4 g of aluminum trichloride were slowly added. After stirring and mixing, the apparatus was heated to 75 °C and reacted under nitrogen protection for 4 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane, and the combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate until neutral. Chlorobenzene was removed by rotary evaporation, and the residue was recrystallized from hot ethanol to obtain reaction product 1.
[0042] Step 2: In a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, condenser, and mechanical stirrer, 200 mL of anhydrous toluene was added, and nitrogen gas was purged to replace the air. Then, 20.2 g of triethylamine, 40.4 g of phenylphosphonic dichloride, and 11.4 g of allylamine were added and stirred until homogeneous. The apparatus was then heated under a nitrogen atmosphere. When the temperature reached 60 °C, it was maintained at this temperature and the reaction was stirred for 8 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered while hot, and some of the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation. The product was then purified by column chromatography using a petroleum ether-ethyl acetate (4:1, v / v) elution system. The eluent was removed by rotary evaporation to obtain reaction product 2.
[0043] Step 3: In a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, condenser, constant-pressure dropping funnel, and mechanical stirrer, first add 400 mL of anhydrous toluene and purge the air with nitrogen. Then add 91.4 g of reaction product 1 and 126.2 g of reaction product 2. Stir at room temperature for 20 min, then add 120 mL of sodium hydroxide solution (20% by mass) dropwise to the flask using a constant-pressure dropping funnel. After stirring and mixing evenly, heat the apparatus under a nitrogen atmosphere. When the temperature reaches 70 °C, maintain this temperature and stir the reaction for 12 h. After the reaction is complete, filter while hot, remove some of the solvent by rotary evaporation, and then purify by column chromatography using a petroleum ether-ethyl acetate (5:1, v / v) elution system. Remove the eluent by rotary evaporation, and dry the solid product in an oven to obtain the UV-resistant flame retardant.
[0044] Example 3
[0045] Materials for preparing the protective layer:
[0046] 81g of polyvinyl chloride resin was dried and dehydrated. The dried polyvinyl chloride resin, 14g of EPDM rubber, 5g of UV retardant prepared in Example 1, 2g of antioxidant 1076, 5g of paraffin wax and 0.3g of benzoyl peroxide were added to a mixer and mixed at a speed of 1500r / min. After the raw materials were mixed evenly, they were poured into an extruder, melt-blended and extruded. After cooling, the protective layer material was obtained.
[0047] Example 4
[0048] Materials for preparing the protective layer:
[0049] 87g of polyvinyl chloride resin was dried and dehydrated. The dried polyvinyl chloride resin, 17g of EPDM rubber, 9g of UV retardant prepared in Example 2, 3g of antioxidant 1076, 6g of stearic acid and 0.4g of dicumyl peroxide were added to a mixer and mixed at a speed of 1500r / min. After the raw materials were mixed evenly, they were poured into an extruder, melt-blended and extruded. After cooling, the protective layer material was obtained.
[0050] Example 5
[0051] Materials for preparing the protective layer:
[0052] 93g of polyvinyl chloride resin was dried and dehydrated. The dried polyvinyl chloride resin, 20g of EPDM rubber, 13g of UV retardant prepared in Example 2, 4g of antioxidant 1076, 7g of barium stearate and 0.5g of tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide were added to a mixer and mixed at a speed of 1500r / min. After the raw materials were mixed evenly, they were poured into an extruder, melt-blended and extruded. After cooling, the protective layer material was obtained.
[0053] Example 6
[0054] A polypropylene insulation layer is coated onto the surface of a copper conductor to form the cable core. A PP rope is then evenly wound between several cable cores using a wrapping machine to fill gaps and form a filling layer. A copper wire mesh woven from nickel-plated copper wire is then wrapped around the filling layer to form a shielding layer. Finally, 93g of polyvinyl chloride resin is dried and dehydrated. The dried polyvinyl chloride resin, along with 20g of EPDM rubber, 13g of the UV-resistant flame retardant prepared in Example 2, 4g of antioxidant 1076, 7g of barium stearate, and 0.5g of tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide, is added to a mixer and mixed at 1500 rpm. After the raw materials are evenly mixed, the mixture is poured into an extruder, melted and blended, and then extruded to coat the shielding layer surface, resulting in a flame-retardant and UV-resistant cable.
[0055] Comparative Example 1
[0056] Unlike Example 5, the UV-resistant flame retardant in Example 5 was replaced with an equivalent mass of commercially available phosphorus-based flame retardant to obtain the material.
[0057] Comparative Example 2
[0058] Unlike Example 5, the UV-resistant flame retardant in Example 5 was replaced with an equivalent mass of commercially available Tinuvin 328 UV absorber to obtain the material.
[0059] The following performance tests were conducted on Examples 3, 4, and 5, and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, according to different test standards:
[0060] Tensile properties were determined according to the national standard GB / T 1040.2-2006 "Determination of tensile properties of plastics - Part 2: Test conditions for molded and extruded plastics";
[0061] The samples were placed in a xenon lamp aging test chamber for accelerated aging for 15 days. The aging conditions were an air atmosphere, a xenon lamp wavelength of 280-800 nm, and an irradiation intensity of 300 W / m². 2 The tensile strength of the specimens before and after aging was tested (GB / T 1040.2-2006) and the retention rate of tensile strength was calculated; the retention rate of tensile strength = tensile strength after test / tensile strength before test × 100%.
[0062] The limiting oxygen index of the samples was determined according to the national standard GB / T 2406-2008 "Test Method for Burning Performance of Plastics".
[0063] After allowing Examples 3, 4, 5 and Comparative Example 1 to stand at room temperature for six months, the limiting oxygen index (GB / T 2406-2008) was measured; and the rate of change of the limiting oxygen index was calculated; the rate of change of the limiting oxygen index = limiting oxygen index after test / limiting oxygen index before test × 100%;
[0064] The measurement results are shown in the table below:
[0065]
[0066]
[0067] As shown in the table above, the protective layer prepared in the embodiments of the present invention, after the addition of UV-resistant flame retardant, exhibits higher mechanical strength, flame retardant performance, and UV resistance than the comparative example. Furthermore, after standing for six months, its oxygen index changes very little, demonstrating stable performance. In summary, the cable prepared by the present invention possesses both flame retardant and UV-resistant properties, and exhibits stable performance, thus having significant application value in the field of cable technology.
[0068] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.
[0069] The above description is merely an example and illustration of the present invention. Any modifications or additions made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described, or any substitutions made in a similar manner, should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A flame-retardant and UV-resistant cable, comprising a plurality of cable cores, a filling layer, a shielding layer, and a protective layer, characterized in that, The protective layer is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 81-93 parts polyvinyl chloride resin, 14-20 parts ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, 5-13 parts UV retardant, 2-4 parts antioxidant, 5-7 parts lubricant, and 0.3-0.5 parts initiator.
2. The flame-retardant and UV-resistant cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The UV-resistant flame retardant is prepared by the following steps: Step 1: Anhydrous chlorobenzene, cyanuric chloride, resorcinol and aluminum trichloride are mixed by stirring and reacted at 75°C for 4 hours under nitrogen protection. The reaction is completed and reaction product 1 is obtained. Step 2: Anhydrous toluene, triethylamine, phenylphosphonic dichloride and allylamine are stirred evenly, and the apparatus is heated under a nitrogen atmosphere and reacted at 60°C for 8 hours. The reaction is completed, and reaction product 2 is obtained. Step 3: Mix anhydrous toluene, reaction product 1 and reaction product 2 at room temperature, then add sodium hydroxide solution dropwise. After stirring, heat the apparatus under a nitrogen atmosphere and stir at 70°C for 12 hours. Once the reaction is complete, an anti-ultraviolet flame retardant is obtained.
3. The flame-retardant and UV-resistant cable according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step 1, the ratio of anhydrous chlorobenzene, cyanuric chloride, resorcinol, and aluminum trichloride is 150mL:18.2g:37.7g:4.2g.
4. The flame-retardant and UV-resistant cable according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step 2, the ratio of anhydrous toluene, triethylamine, phenylphosphonic dichloride, and allylamine is 100 mL: 10.1 g: 20.2 g: 5.7 g.
5. A flame-retardant and UV-resistant cable according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step 3, the ratio of the volume of anhydrous toluene, reaction product 1, reaction product 2, and sodium hydroxide solution is 200 mL: 45.7 g: 63.1 g: 60 mL.
6. The flame-retardant and UV-resistant cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antioxidant is a hindered phenolic antioxidant.
7. The flame-retardant and UV-resistant cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lubricant is one of paraffin, stearic acid, and barium stearate.
8. The flame-retardant and UV-resistant cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initiator is one of benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide.